第二部分语法专项突破第五讲冠词、代词一冠词1．不定冠词的6种基本用法(1)在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。auniversity,ausefulanimal,aEuropeancar,anhour,anhonestboy,anX-ray,anuglyman,anhonor等。◆Iearn10dollarsanhourasasupermarketcashier.作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。冠词的基本用法(2)不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。◆TheyfoundanapartmentinAmerica.Theywerethereforonlyamonth.他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。(3)表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。◆Atthattime,Iwasworkinginafactory.Thefactoryproducescarparts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。(4)表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。◆Astheoldsayinggoes,“Romewasnotbuiltinaday.”常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。(5)“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“amost＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。◆Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。◆Heputforwardamostusefulsuggestionatthemeeting.在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。(6)在抽象名词success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,wonder,comfort,danger,shock等前表示“一个„„的人或一件„„的事”。◆Theoperationisasuccessandthepatientisnowoutofdanger.手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。[典例](2017·浙江卷6月语法填空)ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas____________wonder.a解析：此处泛指“一个

A(2017·湖北武汉高三调研)IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee，apublicaffairsunpaidintern(实习生)forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon，IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors’guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmedia

1冠词、代词Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2018·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Later,herroleasQueenAmidalainStarWarsmadeher____________internationalsuperstar.an解析：根据句意可知，她成了一位国际巨星，表示泛指“一个”，且international以元音音素开头，前面需用不定冠词an。2．(2018·河南洛阳第一次统考)“Assoonasheopens____________(he)mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedandtheyfeelproudofhim，”saidhismusicteacher.his解析：考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。3．(2018·太原模拟)Thenheopenedoneofhisbagsandgaveme____________handfuloffreshlypickedcherries，explainingthathehadjusttakenthemfromhisorchard.a解析：考查冠词。固定搭配ahandfulof意为“一把„„”，符合语境，故用不定冠词a。4．(2018·浙江金、丽、衢十二校联考)Linda，pleasetellmealittlebitabout________(you)．yourself解析：此处表示“你自己”的概念，应用反身代词，指Linda，故填yourself。5．(2018·江西赣中南五校一模)Datingsitesalsomake____________easytoavoidsomeonewhoyouarenotinterestedin.it解析：句意：约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语，“toavoidsomeone...”为真正宾语。6．(2018·山东师大附中模拟)Atthatmomentanattractiveyoungladywhonoticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced____________(her)．herself解析：句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语anattra

第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75­yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary­eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood­byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.7．Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyed__audien

第二部分语法专项突破第六讲定语从句1．who，whom和whose引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；二者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。◆I’vebecomegoodfriendswithLiHuawho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与在去年英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。关系代词引导的定语从句◆IhavemanyfriendstowhomI’mgoingtosendpostcards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。◆ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的人。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于ofwhich;指人时相当于ofwhom。◆Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。◆Theboywhoisreadingthebookismybrother.正在读书的男孩是我弟弟。[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)ButSarah，____________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.who解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用who。2．that，which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。◆Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbee

A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.

A(2017·云南高三检测一)Mydoorbellringsat11a．m.Onthestep,IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.Sheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurrentlyinShanghai,hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIamhavingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag—astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbecomeanalmost­dailyoccurrence.Communicationbetweenmybenefactor(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthatshedoesn’tspeakEnglishandallIcansayinMandarinis“hello”.Once,shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescreen,whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallright.“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime，”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland,likeroastbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher,”Isaid.“Oh,no，”Nicolesaid.“Don’tworryabouttha

1定语从句Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2018·广东七校联合体联考)Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson,____________isareallyluckyguy.who解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为herson，故用who。2．(2018·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Overtheyears,Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，____________wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.whose解析：考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为JoanandBernice。3．(2018·河南、河北七所名校联考)Theshelter,____________isdesignedforthethousandsoftradersandshoppersatBangkok’snightmarket，hasbecomeanattractionitself.which解析：考查定语从句。先行词是Theshelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。4．(2018·湖南岳阳一中检测)Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson,____________madehiseldersondiscouraged.which解析：句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。5．(2018·安徽安庆一中模拟)Iwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillage____________Ispentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.where解析：句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是village，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于inwhich。6．(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Theretheymetpeopl

第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare，“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake.B．Drawback.C．Difficulty.D．Burden.[解题思路]第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thinking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedword...probablymeans____________．(2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword...?2．“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如

第七讲名词性从句第二部分语法专项突破1．that引导主语从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。◆Itistruethatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudents.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。主语从句2．whether连接主语从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。◆(重庆卷)Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在商讨中。3．连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。◆Itwasneverclearwhythemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。4．主语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有：①It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句②It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句④It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)＋that从句◆ItisapitythatImissedthepartyheldlastnight.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。◆Itisreportedthattheaccidentwascausedbycarelessness.据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。(2)在Itisnecessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。[典例1](2015·广东卷语法填空)Nowitoccurredtohim______hisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluc

A(2017·长春监测)LifeintheInternetageislonely—orisit?That’swhatexpertsinhumaninteractionaredebatingafteranewStanfordUniversitysurveyhasbeenpublished.Accordingtothestudy,themoretimepeoplespendonline,thelesstheycanspareforreal­liferelationshipswithfamilyandfriends.Theresearchersasked113peopleabouttheWeb’sinfluenceondailyactivities.36%ofthosepeopleareonlineformorethanfivehoursaweek.“AsInternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，”saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.ScholarsandWebloverscriticizedthestudyforstretchingitsdatatomakethe“isolating”point.While13%ofregularWebusersadmittedthelossoftimewithlovedones，60%reportedwatchinglessTV.Thesurveyalsoshowsthate­mailisthemostpopularonlineactivity.Ifsomeofwebheads(网虫)spendwhatwasoncepassiveTVtimekeepingcompanywithfriendsviae-mails,“that’samovetowardgreaterconnectedness，”saysPaulResnick，aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.A1998reportmonitored73Pittsburgh­areafa

1名词性从句Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2017·北京卷单项填空)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet,notknowing____________shewasheading.where解析：句意：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。此处应用where引导宾语从句。2．(2018·河北保定、唐山联考)Iaskedhim____________hisfatherhaddonesothathebecamesuchagoodperson.what解析：句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少haddone的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。3．(2018·福建安溪模拟)Successpartiallydependson____________youhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.whether解析：句意：成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether。4．(2018·山东师大附中模拟)Myfirsttaskwastodecidewheretogoand____________togetthere.how解析：句意：我的第一项任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据常识可知设空处表示“如何”，故填how。5．(2018·山东泰安期中)Studentscanchoose__________theywanttodoandregisteronline.what/whatever解析：句意：学生们可以选择他们想做的(任何)事情并在网上注册。“____________theywanttodo”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，故填what或whatever。6．(2018·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr.Whiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding,andthat’s____________Idon’tagree.where解析：句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。设空处引导表语从句，从句中agree是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。7．(2018·福建福州

A(2017·云南昆明高三质检)Twoweeksago,a7­year-oldgirl,ChloeBridgewaterwrotealettertoGoogle,expressingherinterestinworkingforthetechcompanywhenshegetsolder.“DearGoogleboss,mynameisChloeandwhenIambiggerIwouldlikeajobwithGoogle,”shewrote.“IalsowanttoworkinachocolatefactoryanddoswimmingintheOlympics.”Thestudentsaidshelikedcomputersandhadatabletsheplayedgameson.Sheevenshowedoffarobotgamethatherdadgaveher.Itwasn’tlongbeforeSundarPichai,CEOofGoogle,repliedwithhisownletteronGooglewebsite.InaletterdatedFeb.3,Pichaiwrote,“DearChloe,I’mgladthatyoulikecomputersandrobots,andhopethatyouwillcontinuetolearnabouttechnology.Ithinkifyoukeepworkinghardandfollowyourdreams,youcanaccomplisheverythingyousetyourmindto.Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourjobapplicationwhenyouarefinishedwithschool!”Herfather,AndyBridgewatertoldABCNewshewascompletelyshockedthathisdaughterreceivedareply.Buthewasn’tsurprisedthatshedecidedtowritetheletterinthefirstplace.“She’sgotdetermination.Shedoesn’tseethebarriersthatwefaceeveryday，”heexplained.“If

第二部分语法专项突破第八讲并列句和状语从句一并列句用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and，both...and...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，aswellasDuringthefirstthreeyears,childrenlearnthebasicskillstheywilluseinalltheirlaterlearningbothathomeandatschool.在前3年，孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。用法连词例句表转折关系but，yet，neverth-eless(后两个为非课标词汇)Whatweareabouttodoisperfectlylegal.Butpleasedon’tdiscussitwithanyone.我们要做的事完全合法，但请不要与任何人讨论这件事。表选择关系either...or...，not...but...，or，orelse，ratherthanNowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。用法连词例句表因果关系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soHefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread，forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。用法连词例句and与or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften，andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折表对比while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”IlikeEnglishwhilemylittlesisterisfondofart.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。[典例](2016·四川卷语法填空)Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,____________itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.and解析：句意：是她要一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。根据句意可知两个

【命题趋势】应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等，近两年高考试题较少涉及；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等；而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类。【满分技巧】高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1.先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2.题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。3.生词模糊遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。4.信息补全对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。【热点话题】应用文热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）重难点01阅读理解之应用文A（长春外国语学校2020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）话题：这是一篇布告类应用文。难度：★★建议用时：5分Therearenobadauthorsforchildren.Childrenlikeandwanttoreadandseekout,becauseeverychildisdifferent.Theycanfindthestoriestheyneed,andtheybringthemselvestostories.Herearesomebookschildrens

第四讲主旨大意题题型1概括主旨大意类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，C)Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkan

1第八讲并列句和状语从句Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2018·湖南六校联盟联考)Mostimportantly，though，rememberthefollowingoldrule：trytoeatdifferentfood，____________nottoomuch.but/yet解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。2．(2018·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)Iwasdrivinghomelateatnight____________mycarlostmomentum(动力)andgotslowerandslower.when解析：考查状语从句。句意：我深夜正驾驶在回家的路上，突然汽车失去动力，变得越来越慢。分析该句结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。bedoing...when意为“正在做某事时突然„„”。3．(2018·太原模拟)Ihadhardlysatdownonthetrainandopenedabarofchocolate____________areallyoldmanwithhugebagssatdownacrossfromme.when解析：考查连词。hardly...when...意为“一„„就„„”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。4．(2018·贵州适应性测试)IfyouvisitNepal，youwillfindNepaleseoftengreeteachotherwiththehandspressedtogetherinsteadofshakinghands，____________inNorthAmericaandtheU．K.，peoplegreetoneanotherbyshakinghands.while解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示尼泊尔人双手合十打招呼，而在北美和英国，人们通过握手打招呼。该空前后为转折关系，故用while。5．(2018·福建龙岩质检)Butfornow,theyallhavetopostponetheirplans____________thewinterstormspass.until/till解析：句意：但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知设空处填until或till。6．(2018·

【命题趋势】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【满分技巧】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。二、记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答题技巧重难点02阅读理

第一讲时态、语态考查动词的各种时态基本定义最重要Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood____________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.is解析：此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is。2．(2016·浙江卷)Whileonlineshopping____________(change)ourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.haschanged解析：主语是onlineshopping，结合语境以及后面的havebeen可知，这里要用现在完成时。3．(2016·浙江卷)Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.hadbecome解析：byabout100BC是时间状语，这里强调到公元前一百年为止，所以要用过去完成时。4．(2015·天津卷)Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe____________(teach)aclassatthattime.willbeteaching解析：atthattime提示此处表示将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作。5．(2016·北京卷)Jack____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.wasworking解析：表示过去某时正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。6．(2017·太原一模)Atfirst,bothofthemjoinedtogetherandthefrog____________(lead)hisfriendtowardsthepoolinwhichhelived,anddidn’tstopuntilhereachedthesideofthewater.led解析：考查动词时态。与上文joined呼应，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。7．(

第二部分语法专项突破第九讲助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气一助动词1．助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。助动词do/does/did后只能跟动词原形，助动词不能用作实义动词。2．助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意be虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。3．助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。◆IamLiHua,astudentfromClass2,Grade3.Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生。我写信申请学生志愿者职位。◆Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek.这是你这周第三次上班迟到。[典例](2015·浙江卷)Withouthesitation,Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhadlotsoffunthatday.___________________had→have解析：did加强语气，后跟动词原形。单句语法填空/单句改错1．(2018·贵州适应性测试)WhataboutJapanese？Theydislikethelotusand____________notgiveitasagifttoJapanesebecausetheyregarditasthemourningflower.do解析：考查时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，该句陈述的是一般常识，应用一般现在时，且主语为they，故该空用助动词do。2．Shedoesn’therhomeworkinthemorningbutintheevening._______________doesn’t后加do解析：doesn’t为一般现在时的否定式后加动词原形。3．Thisexperiencehasbeenshownthattravelingbytrainactuallyisthesafestwayofmakingjourneys._______________删除been解析：show和thisexperience为主动关系，