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第二讲词义猜测题题型1猜测单词类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledash

elfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycre

ativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(

感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclar

e，“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Mistake.B．Drawback.C．Difficulty.D．Bu

rden.[解题思路]第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.②I__ran__the__risk__of_

_losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thinking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答

题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedword...probablymeans____________．(2)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlined

word...?2．“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，thatis(tosay)，inotherwords，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。(2)因果推断法。对生词词义

的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信

息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。题型2猜测短语类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefo

urfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe__water__catcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpa

rtofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofth

ehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticsho

uldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthr

eeinchesabove,thecup.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A．Thetube.B．Thestill.C

．Thehole.D．Thecup.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。To__construct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stic

k__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__four__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B___

_[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Theunderlinedphrase...couldbereplacedby____________．(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase...referto?2．“语境分析”猜短语短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知

”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。3．明晰干扰选项特征短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：(1)短语的字面意思；(2

)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。题型3猜测指代类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ，C)Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,

andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforj

azz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“t

hat”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Th

ejazzaudiencebecominglarger.[解题思路]第一步通读全文，找出代词所在语句It’s__Jason__Moran’s__job__to__help__change__that.第二步试找出该代

词所代替的词语此处changethat可知that代指上文themusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations。尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识

别题干关键(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they...”(inPara...)

refersto____________．2．“就近原则”判指代此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或代动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法：(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this...

)。(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。(3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。题型4猜测句意类[示例](2017·浙江卷，A)Thebrushdidnotlastlong.So

onBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoi

ng.The__cat’s__lot__was__about__to__improve.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawi

ngs.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.Thesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbru

shesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.Hewasamazedatwha

tBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin’sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsent

enceinparagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishome

shortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，并标出文章中与画线句子相关的句子①Before__long,__the__cat__began__to

__look__ragged(蓬乱)．②When__he__went__home,__he__sent__Benjamin__a__box__of__paint__and__some__brushes.第二步对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案由上一段为了制作画笔本杰明剪

猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。尝试解答____D____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpart...?(2)Whatisthei

mpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceabove?(3)WhatcanweinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinPara...?***********

***2．“意义吻合”定句意句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理

的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。[状元技法]顺藤摸瓜——猜测词义类题目1．做此类题目，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，通过构词法、语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文

等线索来确定词义，“顺着”作者的思想、态度去理解，然后“上下取证”看自己的判断是否合乎逻辑或作者的思想等。2．重视并列或转折关系。常见的几种逻辑关系词：but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/ore

lse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand/either...or...3．重视理解说明部分。常见的几种定义或同位关系词：tobedefined

as/tobecalled/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely,[学生用书P47])A(2017·云南高三检测一)Mydoorbellringsat11a．m.O

nthestep,IfindanelderlyChineselady.Sheissmallandslight.Sheholdsapapercarrierbaginherhands.Iknowthislady.Itisbynomeansherfir

stvisit.Herdaughter,Nicole,boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.Nicole,whoiscurrentlyinShanghai,hasapparentlytoldhermotherthatIamh

avingheartsurgeryshortly,andtheresultisthathermotherhasdecidedIneedtobesuppliedwithmeals.Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag—ast

ainlesssteelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp.Thishasbecomeanalmost­dailyoccurrence.Communicationbetweenmybenefactor

(恩人)andmeissomewhathandicappedbythefactthatshedoesn’tspeakEnglishandallIcansayinMandarinis“hello”.Once,shebroughtaniPadandpointedtothescre

en,whichdisplayedamessagefromNicoletellingmethathermotherwantedtoknowifthefoodwasallright.“Yourmotherjustcan’tbebri

ngingmemealslikethisallthetime，”Iprotested.“Icanhardlyreciprocatebycookingsomethingfrommynativeland,likero

astbeeforYorkshirepuddingforher,”Isaid.“Oh,no，”Nicolesaid.“Don’tworryaboutthat.Shehastocookforthefamilyanyway,andshewantstodoitforyou.Youcancallh

erWing,whichishersurname.”ThetenantinmybasementsuiteisauniversitystudentwhospeaksMandarinquitewell,sowithherhelp,IhavefoundoutthatWingis68—13yearsyou

ngerthanIam.Formypart,IwasraisedinwartimeBritain.Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewerera

ised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage.Butthedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarpapercarrierbag,handedsm

ilinglytomebyWing.RightnowIamworkingonsomemoreMandarinwords—it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindne

ss.“Thankyou”is,ofcourse,thefirstone,whichsomehowseemsinadequate.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事，邻居是一位来自中国的老太太，对作者非常关照。1.TheauthorandWinggottokn

oweachother________．A．asnextdoorneighborsB．whenexchangingmealsC．bysharingsimilarexperiencesD．afterusinganiPadtocommunicateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句“Iknowt

hislady...Herdaughter，Nicole，boughtthehousenextdoorlastOctober.”可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。2．Theunderlinedword“reciprocate”in

Paragraph5probablymeans“________”．A．doaswellB．offergenerouslyC．giveinreturnD．acceptwithpleasureC解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Yourmotherjust

can’tbebringingmemealslikethisallthetime”可知作者认为老太太一直对自己那么好，而自己只是做一些本国的食物，是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。3．Theauthor’sefforttolearnMandari

nshowsher________．A．greatsatisfactionB．realkindnessC．heartfeltthanksD．sincerefriendshipC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第

二段中的“it’stheleastIcandoaftersuchadisplayofkindness”可知作者认为学习中文是为了感谢老太太对自己的好。A项意为“极大的满意”；B项意为“真正的友善”；C项意为“衷心的

感谢”；D项意为“真诚的友谊”。B(2017·云南高三检测二)HalfofprimaryschoolswilladoptthetraditionalChinesemethodofmathsteachingi

naGovernmentdrivetostopBritishyoungstersfromfallingbehindtheir__Asian__counterparts．YoungstersintheU．K

.lagwaybehindthoseinChina,SingaporeandJapaninnumeracy(计算能力).InthelatestPISA(ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAs

sessment)testsfor15－year－olds,ShanghaicametopinmathswhiletheU．K.came26th.Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinsteadre

turntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole－classlearning.Primaryschoolchildrenwillbetaught“Shanghaimaths”asBritishschoolscopyChineseteach

ingmethodstoimprovestandards.Sofar140teachershavebeentrainedintheapproach.Currently,classesareoftendiv

idedintogroupsbasedonability.CriticsblametheBritishteachingstylesthatfocusedonapplyingmathstoreal－lifesituations

inanefforttomakethesubjectmoreinteresting.Theysaythishasledtoconfusionandstoppedchildrenlearningthebasics.Under

theGovernment’snewplans,childrenasyoungasfivewillhavedrillstopractisesumsandexercises,andmustmastereachconceptbefo

removingtothenext.NickGibb,theschoolsminister,saidthattrainingwillbeprovidedfor8，000primaryschools—halfthe

country’stotal—toswitchtotheShanghai“mastery”approach.“Weareseeingarenaissance(复兴)inmathsteachinginthiscountry,withgoodideasfro

maroundtheworldhelpingtocheerupourclassrooms，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少

年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。4．Theunderlinedwords“theirAsiancounterparts”inParagraph1referto____________．A．theweakpupilsinAsiaB．they

oungstudentsinAsiaC．theprimaryschoolsinAsiaD．themathsteachersinAsiaB解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Britishyoungsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后

于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是Asianyoungsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选B。5．Whichofthefollowingisanapproachof“Shanghaimaths”？A．Childrencanchoosetolearnwhati

ntereststhem.B．Childrenaregivendifferentworkbasedontheirability.C．Childrenaretaughtingroupsratherthanasanentireclass.D．Childrenarerequ

iredtomasteraconceptbeforetheyprogress.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的．..andmustmastereachconceptbeforemovingtothenext

.可知，“上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选D。6．Recently,someBritishmathsteachershavebeentrainedto_______

_____．A．increasethedifficultylevelB．conduct“child－centred”classesC．guidestudentstorepeatanddrillD．meettheneedsofsmartstudentsC解

析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的Theschoolwillgiveup“child－centred”stylesandinsteadreturntorepetition,drillsand“chalkandtalk”whole－clas

slearning.并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选C。7．WhatisNickGibb’sattitudetowardthenewteachingstyle?A．Supportive.B

．Doubtful.C．Cautious.D．Negative.A解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，NickGibb非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选A。专题强化训练11词义猜测题——猜测单词类/短语类[

学生用书P97(单独成册)]A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,

tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratit

ude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpr

esencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iw

antedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhat

todo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatattheb

edsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewas

bynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.In

mylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebette

r.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B．Hegaveimmediatefi

rstaidtothem.C．Hecametostaywiththem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Wewerethere,asmen

talhealthprofessionals,tooffer‘psychologicalfirstaid’andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他

们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway?A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B．Hewenttoh

isfriend’satonce.C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownth

ereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立

即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutc

osy.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandunhappy.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男

青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意

为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.C．Thefamily

harmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“Inmyl

ife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。B(2017·重庆调研推测二)Asth

eworldbecomesmoreconnected,thenumberofpeoplelivingoutsidetheirhomecountryisontherise.Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirn

ewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurvey.InMalta,warmweathe

randnearnesstoEuropearethebigdrawsforthisMediterraneannation.Theclimateleadstoaslowerpaceoflife.“Someshop

shavea‘siesta’earlyintheafternoon,andmanypeoplenoticeslowserviceattherestaurants，”saidanInterNationsConsulfromRome.“Iremembe

rsittingatatablearound8p．m.onceandleavingatmidnight!Weonlyhadastarterandonemain.”InEcuador,friendlypeople,

affordablehealthcareandtasty,cheapfoodarejustafewreasonsastowhyexpatslovelivinginEcuador.Plus,thecountry’sdiversecitiesgiveexpatsalotofchoices.

“ThebeautyofEcuadoristhevariety，”saidanInterNationsambassador.“ThepeoplewhocometoretireinEcuadoroftenlookforalowercostoflivi

ng,sothecoastline,thesouthernpartofEcuadorandAmbatowillfitthistypeofexpat.Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedo

routgoingexpats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.”Thebiggercitiesdocomeatacost,hewarned,withhigh

erpricesforrentandeatingout.InNewZealand,thecountry’snaturalbeautydrawspeoplefromacrosstheworld,andwitheasyaccesstobothcitiesandbeaches

,expatsusuallyadoptthelocalrelaxedlifestyle.AnInterNationsAmbassadorfromHongKongnotesthatatypicalKiwiworks8：30a．m.to5p．m.,neverove

rtime,andenjoysmealsandweekendactivities,likehouseparties,roadtripsorhiking,withtheirfamily.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人士在新家乡感到

快乐的调查研究。5．WhatisInterNations’surveyfor?A．Tostudywhythenumberofexpatsisontherise.B．Tomakeclearwhattheexactnumberofexpatsis.C．Tolookintohowexpatsado

ptedtheirnewhometown.D．Todiscoverwhatpleasesexpatsintheiradoptedcountries.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句Tofindoutwhat

makesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsid

ersurvey.可知，InterNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“siesta”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sale.B．Break.C

．Promotion.D．Exhibition.B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slowerpaceoflife”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选

B。7．WhatdoweknowabouttheexpatstoEcuador?A．RichexpatswouldliketoliveinAmbato.B．Alltheexpatslovethelowercostofliving.C．O

utgoingexpatsarelikelytochooseCuenca.D．Thebiggercitiesarethebestchoicesforpoorexpats.C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句Inthecaseofbusiness－mi

ndedoroutgoingexpats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。8．Expatscho

oseNewZealandbecauseofits____________．A．specialclimateB．typicalanimalsC．naturalbeautyD．fastpaceoflifeC解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。C(2017·

银川4月检测)Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabl

etositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingw

ithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartand

thatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopush

thebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon’tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn­outincreasesinbloodpressurecan

causelong­termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don’tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourle

gsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRich

ardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyo

ufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins__and__needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,re

peatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfin

thehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.[解

题导语]本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。9．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossin

gone’slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.C．Itcandoharmtopeople’shealth.D

．Itcanmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedov

ertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。10．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscro

ssedcan________．A．affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionofl

egsA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincrea

seyourbloodpressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。11．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans“________”．A．slightlysharppain

sB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．beinghighlyflexibleA解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryp

aralysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感

；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．Togivereadersso

meadvice.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.B解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不

要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。专题强化训练12词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用书P99(单独成册)]A(2017·广州检测)Weallknowthefeeling:lookingatthecomputerscreen,pr

etendingtobeinterestedinourhomework,eventhoughwereallyfeelbored.Butsuchfeelingsmaysoonbeatanend,saysDr.HarryWitchel,headoftheEssexMedicalS

chool.Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefuturewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．Beforeyougetconcerned,themachinewon’tber

eadingyourmind.Itwillbeobservingthemanymovementsyoumakewhileusingacomputer.It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachin

e—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.Witchelcallsthese

“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement!Totesthistheory,

Witchelinvited27peopletoperformvariouscomputer－basedtasks.Theactivitiesrangedfromplayingonlinegames(aninterestin

gtask)toreadingdocumentslikegovernmentlawsthatmostpeoplewouldfindboring.Aspecialvideocamerafollowedthepartic

ipants’movementsastheycompletedeachtask.Justastheresearcherexpected,the“boredommovements”greatlydecrea

sed,byasmuchas42%,whenthesubjectswereveryinterestedinwhattheywerereadingorseeing.Fortunately,Dr.Witchelisn’tplanningtousehisresultstocreat

emachinesthatreportstudentswhoarenotpayingattentionatschool.Instead,hewants“movementsensing”technologytobebuiltintofutu

recomputersinordertoimprovestudents’computer－basedlearningexperience.Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents

’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeepstudentsfocused.Witchelalsobel

ievesthatthetechnologycanprovidefilmmakerswithhonestaudienceopinionsandinthefuture,helptodevelopmoreintelligentrobots.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。Wit

chel博士所做的一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“

it”inParagraph1referto?A．Homework.B．Acomputer.C．Boredom.D．Thefuture.C解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefuturew

illnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。2．WhydidDr.Witchelcarryouth

isresearch?A．Todiscoverhowboredpeoplemove.B．Tofindoutwhatmakespeoplebored.C．Toseeifinterestedpeoplearem

oreactive.D．Totestthelinkbetweenboredomandmovement.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements”ands

aystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement！

可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。3．WhichmovementwouldWitchel’stechnologymostlikelypayattentionto?A．Turningoffthemachine.B．Ty

pingwordsonakeyboard.C．Surfingquicklybetweenwebpages.D．Movingone’sheadfromsidetoside.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtouset

hemachine—likemovingamouseortouchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface

.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故选D。4．Howwillthenewtechnologyhelpeducation,accordingtoWitchel?A．Byreducingteacher

s’workload.B．Bymaintainingstudents’learninginterest.C．Byreportingstudents’misbehaviorinclass.D．Bymakinglearning

morelikeacomputergame.B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educator

swillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeepstudentsfocused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。B(2017·河南实验中学模拟)ThepoliceinTaiwanar

eunabletojudgewhethertotreatitasanextremelycleveractofstealingoranevencleverercheat.Eitherway,itcouldbetheperfectcrime,becausethecrimina

lsarebirds—homingpigeons!Thecrimebeginswithatelephonemessagetotheownerofastolencar:Ifyouwantthecarback,p

ayup.Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytotheneckofthepigeoninside.Carryingthemoneyinatiny

bag,thepigeonfliesoff.Therehavebeenatleastfoursuchpigeonpick－upsinChangwa.Whatatfirstseemedliketheworkofacleverstay－at－homecarthie

f,however,mayinfactbetheworkofanevenlazierandmoreinventivecriminalmind—onethatavoidsnotonlycollectingmoneybu

talsogoingouttostealthecarinthefirstplace.PoliceofficerChensaysthatthecriminalprobablyhaspulledadoubletrick:Hegets

moneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.Insteadofstealingcars,heletssomeoneelsedoitandthenwaitsforthecar－ownertoplac

eanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.Thetheoryissupportedbythefactthat,sofar,noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturned.Also,

theamountofmoneydemanded—under3，000Taiwandollars—seemstoolittleforacarworthmanytimesmore.Demandsforpigeon－deliveredmoneystopp

edassoonasthepressreportedthestory.Andeveniftheystartagain,Chenholdslittlehopeofcatchingthecriminal.“Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo，

”hesaid.[解题导语]本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。5．Afterthecar－ownerreceivedaphonec

all,he________．A．wenttoacertainpigeonandputsomemoneyinthebagitcarriedB．gavethemoneytothethiefandhadhiscarbackinaparkC．sentsomemoneytothet

hiefbymailD．toldthepressaboutitA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then,thecarownerisdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoat

tachmoneytotheneckofthepigeoninside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A项。6．Thewritermentionsthefactthat“noneofthestole

ncarshavebeenreturned”toshow________．A．howeasilypeoplegetfooledbycriminalsB．whatChenthinksmightbecorrect

C．thethiefisextremelycleverD．themoneypaidistoolittleB解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.可知，警察认为那

些丢车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。7．Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto____________．A．criminalsB．pigeonsC．thestolencars

D．demandsformoneyD解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demandsforpigeon－deliveredmoney。故选D项。8．Wemayinfer

thatthecriminalknowshowtoreachthecar－ownersbecause____________．A．hereadstheadsinthenewspaperB．helivesinthesameneighborhoodC．hehasseenthecar－owners

intheparkD．hehastrainedthepigeonstofollowthemA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．..waitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然

后找到丢车的人。故选A项。C(2017·山西省际名校联考)ThistimelastyearIenteredtwolong-distancemass-participationswimmingevents,includingtheJubileeRiver10kmswim.Atthelastminut

e,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.Lastyear,beforethetwoevents,Irealizedtha

tIcouldn’tdealwithcominglast.Ihadlookedattheswimtimesofthosewhohadcompletedthepreviousyearandcalculatedthat,atmycurrentswi

mpace,Iwouldprobablyhavecomelastinboth.Ijustcouldn’tfaceit.Butwhennextyearcamearound,Idecidedtoenterthosesameeventsagain.

Forafewmonths,Itrainedhard,butIdidn’tgetanyfaster.ThenitwasJune5,thedayoftheJubileeRiver10km.Theeventstartedat9：30a．m.,andtheswimmerswereanxiousand

eagertostart.AsIswamalong,theriverwasquietandcleanandeverythingwaspeaceful.Thesunshone.Meadows(草地)rolledbyandeverynowandthensomeonewouldwaveatthescen

eunfoldinginthewater.Asthedayworeon,somehowIdidn’tmindthat,predictably,almosteveryonewasahead.Therewereatleastsomes

wimmersstillnearme,andalthoughwesharedthesameriverwequietlyoccupiedourownspaces.AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,t

hebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.Intheend,fourhoursand29minutesafterI’dstar

ted,Istaggered(摇摇晃晃地走)outofthewaterandwasgreetedwithasmileanda“welldone”fromtheraceorganizer.Iglancedbackovermysho

uldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitd

idn’tmatter.I__was__just__relieved,__proud__and__happy__to__finish.AsIdroveaway,mythoughtsturnedtomynextlon

graceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit,myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．[解题导语]作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比

赛的过程。9．Theauthorintendedtoquitswimmingmainlybecause________．A．shefearedthatshecouldn’tfinishthetworacesB．shewasafraidthatshewouldletfa

milymembersdownC．shewasunwillingtoacceptthepossibilityoffinishinglastD．shewasn’tfullypreparedforthetworacesC解析：细节理解题。根据

第一段的Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.可知，是因为她不愿

意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。10．Theauthorhopestoconveythemessagethat________．A．nevergiveupwhenfacingchallengesB．itisprocessthatmattersmostC．fail

ureisthemotherofsuccessD．winnersalwaystakeitallB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,

thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthefifthpa

ragraph?A．Shetookprideinleavingalltheotherswimmersbehind.B．Shewasproudthatshewasnotthelastoneintherace.C．Shewasgladtofinishtheraceandh

adasenseofrelief.D．Shewasproudtobepraisedbytheorganizer.C解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthatth

erewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一

种欣慰感。故选C。12．Itcanbeinferredfromtheendthattheauthorislikelyto________．A．participateinanotherracewithoutanyhesitationB．analyzethereasonwhyshefaile

dintheraceC．loseconfidencecompletelyD．decidewhethersheissuitablefortheraceA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的AsIdroveaway.

..myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。