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第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecup

s.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75­yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedoutth

erubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictu

reShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary­eyedaudiencewanting

tosaygood­byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinas

malltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.7．Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A．Theyaredisappoint

edwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．Theyareeagertohaveashoppingc

enter.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyed__audiencewantingtosaygood-byetothe

oldbuilding.的关键信息来推断答案。第二步根据该题选项特点找到teary-eyed与sad相呼应，good­bye与part相呼应。尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Itcanb

einferredfromthepassagethat________．(2)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(3)Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat________．(4)Thewriterimplies

butnotdirectlystatesthat________．2．“逻辑关联”得结论(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。(2)整合全文或全段信息，进行综合判断，确定最佳选项。

(3)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好做出判断。题型2目的意图类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅲ，C)Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvan

tageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithasca

ughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoften

taste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneye

openertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial,i

t’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.

OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltog

rowit,soit’sa__pipe__dreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhicho

neswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.Appl

eDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园)．Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperie

nce,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.11．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwriting

thetext?A．Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C．Tohelppeopleselectapples.D．Topromoteappleresearch.[解题思路]第一步速读文

章，试找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词关键词句：If__you__are__a__fruit__grower—or__would__like__to__become__one—take__advanta

ge__of__Apple__Day__to__see__what’s__around.第二步与选项进行对比，得出答案尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whatisthemainpu

rposeofthepassage?(2)Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________．(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________．2．“文体特点”求突破(1)记叙文：一般会在

首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题

句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。题型3观点态度类[示例](2015·全国卷Ⅰ，B)ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter，s

owhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota，Florida，mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine.”Ileftforthelandofwarmthan

dvitaminC(维生素C)，thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair，Isentupasmallprayero

fgratefulness.Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytas

te，dulledbymonthsofcold­weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a．m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake­upcall.Thema

rket，whichwasfoundedin1979，setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a．m.to1p．m.，rainorshine，alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsof

perfectredstrawberries；thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck；andmostofall，thetomatoes：amazing，large，softandroundredtomatoes.Disappoint

edbymanyabroken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise，I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore，onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfa

ilinglydry，hard，andtasteless.ButIhomedin，withuncertainty，ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand，fulloffreshandsofttomatoest

hesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdeal—andatthatmoment，IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhom

einNewYorkIwouldn’tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveF

armisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtoha

vedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu，IknewI’dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.24．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhe

rwinterlifeinNewYork?A．Exciting.B．Boring.C．Relaxing.D．Annoying.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词由第一段ThefreezingNorthea

sthasn’t__been__a__terribly__fun__placetospendtimethiswinter，so...第二步结合选项，进行合理推断尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)What’sthewriter’sattitudet

owards...?(2)Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?(3)Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?2．“忠于措辞”定选项文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，

注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积

累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。3．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthu

siastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。题型4文章出处或读者对象类[示例](

安徽卷，A)PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy！Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?Do

youavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdon’tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandpersonalrobot.Mr.Hca

nbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround，puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed

.Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures(特点)：·weighsonly500grams·includeslong-lastingbatteries·comeswitha5-yearguarantee·rememberssimpleinstructions

Originally(最初)soldfor$499NOWONLY$299BUYNOWWATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforord

inarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL►actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.►givesyouadailyweatherfo

recast.►remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.►setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear.Besides，yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyo

uthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation，clickhere.59．Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindt

hetwotexts?A．Onanoticeboard.B．Inacompanybrochure.C．Onateenagewebsite.D．Inacollegenewspaper.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇①BUY_

_NOW②For__further__information,__click__here第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Thepassagewou

ldprobablybefoundin________．(2)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom/outof________．(3)Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?2．“专用

词汇”做判断考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。[状元技法]推理判断

题解题三技巧1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2．整合全文信息进行推断。在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，严格根据文章中所陈述的事

实、论点等系列材料，综合起来去推理判断。3．利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。在把握主旨大意的基础上利用文章的语境褒贬性对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。,[学生用书P50])A(2017·湖北武汉高三调研)IfeltlikeIh

adclickedmyheelsthreetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAuss

ieaccentsandAboriginalartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee，apublicaffairsunpaidintern(实习生)forthreem

onthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring.During

thesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdayandlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosst

heplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPowerPointpresentationforschoolki

dswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon，IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatI

coulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisitors’guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheA

ustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmericanamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,Ifeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandr

ecordingdoorstopinterviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotop­secretinformation,butyouare

ontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone’sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhiles

pendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历

。1．Whatistheauthortalkingabout?A．Herembassyinternship.B．Hertroubleinfindingajob.C．Herforeigncultureexperience.D．Herpreparationforfutureemploymen

t.A解析：主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。2．WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemon

ths?A．Toapplyforavisa.B．TopreparetostudyinAustralia.C．TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.D．ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.B解析：细节理解题

。根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故

答案为B。3．WhatwastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?A．Recorddoorstopinterviews.B．Knowtop-secretinformation.C．Takepi

cturesofspecialevents.D．StandamongtheAustralianstaff.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformatio

n”可知，实习生不会接触到绝密信息，故选B。4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?A．Itistiring.B．Itisboring.C．It

isexciting.D．Itisrelaxing.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“Themostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述

是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的。B(2017·陕西高三教学质量检测)Oursuccess，satisfactionandgeneralhappinessinlifeisnotdependentonwhathappenstousbuthowwedealwithit

.Youwillprobablyknowfrompersonalexperiencewhatadifferenceyourattitudecanmakewhen，forexample，you’reret

urningfaultygoodsormakingacomplaint.Anopen,politeandfriendlyapproach，expectingasatisfactoryresult，normallyre

sultsinoneaspeopletendtorespondwithasimilarattitude.If，however，youpresentanargumentwithanangry，accusingtone，expectingtrouble，the

reislittledoubtthatthisiswhatyou’llget!Somepeopleseetheworldthroughafilterofoptimismandsomethroughafilterofpessimism(悲观)whichlargel

ycomesdowntohavingapositiveornegative(消极的)attitude.Peoplewhoaresufferingfromanegativeattitudeprimarilythinkthatsomethingcan’tbed

one；theytalkaboutproblems,seeallthedifficulties，findfaultwithandcriticizeotherpeopleandfocusonallthethi

ngstheywouldlikebuthaven’tgot.Onthecontrary，peopleblessedwithapositiveattitudethinkthatanythingispossible.Theylookforwaystosolvetheproblems,theyseeth

egoodineverybody，andtheyaregratefulforallthegoodthingsintheirlives.Whethersufferingfromorblessedwithyourattitude，thisisnotsomethingthatisp

utonusfromtheoutside.Weareverymuchresponsibleforourownattitude.Weallstartoutwitha“clean”boardbutthiscangetmuddiedby

ourexperiencesinlife.Aschildrenwearemadefunofandevengetbullied(欺侮)andrejected，starttoexperiencedoubtandloseourself­confidence.Ifthiscontinuesintoa

dulthood，itcanresultinabadattitudeinlaterlife.[解题导语]本文展现出了积极的人生态度的重要性。5．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatpeoplearelikelyto

treatothers__________．A．thewaytheyaretreatedB．betterwhentheyaresatisfiedC．worsewhentheyareintroubleD．thewayt

heyconsiderappropriateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“aspeopletendtorespondwithasimilarattitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你。6．Accor

dingtothewriter，whataffectspeople’slifeattitude?A．Thesituationtheyface.B．Thepeoplearoundthem.C．Theirexpectationsoflife.D．Thewaytheyview

theworld.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段中的“Wearevery...Weallstartoutwitha‘clean’boardbutthiscangetmuddiedbyourexperiencesinlife.”可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们

对事物的态度，人们的人生经历对人生态度又有影响，故选D。7．Whatisthepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowhowtoavoidanegativeattit

ude.B．Toshowtheimportanceofapositiveattitude.C．Tosharehispositiveattitudewithhisreaders.D．Todescribetheeffectsofanegativeattitude

.B解析：写作意图题。根据第一段并结合全文的内容可推知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性。专题强化训练13推理判断题——逻辑推断类/目的意图类[学生用书P101(单独成册)]A(2017·东北三省四市高考模

拟)AshersonCameronsitsathislaptopcompletingataskforhismathdegreecourse,AlisonThompson,afull­timemum,isbusyhelpingherdaughterEmma(twoyearsyounger

thanCameron)getdressed.WhilehelphasalwaysbeenavailableforEmma,AlisonandherhusbandalsohavetofighttogetCa

meronthesupportheneeds.“PeoplecouldseethatEmmahasspecialneedsbutbecauseCameronwasdoingsowellatschool,histe

achersneverthoughttherewasaproblemwithhim，”saysAlison.IttookAlisonandherhusbandawhiletorealizetheirsonwasdifferent.Cameron’sabilitydidn’tbecomeclear

untilhebeganprimaryschool.Onceheevencorrectedtheteacherwhenshetoldtheclassthatzerowasthelowestnumber.Camerontoldhershewaswrongbec

ausetherewerenegativenumbers(负数).Hewasfouratthetime.Now14-year-oldCameronisatsecondaryschool,studyingfo

radistancelearningmathdegreewiththeOpenUniversity,having__sailed__through__his__GCSEat11andhisA­levelat12,achievingtopgrade

s.Bethany,anotherdaughterofAlison,isbrighttoobutnotgifted.Sheistheonewhowillremindabsent-mindedCamerontoput

onhiscoat.Shealsohelpshimoutinsocialsituations.Emmaattendsaspecialistschoolandthefamilyisquicktocelebratehersuccessestoo.“Theotherdays

hedidupthebuttonsonhercoat,whichwasrealprogress，”Alisonsays.LatelastyeartheThompsonstookpartinatelevisiondocumentary(纪录片

)toprovethatnotallgiftedchildrenaretheresultofextremelyambitiousparents.Giftedchildrenneedsupporttooandtheirlivesdon’thavetob

ethatdifferent.Cameronisanexample.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此。1．WhatdoesParagraph1indicate?A．Came

ronhelpsEmmawithhermathtasks.B．TeachersatschoolignoredEmma’sproblems.C．BothCameronandEmmaneedparentalsupport.D．Thecoupleoftenhavefightsbecauseo

fCameron.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“WhilehelphasalwaysbeenavailableforEmma,AlisonandherhusbandalsohavetofighttogetCame

ronthesupportheneeds.”可知，Emma和Cameron都需要父母的支持，故C项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havingsailedthroughhisGCSE”probablymean?A．HavingpassedhisGCSEeasi

ly.B．HavingtakenhisGCSEseriously.C．HavingworkedhardathisGCSE.D．HavingsufferedalotfromhisGCSE.A解析：词义猜测题。根据文章画线短语后的“at11andhisA-levelat12,achieving

topgrades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCSE考试，在12岁则通过了A­level阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”。3．Thereare________peopleinM

rs.Thompson’sfamily.A．threeB．fourC．fiveD．sixC解析：细节理解题。文章提到了Thompson夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人。4．Whatcanbeconcludedfro

mthepassage?A．Emmahaslearnedtotakegoodcareofherself.B．Cameronshowedhisgiftsbeforeprimaryschool.C．Thechildren

ofthefamilyarebrightandgifted.D．Giftedkidsarenotsodifferentaspeopleexpect.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Giftedchildrenneedsupporttoo

andtheirlivesdon’thavetobethatdifferent.”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项。B(2017·烟台诊断)Inanefforttodiscourag

epeoplefromusingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.Fromwaterbottlesmad

efromseaweedtocutlery(餐具)madefromriceandwheat,anumberofinventionsaresettochangethewayweeatwhileweareonthego,orhavingarelaxingpicnicinthepark.Theide

aofusingseaweedtomakeeco­friendly(环保的)waterbottleshasbeenaroundforafewyears.Recently,AriJonssontookhisinvention—awater

bottlemadefromredseaweed—toshowoffatafestival.Thebottleswillonlyholdtheirshapeaslongastheyarefilled.Assoonasthesebottle

sareemptytheywillbegintobreakdown,thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat.AriJonsson’sbottlesareastepclosertoawidelyusedalternativetothecurr

entplasticones.Theeatablewatercontainerisnottheonlyproducttoaddtoourimageofthefuture.NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.Af

terthesuccessofhisspoons,Mr.Pessapatyisreadytoexpandandintroduceforksandchopstickstohismenu.Hisaimistolargelyreducetheamountofplasticwast

e,whichisahugeproblemforwastesitesallovertheworld.Itisaproductthatmaytakeupto500yearstobreakdown,andrecyclingcompani

esworldwidearestrugglingtodealwithit.Asidefromtheobviousbenefitstotheenvironment,thisnewpackagingisals

ocheaptoproduceandthereforecheaptobuy.Evenbetteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,possiblyascienceprojectforchildreno

rjustfunwithfriends.Whynotgetexperimentingandcreateyourownrecipes?[解题导语]为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。5．Whydoscient

istsinventalternativepackagingproducts?A．Tomakepeople’slifemoreconvenient.B．Toreducetheamountofplasticwaste.C．Tochan

gethewaywepicnicoutside.D．Toshowofftheirinventivetalents.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefro

musingplastics...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。6．WhatmakesAriJonsson’swaterbottleseco-friendly?A．Theycanbemadeathome.B．Theyarecheaptoprodu

ceandbuy.C．Theywillholdtheirshapewhentheyarefilled.D．Theywillbreakdownthemselveswhenempty.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Assoonasthesebottlesareempty

theywillbegintobreakdown...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。7．WhatdoAriandNarayana’sinventionshaveincommon?A

．Theyareconvenienttocarry.B．Theyaresafetoeat.C．Theycanbeusedforashorttime.D．Theyareheavierthanplastic

s.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“...thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat”及第三段第二句“NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食

用的。故选B项。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．Home­madeeatablecutleryislikelytobepopular.B．Eatablecutlerywillcompletelyreplaceplasticsi

nthenearfuture.C．Norecyclingcompaniescanbreakdownplasticwaste.D．It’sunsafeforindividualstoinventeatablecutleryathome.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“

Evenbetteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,possiblyascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自

制，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。C(2017·太原二模)“Stopalltherushingandscreaming:toomuchexcitementisbadforfamilies.Kids

aremissingoutonanessentiallife—relaxeddowntime，”saysDr.CharlotteReznick.“Parentswork,andkidsdoscheduledactivities—there’slittlefamily

timewithoutpressure，”saysReznick.“Oneparentistakingthesontoasoccergame,andtheotherparentistakingthedaughtert

oherswimmeet.Thenthere’stheartclass,baseballpractice,extratutoring,andmore!Bythetimethefamilymeetupfor

dinner,everyoneisexhausted.”Alltherushingmakesforashorttemper.“Whenparentsarereducedtoshoutingattheirchildrentogetth

emtolisten,theylowertheirownself­esteemaswellaslosingtherespectoftheirchildren，”saysDr.CarlPickhardt.“Whi

leparentsthinkitshowsthey’reseriousaboutwhatthey’resaying,theyarereallyjustshowinghelplessdesperationa

tnotgettingtheirway.”Thesedayswhatkidsarelearningatschoolandfromtheoutsideisalotgreaterthanitusedtobeevenjustagenerationago.“Thepr

oblemisthatstressrelievingactivities—reading,takingwalksorhotbaths,watchingthesunsetandotheractivitiesarenotevenpartofmostkids’expe

rienceanymore，”saysReznick.“Therearesomanymoresocialinteractionopportunitiesinourcomputerage,butnotallofthempromotemeaningfulconne

ctions,whichisanotherpotentialoutletforstress，”shesays.Onewaytorelievestressisasimpletechniquecalled“theballoonbreath”.It’s

agreatwayforeveryonetobecomecalmsothattheycanrespondthoughtfullyratherthanjustreact.Here’showtodoit.Imagineadeflated(未充气的)ballooninyourstomach—about

twotothreeinchesbelowyournavel(肚脐).Slowlybreatheintoacountof1...2...3...andfeelthelowerbellyexpand,andfla

ttenasyouslowlybreatheouttoacountof1...2...3...[解题导语]本文主要讲述了如何缓解孩子们的压力。9．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Kidscanhardlyenjoyfamil

ytimeduetoheavyburdens.B．Saturdayistheonlyleisurelydayoftheweekforkids.C．Thelifeofkidsisbecomingrichduetoextraclasses.D．Parentshavenot

imeonweekendstocarefortheirkids.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Bythetimethefamilymeetupfordinner,everyoneisexhausted.”和本段的整体内容可推知，如今孩子们的负担沉重，几乎无法享受

家庭时间，故选A。10．WhatdoesDr.CarlPickhardtthinkofparentswhentheyyell?A．Theyhavenoself­confidence.B．Theytake

whattheysayseriously.C．Theyarealwaysbehavinglikechildren.D．Theyarelessrespectedandseemdesperate.D解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段的“losingtherespectoftheirchildren”和最后一句“Whileparentsthinkitshowsthey’reseriousaboutwhatthey’resaying,theyarereallyjus

tshowinghelplessdesperationatnotgettingtheirway.”可知，Dr.CarlPickhardt认为，父母在大吼大叫时，孩子们对他们的尊重会减少，也显示出父母无助的绝望，故选D。11．Whatisthefunctionof“theballoonbreath

”accordingtotheseventhparagraph?A．Tomakeonecooldown.B．Totestone’spatience.C．Toraiseone’sawareness.D．Tofillaballoonwithair.A解析：细节理解

题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“It’sagreatwayforeveryonetobecomecalmsothattheycanrespondthoughtfullyratherthanjustreact.”可知，这种方法的作用是使人们冷静下来，故选A。12．Whatisthepurposeo

ftheauthorwritingthispassage?A．Totelleducatorstobepatient.B．Toadviseparentsnottomakelifetoostressfulforkids.C．Toencouragekidstopursu

ecreativity.D．Toshowthatkidsneedpatienceandlovefromtheirparents.B解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是如何缓解孩子们的重压，这是给父母提出的建议

，故选B。专题强化训练14推理判断题——观点态度类/文章出处类[学生用书P103(单独成册)]A(2017·河南开封一模)AccordingtotheGlobalTimes,itisreportedthattwoonlinevid

eosshowingchildrentellingtheirparents“Iloveyou”havegoneviralinChina.Thefirst,filmedbyanAnhuiTVstation,showsanumberofcollege

studentstellingtheirparentstheylovethem.Theresponsesaremixed.“Areyoudrunk？”askedoneparent.Inanothersimilarvideo,shotbyaShanxiTVstation,afatherre

spondedevenlesspatiently—“I’mgoingtoameeting,socutthecrap.”Whydon’tChinesefamiliesusethosewords?TheoriesrevolvearoundthenatureofConfucianteaching.

“Theparents’responsesshowthatmanyChinesearenotgoodatexpressingpositiveemotions，”XiaXueluan,asociologistf

romPekingUniversity,toldtheGlobalTimes.“Theyareusedtoeducatingchildrenwithnegativelanguage.”Thisisn’tthefirsttimethatChinahasdonesomesoul­sear

chingaboutfamiliallove—lastyearChinaDailyaskedacross­sectionofpeopleiftheysaid“Iloveyou”totheirparents，spouses,andchildren.“Ihaveneversaid‘Iloveyou

’tomyfamily,andIdon’tthinkIwillinthefuture，”one56­year­oldmantoldthepaper.“Sayingitaloudisembarrassingform

e.”Still,thatdoesn’tmeanthatlovecan’tbeexpressed.Inaseparatearticle,ChinaDailyspoketoZhaoMengmeng,a31­year­oldwomanwhosaidshehadneve

rtoldherfathershelovedhimface­to­face(“Ifinditabitodd”).Sometimesactionsspeaklouderthanwords.Zhaogaveherfatheraphotoalbumfea

turingphotographsofthemtogetheronalmosteveryoneofherbirthdaysinJune2012.Thepictureswentviralonline,beingforw

ardedhundredsofthousandsoftimesonWeibo.“Ididn’tsleepthenightIheardaboutit，”herfathertoldChinaDailyafterthestoryattractedmainstreamattention.“Ihavenow

memorizedsomeofthecommentsonthecollectionofpictures.”[解题导语]中国人一直以含蓄著称，这一特点在向家人表达爱时也不例外。近来，两段视频引起了轰动，文章对此作了介绍。作者运用大量例子解

释了中国人为什么不直接说“我爱你”，并列举了其独特的表达方式。1．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．ItisnotdirectforChinesefamiliestosay“Iloveyou”．B．Chinesepa

rentsaretooproudtoexpress“Iloveyou”．C．Chineseparentsaregoodatexpressingpositiveemotions.D．YoungparentsinChinaarewillingtoexpress“Iloveyou”．A解析：推理判

断题。文章第三段引入一位被采访者的观点：Sayingitaloudisembarrassingforme.，下一段介绍了中国人对父母表达爱的特点：Sometimesactionsspeaklouderthanwords.，即用行动而不是语言来向父母表达自己的爱，并列举事例进

行证明。由此可推断，中国人通常不会向家人直接表达爱。故选A项。2．Whydon’tChineseparentsexpress“Iloveyou”totheirchildren?A．Becausetheycan’t

expressit.B．Becausetheyarenotinthehabitofexpressingso.C．Becausetheythinkitunnecessary.D．Becausetheythinkitshouldbedoneonlyamong

youngcouples.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Ihaveneversaid‘Iloveyou’tomyfamily,andIdon’tthinkIwillinthefuture，”one56­year­

oldmantoldthepaper.“Sayingitaloudisembarrassingforme.”可知，中国的父母不习惯这样表达。3．ZhaoMengmengexpressed“Iloveyou”toherfatherby________．A．

givinghimanalbumcontainingtheirphotosB．kissingherfather’sfaceandtellinghimbywordsC．speakingitoutbravelyinaTV

programD．writingoutthethreewordsinaletterA解析：细节理解题。题干关键信息为ZhaoMengmeng，根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句Zhaogaveherfatheraphotoalbumfeaturingphotographs

ofthemtogetheronalmosteveryoneofherbirthdays...可知，赵萌萌送给爸爸一个相册，里面是他们的照片，以此来表达对父亲的爱。故选A项。4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardthest

atementsabout“Iloveyou”？A．Opposed.B．Objective.C．Critical.D．Indifferent.B解析：推理判断题。作者通过随机调查告诉我们，中国人为什么不习惯对家人说“Iloveyou”，在分析完原因后，又通过具体的例子告诉我们中国人如何用一种含蓄的

方式向家人表达爱。所有这些，作者只是在客观描述，没有添加自己的感情倾向。故选B项，objective意为“客观的”。B(2017·福建泉州检测)Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddis

advantagesofreadingahard-copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemis,manyofusrefusetolisten.Don’tgetme

wrong:Digitalreadinghassomerealadvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandov

eragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：e­bookstendtobecheaper.There’salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!Yetthesoundnessofthis

caseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuilde­readersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingf

ans.Andremember,treesarearenewableresource.Then,there’stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenr

eadingbothforpleasureandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfrommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic(美学的

).Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofannotation(“Icanwriteonthepages”),andnavigation(“easytolocatewhereIwas”).Meanw

hile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain(眼疲劳)andheadacheswhenusingscreens.Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadi

ngprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it’seasiertofocus”.Somealsoacknowledgedtheytookmoretimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.Butwhatmakesthefa

ilureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidtheyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternet

connection,it’shardtoresistthetemptation(诱惑)．Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon’tthreatenyourenjoymentorunderstanding

ofatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldacci?Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,therewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon’texpecttou

nderstandJoyce’snovelsthisway.[解题导语]文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书有愈来愈替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。5．Whati

sanadvantageofreadingahard­copybook?A．Itischeaper.B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.C．Ithelpspeoplethinkdeeper.D．Itprovidesinstantinformation.C解析

：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。6．What’sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?A．Environmentalconcern.B．Physicaldiscomfo

rt.C．Lackofconcentration.D．Internetconnection.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadin

gisconcentration.可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。故选C项。7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowarde­reading?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Optimistic.D．Unconcerned.B解析：推理判断题

。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。8．

Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.B．Byprovidingtypicalexamples.C．Bylisting

practicalsuggestions.D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.D解析：推理判断题。文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书

的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。故选D项。C(2017·辽宁重点高中第三次联考)Thosewhoclaimbananasarefatteningarguethatbananascausethebodytomakelotsofinsulin(胰岛素),andinsu

lincausesfatgrowth.Howmuchinsulinweproduceisrelatedtohowfastfoodbecomessugarinourbloodstream.Howcanyouknow

iffoodmakesalotofsugarquickly?Theglycemicindex(血糖指数),orGIratingtellsus.FoodswithGIscoresabove75areconsideredhig

h-GIfoods,leadingtofastersugardevelopment.BananashaveaGIof62,whichisconsideredlow.Weightlosscanbeastrugglef

oranyone,butitisespeciallyhardfordiabetics(糖尿病患者).Astudylookedathowthestarchfromunripebananasaffectedtheweight

ofagroupofobesediabetics.Afterfourweeksofadiethighinbananas,diabeticslostsignificantlymoreweightthanonacontroldiet.Theyalsosawimprove

mentsininsulinsensitivityfromthebananadiet.What’smore,bananashavebeenshowntocutrisksofstrokes,diabetesandcancers(Banana

sarethemostpowerfulfruitforloweringtheriskofkidneycancer.).Bananasarealsoarichsourceoffiber,whichhasbeenshowntohelpweightloss.Bananastha

tstillhavesomegreenontheskinareevenhigherinfiber.Skinsfromgreenbananascanbetakenand,afterremovingthestemanddarktip,cut

intosmallpieces2－3incheslongand1/2inchwide.Thesepiecescanbemadeintoateaoraddedtoadish.Whenyoueattheskins,besureyou

areeatingorganicbananas.Thefleshofregularbananasislowinpesticides,buttheskinsarenot.[解题导语]本文反驳了“吃香蕉会使人

发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。9．WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromParagraphs1&2?A．Bananasarelikelytomakepeoplefat.B．In

sulindeterminestheamountofsugar.C．Low­GIfoodscanturnintosugarmoreslowly.D．Thefasterthefoodbecomessugar,thelessinsulin.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Howcany

ouknowiffoodmakesalotofsugarquickly?Theglycemicindex(血糖指数)．..fastersugardevelopment.”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更

快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。10．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutbananas?A．Includingbananasindietsisgoodforhealth.B．Bananascancurepeoplesufferi

ngkidneycancer.C．Eatingorganicbananascanprotectpeoplefromstrokes.D．Bananas’abundantfiberimprovesinsulinsensitivity.A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“.

..diabeticslostsignificantlymoreweightthanonacontroldiet.Theyalsosawimprovementsininsulinsensitivityfromthebananadi

et.”及第四段的“bananashavebeenshowntocutrisksofstrokes,diabetesandcancers...weightloss.”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论

：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。11．Whatisdiscussedinthelastparagraph?A．Theuseofbananaskins.B．Thebenefitsofbananaskin

s.C．Theimportanceofbananaskins.D．Thewaysofchoosingorganicbananas.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“canbemadeintoateaoraddedtoadish”可知，本段主

要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A．Education.B．Health.C．Culture.D．Science.B解析：推理判断题

。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。