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第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，B)MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweep

inguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75­yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecl

eanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebu

ilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mos

tofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary­eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood­byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechoset

hemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.7．

Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A．TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.B．Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C．Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D．T

heyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary

-eyed__audiencewantingtosaygood-byetotheoldbuilding.的关键信息来推断答案。第二步根据该题选项特点找到teary-eyed与sad相呼应，good­bye与part相呼应。尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识

别题干关键(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．(2)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．(3)Theauthorstrongly

suggeststhat________．(4)Thewriterimpliesbutnotdirectlystatesthat________．2．“逻辑关联”得结论(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。(2)整合全文或全

段信息，进行综合判断，确定最佳选项。(3)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好做出判断。题型2目的意图类[示例](2016·全国卷Ⅲ，C)Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwould

liketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth

.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetos

ee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalG

alainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttast

eofanythingspecial,it’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelop

edtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’lln

eedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sa__pipe__dreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhi

choneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunan

dgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园)．Ifyouwanttohave

arealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.11．Whatistheauthor’spurpo

seinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C．Tohelppeopleselectapples.D．Topromoteap

pleresearch.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，试找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词关键词句：If__you__are__a__fruit__grower—or__would__like__to__become__one—take__advan

tage__of__Apple__Day__to__see__what’s__around.第二步与选项进行对比，得出答案尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(2)Thewriterofthestor

ywantstotellusthat________．(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________．2．“文体特点”求突破(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的

叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行

论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。题型3观点态度类[示例](2015·全国卷Ⅰ，B)ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtime

thiswinter，sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota，Florida，mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine.”Ileftforthelandofwarmthandvitamin

C(维生素C)，thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair，Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.S

wimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend，butthebestp

art—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcold­weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a．m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers’marketthatprovedtobemoreth

anworththeearlywake­upcall.Themarket，whichwasfoundedin1979，setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a．m.to1p．m.，rainorshine，a

longNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries；thered-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck；andmostofall，thetomatoes：amazing，lar

ge，softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken，vine­ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise，I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforye

ars.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore，onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfailinglydry，hard，andtasteless.ButIhomedin，withuncertain

ty，ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand，fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Thesewereth

erealdeal—andatthatmoment，IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwou

ldn’tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearne

dthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，where

—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu，IknewI’dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.24．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlif

einNewYork?A．Exciting.B．Boring.C．Relaxing.D．Annoying.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词由第一段ThefreezingNortheasthasn’t__been__a_

_terribly__fun__placetospendtimethiswinter，so...第二步结合选项，进行合理推断尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?

(2)Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?(3)Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?2．“忠于措辞”定选项文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞

。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。3．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语(

1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的；unintereste

d不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。题型4文章出处或读者对象类[示例](安徽卷，A)PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy

！Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdon’tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandperso

nalrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround，puttingawaybooksa

ndobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures(特点)：·weighsonly500grams·includeslong-lastingbatter

ies·comeswitha5-yearguarantee·rememberssimpleinstructionsOriginally(最初)soldfor$499NOWONLY$299BUYNOWWATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBond

wouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL►actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.►givesyouada

ilyweatherforecast.►remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.►setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear

.Besides，yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation，clickhere.59

．Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A．Onanoticeboard.B．Inacompanybrochure.C．Onateenagewebsite.D．Inacollegenew

spaper.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇①BUY__NOW②For__further__information,__click__here第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断尝试解答____C____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1

)Thepassagewouldprobablybefoundin________．(2)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom/outof________．(3)Wheredoe

sthetextprobablycomefrom?2．“专用词汇”做判断考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和

其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。[状元技法]推理判断题解题三技巧1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2．整合全文信息进行推断。在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，

严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点等系列材料，综合起来去推理判断。3．利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。在把握主旨大意的基础上利用文章的语境褒贬性对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。,[学生用书P50])A(2017·湖北武汉高三调研)IfeltlikeIhadclickedmyheelsthr

eetimesandcometoacountryawayfromhomeeverymorningasIwalkedthroughthedoorsattheEmbassyofAustraliainWashington.MusicalAussieaccentsandAborigin

alartexhibitsmademewonderifIhadenteredwithoutavisa.InfactIwasatemporaryemployee，apublicaffairsunpaid

intern(实习生)forthreemonthsduringthesummerinordertoengagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtos

tudythenextspring.DuringthesummerIreadtheAustraliannewseveryday.WorkingattheembassyallowedmetoescapetheU．S.forsixhoursperdaya

ndlearnaboutwhatwasgoingonacrosstheplanet.AfterreadingthedailyAustralianandU．S.newsIusuallyhelpedprepareaPower

Pointpresentationforschoolkidswhovisitedtheembassyaspartofaschoolactivity.Dependingonwhetheranembassyeventwasgoingon

，IwouldattendweeklymeetingstolistentoplanningandseewhatIcoulddotohelp.Usuallythereweresmallertaskstobedonesuchascreatingvisi

tors’guides.ThemostfantasticeventinwhichIparticipatedwasthevisitoftheAustralianPrimeMinister.AstheonlyAmeric

anamongcountlessAustralianmediaandstaff,Ifeltcomfortableandwaskeptbusytakingpicturesandrecordingdoorstopin

terviewsatfamoussitessuchastheCapitol.Asanintern,youwillnotbeexposedtotop­secretinformation,butyouareontheinsidewhenitcomestospecialevents.

Governmentworkisausefuladditiontoone’sexperience.Asanembassyemployeeyouwillgaininvaluableknowledgewhi

lespendingyoursummerinaculturallydiverseworkplace.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。1．Whatistheautho

rtalkingabout?A．Herembassyinternship.B．Hertroubleinfindingajob.C．Herforeigncultureexperience.D．Herpreparationforfutureemployment.A解

析：主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。2．WhywastheauthorintheEmbassyofAustraliaforthreemonths?A．Toapplyforavisa.B．Toprepare

tostudyinAustralia.C．TorecordmusicalAussieaccents.D．ToappreciateAboriginalartexhibits.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“inordertoen

gagemyselfinthecultureofthecountrywhereIplannedtostudythenextspring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故答案为B。3．What

wastheauthorforbiddentodowhentheAustralianPrimeMinistervisitedAmerica?A．Recorddoorstopinterviews.B．Knowtop-secretinformation.C．Takepicturesofsp

ecialevents.D．StandamongtheAustralianstaff.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“youwillnotbeexposedtotop-secretinformation”可知，实习生不会接触到绝

密信息，故选B。4．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sdailyroutineattheEmbassy?A．Itistiring.B．Itisboring.C．Itisexciting.D．Itisrelaxing.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“Them

ostfantasticevent”以及最后一段中的“ausefuladdition”和“gaininvaluableknowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆

工作是令作者兴奋的。B(2017·陕西高三教学质量检测)Oursuccess，satisfactionandgeneralhappinessinlifeisnotdependentonwhathappenstousbuthowwedealwithit.Youwillproba

blyknowfrompersonalexperiencewhatadifferenceyourattitudecanmakewhen，forexample，you’rereturningfaultygoodsormakin

gacomplaint.Anopen,politeandfriendlyapproach，expectingasatisfactoryresult，normallyresultsinoneaspeople

tendtorespondwithasimilarattitude.If，however，youpresentanargumentwithanangry，accusingtone，expectingtrouble

，thereislittledoubtthatthisiswhatyou’llget!Somepeopleseetheworldthroughafilterofoptimismandsomethroughafilterofpessimis

m(悲观)whichlargelycomesdowntohavingapositiveornegative(消极的)attitude.Peoplewhoaresufferingfromanegativeattitudeprimari

lythinkthatsomethingcan’tbedone；theytalkaboutproblems,seeallthedifficulties，findfaultwithandcriticizeotherpeopleandfocusonallthethingstheywouldlik

ebuthaven’tgot.Onthecontrary，peopleblessedwithapositiveattitudethinkthatanythingispossible.Theylookf

orwaystosolvetheproblems,theyseethegoodineverybody，andtheyaregratefulforallthegoodthingsintheirlives.Whethersufferingfromorb

lessedwithyourattitude，thisisnotsomethingthatisputonusfromtheoutside.Weareverymuchresponsibleforourownattitude.Weallstartoutwitha“clean”bo

ardbutthiscangetmuddiedbyourexperiencesinlife.Aschildrenwearemadefunofandevengetbullied(欺侮)andrejected，star

ttoexperiencedoubtandloseourself­confidence.Ifthiscontinuesintoadulthood，itcanresultinabadattitudeinlaterlife.[解题导语]本文展

现出了积极的人生态度的重要性。5．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatpeoplearelikelytotreatothers__________．A．thewaytheyaretreate

dB．betterwhentheyaresatisfiedC．worsewhentheyareintroubleD．thewaytheyconsiderappropriateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“asp

eopletendtorespondwithasimilarattitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你。6．Accordingtothewriter，whataffectspeople’slifeattitude?A．Thesituationth

eyface.B．Thepeoplearoundthem.C．Theirexpectationsoflife.D．Thewaytheyviewtheworld.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段中的“Wearevery...Weallstartoutwitha‘

clean’boardbutthiscangetmuddiedbyourexperiencesinlife.”可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们对事物的态度，人们的人生经历对人生态度又有影响，故选D。7．Whatisthepurposeofthe

writerinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowhowtoavoidanegativeattitude.B．Toshowtheimportanceofapositiveattitude.C．Tosharehispositiveattitudew

ithhisreaders.D．Todescribetheeffectsofanegativeattitude.B解析：写作意图题。根据第一段并结合全文的内容可推知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性。专题强化

训练13推理判断题——逻辑推断类/目的意图类[学生用书P101(单独成册)]A(2017·东北三省四市高考模拟)AshersonCameronsitsathislaptopcompletingataskforhismathdegreecourse,AlisonThom

pson,afull­timemum,isbusyhelpingherdaughterEmma(twoyearsyoungerthanCameron)getdressed.WhilehelphasalwaysbeenavailableforEmma,Alisonandherhusban

dalsohavetofighttogetCameronthesupportheneeds.“PeoplecouldseethatEmmahasspecialneedsbutbecauseCameronwasdoingsowellatschool,hi

steachersneverthoughttherewasaproblemwithhim，”saysAlison.IttookAlisonandherhusbandawhiletorealizetheirsonwasdiffer

ent.Cameron’sabilitydidn’tbecomeclearuntilhebeganprimaryschool.Onceheevencorrectedtheteacherwhenshetoldthecl

assthatzerowasthelowestnumber.Camerontoldhershewaswrongbecausetherewerenegativenumbers(负数).Hewasfouratthetime.Now14-year-oldCameronisatsec

ondaryschool,studyingforadistancelearningmathdegreewiththeOpenUniversity,having__sailed__through__his__GCSEat11andhisA­levelat12,achiev

ingtopgrades.Bethany,anotherdaughterofAlison,isbrighttoobutnotgifted.Sheistheonewhowillremindabsent-mindedCa

merontoputonhiscoat.Shealsohelpshimoutinsocialsituations.Emmaattendsaspecialistschoolandthefamilyisquicktocelebr

atehersuccessestoo.“Theotherdayshedidupthebuttonsonhercoat,whichwasrealprogress，”Alisonsays.LatelastyeartheThompsonst

ookpartinatelevisiondocumentary(纪录片)toprovethatnotallgiftedchildrenaretheresultofextremelyambitiouspa

rents.Giftedchildrenneedsupporttooandtheirlivesdon’thavetobethatdifferent.Cameronisanexample.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文

。通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此。1．WhatdoesParagraph1indicate?A．CameronhelpsEmmawithhermathtas

ks.B．TeachersatschoolignoredEmma’sproblems.C．BothCameronandEmmaneedparentalsupport.D．ThecoupleoftenhavefightsbecauseofCameron.C解析：推理判

断题。根据第一段的“WhilehelphasalwaysbeenavailableforEmma,AlisonandherhusbandalsohavetofighttogetCameronthesupportheneeds.”可知，Emma和Cameron都需要父母的支持，故C项正确。2．Wha

tdoestheunderlinedphrase“havingsailedthroughhisGCSE”probablymean?A．HavingpassedhisGCSEeasily.B．HavingtakenhisGCSEseriously.C．Havingwo

rkedhardathisGCSE.D．HavingsufferedalotfromhisGCSE.A解析：词义猜测题。根据文章画线短语后的“at11andhisA-levelat12,achievingtopgrades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCS

E考试，在12岁则通过了A­level阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”。3．Thereare________peopleinMrs.Thompson’sfamily.A．threeB．fourC．fiveD．sixC解析：细节理解题。文章提到了Thompso

n夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人。4．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．Emmahaslearnedtotakego

odcareofherself.B．Cameronshowedhisgiftsbeforeprimaryschool.C．Thechildrenofthefamilyarebrightandgifted.D．Giftedkidsarenotsodi

fferentaspeopleexpect.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Giftedchildrenneedsupporttooandtheirlivesdon’thavetobethatdifferent.”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一

定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项。B(2017·烟台诊断)Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefromusingplastics,scientistshavebeenhardatworkinventingal

ternativepackagingproducts.Fromwaterbottlesmadefromseaweedtocutlery(餐具)madefromriceandwheat,anumberofinventionsaresettochangethewaywee

atwhileweareonthego,orhavingarelaxingpicnicinthepark.Theideaofusingseaweedtomakeeco­friendly(环保的)waterbottleshasbeenaroundforafewyears

.Recently,AriJonssontookhisinvention—awaterbottlemadefromredseaweed—toshowoffatafestival.Thebottleswillonlyholdtheirshapeaslongasthey

arefilled.Assoonasthesebottlesareemptytheywillbegintobreakdown,thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat.AriJonsson’sbottlesareastepclosertoawidelyusedal

ternativetothecurrentplasticones.Theeatablewatercontainerisnottheonlyproducttoaddtoourimageofthefuture.NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreated

eatablespoons.Afterthesuccessofhisspoons,Mr.Pessapatyisreadytoexpandandintroduceforksandchopstickstohismenu.Hisaimistolargelyreducetheamounto

fplasticwaste,whichisahugeproblemforwastesitesallovertheworld.Itisaproductthatmaytakeupto500yearstobrea

kdown,andrecyclingcompaniesworldwidearestrugglingtodealwithit.Asidefromtheobviousbenefitstotheenvironment,thisnewpackagingisalso

cheaptoproduceandthereforecheaptobuy.Evenbetteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,possibl

yascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.Whynotgetexperimentingandcreateyourownrecipes?[解题导语]为了阻止人

们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。5．Whydoscientistsinventalternativepackagingproducts?A．Tomakepeople’slifemoreconvenient.B．Tor

educetheamountofplasticwaste.C．Tochangethewaywepicnicoutside.D．Toshowofftheirinventivetalents.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefromusi

ngplastics...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。6．WhatmakesAriJonsson’swaterbottleseco-friendly?A．Theycanbemadeathome.B．Theyarechea

ptoproduceandbuy.C．Theywillholdtheirshapewhentheyarefilled.D．Theywillbreakdownthemselveswhenempty.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Assoonasthesebottlesareemptythe

ywillbegintobreakdown...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。7．WhatdoAriandNarayana’sinventionshaveincommon?A．Th

eyareconvenienttocarry.B．Theyaresafetoeat.C．Theycanbeusedforashorttime.D．Theyareheavierthanplastics.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句

“...thoughtheywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat”及第三段第二句“NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromth

ispassage?A．Home­madeeatablecutleryislikelytobepopular.B．Eatablecutlerywillcompletelyreplaceplasticsi

nthenearfuture.C．Norecyclingcompaniescanbreakdownplasticwaste.D．It’sunsafeforindividualstoinventeatablecutleryathome.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Evenbette

risthefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,possiblyascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制

，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。C(2017·太原二模)“Stopalltherushingandscreaming:toomuchexcitementisbadforfamilies.Kidsaremissingoutonanessen

tiallife—relaxeddowntime，”saysDr.CharlotteReznick.“Parentswork,andkidsdoscheduledactivities—there’slittlefamilytimewithoutpres

sure，”saysReznick.“Oneparentistakingthesontoasoccergame,andtheotherparentistakingthedaughtertoherswimmeet.T

henthere’stheartclass,baseballpractice,extratutoring,andmore!Bythetimethefamilymeetupfordinner,everyoneisexhausted.”Alltherushingmakesfor

ashorttemper.“Whenparentsarereducedtoshoutingattheirchildrentogetthemtolisten,theylowertheirownself­esteemaswellaslosingth

erespectoftheirchildren，”saysDr.CarlPickhardt.“Whileparentsthinkitshowsthey’reseriousaboutwhatthey’resaying,theyarerea

llyjustshowinghelplessdesperationatnotgettingtheirway.”Thesedayswhatkidsarelearningatschoolandfromtheoutsideisalotgreaterthanitusedtobeevenj

ustagenerationago.“Theproblemisthatstressrelievingactivities—reading,takingwalksorhotbaths,watchingthesunsetandotheractivitiesarenotev

enpartofmostkids’experienceanymore，”saysReznick.“Therearesomanymoresocialinteractionopportunitiesinourcomputerage,butnotallofthempromotemeaningf

ulconnections,whichisanotherpotentialoutletforstress，”shesays.Onewaytorelievestressisasimpletechniquecalled“theballoonbreath”.It’sagreatwayforevery

onetobecomecalmsothattheycanrespondthoughtfullyratherthanjustreact.Here’showtodoit.Imagineadeflated(未充

气的)ballooninyourstomach—abouttwotothreeinchesbelowyournavel(肚脐).Slowlybreatheintoacountof1...2...3...andfeelthelow

erbellyexpand,andflattenasyouslowlybreatheouttoacountof1...2...3...[解题导语]本文主要讲述了如何缓解孩子们的压力。9．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Kidsca

nhardlyenjoyfamilytimeduetoheavyburdens.B．Saturdayistheonlyleisurelydayoftheweekforkids.C．Thelifeofkidsisbecomingrichduetoextraclasses.D．Parentsha

venotimeonweekendstocarefortheirkids.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Bythetimethefamilymeetupfordinner,everyoneisexhausted.”和本段的整体内容可

推知，如今孩子们的负担沉重，几乎无法享受家庭时间，故选A。10．WhatdoesDr.CarlPickhardtthinkofparentswhentheyyell?A．Theyhavenoself­confidence.B．Theytakewhattheysayseriously.C．

Theyarealwaysbehavinglikechildren.D．Theyarelessrespectedandseemdesperate.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“losingtherespectoftheirchildren”和最后一句“Whilepa

rentsthinkitshowsthey’reseriousaboutwhatthey’resaying,theyarereallyjustshowinghelplessdesperationatnotgettingtheirway.”可知，Dr.CarlPickha

rdt认为，父母在大吼大叫时，孩子们对他们的尊重会减少，也显示出父母无助的绝望，故选D。11．Whatisthefunctionof“theballoonbreath”accordingtotheseventhparagraph?A．Tomakeonecooldown.B．Tot

estone’spatience.C．Toraiseone’sawareness.D．Tofillaballoonwithair.A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“It’sagreatwayforeveryonetobecom

ecalmsothattheycanrespondthoughtfullyratherthanjustreact.”可知，这种方法的作用是使人们冷静下来，故选A。12．Whatisthepurposeof

theauthorwritingthispassage?A．Totelleducatorstobepatient.B．Toadviseparentsnottomakelifetoostressfulforkids.C．Toencoura

gekidstopursuecreativity.D．Toshowthatkidsneedpatienceandlovefromtheirparents.B解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是如何缓解孩子们的重压，这是给父母提出的建议，故选B。专题强化训练14

推理判断题——观点态度类/文章出处类[学生用书P103(单独成册)]A(2017·河南开封一模)AccordingtotheGlobalTimes,itisreportedthattwoonlinevideosshowingchildrentel

lingtheirparents“Iloveyou”havegoneviralinChina.Thefirst,filmedbyanAnhuiTVstation,showsanumberofcollegestudentstell

ingtheirparentstheylovethem.Theresponsesaremixed.“Areyoudrunk？”askedoneparent.Inanothersimilarvideo,shotbyaShanxiTVstation,afatherrespon

dedevenlesspatiently—“I’mgoingtoameeting,socutthecrap.”Whydon’tChinesefamiliesusethosewords?TheoriesrevolvearoundthenatureofCo

nfucianteaching.“Theparents’responsesshowthatmanyChinesearenotgoodatexpressingpositiveemotions，”XiaXueluan,

asociologistfromPekingUniversity,toldtheGlobalTimes.“Theyareusedtoeducatingchildrenwithnegativelanguage.”Thisisn’tthefirsttimethatChinahasdonesome

soul­searchingaboutfamiliallove—lastyearChinaDailyaskedacross­sectionofpeopleiftheysaid“Iloveyou”toth

eirparents，spouses,andchildren.“Ihaveneversaid‘Iloveyou’tomyfamily,andIdon’tthinkIwillinthefuture，”one56­year­oldmantoldthepaper.“Say

ingitaloudisembarrassingforme.”Still,thatdoesn’tmeanthatlovecan’tbeexpressed.Inaseparatearticle,ChinaDailyspoketoZhaoMengmeng,a31­year

­oldwomanwhosaidshehadnevertoldherfathershelovedhimface­to­face(“Ifinditabitodd”).Sometimesactionsspeakloud

erthanwords.ZhaogaveherfatheraphotoalbumfeaturingphotographsofthemtogetheronalmosteveryoneofherbirthdaysinJune2012.Thepictureswentvi

ralonline,beingforwardedhundredsofthousandsoftimesonWeibo.“Ididn’tsleepthenightIheardaboutit，”herfathertoldChi

naDailyafterthestoryattractedmainstreamattention.“Ihavenowmemorizedsomeofthecommentsonthecollectionofpictures.”[

解题导语]中国人一直以含蓄著称，这一特点在向家人表达爱时也不例外。近来，两段视频引起了轰动，文章对此作了介绍。作者运用大量例子解释了中国人为什么不直接说“我爱你”，并列举了其独特的表达方式。1．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Itisno

tdirectforChinesefamiliestosay“Iloveyou”．B．Chineseparentsaretooproudtoexpress“Iloveyou”．C．Chineseparentsaregoodatexpressingpositiveemotions.D．Youngp

arentsinChinaarewillingtoexpress“Iloveyou”．A解析：推理判断题。文章第三段引入一位被采访者的观点：Sayingitaloudisembarrassingforme.，下一段介绍了中国人对父母

表达爱的特点：Sometimesactionsspeaklouderthanwords.，即用行动而不是语言来向父母表达自己的爱，并列举事例进行证明。由此可推断，中国人通常不会向家人直接表达爱。故选A项。2．Whydon’tChineseparentsexpre

ss“Iloveyou”totheirchildren?A．Becausetheycan’texpressit.B．Becausetheyarenotinthehabitofexpressingso.C．B

ecausetheythinkitunnecessary.D．Becausetheythinkitshouldbedoneonlyamongyoungcouples.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Ihaveneversaid‘Iloveyou’tomyfamily

,andIdon’tthinkIwillinthefuture，”one56­year­oldmantoldthepaper.“Sayingitaloudisembarrassingforme.”可知，中国的父母不习惯

这样表达。3．ZhaoMengmengexpressed“Iloveyou”toherfatherby________．A．givinghimanalbumcontainingtheirphotosB．kissingherfather

’sfaceandtellinghimbywordsC．speakingitoutbravelyinaTVprogramD．writingoutthethreewordsinaletterA解析：细节理解题。

题干关键信息为ZhaoMengmeng，根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句Zhaogaveherfatheraphotoalbumfeaturingphotographsofthemtogetheronalmosteveryoneofherbirthdays...可知，赵萌萌送给爸爸一个

相册，里面是他们的照片，以此来表达对父亲的爱。故选A项。4．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsabout“Iloveyou”？A．Opposed.B．Objective.C．Critical

.D．Indifferent.B解析：推理判断题。作者通过随机调查告诉我们，中国人为什么不习惯对家人说“Iloveyou”，在分析完原因后，又通过具体的例子告诉我们中国人如何用一种含蓄的方式向家人表达爱。所有这些，作

者只是在客观描述，没有添加自己的感情倾向。故选B项，objective意为“客观的”。B(2017·福建泉州检测)Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantageso

freadingahard-copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemis,manyofusrefusetolisten.Don’tgetmewrong:Digitalreadinghassomerealad

vantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：e­bookstendt

obecheaper.There’salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuilde­re

adersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingfans.Andremember,treesarearenewableresour

ce.Then,there’stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenreadingbothforpleasureandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfr

ommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic(美学的).Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofannotation(“Icanwriteonthepa

ges”),andnavigation(“easytolocatewhereIwas”).Meanwhile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain(眼疲劳)andheadach

eswhenusingscreens.Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadingprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it’seasiertofocus”.Somealsoac

knowledgedtheytookmoretimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcen

tration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidtheyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternetc

onnection,it’shardtoresistthetemptation(诱惑)．Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon’tthreatenyourenjoymentorunderstandingo

fatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldacci?Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,therewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon’texpecttound

erstandJoyce’snovelsthisway.[解题导语]文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书有愈来愈替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。5．Whatisanadv

antageofreadingahard­copybook?A．Itischeaper.B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.C．Ithelpspeoplethinkdeeper.D．Itprovidesinstantinform

ation.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。6．What’sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?A．Environmentalconce

rn.B．Physicaldiscomfort.C．Lackofconcentration.D．Internetconnection.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingi

sconcentration.可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。故选C项。7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowarde­reading?A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.C．Optimistic.D．Uncon

cerned.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。8．Howisthepassagemainlydev

eloped?A．Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.B．Byprovidingtypicalexamples.C．Bylistingpracticalsuggestions.D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.D解析：推理判断题。文章的第二

段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。故选D项。C(2017·辽宁重点高中第三次联考)Thosewhoclaimbanana

sarefatteningarguethatbananascausethebodytomakelotsofinsulin(胰岛素),andinsulincausesfatgrowth.Howmuchinsulinweproduceisrelatedtohowfa

stfoodbecomessugarinourbloodstream.Howcanyouknowiffoodmakesalotofsugarquickly?Theglycemicindex(血糖指数),orGIratingtellsus.FoodswithGIscoresabove75ar

econsideredhigh-GIfoods,leadingtofastersugardevelopment.BananashaveaGIof62,whichisconsideredlow.Weightlosscanbeastruggleforanyone,butitises

peciallyhardfordiabetics(糖尿病患者).Astudylookedathowthestarchfromunripebananasaffectedtheweightofagroupofobesediabetics.

Afterfourweeksofadiethighinbananas,diabeticslostsignificantlymoreweightthanonacontroldiet.Theyalsosawimprovem

entsininsulinsensitivityfromthebananadiet.What’smore,bananashavebeenshowntocutrisksofstrokes,diabetesandcancers(Bananasarethemostpowerfu

lfruitforloweringtheriskofkidneycancer.).Bananasarealsoarichsourceoffiber,whichhasbeenshowntohelpweightloss.Bananasth

atstillhavesomegreenontheskinareevenhigherinfiber.Skinsfromgreenbananascanbetakenand,afterremovingthestemanddarktip,cutintosmallpieces2－3incheslonga

nd1/2inchwide.Thesepiecescanbemadeintoateaoraddedtoadish.Whenyoueattheskins,besureyouareeatingorganicban

anas.Thefleshofregularbananasislowinpesticides,buttheskinsarenot.[解题导语]本文反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康

有着诸多好处。9．WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromParagraphs1&2?A．Bananasarelikelytomakepeoplefat.B．Insulindeterminesth

eamountofsugar.C．Low­GIfoodscanturnintosugarmoreslowly.D．Thefasterthefoodbecomessugar,thelessinsulin.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Howcanyoukno

wiffoodmakesalotofsugarquickly?Theglycemicindex(血糖指数)．..fastersugardevelopment.”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分

的速度较慢。故选C。10．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutbananas?A．Includingbananasindietsisgoodforhealth.B．Bananascancurepeoplesuffering

kidneycancer.C．Eatingorganicbananascanprotectpeoplefromstrokes.D．Bananas’abundantfiberimprovesinsulinsensitivity.A解析：推理判

断题。根据文章第三段中的“...diabeticslostsignificantlymoreweightthanonacontroldiet.Theyalsosawimprovementsininsulinsensitivityfromthebananadiet.”及第四段的

“bananashavebeenshowntocutrisksofstrokes,diabetesandcancers...weightloss.”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论：将香蕉列入日常饮食对

人们的健康有益，故选A。11．Whatisdiscussedinthelastparagraph?A．Theuseofbananaskins.B．Thebenefitsofbananaskins.C．Theimportanceofbananas

kins.D．Thewaysofchoosingorganicbananas.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“canbemadeintoateaoraddedtoadish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉

皮的用途。故选A。12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A．Education.B．Health.C．Culture.D．Science.B解析：推理判断题。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险

，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。