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第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashel

fintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.His

presencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindof

thinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare，“ButI’mjustnotcreative.

”27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake.B．Drawback.C．Difficulty.D．Burden.[解题

思路]第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__s

tudents__who__had__a__different__style__of__thinking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedword...probablym

eans____________．(2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword...?2．“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解

释，如利用or，thatis(tosay)，inotherwords，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以

反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型2猜测短语类[示例](2017·全国

卷Ⅰ，D)Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoin

creasethe__water__catcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinth

ecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweight

ingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyo

ver,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A．Thetube.B．Thest

ill.C．Thehole.D．Thecup.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。To__construct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__four_

_feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedphrase...couldbereplacedby__

__________．(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase...referto?2．“语境分析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。3．

明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。题型3猜测指代类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)Despitethecelebrations,though,in

theU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergeneratio

ns.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudien

ceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?

A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecomingla

rger.[解题思路]第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.第二步试找出该代词所代替的词语此处changethat可知t

hat代指上文themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations。尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them...”

referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they...”(inPara...)refersto____________．2．“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(t

his，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原

则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型4猜测句意类[示例](2017·浙江卷，A)Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneeded

morefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbe

endoing.The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawin

gs.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.These

werethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanot

hervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.22．Whatdoestheunderlin

edsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Ben

jaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to__look__ragged(蓬乱)．②When__he__went__home,__he__

sent__Benjamin__a__box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他

送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答____D____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpart...?(2)Whatistheimpliedmeaningof

theunderlinedsentenceabove?(3)WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinPara...?**************2．“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测

题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一

般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。[状元技法]顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义，“顺着”

作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas

/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/either...o

r...3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：tobedefinedas/tobecalled/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely,[学生用书P47])A(2017·云南高三检测

一)Mydoorbellringsat11a．m.Onthestep,IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.Sheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.Iknowthislady.Itisby

nomeansherfirstvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurrentlyinShanghai,hasapparently

toldhermotherthatIamhavingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.Iknowwh

atisinsidethepapercarrierbag—astainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbecomeanalmost­dailyoccurr

ence.Communicationbetweenmybenefactor(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthatshedoesn’tspeakEnglishandallIcansayin

Mandarinis“hello”.Once,shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescreen,whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallr

ight.“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime，”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycook

ingsomethingfrommynativeland,likeroastbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher,”Isaid.“Oh,no，”Nicolesaid.“Don’tworryaboutthat.S

hehastocookforthefamilyanyway,andshewantstodoitforyou.YoucancallherWing,whichishersurname.”Thetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudent

whospeaksMandarinquitewell,sowithherhelp,IhavefoundoutthatWingis68—13yearsyoungerthanIam.Formypart,IwasraisedinwartimeBritain.Sohereweare,t

wograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpapercarrierba

g,handedsmilinglytomebyWing.RightnowIamworkingonsomemoreMandarinwords—it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness.“Thankyou”is,o

fcourse,thefirstone,whichsomehowseemsinadequate.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。1.Theauth

orandWinggottoknoweachother________．A．asnextdoorneighborsB．whenexchangingmealsC．bysharingsimilarexperiencesD．afterusinganiPadtoc

ommunicateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“Iknowthislady...Herdaughter，Nicole，boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项

正确。2．Theunderlinedword“reciprocate”inParagraph5probablymeans“________”．A．doaswellB．offergenerouslyC．gi

veinreturnD．acceptwithpleasureC解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthe

time”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。3．Theauthor’sefforttolearnMandarinshowsher________．A．greatsatisfactionB．realkind

nessC．heartfeltthanksD．sincerefriendshipC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为

“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。B(2017·云南高三检测二)HalfofprimaryschoolswilladoptthetraditionalChinesemethodofmathsteachinginaGovernmentdrivetos

topBritishyoungstersfromfallingbehindtheir__Asian__counterparts．YoungstersintheU．K.lagwaybehindthoseinChina,Sin

gaporeandJapaninnumeracy(计算能力).InthelatestPISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment)testsfor15－year－olds,Shanghaicametopinmathswhil

etheU．K.came26th.Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk

”whole－classlearning.Primaryschoolchildrenwillbetaught“Shanghaimaths”asBritishschoolscopyChineseteachingmethod

stoimprovestandards.Sofar140teachershavebeentrainedintheapproach.Currently,classesareoftendividedintogroupsbas

edonability.CriticsblametheBritishteachingstylesthatfocusedonapplyingmathstoreal－lifesituationsinanefforttomakethesubjectmoreinterestin

g.Theysaythishasledtoconfusionandstoppedchildrenlearningthebasics.UndertheGovernment’snewplans,childrenasyoungasfivewillhavedrillstopra

ctisesumsandexercises,andmustmastereachconceptbeforemovingtothenext.NickGibb,theschoolsminister,saidthattrai

ningwillbeprovidedfor8，000primaryschools—halfthecountry’stotal—toswitchtotheShanghai“mastery”approach.“Wear

eseeingarenaissance(复兴)inmathsteachinginthiscountry,withgoodideasfromaroundtheworldhelpingtocheerupour

classrooms，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。4．Theunderlinedwords“theirAsiancount

erparts”inParagraph1referto____________．A．theweakpupilsinAsiaB．theyoungstudentsinAsiaC．theprimaryschoolsinAsi

aD．themathsteachersinAsiaB解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Britishyoungsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落

后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asianyoungsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。5．Whichofthefollowingisanapproachof“Shanghaimaths”？A．Childrencanchoosetole

arnwhatintereststhem.B．Childrenaregivendifferentworkbasedontheirability.C．Childrenaretaughtingroupsratherthanasanentireclass.D．Childrenarereq

uiredtomasteraconceptbeforetheyprogress.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的．..andmustmastereachconceptbeforemovingtothenext.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。

故选D。6．Recently,someBritishmathsteachershavebeentrainedto____________．A．increasethedifficultylevelB．conduct“child－centred”classesC．gu

idestudentstorepeatanddrillD．meettheneedsofsmartstudentsC解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,

drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole－classlearning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。7．WhatisNickGibb’s

attitudetowardthenewteachingstyle?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Cautious.D．Negative.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，NickGibb非常支持这种

新的教学模式。故选A。专题强化训练11词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[学生用书P97(单独成册)]A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewere

there,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpre

sence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifelta

ppreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunex

pectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadnes

s.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sinceth

en,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnota

wake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsingin

g,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.

Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。

1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.C

．Hecametostaywiththem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Wewerethere,asmentalhealthp

rofessionals,tooffer‘psychologicalfirstaid’andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2．Whatdidtheauth

ordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway?A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B．Hewenttohisfriend’satonce.C．Hekne

wwhattodoinstantly.D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypers

onalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“s

olemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutcosy.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandun

happy.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ay

oungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4．Whathasthea

uthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.C．Thefamilyharmon

yisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“Inmylife,Ia

mrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。B(2017·重庆调研推测二)Ast

heworldbecomesmoreconnected,thenumberofpeoplelivingoutsidetheirhomecountryisontherise.Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,th

eglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurvey.InMalta,warmweatherandnearnesstoEuropearethebigdrawsfor

thisMediterraneannation.Theclimateleadstoaslowerpaceoflife.“Someshopshavea‘siesta’earlyintheafternoon,

andmanypeoplenoticeslowserviceattherestaurants，”saidanInterNationsConsulfromRome.“Iremembersittingatatablearound8p．m.onceandleavingatmid

night!Weonlyhadastarterandonemain.”InEcuador,friendlypeople,affordablehealthcareandtasty,cheapfoodarejust

afewreasonsastowhyexpatslovelivinginEcuador.Plus,thecountry’sdiversecitiesgiveexpatsalotofchoices.“ThebeautyofE

cuadoristhevariety，”saidanInterNationsambassador.“ThepeoplewhocometoretireinEcuadoroftenlookforalowercostofliv

ing,sothecoastline,thesouthernpartofEcuadorandAmbatowillfitthistypeofexpat.Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedoroutgoingexpats,Quito,Guayaquil

andCuencaarethecitiestolivein.”Thebiggercitiesdocomeatacost,hewarned,withhigherpricesforrentandeatingout.InNewZealand,the

country’snaturalbeautydrawspeoplefromacrosstheworld,andwitheasyaccesstobothcitiesandbeaches,expatsusuallyadoptthelocalrelaxedlifestyle.AnInter

NationsAmbassadorfromHongKongnotesthatatypicalKiwiworks8：30a．m.to5p．m.,neverovertime,andenjoysmealsandweekendactivities,likehouseparties,roadt

ripsorhiking,withtheirfamily.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。5．WhatisInterNations’surveyfor?A．

Tostudywhythenumberofexpatsisontherise.B．Tomakeclearwhattheexactnumberofexpatsis.C．Tolookintohowexpatsadoptedtheirnewhometown.D．Todiscover

whatpleasesexpatsintheiradoptedcountries.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,

theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurvey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。6．Whatdoestheu

nderlinedword“siesta”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sale.B．Break.C．Promotion.D．Exhibition.B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slowerpaceoflife”可知，这些地

方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。7．WhatdoweknowabouttheexpatstoEcuador?A．RichexpatswouldliketoliveinAmba

to.B．Alltheexpatslovethelowercostofliving.C．OutgoingexpatsarelikelytochooseCuenca.D．Thebiggercitiesarethebestchoicesforpo

orexpats.C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedoroutgoingexpats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C

。8．ExpatschooseNewZealandbecauseofits____________．A．specialclimateB．typicalanimalsC．naturalbeautyD．fastpaceoflifeC解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自

然美景。故选C。C(2017·银川4月检测)Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhent

heysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.Astudypublished

inBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthi

sisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingi

tevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktoth

eheart.Youwon’tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn­outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong­termhealthissues.So,planningtositforal

ongperiodoftime?Don’tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpa

ssesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysi

s(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins__and__needles”sensation.Whilethefe

elingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyou

sitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyou

rhealthinthelongrun.[解题导语]本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。9．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossi

ngone’slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.C．Itcandoharmtopeople’shealth.D．Itcanmakeothersfee

luncomfortable.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthprob

lemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。10．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan______

__．A．affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegsA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一

句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，研究表明，跷

二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。11．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans“________”．A．slightlysharppainsB．beingalittletiredC．s

eriousmuscleinjuriesD．beinghighlyflexibleA解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis

(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人

无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．To

givereaderssomeadvice.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.B解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎

腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。专题强化训练12词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]A(2017·广州检测)Weallknowthefeeling:lookingatthecomputerscreen,pretendingtobeinterestedinourhomew

ork,eventhoughwereallyfeelbored.Butsuchfeelingsmaysoonbeatanend,saysDr.HarryWitchel,headoftheEssexMedicalSchool.Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefut

urewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．Beforeyougetconcerned,themachinewon’tbereadingyourmind.Itwillbeobservingthemanymovementsyo

umakewhileusingacomputer.It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachine—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovemen

tslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowinterested

thepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement!Totesthistheory,Witchel

invited27peopletoperformvariouscomputer－basedtasks.Theactivitiesrangedfromplayingonlinegames(aninterestingtask)toreadingdocumentslikegovernmentlaws

thatmostpeoplewouldfindboring.Aspecialvideocamerafollowedtheparticipants’movementsastheycompletedeachtask.Justastheresearcherexp

ected,the“boredommovements”greatlydecreased,byasmuchas42%,whenthesubjectswereveryinterestedinwhattheywerereadingorseeing.Fortuna

tely,Dr.Witchelisn’tplanningtousehisresultstocreatemachinesthatreportstudentswhoarenotpayingattentionatschool.Instead,hewants“movementsensing”techno

logytobebuiltintofuturecomputersinordertoimprovestudents’computer－basedlearningexperience.Thescientistsay

sthatbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeepstudentsfocused.Witchelalso

believesthatthetechnologycanprovidefilmmakerswithhonestaudienceopinionsandinthefuture,helptodevelopmoreintelligentrobots.[解题导语]本文是

一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1r

eferto?A．Homework.B．Acomputer.C．Boredom.D．Thefuture.C解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefuturewillnoticewhenpeoplefee

lboredandeventakeactiontostopit．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。2．WhydidDr.Witchelcarryouthisresearch?A．Todiscoverhowboredpeople

move.B．Tofindoutwhatmakespeoplebored.C．Toseeifinterestedpeoplearemoreactive.D．Totestthelinkbetweenboredomandmovement.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchel

callsthese“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmo

vement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。3．WhichmovementwouldWitchel’stechnologymostlikelypayattentionto?A

．Turningoffthemachine.B．Typingwordsonakeyboard.C．Surfingquicklybetweenwebpages.D．Movingone’sheadfromsidetoside.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段第

三句It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachine—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslike

closingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。4．Howwillthenewtechnologyhelpeducation,accordingtoWitchel?A．Byreduc

ingteachers’workload.B．Bymaintainingstudents’learninginterest.C．Byreportingstudents’misbehaviorinclass.D．Bymakinglearningmorelike

acomputergame.B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－ti

metokeepstudentsfocused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。B(2017·河南实验中学模拟)ThepoliceinTaiwanareunabletojudgewhethertotreatitasanextremelyclev

eractofstealingoranevencleverercheat.Eitherway,itcouldbetheperfectcrime,becausethecriminalsarebirds—homingpigeons!Thecrimebeginswithatelephonemes

sagetotheownerofastolencar:Ifyouwantthecarback,payup.Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneyto

theneckofthepigeoninside.Carryingthemoneyinatinybag,thepigeonfliesoff.Therehavebeenatleastfoursuchpigeonpick－upsinChang

wa.Whatatfirstseemedliketheworkofacleverstay－at－homecarthief,however,mayinfactbetheworkofanevenlazierandmoreinventivecriminalmind—o

nethatavoidsnotonlycollectingmoneybutalsogoingouttostealthecarinthefirstplace.PoliceofficerChensaysthatthe

criminalprobablyhaspulledadoubletrick:Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.Insteadofstealingcars,heletssomeoneelsedoitandthenwaitsf

orthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.Thetheoryissupportedbythefactthat,sofar,noneofthestolencarshavebeenre

turned.Also,theamountofmoneydemanded—under3，000Taiwandollars—seemstoolittleforacarworthmanytimesmore.Demand

sforpigeon－deliveredmoneystoppedassoonasthepressreportedthestory.Andeveniftheystartagain,Chenholdslittleho

peofcatchingthecriminal.“Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。5．Afterthecar－owne

rreceivedaphonecall,he________．A．wenttoacertainpigeonandputsomemoneyinthebagitcarriedB．gavethemoneyt

othethiefandhadhiscarbackinaparkC．sentsomemoneytothethiefbymailD．toldthepressaboutitA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoap

ark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytotheneckofthepigeoninside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。6．Thew

ritermentionsthefactthat“noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturned”toshow________．A．howeasilypeoplegetfooledbycriminalsB．whatChenthinksmightbecorrect

C．thethiefisextremelycleverD．themoneypaidistoolittleB解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.可知，

警察认为那些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。7．Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto____________．A．criminalsB

．pigeonsC．thestolencarsD．demandsformoneyD解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demandsforpigeo

n－deliveredmoney。故选D项。8．Wemayinferthatthecriminalknowshowtoreachthecar－ownersbecause____________．A．hereadsthea

dsinthenewspaperB．helivesinthesameneighborhoodC．hehasseenthecar－ownersintheparkD．hehastrainedthepigeonstofollowthemA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．..

waitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。C(2017·山西省际名校联考)ThistimelastyearIenteredtwolong-

distancemass-participationswimmingevents,includingtheJubileeRiver10kmswim.Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Id

ecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.Lastyear,beforethetwoevents,IrealizedthatIcouldn’tdealwithcominglast.Ihadlookedattheswimtimesof

thosewhohadcompletedthepreviousyearandcalculatedthat,atmycurrentswimpace,Iwouldprobablyhavecomelastinboth.Ijustcouldn’tf

aceit.Butwhennextyearcamearound,Idecidedtoenterthosesameeventsagain.Forafewmonths,Itrainedhard,butIdidn’tgetanyfaster.ThenitwasJune5,thedayoftheJubi

leeRiver10km.Theeventstartedat9：30a．m.,andtheswimmerswereanxiousandeagertostart.AsIswamalong,theriverwasquietandcleanandeverythingwaspeacefu

l.Thesunshone.Meadows(草地)rolledbyandeverynowandthensomeonewouldwaveatthesceneunfoldinginthewater.Asthedayworeon,somehowIdi

dn’tmindthat,predictably,almosteveryonewasahead.Therewereatleastsomeswimmersstillnearme,andalthoughwesharedthesameriverwequietlyo

ccupiedourownspaces.AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyse

lf.Intheend,fourhoursand29minutesafterI’dstarted,Istaggered(摇摇晃晃地走)outofthewaterandwasgreetedwithasmil

eanda“welldone”fromtheraceorganizer.Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandful

ofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.I__was__just__relieved,__pr

oud__and__happy__to__finish.AsIdroveaway,mythoughtsturnedtomynextlongraceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit,myfearsofcominglastgentlyrece

ding(渐渐远去)．[解题导语]作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。9．Theauthorintendedtoquitswimmingmainlybecause________．A．shefearedthatshecouldn’tfinishthetw

oracesB．shewasafraidthatshewouldletfamilymembersdownC．shewasunwillingtoacceptthepossibilityoffinishinglastD．shewasn’tfullypreparedforthetworacesC解析：细

节理解题。根据第一段的Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。10．Theauthorh

opestoconveythemessagethat________．A．nevergiveupwhenfacingchallengesB．itisprocessthatmattersmostC．failureisthemotherofsuccessD．winne

rsalwaystakeitallB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpa

ssing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthefifthparagraph?A．Shetookp

rideinleavingalltheotherswimmersbehind.B．Shewasproudthatshewasnotthelastoneintherace.C．Shewasgladtofinishtheraceandhadase

nseofrelief.D．Shewasproudtobepraisedbytheorganizer.C解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallh

andfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.可知，成绩虽然不理想

，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。12．Itcanbeinferredfromtheendthattheauthorislikelyto________．A．participateinanotherracewithoutanyhesitati

onB．analyzethereasonwhyshefailedintheraceC．loseconfidencecompletelyD．decidewhethersheissuitablefortheraceA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的AsIdroveaway..

.myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。