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第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructi

onsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreati

vemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)oth

erstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfail

onewoulddeclare，“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake.B．Drawback.C．Difficulty.D．Burden

.[解题思路]第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__

different__style__of__thinking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedword...probablymeans____________．(2)Whi

chofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword...?2．“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，tha

tis(tosay)，inotherwords，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景

，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型2猜测短语类[

示例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholei

nadampareatoincreasethe__water__catcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallth

ewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwi

thdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Th

elowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2re

ferto?A．Thetube.B．Thestill.C．Thehole.D．Thecup.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。To__construct__a__working

__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__four__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符

合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedphrase...couldbereplacedby____________．(2)Whatdoesthe

underlinedphrase...referto?2．“语境分析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有

利于问题的解决。3．明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。题型3猜测指代类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.theja

zzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCen

ter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29．Whatdoestheunderlin

edword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudie

ncebecominglarger.[解题思路]第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语此处changeth

at可知that代指上文themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations。尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them

...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they...”(inPara...)refersto____________．2．“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，th

ey，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指

代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型4猜测句意类[示例](2017·浙江卷，A)Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookra

gged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve.T

hatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintand

somebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasniney

earsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’spar

entsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldb

ecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句

子①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to__look__ragged(蓬乱)．②When__he__went__home,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__

box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运

得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答____D____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpart...?(2)Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderline

dsentenceabove?(3)WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinPara...?**************2．“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。(1)

返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词

汇或句式来表达。[状元技法]顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关

系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrar

y/ontheotherhand/either...or...3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：tobedefinedas/tobecalled/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inoth

erwords/namely,[学生用书P47])A(2017·云南高三检测一)Mydoorbellringsat11a．m.Onthestep,IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.She

holdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurre

ntlyinShanghai,hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIamhavingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherh

asdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag—astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandei

therchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbecomeanalmost­dailyoccurrence.Communicationbetweenmybenefactor(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicapp

edbythefactthatshedoesn’tspeakEnglishandallIcansayinMandarinis“hello”.Once,shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescreen,whichdisplayedames

sagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallright.“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisall

thetime，”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland,likeroastbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher,”

Isaid.“Oh,no，”Nicolesaid.“Don’tworryaboutthat.Shehastocookforthefamilyanyway,andshewantstodoitforyou.Yo

ucancallherWing,whichishersurname.”ThetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudentwhospeaksMandarinquitewell,sowithherhelp,Ihave

foundoutthatWingis68—13yearsyoungerthanIam.Formypart,IwasraisedinwartimeBritain.Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised,neithero

fusabletospeaktheother’slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpapercarrierbag,handedsmilinglytomebyWing.RightnowIamworkingonsomemor

eMandarinwords—it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness.“Thankyou”is,ofcourse,thefirstone,whichsomehowseemsinadequa

te.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。1.TheauthorandWinggottoknoweachother________．A．asnextdoorneighborsB．whenexchangingmealsC．b

ysharingsimilarexperiencesD．afterusinganiPadtocommunicateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“Iknowthislady...Herdaughter，Nicole，boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.”可

知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。2．Theunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph5probablymeans“________”．A．doaswellB．offergenerouslyC．giveinreturnD．acceptwithp

leasureC解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的

。C项意为“回报”，故选C。3．Theauthor’sefforttolearnMandarinshowsher________．A．greatsatisfactionB．realkindnessC．heartfeltthanksD．sincerefrien

dshipC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意

”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。B(2017·云南高三检测二)HalfofprimaryschoolswilladoptthetraditionalChinese

methodofmathsteachinginaGovernmentdrivetostopBritishyoungstersfromfallingbehindtheir__Asian__counterparts．Youngsters

intheU．K.lagwaybehindthoseinChina,SingaporeandJapaninnumeracy(计算能力).InthelatestPISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentA

ssessment)testsfor15－year－olds,ShanghaicametopinmathswhiletheU．K.came26th.Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinste

adreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole－classlearning.Primaryschoolchildrenwillbetaught“Shanghaimaths”asBritishschoolscopyChines

eteachingmethodstoimprovestandards.Sofar140teachershavebeentrainedintheapproach.Currently,classesareoftendividedintogroupsbasedonability.

CriticsblametheBritishteachingstylesthatfocusedonapplyingmathstoreal－lifesituationsinanefforttomakethesubjectmoreinteresting.Theysaythishasledtoconf

usionandstoppedchildrenlearningthebasics.UndertheGovernment’snewplans,childrenasyoungasfivewillhavedrillstopractisesumsandexer

cises,andmustmastereachconceptbeforemovingtothenext.NickGibb,theschoolsminister,saidthattrainingwillbeprovidedfor8，000primaryschools—h

alfthecountry’stotal—toswitchtotheShanghai“mastery”approach.“Weareseeingarenaissance(复兴)inmathsteachingi

nthiscountry,withgoodideasfromaroundtheworldhelpingtocheerupourclassrooms，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的

数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。4．Theunderlinedwords“theirAsiancounterparts”inParagraph1referto__________

__．A．theweakpupilsinAsiaB．theyoungstudentsinAsiaC．theprimaryschoolsinAsiaD．themathsteachersinAsiaB解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Britishyoungsters”可

知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asianyoungsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。5．Whichofthefollowingisanap

proachof“Shanghaimaths”？A．Childrencanchoosetolearnwhatintereststhem.B．Childrenaregivendifferentworkbasedontheirability.C．Childre

naretaughtingroupsratherthanasanentireclass.D．Childrenarerequiredtomasteraconceptbeforetheyprogress.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的．..andmustmastereachc

onceptbeforemovingtothenext.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。6．Recently,someBritishmathsteachershavebeentrainedto____________．A

．increasethedifficultylevelB．conduct“child－centred”classesC．guidestudentstorepeatanddrillD．meettheneedsofsmartstudentsC解析：

推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”wh

ole－classlearning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。7．WhatisNickGibb’sattitudetowardthenewteachi

ngstyle?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Cautious.D．Negative.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，NickGibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。专题强化训练11词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[学生用书P97

(单独成册)]A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthpr

ofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithab

urstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifir

strealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.

Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithme

thensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.

OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’pres

ence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthou

ghhewerestillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.

Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1．Whywerethehurricanevictim

sgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.C．Hecametostaywiththem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessional

s.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer‘psychologicalfirstaid’andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可

知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway?A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B．Hewenttohisfriend

’satonce.C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushd

ownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我

”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probab

lymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutcosy.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandunhappy.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsan

dsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，

画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B．Beingpresentcan

makeabigdifference.C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的

前两句“Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项

正确。B(2017·重庆调研推测二)Astheworldbecomesmoreconnected,thenumberofpeoplelivingoutsidetheirhomecountryisontherise.Tofindou

twhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurve

y.InMalta,warmweatherandnearnesstoEuropearethebigdrawsforthisMediterraneannation.Theclimateleadstoaslowerpaceoflife.“Someshopshavea‘siesta’earl

yintheafternoon,andmanypeoplenoticeslowserviceattherestaurants，”saidanInterNationsConsulfromRome.“Iremembers

ittingatatablearound8p．m.onceandleavingatmidnight!Weonlyhadastarterandonemain.”InEcuador,friendlypeople,affordab

lehealthcareandtasty,cheapfoodarejustafewreasonsastowhyexpatslovelivinginEcuador.Plus,thecountry’sdiversecitiesgiveexpatsalotofchoices.“Thebea

utyofEcuadoristhevariety，”saidanInterNationsambassador.“ThepeoplewhocometoretireinEcuadoroftenlookforalowercostofliv

ing,sothecoastline,thesouthernpartofEcuadorandAmbatowillfitthistypeofexpat.Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedoroutgoingexpats,Quito

,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.”Thebiggercitiesdocomeatacost,hewarned,withhigherpricesforrentandeatingout.InNew

Zealand,thecountry’snaturalbeautydrawspeoplefromacrosstheworld,andwitheasyaccesstobothcitiesandbeaches,expatsusu

allyadoptthelocalrelaxedlifestyle.AnInterNationsAmbassadorfromHongKongnotesthatatypicalKiwiworks8：30a．m.to5p．m.,neverovertime

,andenjoysmealsandweekendactivities,likehouseparties,roadtripsorhiking,withtheirfamily.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士

在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。5．WhatisInterNations’surveyfor?A．Tostudywhythenumberofexpatsisontherise.B．Tomakeclearwhattheexactnumberof

expatsis.C．Tolookintohowexpatsadoptedtheirnewhometown.D．Todiscoverwhatpleasesexpatsintheiradoptedcountries.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats(

移民)happyintheirnewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurvey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对

他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“siesta”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sale.B．Break.C．Promotion.D．Exhi

bition.B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slowerpaceoflife”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。7．WhatdoweknowabouttheexpatstoEcua

dor?A．RichexpatswouldliketoliveinAmbato.B．Alltheexpatslovethelowercostofliving.C．Outgoingexpatsarelikelytoch

ooseCuenca.D．Thebiggercitiesarethebestchoicesforpoorexpats.C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedor

outgoingexpats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。8．ExpatschooseNewZealandbecauseo

fits____________．A．specialclimateB．typicalanimalsC．naturalbeautyD．fastpaceoflifeC解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选

择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。C(2017·银川4月检测)Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhenthe

ysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPr

essureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyour

legshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtoc

irculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon’tfeelanyimmediateeffe

cts,butrepeated,drawn­outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong­termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperio

doftime?Don’tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegtha

tpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporar

yparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_

_and__needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsunti

ltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbo

thofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.[解题导语]本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见

的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。9．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone’slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B．It

isusuallypracticeddeliberately.C．Itcandoharmtopeople’shealth.D．Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Whileyoumayfind

itcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。10

．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________．A．affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivel

yC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegsA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstat

edthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。11．Inthethirdparagr

aph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans“________”．A．slightlysharppainsB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．beinghighlyflexibl

eA解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourank

le”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A

．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．Togivereaderssomeadvice.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.B解析：写作意图题。根据

全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。专题强化训练12词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]A(2017·广

州检测)Weallknowthefeeling:lookingatthecomputerscreen,pretendingtobeinterestedinourhomework,eventhoughwereallyfeelbored.Butsuchfeeli

ngsmaysoonbeatanend,saysDr.HarryWitchel,headoftheEssexMedicalSchool.Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefuturewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelbore

dandeventakeactiontostopit．Beforeyougetconcerned,themachinewon’tbereadingyourmind.Itwillbeobservingthemanymovementsyoumakewhil

eusingacomputer.It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachine—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—bu

tsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowintereste

dthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement!Totesthistheory,Witch

elinvited27peopletoperformvariouscomputer－basedtasks.Theactivitiesrangedfromplayingonlinegames(aninteresti

ngtask)toreadingdocumentslikegovernmentlawsthatmostpeoplewouldfindboring.Aspecialvideocamerafollowedtheparticipants’movementsasth

eycompletedeachtask.Justastheresearcherexpected,the“boredommovements”greatlydecreased,byasmuchas42%,whenthesubjectswereveryint

erestedinwhattheywerereadingorseeing.Fortunately,Dr.Witchelisn’tplanningtousehisresultstocreatemachinesthatreportstudents

whoarenotpayingattentionatschool.Instead,hewants“movementsensing”technologytobebuiltintofuturecomputersinordertoimprovestudents’computer－ba

sedlearningexperience.Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－tim

etokeepstudentsfocused.Witchelalsobelievesthatthetechnologycanprovidefilmmakerswithhonestaudienceopinionsandinthefuture,helptodevelop

moreintelligentrobots.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的

学习兴趣。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referto?A．Homework.B．Acomputer.C．Boredom.D．Thefuture.C解析：代词指代

题。由第一段最后一句Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefuturewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。2．WhydidDr.Witchelcarryou

thisresearch?A．Todiscoverhowboredpeoplemove.B．Tofindoutwhatmakespeoplebored.C．Toseeifinterestedpeoplearemoreactive.D．Totestthe

linkbetweenboredomandmovement.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingor

watching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。3．Whichmovementwo

uldWitchel’stechnologymostlikelypayattentionto?A．Turningoffthemachine.B．Typingwordsonakeyboard.C．Surfingquickly

betweenwebpages.D．Movingone’sheadfromsidetoside.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethema

chine—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movingin

yourseatorrubbingyourface.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。4．Howwillthenewtechnologyhelpeducation,accordingtoWitchel?A．Byreducingteachers’workload.B．Bymain

tainingstudents’learninginterest.C．Byreportingstudents’misbehaviorinclass.D．Bymakinglearningmorelikeacomputergame.B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句Thescie

ntistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeepstudentsfocused.可知，这种新技术可以帮

助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。B(2017·河南实验中学模拟)ThepoliceinTaiwanareunabletojudgewhethertotreatitasanextremelycleveractofstealingoranevenclevererc

heat.Eitherway,itcouldbetheperfectcrime,becausethecriminalsarebirds—homingpigeons!Thecrimebeginswithatelephonemessagetot

heownerofastolencar:Ifyouwantthecarback,payup.Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytotheneck

ofthepigeoninside.Carryingthemoneyinatinybag,thepigeonfliesoff.Therehavebeenatleastfoursuchpigeonpick－upsinChangwa.Whatatfirstseemedliketheworkofacl

everstay－at－homecarthief,however,mayinfactbetheworkofanevenlazierandmoreinventivecriminalmind—onethatavoidsnotonlycollectingmoneybutalsogoingout

tostealthecarinthefirstplace.PoliceofficerChensaysthatthecriminalprobablyhaspulledadoubletrick:Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossibly

return.Insteadofstealingcars,heletssomeoneelsedoitandthenwaitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.Thetheoryissupportedb

ythefactthat,sofar,noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturned.Also,theamountofmoneydemanded—under3，000Taiwandollars—se

emstoolittleforacarworthmanytimesmore.Demandsforpigeon－deliveredmoneystoppedassoonasthepressreportedth

estory.Andeveniftheystartagain,Chenholdslittlehopeofcatchingthecriminal.“Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文介绍了一种新型的犯

罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。5．Afterthecar－ownerreceivedaphonecall,he________．A．wenttoacertainpi

geonandputsomemoneyinthebagitcarriedB．gavethemoneytothethiefandhadhiscarbackinaparkC．sentsomemoneytothethiefbymailD．toldthepr

essaboutitA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytothen

eckofthepigeoninside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。6．Thewritermentionsthefactthat“noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturne

d”toshow________．A．howeasilypeoplegetfooledbycriminalsB．whatChenthinksmightbecorrectC．thethiefisextremelyclever

D．themoneypaidistoolittleB解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.可知，警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。7．Theunderlinedwor

d“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto____________．A．criminalsB．pigeonsC．thestolencarsD．demandsformoneyD解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这

样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demandsforpigeon－deliveredmoney。故选D项。8．Wemayinferthatthecriminalknowshowtoreachthecar－ownersbecause____________．A．hereadsth

eadsinthenewspaperB．helivesinthesameneighborhoodC．hehasseenthecar－ownersintheparkD．hehastrainedthepigeonstofollowthemA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．.

.waitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。C(2017·山西省际名校联考)ThistimelastyearIenteredtwolong-distan

cemass-participationswimmingevents,includingtheJubileeRiver10kmswim.Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Ilivei

nfearofcominglast.Lastyear,beforethetwoevents,IrealizedthatIcouldn’tdealwithcominglast.Ihadlookedattheswimtimesofthosewhohadcompletedthepr

eviousyearandcalculatedthat,atmycurrentswimpace,Iwouldprobablyhavecomelastinboth.Ijustcouldn’tfaceit.Butwhennextye

arcamearound,Idecidedtoenterthosesameeventsagain.Forafewmonths,Itrainedhard,butIdidn’tgetanyfaster.ThenitwasJune5,thedayoftheJubileeRiver10k

m.Theeventstartedat9：30a．m.,andtheswimmerswereanxiousandeagertostart.AsIswamalong,theriverwasquietandcleanandeverythingwaspeacefu

l.Thesunshone.Meadows(草地)rolledbyandeverynowandthensomeonewouldwaveatthesceneunfoldinginthewater.Astheda

yworeon,somehowIdidn’tmindthat,predictably,almosteveryonewasahead.Therewereatleastsomeswimmersstillne

arme,andalthoughwesharedthesameriverwequietlyoccupiedourownspaces.AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthe

sky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.Intheend,fourhoursand29minutesa

fterI’dstarted,Istaggered(摇摇晃晃地走)outofthewaterandwasgreetedwithasmileanda“welldone”fromtheraceorganizer.Iglancedbackover

myshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swi

mmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.I__was__just__relieved,__proud__and__happy__to__finish.AsIdroveaway,mythoughtsturnedtomynextlong

raceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit,myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．[解题导语]作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。9

．Theauthorintendedtoquitswimmingmainlybecause________．A．shefearedthatshecouldn’tfinishthetworacesB．shewasafraidthatshewouldl

etfamilymembersdownC．shewasunwillingtoacceptthepossibilityoffinishinglastD．shewasn’tfullypreparedforthetworacesC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Atthelastmi

nute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能

性。故选C。10．Theauthorhopestoconveythemessagethat________．A．nevergiveupwhenfacingchallengesB．itisprocessthatmattersmostC．fail

ureisthemotherofsuccessD．winnersalwaystakeitallB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingo

rnotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthefifthparagraph?A．Shetookprideinleavingallth

eotherswimmersbehind.B．Shewasproudthatshewasnotthelastoneintherace.C．Shewasgladtofinishtheraceandhadasen

seofrelief.D．Shewasproudtobepraisedbytheorganizer.C解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewateran

dnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为

并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。12．Itcanbeinferredfromtheendthattheauthorislikelyto________．A．participateinanotherracewithoutanyhesitationB．analyze

thereasonwhyshefailedintheraceC．loseconfidencecompletelyD．decidewhethersheissuitablefortheraceA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的AsIdroveaway...myfearsofcomingl

astgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。