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第一讲时态、语态考查动词的各种时态基本定义最重要Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fa
stfood____________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.is解析:此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填is
。2.(2016·浙江卷)Whileonlineshopping____________(change)ourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.haschanged解析:主语是onlineshopping,结合
语境以及后面的havebeen可知,这里要用现在完成时。3.(2016·浙江卷)Silk____________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.hadbecom
e解析:byabout100BC是时间状语,这里强调到公元前一百年为止,所以要用过去完成时。4.(2015·天津卷)Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoo
nbecauseshe____________(teach)aclassatthattime.willbeteaching解析:atthattime提示此处表示将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作。5.(2016·北京卷)Jack____________(work)inthe
labwhenthepowercutoccurred.wasworking解析:表示过去某时正在发生的事情,应用过去进行时。6.(2017·太原一模)Atfirst,bothofthemjoinedtogetherand
thefrog____________(lead)hisfriendtowardsthepoolinwhichhelived,anddidn’tstopuntilhereachedthesideofthewater.led解析:考查动词时态。与上文joined呼应,此处表示过去发生
的事情,故用一般过去时。7.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables!____________________came→comes解析:主句为一般将来时
,时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来,故用comes。8.(2016·四川卷)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMother’sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemornin
g.____________________get→got解析:根据上句中的planned可知,事情发生在过去,故应用一般过去时。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________
原则这样解读高考考试说明规定掌握的十二种时态的基本用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时;Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。(2)表示过去某个时间里发
生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时;WhenIwasatschool,IoftenwenttothecinemaonSundays.我上学时,周日经常去看电影。(3)表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时;Dr.Smith,to
getherwithhiswifeanddaughters,isgoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.史密斯博士将在今年夏天和他的妻子、女儿们一起游览北京。(4)表示在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用
过去将来时;ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimthenextday.我告诉他第二天会见他。(5)表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时;Idon’tactuallyworkhere.
Iamhelpingoutuntilthenewsecretarycomes.我实际上不在这里工作。我目前在这里帮忙一直到新秘书来。(6)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作要想到用过去进行时;Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,w
herepeopleweresellingallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.我慢慢地走过市场,市场里人们在卖各种各样的水果与蔬菜。我认真地研究了价格之后,买了些我所需要的。(7
)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作要想到用将来进行时;Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoBeijing.我感到很激动!明天上午这个时候我正在飞往北京。(8)表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其产生的影响或结果现在还存在;或
持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时;Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。(9)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生
或完成,即“过去的过去”时要想到用过去完成时;Beforehewenttocollege,hehadreadseveralEnglishbooks.他上大学前就读过好几本英文书。(10)表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成,上下文中常含有by短语时要想到用将来完成时;Bythetime
Igraduatefromcollege,Iwillhavebeeninthecityforeightyears.到大学毕业时,我就在这个城市待了8年了。(11)表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作要想到用
现在完成进行时;Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagershavebeendoingalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.为了找到那个失踪的孩子,过去的五小时里,村民们做了他们所能做的一切。(12)表示从过去某
一时间以前一直在进行的动作要想到用过去完成进行时。WhenIgothome,IsawJack’shandsweredirty.Hehadbeenplayingwithmud.我到家时看见杰克的手很脏。他此前一直在玩泥巴。时间状语很有效Ⅰ示之以范____________________
________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school_
___________(come)first.comes解析:由时间状语atthemoment可知,这里是指现在发生的事情,因此用一般现在时。2.(2017·北京卷)People____________(have)better
accesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey’relivinglongerasaresult.have解析:这里讲述的是一个客观事实,应用一般现在时。主语是表示复数意义的people,故填have。3.(2015·北京卷)Inthelas
tfewyears,China____________(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.hasmade解析:句意:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语Inthelastfewyea
rs可知用现在完成时。4.(2017·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Bythattime,she____________(accept)byYaleUniversityandHarvardUniversityintheU.S.hadbeenaccepted解析:根据byth
attime可知,此处用过去完成时,she与accept之间为被动关系,故填hadbeenaccepted。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysicallybutalsomentallyinthepastfewy
ears.____________________had→have解析:由时间状语inthepastfewyears可知,此处应用现在完成时。Ⅱ通关点击________________________________________________
____原则这样解读有些题目本身就带有明确的时间状语,要学会利用这些时间状语来解题。1.看到always,everytime,nowandthen,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等表示频率的时间状语,要想到用一般现在时;2.看到yesterday,last
week,twodaysago,theotherday,in1998,时间段+later,after+一段时间等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时;3.看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek等时间
状语,要想到用一般将来时;4.看到thenextday/morning,thenext/followingweek/month/year等时间状语,要想到用过去将来时;5.看到allthetime,now,at4o’clock,atthismom
ent,atpresent等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时;6.看到atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,atfiveyesterday,thewholemorning等时间状语,要想到用过去进行时;7.看到atthistimetomorrow,from1:30to4:
30tomorrow等时间状语,要想到用将来进行时;8.看到since,recently,lately,already,in/for/duringthelast/pastfewyears,sofar,uptonow,duringthepast/last+时间段等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时
;9.看到bythattime,bytheendof+过去时间,before2000,bythetime+一般过去时的从句,要想到用过去完成时;10.看到bythetime+一般现在时的从句,bytheendof+将来时间的名词,by+将来时间名词等时间状语,要想到用将来完成时。P
rogresshasbeensofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.到目前为止,工作进展得很顺利,我们确信一定会按时完工。平行谓语做参考Ⅰ示之以范______________
______________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·浙江卷6月)Pahlssonandherhusband____________(search)th
ekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.searched解析:根据句意和butturnedupnothing可知,search的动作发生在过去,所以填
searched。2.(2017·浙江湖州期末考试)Oneday,whenIwasdrawingdiagramsonthebalconyandhe____________(bathe)inside,thevolcanoeruptedunexpectedly.wasbathing解析:由前面的“I
wasdrawingdiagrams”可知,本句应用过去进行时,而且and连接的并列句要保持时态一致。3.(2017·聊城检测)Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptal
landstrongbutalso____________(give)usasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.gives解析:考查时态。notonly...butalso连接两个平行结构,因此所填动词与makes一致,故填gives。4.(2017·福建五校统考)Acco
rdingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalso____________(express)theirgre
atconcernaboutit.expressed解析:考查时态。and前后并列时态一致,根据句中showed可知,该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。5.(2017·湖北武昌区高三调考)Finally,Iworkharderthaneverandm
adegreatprogressinmymath.____________________work→worked解析:由后面的made可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。Ⅱ通关点击________________________________________________
____原则这样解读并列连词and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and...,neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...but(also)...,ratherthan等以及从属连词than可连接两个平行的结
构。平行的另外一个结构与所选谓语动词的先后关系,则决定着所选动词的时态。(2017·陕西质检)Whenfacingtheeither-orsituation,Ismiledanddecidedtotrus
tmyheart.当面对必须作出决定的情况时,我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。语境理解少不了Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·广东深圳二模)It____________(rain)atthatt
imeandthestreetswerefullofholeswhichwerefullofwater.wasraining解析:根据时间状语atthattime可知,当时正在下雨,即“下雨”这一动作在过
去某段时间内正在进行。故用过去进行时。2.(2017·广东佛山二模)In2016,I____________(feel)IneededanewchallengesoIdecidedtotakeafilm-maki
ngcourse.felt解析:句意:在2016年,我觉得我需要一个新的挑战,因此我决定修一门电影制作的课程。根据时间状语In2016可知,应用一般过去时。故填felt。3.(2015·四川卷)AsItellyo
ulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.____________________tell→told解析:根据时间状语lasttime可知,此句用一般过去时。4.(2017·西安九校联考)Today,atthelocalconv
eniencestorewhereIwork,anelderlymanwithaguidedogcomein.____________________come→came解析:考查动词的时态。这里叙述的是发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。5.(2017·山东青岛模拟)What’
smore,thousandsoftouristsfromtheworldcamehereeveryyear,whichisreallysplendid.____________________came→come解析
:根据时间状语everyyear及从句为一般现在时可知,主句应用一般现在时,故将came改为come。Ⅱ通关点击_____________________________________________________原则这样解读高考对时态的考查
更注重对语法知识的具体运用,即将语法知识置于一定的语境中,要求考生在实际语言环境中填写正确答案。做题时树立全局观念,根据提供的语境,挖掘题中隐含的信息,从而找到解题的突破口。(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)ItwasonawarmautumndaythatmyfatherandI
walkedintomynewhighschool.在一个温暖的秋天,父亲和我一起走进了新高中学校。固定句式要记牢Ⅰ示之以范__________________________________________
__________原则这样运用1.(2017·天津卷)I____________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.wasdri
ving解析:此处是bedoing...when...结构,意为“正在做……,这时(突然)……”。由从句的谓语动词found可知,主句应用过去进行时。2.(2017·沈阳监测一)Thiswasthefirsttime
I____________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.hadexperienced解析:考查动词的时态。根据“Thiswasthefirsttim
e”可知,从句用过去完成时。3.HardlyhadIgothomewhentherain____________(pour)down.poured解析:hardly...when...意为“刚……就……”,主句用过
去完成时,从句用一般过去时。4.(2017·梧州一模)Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile,“Gotoexerciseandyou____________(feel)better.”willfeel解析:此
题考查时态,祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时。5.(2017·河北邯郸一模)IthasbeenalongtimesincewemeetinChinalasttime.____________________meet→met解析:Ithasbeen+一段时间+since...句
式中时间状语用过去时。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.看到nosooner...than...或hardly...when...,要想到主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;Hardly
hadthespeakerfinishedhisspeechwhentheaudiencekeptaskinghimquestions.演讲者一结束他的讲话,观众就不停地向他提问。2.看到并列连词when,要想到was/weredoingsth.when...
;beabouttodosth.when...等连用;Oneday,Iwasabouttodosomeshoppingwhenhetelephonedme.一天,我正要去购物这时他给我打电话了。3.看到It/This/Thatis+the+序数词+
time+that从句,要想到从句用现在完成时;Thisisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlatethismonth.这是本月你第三次迟到。4.看到It/This/Thatwas+the+序数词+time+that从句,
要想到从句用过去完成时;ThatwasthefirsttimethatIhadgoneabroad.那是我第一次出国。5.时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来;IwillgotothecinemaassoonasIfinis
hmyhomework.我一完成作业就去看电影。6.在由since引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是现在完成时,从句则用一般过去时;Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoours
chool.自从来到我们学校,他学习就一直非常努力。7.看到“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,要想到陈述句用一般将来时。Keepontryingandyouwillsucceed.继续尝试,你会成功的。考
查动词的语态逻辑关系需知晓Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvite
dbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I____________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.wasa
llowed解析:根据itwas可知,此处用过去时态,主语I与allow之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight____________(make)ofgoldandsilverw
ithChinesecharacters.bemade解析:chopsticks和make之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,空格前有might,所以用bemade。3.(2016·四川卷)Thegiantpanda____________(love)bypeoplethrou
ghouttheworld.isloved解析:主语thegiantpanda和动词love之间是被动关系,且由后面的by...结构可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态。4.(2015·天津卷)Despitethepreviousro
undsoftalks,noagreement____________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.hasbeenreached解析:句意:尽管经过了前几轮的商讨,到目前为止双方仍没有达成一致意见。句中的sofar是现在完成时的时间标志短语,agreement
与reach之间是被动关系,因此用现在完成时的被动语态。5.(2015·安徽卷)Itisreportedthataspacestation____________(build)onthemooninyearstocome.willbebuilt解析
:句意:据报道,未来几年里将在月球上建造一个空间站。根据时间状语inyearstocome可知,“建造空间站”是将来的动作,设空处需用一般将来时;宾语从句的主语aspacestation与build之间是被动关系,因此需用一般将来时的被动语态。6.(2017·武汉武
昌区调研)Asaforeigner,I____________(absorb)andcharmedbythegenuinewarmthofwelcomeanduniquecultureduringthetrip.wasa
bsorbed解析:考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景,故应用一般过去时;由语境可知,作者被吸引住了,故应用被动语态。7.(2017·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.Itsaid
thebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.____________________picking→picked解析:考查动词语态。根据语境可知,pickup和句子逻辑主语book构成动宾关系,故用被动语态。Ⅱ通关点击_______
_____________________________________________原则这样解读1.被动语态在各种时态中的运用时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时wa
s/weredone一般将来时shall/willbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone将来完成时shall/w
illhavebeendone(2015·福建卷)Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.使我高兴的是
,我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中当选。2.不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类,如look,seem,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear等;Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。(2)
表示主语特征的词,如read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock,break,catch,cut,drive,open,wash等,常与hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。Thispenwritessmoothly
.这支笔写起来很流畅。,[学生用书P15])Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(2017·浙江台州期末考试)We____________(reduce)emissionofairpollutantsinrecentyears,butcarsarest
illmajorsourceofthem.havereduced/havebeenreducing解析:由句中的时间状语inrecentyears可知,应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。2.(2017·福建福州十三中期中考试)Thenhe__________
__(hide)behindatreeandwaited.hid解析:根据and后面的waited可知,与之并列的动作也应用一般过去时。3.(2017·江西南昌一模)Atayoungage,he____________(move)toSpainandnowpl
aysprofessionallyfortheFCBarcelona.moved解析:根据时间状语atayoungage可知,此处表示过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。4.(2017·浙江金丽衢州十二校联考)
IjustgraduatedfromWestCoastUniversity.I____________(receive)jobskilltrainingjustbeforethat,butIhadneverworked.hadreceived解析:此处根据justbeforethat可知,
我在之前受过职业技能的培训,根据上句中的一般过去时可知,此处应用过去完成时。5.(2017·浙江金华十校模拟)Doctorsandscientists____________(learn)agreatdealaboutsl
eepinthelastthirtyyears.havelearned解析:根据inthelastthirtyyears可知,本句应用现在完成时。6.(2017·合肥第一次检测)It’sfunforamateurstotry,buttobe
comegoodatit,notonlyyearsofpracticebutalsonaturaltalent____________(need).isneeded解析:考查主谓一致和被动语态。“notonly...b
utalso...”作主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,故此处谓语动词应用单数。naturaltalent与动词need之间是动宾关系,故用isneeded。7.(2017·石家庄质量检测)Anewbornba
bywould____________(dress)inagownforhisfirstyearortwo.Thenhewas“breeched(穿裤礼)”andworearticlesofclothinglikeshorts.The
usualcustomisthataboygraduatestotrousersaroundeightyearsold.bedressed解析:考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态。8.(2017
·郑州第二次质量预测)Agroupofpeopleparaded(游行)throughthevillage,twoofthemdressedasalion,goingintoeveryhometoperformasongforgo
odfortune.I____________(attract)bythisandfollowedthegroup,takingphotostosharewithmyfamily.wasattracted解析:考查动词的时态和
语态。该句主语I和动词attract之间为被动关系,故用被动语态;该句叙述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。9.(2017·贵州普通高等学校招生适应性考试)Therearemanydifferenttaboos(禁忌)aroundtheworld.Atabooisas
ocialactionthatisnot____________(allow).allowed解析:考查被动语态。该句是一个复合句,在that引导的定语从句中关系词that代指asocialaction,和动词allow之间是被动关系,
故用被动语态。10.(2017·河北七所名校联考)Themarket,which____________(call)TrainNightMarketRatchadainEnglish,wasopenedinJanuary2015andhasbecomeapopularspotforloc
alsandtourists.iscalled解析:考查动词的时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实,应该用一般现在时;which(指代Themarket)与call之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态。Ⅱ单句改错1.(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Butyesterdaywehaveanargu
mentaboutthefootballclubs.____________________have→had解析:考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语yesterday可知,该句应用一般过去时,故动词用过去式。2.(2017·安徽百所重点高中二模)It’sno
tthepeopleyoucameacrossinyourdailylifewhowillstandbyyouintimeofneed.____________________came→come解析:根据本句主要时态为一般现在时以及此处描述通常的情况可知,此处应用一般现在时。3.(201
7·郑州第一次质量预测)WhenIgethome,Isaidtomyparents,“Everythingwasgreataboutthecamping.IwanttobeateacherlikeAnnainthefuture.”_____________
_______get→got解析:考查动词时态。由said可知,此处表示过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。4.(2018·山东省部分重点中学第一次调研)Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ay
oungmaninTeheranboughtarealbed.Itwasthefirsttimethathehavebecometheproudownerofabed.____________________hav
e→had解析:Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.为固定句型。5.(2017·洛阳统一考试)WhenDadcamehome,henoticedmyuneasinessandaske
dmewhathashappened.____________________has→had解析:考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知,此处应用过去完成时,表示过去的过去。6.(2017·贵阳监测)OnceIwenttothemarketwithmymumforabigdinne
ronSaturday.Whenwewerewalkingpastthestalls,aloudnoisewascaughtmyattention.____________________删除was解析:考查动词语态。主语aloudnoise与catch
之间构成主谓关系,表主动,故删除was。7.(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)Althoughthebestdoctorscalledforhim,hecouldstillfindnorelief.Ihaverealizedthathealthisworthallthemoneyinthe
world.____________________called前面加were解析:考查主谓一致、时态和语态。主语thebestdoctors为复数且和动词call之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态;这里讲述的是过去发生的事情,故用were。8.
(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)ThenwegotoaKTVbarwherewesangmanypopularsongs.____________________go→went解析:由从句中的sang可知此处是讲述发生在
过去的事情,用一般过去时。9.(2017·福建福州十三中期中考试)TodayI’vegotwonderfulnewstotellyou.IhadbeenofferedajobatacompanyinEng
landformygoodperformance.____________________had→have解析:根据句意可知,指过去的动作对现在造成的结果,应用现在完成时。10.(2017·湖南衡阳八中二模)Toeveryoneintheworld,moneywasa
sensitivetopic.____________________was→is解析:根据句意可知,表示一种客观事实,用一般现在时。Ⅲ语法填空(2017·福建漳州一中期中考试)Askthreepeopletolookout
of1.____________samewindowatabusystreetcornerandtellyouwhattheysee.Chancesare2.____________youwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.Eachpersonsees
thesamescene,buteachperceivessomething3.____________(difference)aboutit.Perceivinggoesoninourminds.Ofthethreepeoplewholookoutofthewindow,one
maysaythathe4.____________(see)apolicemangivingamotoristaticket.Anothermaysaythatheseesrush-hourtrafficjamattheintersection.The
5.____________(three)maytellyouthatheseesawomantryingtocrossthestreetwithfour6.____________(child).Perceptionisthemind’sinterpretati
onofwhatthesenses—inthiscaseoureyes—tellus.Manypsychologiststodayareworking7.____________(try)todeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceives
theworldaround.8.____________(use)ascientificapproach,thesepsychologistssetupexperimentsinwhichtheycancontrolallofthefactors.9.__________
__measuringandchartingtheresultsofmanyexperiments,theyaretryingtofindoutwhatmakesdifferentpeopleperceive10.____________(tot
al)differentthingsaboutthesamescene.1.the解析:thesame“相同的”,为固定搭配。2.that解析:Chancesarethat...“……很可能”,为固定句型,其中that在从句中没有实际意义,也不作成
分,但不能省略。3.different解析:修饰不定代词something,应用形容词。4.sees解析:所填词作谓语,主语为he,故用第三人称单数。5.third解析:由上文的“Ofthethreepeople...o
nemaysay...Anothermaysay...”可知,此处表示“第三个人”,故用序数词。6.children解析:child是可数名词,其前有four修饰,故用其复数形式。7.totry解析:动
词不定式totry作目的状语。8.Using解析:psychologists和use之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作方式状语。9.By解析:此处表示“通过测量和绘图……”,应填介词By。10.totally解析:修饰形容词different,应用副词。