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A(2017·长春监测)LifeintheInternetageislonely—orisit?That’swhatexpertsinhumaninteractionaredebatingafteranewStanfordUniversitysurveyh

asbeenpublished.Accordingtothestudy,themoretimepeoplespendonline,thelesstheycanspareforreal­liferelationshipswithfam

ilyandfriends.Theresearchersasked113peopleabouttheWeb’sinfluenceondailyactivities.36%ofthosepeopleareonlineformorethanfivehoursaweek.“AsIn

ternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，”saysRobertKraut,oneofther

esearchers.ScholarsandWebloverscriticizedthestudyforstretchingitsdatatomakethe“isolating”point.While13%ofregula

rWebusersadmittedthelossoftimewithlovedones，60%reportedwatchinglessTV.Thesurveyalsoshowsthate­mailisth

emostpopularonlineactivity.Ifsomeofwebheads(网虫)spendwhatwasoncepassiveTVtimekeepingcompanywithfriendsviae-mails,“that’samovetowardgre

aterconnectedness，”saysPaulResnick，aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.A1998reportmonitored73Pi

ttsburgh­areafamilies’Internetuseforayear.PeoplewhousedtheInternetmore“talkedlesstofamilymembersandreportedbeinglonelierandmoredepressed，”

saysRobertKraut.“It’struethattherehavebeenbigdeclinesinsocialconnectednessoverthepastdecades,butthosedeclinesbeganbeforetheInternetw

asinvented，”saysThomasPutnam.AsAmitayEtzionisays,theInternetgivesusadifferentkindofsociallife—notbetterorworsethanbefore,butjustdif

ferent.[解题导语]本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，即网络是否会导致社会孤立以及来自社会各界的讨论。1．WhoclaimedthattheWebhadnegativeinfluence?A．RobertKraut.B．Paul

Resnick.C．ThomasPutnam.D．AmitayEtzioni.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AsInternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanin

creasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，”saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.可知，罗伯特·克劳特认为随着网络使用越来越广泛，网络会导致社会孤立效应。故选A项。

2．Theunderlinedword“This”inPara.4refersto________．A．thestudyconductedbyStanfordUniversityB．thesurveymadebytheUniversityofMichiganC．theconclusi

oninareportwrittenin1998D．theopinionexpressedinBowlingAloneA解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：这不是第一次有人称网络应该受到批评。这仍然是罗伯特·克劳特的观点，也就是斯坦福大学开展的调查研究的结果。故选A项。3．From

thepassagewelearnthat________．A．watchingTVusedtotaketimeawayfromstayingonlineB．36%ofWebusersspendmoret

hanfivehoursaweekonlineC．theWebwasblamedmorethanonceforcausinganisolatingeffectD．theWebhasthesameinfluenceasthetelephoneandthetelevisionC解析：推

理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责。故选C项。4．Thepassagemainlydiscus

ses________．A．howwecanmakeabetteruseoftheInternetB．whethertheInternetcausesanisolatingeffectC．howdeclin

esinsocialconnectednessappearD．whatadifferentlifetheInternetbringstousB解析：主旨大意题。文章以一项调查研究入题，进行了关于网络是否会导致社会孤立效应的讨论

。故选B项。B(2017·广东佛山检测)Thetimesarechanging.OnThursdayOctober13th,singer­songwriterBobDylanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,marking

thefirsttimethehighly­eyed­onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician,andgivingrisetoh

eateddiscussions.The75­year­oldwontheprize“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”，theSwedishAcademysaid.“Fo

r54yearshehasbeenatit,reinventinghimself，”saidSaraDanius,theacademy’spermanentsecretary.“BobDylanwritesp

oetryfortheear.Butit’sperfectlyfinetoreadhisworksaspoetry.”AndwhilemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews,othersonlineandinthel

iterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee,sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear.NewYorkTimesBookRevieweditorPamelaPauls

aiditwasgoodnewsbutpointedouthowmany“deserving”noveliststhereare.DirectorMartinScorseseputoutastatementsayinghewas“overjoyed”thatD

ylanwasawardedtheprize.“Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoundtheworld，”Scorsesesaid.“Hiswor

khasinfluencedandshapedculture,andhehasneverstoppedexploringandgrowingasanartist.TheNobelCommitteehasgi

venDylanaformofrecognitionthatfitshisroleinourculture—inworldculture.”DylanwonaPulitzerPrizein2008forhis“greatinflu

enceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture”.He’sthefirstAmericantowintheliteraryNobelsinceToniMorrisonin1993.[解题导语]作为一名歌手，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺

贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从而引发热议。5．WhydoesBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrizecauseheateddiscussions?A．Hecreatedpoeticexpres

sions.B．Heisknownasamusician.C．Hereinventshimself.D．Heis75yearsold.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的markingthefirsttimet

hehighly-eyed-onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician可知，正是因为鲍勃·迪伦是一位歌手，所以获得诺贝尔文学奖才引发热议。故选B项。6．Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderl

inedpartinParagraph4?A．Arethankfulto.B．Aresatisfiedwith.C．Areangrywith.D．Areworriedabout.C解析：词义猜测题。第四段开头的Andwhi

lemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews中while表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，所以后面的othersonlineandintheliterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee中的arecros

swith与foundgreatdelight意思应该相反。再根据最后的sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear可判断，arecrosswith应表示“对„

„生气”，而不是D项中的“担心„„”。故选C项。7．WhatcanweknowaboutDylanaccordingtoMartinScorsese?A．DylaninfluencesMartinalot.

B．Dylanishappywiththeaward.C．Dylanisapoetratherthanamusician.D．Dylanbenefitsalotfromworldculture.A解析：细节理

解题。根据倒数第二段中的Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoundthewo

rld可知，鲍勃·迪伦对他影响很大。故选A项。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AbriefintroductiontoBobDylan.B．ThereasonforBobDylan’ssuccess.C．BobDylan’sinfluenceonAm

ericanculture.D．DifferentviewsonBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrize.D解析：主旨大意题。文章开头就点明了鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖引起了热议，接着说明了不同的人对此事的不同态度。故选D项。C(2017·江西名校联盟检测)Bio

logistRobertPitmanandhiscolleaguestrackedorcas，orkillerwhales,andhumpbackwhalesoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Toresearchfurther,thescientist

sattachedatrackertoafemaleorca,whichallowedthemtousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattacked

eightyounghumpbackwhales.Duringthesevenattacks,theorcakilledthehumpbackwhalecalf(幼兽)onthreeoccasions.Butthestorydoesn’tendthere.Hum

pbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinko

therwise.Whenchasedbyorcas,humpbackwhalesareknowntotrytooutswimorcas.Theyarethoughttodothisathighspeedsothattheorcascan’tke

epup.Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers’b

oats.Thesewaysoftenreducedtheattack.Butatothertimes,thehumpbackwhalesdecidedtostayandfight.Astheorcasapproached,the

motherhumpbackwouldsometimesmovehercalftoherside,orliftitoutofthewaterusingherheadorflippers.Shealsoblewhugebreathsofairt

odisturbtheorcas,andlungedorchargedatthem,slashing(劈)andslappinghertailandflippers.Perhapsmostsurprisingly,humpbackwhalesalsohaveadultescort

s(护卫队)thattrytoprotectcalvesthatarenottheirown,joiningthemotherindefendingthesmallerwhale.Theseescortwhaleseitherchargedattheorcas,or

placedthemselvesbetweentheattackersandcalves,slashingtheirtailsandflippers.Despitetheeffortsofthemotherwhalesandescorts,theorcasweremoreoftenthann

otsuccessfulintheirattacks.Butthepresenceoftheescortsdidreducehowmanytimesawhalecalfwaskilled.[解题导语]本

文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。9．What’sthepurposeofthescientists’furtherresea

rch?A．Tokeeparecordofwhales’livinghabits.B．Toobserveorcas’huntinghumpbackwhales.C．Toseewhatlife-or-deathbattleswhalesmayface.D．Tof

indoutthetechniquesorcasusewhenhunting.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Toresearchfurther...tousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherfo

rsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。10．Whydidthehumpbackw

halesswimtoshallowwater?A．Toavoidbeingattacked.B．Tohuntforfood.C．Toprotecttheiryoung.D．Totrickthechasers.A解析：细

节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers’boats.”可知，驼背鲸游

至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。11．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Whyhumpbackwhalesfallvictimtoorcas.B．Howhu

mpbackwhalesprotecttheircalves.C．Thegreatmotherloveofhumpbackwhales.D．Smallerhumpbackwhales’waysofsurviving.B解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内

容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。12．WhatdoesPitman’sstudyfind?A．Orcasaresuccessfulintheirattacks.B．It’snote

asyfororcastoobtainfood.C．Humpbackwhalesswimfasterthanorcas.D．Humpbackwhalescouldbeactiveanimals.D解析：推理判断题。由

第二段中的“Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.”可知，驼背鲸一般

被认为是大型的、通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。专题强化训练16主旨大意题——标题归纳类[

学生用书P107(单独成册)]A(2017·江西师大附中、临川一中联考)“Myneighbordoesn’tspeakEnglish,butherkindnessneedsnotranslation.”AngieMorris,an81­year­oldCanadianwoma

nwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnowlivesinVancouver,BritishColumbia,wasdescribinghowhernext­doorneighbor,Ms.Win

g,a68­year­oldChinesewoman,voluntarilycooksmealsforhereveryday.Shecalledit“theultimatehome-deliveryservice”．Morris’smoving,first­p

ersonnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadiannewspaperTheGlobeandMail,hasgonepopular，withmoret

han24，000onlinereposts.“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag，”shewrote.“Athermoswithhotsoupandastainless­steelcontainerwithamealofrice,veget

ablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp，sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbecomeanalmostdailyoccurrence.”Wingstarted

heractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor,eventhoughthetwowomenhavenowayof

communicatingverbally.WingspeaksonlyMandarin,andMorris’sMandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．“Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfr

omwherewewereraised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage,butcommunicatingonewayoranother(withsomehelpfromtechnology).Thedoorbellkeepsrin

gingandthereisthefamiliarbrownpapercarrierbag,handedsmilinglytomebyWing，”Morriswrote.Readersandnetizensaroundtheworldhaveb

eentouchedbythisrelationshipthatcrossesnationalboundariesandfocusesonhumankindness.“Youknowthatmostpeopleinthisworldjustwanttoli

veagoodlife，”onereadercommented.“IcomefromoldIreland,soIcantellyouathingortwoaboutconflict.Thepointis,mostpeopleareverygoodwithbigheartsandwantt

heirchildrentogrowupsafeandinplaceslikethiscountrycanoffer.”[解题导语]互为邻居的两位老人温女士与安吉·莫里斯虽然语言不通无法交流，但温女士在得知莫里斯要做手术的

消息后，主动为其做饭。她的善举感动了很多读者和网友。1．WhydidMs.WingcookmealsforMorris?A．Morrishadsomehealthproblems.B．Wingwasane

xpertcook.C．Ms.Winghadnothingelsetodo.D．Theywereraisedinthesameplace.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorris

hadtoundergoheartsurgery.可知，温女士因为知道莫里斯要做手术，所以做饭给她吃。故选A项。2．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.Wing?A．Kind

-hearted.B．Sensitive.C．Communicative.D．Arrogant.A解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，温女士一直自愿为邻居做饭，所以推断她是一位善良、热心的女士，故选A项。sensitive意为“敏感的”；communicative意为“爱说话

的，好社交的”；arrogant意为“傲慢的；自大的”。3．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Mostpeopleinthisworldarehavingagood

life.B．Peoplefromdifferentcountrieseasilyhaveconflicts.C．OldIrelandisaplacewherechildrencangrowupsafe.D．Peopleareimpressedandmov

edbyMs.Wing’sbehavior.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段以及第八段网友的留言可知，很多读者和网友都被温女士的善举所感动，感受到了跨越国界和语言的人性之善。故选D项。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．AVoluntary

Cook.B．ServingYourNeighbor.C．KindnessBeyondLanguage.D．NutritiousMeals.C解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述一位来自中国的温女士虽与邻居莫里斯言语不通，但是得知莫里斯要做手术

的消息后，一直自愿为她做饭，这一超越语言和国界的善举感动了很多读者和网友。由此可知，C项最适合用作文章标题。B(2017·河北衡水中学高三大联考)ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees(大黄

蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群体)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.R

esearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbir

ds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask，andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggest

ingtheabilityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresearch,p

ublishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.Thestringswereattachedto

discs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthef

oodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechance

tosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeesp

ullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthete

chniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedthepro

ject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.[解题导语]本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会

传播自己所学的技能。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ordinary.B．Unique.C．Benefi

cial.D．Widespread.B解析：词义猜测题。第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和addtotheevidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。故选B项。6．Whatdidtheresearchersfi

ndaboutbees?A．Beeslearnbestininsects.B．Beesareascleverasbirds.C．Beesareborngoodlearners.D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.D解析：细节理解题。依据第四段中的thescientist

swereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet可知，科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能。故选D项。7．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?A．Whatelsebees

cando.B．Wherebeeslearnskills.C．Howbeesteachothers.D．Howbees’brainswork.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句．..theteamisinterest

edinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.可知，科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑思考过程很感兴趣

，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。故选D项。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SmallBees,GreatAbilitiesB．BeesCanLearnandTeach

C．BeesAreSmarterD．LetBeesLearnB解析：标题归纳题。综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项科学发现，即大黄蜂经过训练可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。C(2017·安徽百所

重点高三二模)Ihadthehonourofbeingelectedchiefofmytribe(部落)．Withthetitlecamegreatresponsibility.Itwasmyjobtomakepeacewiththe

MaoriTamakitribe,whosevillagewevisited.Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,st

ickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand,ashead,Iwasforcedtoacceptthispeaceofferingbypickingitup,thentouchingnoseswiththeirchi

ef.“Kiaora，”hesaid,welcomingusintothewoodlandhomeofhispeople.My“tribe”wasmyNewZealandcoachtourgroup,wh

ohadforcedmeintobeingtheirleader.We’dbeenwarnedthattheceremonywasaseriousoccasionandthattolaughorevensmilewouldbeconsideredrudetotheTamaki.Afterth

atitwasnon-stopfunastheydemonstratedtheirancientcustomsandIreceivedinstructioninperformingthehaka,thewardanceimmortalized

(使不朽)bytheAllBlacksrugbyteam.Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow-cookedintheheatjustb

elowthesurfaceinthegeothermal(地热的)areaofNorthIsland,aMaoritraditionknownasahangithatgoesbackanextremelylongperiodoftime.Obviously,thisformofitisputon

fortouristsbutitwashugelyenjoyable.Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort,ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingof

hisowntelevisionshow.“Thewheelsonthebusgoroundandround，”hegotussinging,whilehecircuitedaroundaboutthreetimes.Acou

pleofdaysfromtheendofourtrip,therewasstillsomethingmissing,aNewZealandiconIwantedtoseetomakemygrandtourcomplete.Riding

overaridge,thereitwas—Aotearoa.TheMaorinameforNewZealandtranslatesas“thelandofthelongwhitecloud”.CanIsay“Kiaora,Aotearo

a？”YoubetIcan.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了他去新西兰旅游时接触到的毛利文化。9．Howwerethevisitorsgreetedinthetribe?A．Thesoldiersmadeapalmle

afroad.B．Thesoldierstouchedtheirnoses.C．Thesoldiersshooksticksfiercely.D．Thesoldiersmadenoisewithshuteyes.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theirsoldiersjumpedf

romacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand”可知，毛利部落的勇士们从独木

舟上跳下来，用狂热的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃动声将作者一行人镇住了，他们还在地面上放置一片棕榈叶。这些都是毛利人对游客表示欢迎的方式。故选C。10．WhichreferstotheMaoricook

ingcustom?A．Kiaora.B．Haka.C．Hangi.D．Tamaki.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow­cooke

dintheheat...aMaoritraditionknownasahangi...”可知，在地下土炉中烹制食物是毛利饮食传统，这被称为hangi。11．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedriver?A．Hewasgoodatsing

ing.B．Hemadethejourneymemorable.C．Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.D．HeperformedwellonaTVshow.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thejourne

ybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort，ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow.”可知，作者一行人的回宾馆之旅让他们

难忘：有表演天赋的毛利老司机让作者他们一路欢歌，故选B。12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ATasteofMaoriCultureB．Hello,NewZealandC．TheHonourofBeingaTribeC

hiefD．TheBestofNewZealandA解析：标题归纳题。作者作为赴新西兰的旅游团的队长，在旅游中有幸接触毛利文化，这给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项“体验毛利文化”作标题最佳。