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A(2017·长春监测)LifeintheInternetageislonely—orisit?That’swhatexpertsinhumaninteractionaredebatingafteranewStanfordUniversitysurveyhasbeenpu

blished.Accordingtothestudy,themoretimepeoplespendonline,thelesstheycanspareforreal­liferelationshipswithfamilyandfriends.

Theresearchersasked113peopleabouttheWeb’sinfluenceondailyactivities.36%ofthosepeopleareonlineformorethanfivehoursaweek.“AsInternetusebeco

mesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，”saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.Scho

larsandWebloverscriticizedthestudyforstretchingitsdatatomakethe“isolating”point.While13%ofregularWebusersadmittedth

elossoftimewithlovedones，60%reportedwatchinglessTV.Thesurveyalsoshowsthate­mailisthemostpopularonlineactivity.Ifsomeofwebheads(网虫)spendwha

twasoncepassiveTVtimekeepingcompanywithfriendsviae-mails,“that’samovetowardgreaterconnectedness，”saysPaulResnick，aprofessorattheUniversity

ofMichigan.Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.A1998reportmonitored73Pittsburgh­areafamilies’Internetuseforayear.Peoplewhoused

theInternetmore“talkedlesstofamilymembersandreportedbeinglonelierandmoredepressed，”saysRobertKraut.“It’struethattherehavebeenbigdeclinesin

socialconnectednessoverthepastdecades,butthosedeclinesbeganbeforetheInternetwasinvented，”saysThomasPutnam

.AsAmitayEtzionisays,theInternetgivesusadifferentkindofsociallife—notbetterorworsethanbefore,butjust

different.[解题导语]本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，即网络是否会导致社会孤立以及来自社会各界的讨论。1．WhoclaimedthattheWebhadnegativeinfluence?A．RobertKraut.B．PaulResnick.C．Th

omasPutnam.D．AmitayEtzioni.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AsInternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effect

onsociety，”saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.可知，罗伯特·克劳特认为随着网络使用越来越广泛，网络会导致社会孤立效应。故选A项。2．Theunderlinedword“T

his”inPara.4refersto________．A．thestudyconductedbyStanfordUniversityB．thesurveymadebytheUniversityofMichiganC．thec

onclusioninareportwrittenin1998D．theopinionexpressedinBowlingAloneA解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：这不是第一次有人称网络应该受到批评。这仍然是罗

伯特·克劳特的观点，也就是斯坦福大学开展的调查研究的结果。故选A项。3．Fromthepassagewelearnthat________．A．watchingTVusedtotaketimeawayfromstayingonlineB．36%o

fWebusersspendmorethanfivehoursaweekonlineC．theWebwasblamedmorethanonceforcausinganisolatingeffectD．th

eWebhasthesameinfluenceasthetelephoneandthetelevisionC解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecr

iticized.可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责。故选C项。4．Thepassagemainlydiscusses________．A．howwecanmakeabetteruseoftheInternetB．whethertheInternetcausesaniso

latingeffectC．howdeclinesinsocialconnectednessappearD．whatadifferentlifetheInternetbringstousB解析：主旨大意题。文章以一项调查研究入题，进行了关于网络是否会导致社会孤立效应

的讨论。故选B项。B(2017·广东佛山检测)Thetimesarechanging.OnThursdayOctober13th,singer­songwriterBobDylanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,ma

rkingthefirsttimethehighly­eyed­onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician,andgivingrisetoheateddiscussions.

The75­year­oldwontheprize“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”，theSwed

ishAcademysaid.“For54yearshehasbeenatit,reinventinghimself，”saidSaraDanius,theacademy’spermanentsecretary.“BobDylanwritespoetryfortheear.But

it’sperfectlyfinetoreadhisworksaspoetry.”AndwhilemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews,othersonlin

eandintheliterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee,sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear.NewYor

kTimesBookRevieweditorPamelaPaulsaiditwasgoodnewsbutpointedouthowmany“deserving”noveliststhereare.DirectorMartinScorseseputoutastatementsayinghewas

“overjoyed”thatDylanwasawardedtheprize.“Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogen

erationsofpeoplearoundtheworld，”Scorsesesaid.“Hisworkhasinfluencedandshapedculture,andhehasneverstoppedexplor

ingandgrowingasanartist.TheNobelCommitteehasgivenDylanaformofrecognitionthatfitshisroleinourculture—inwo

rldculture.”DylanwonaPulitzerPrizein2008forhis“greatinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture”.He’sthefirstAmericantow

intheliteraryNobelsinceToniMorrisonin1993.[解题导语]作为一名歌手，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从而引发热议。5．WhydoesBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrizecauseheated

discussions?A．Hecreatedpoeticexpressions.B．Heisknownasamusician.C．Hereinventshimself.D．Heis75yearsold.

B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的markingthefirsttimethehighly-eyed-onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician可知，正是因为鲍勃·迪伦是一位歌手，所以获得诺贝尔文学奖才引发热

议。故选B项。6．WhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?A．Arethankfulto.B．Aresatisfiedwith.C．Are

angrywith.D．Areworriedabout.C解析：词义猜测题。第四段开头的AndwhilemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews中while表示“尽管”，引导让步状

语从句，所以后面的othersonlineandintheliterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee中的arecrosswith与foundgreatdelight意思应该

相反。再根据最后的sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear可判断，arecrosswith应表示“对„„生气”，而不是D项中的“担心„„”。故选C项。7

．WhatcanweknowaboutDylanaccordingtoMartinScorsese?A．DylaninfluencesMartinalot.B．Dylanishappywiththeaward.C．Dylanisapoetratherthanamusicia

n.D．Dylanbenefitsalotfromworldculture.A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoun

dtheworld可知，鲍勃·迪伦对他影响很大。故选A项。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AbriefintroductiontoBobDylan.B．ThereasonforBobDylan’ssucc

ess.C．BobDylan’sinfluenceonAmericanculture.D．DifferentviewsonBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrize.D解析：主旨大意题。文章开头就点明了鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖引起了热议，接着说明了不同的人对此

事的不同态度。故选D项。C(2017·江西名校联盟检测)BiologistRobertPitmanandhiscolleaguestrackedorcas，orkillerwhales,andhumpbackwhal

esoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Toresearchfurther,thescientistsattachedatrackertoafemaleorca,whichallow

edthemtousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.Duringthesevenattacks,th

eorcakilledthehumpbackwhalecalf(幼兽)onthreeoccasions.Butthestorydoesn’tendthere.Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutg

enerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.Whenchasedbyorcas,humpbackwhalesareknowntotrytooutswimorcas.Th

eyarethoughttodothisathighspeedsothattheorcascan’tkeepup.Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotec

tion.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers’boats.Thesewaysoftenreducedtheattack.Butatothertimes,thehumpbackwhalesdecided

tostayandfight.Astheorcasapproached,themotherhumpbackwouldsometimesmovehercalftoherside,orliftitoutofthewaterusingherhe

adorflippers.Shealsoblewhugebreathsofairtodisturbtheorcas,andlungedorchargedatthem,slashing(劈)andslappinghertailandflippers.Perhapsmost

surprisingly,humpbackwhalesalsohaveadultescorts(护卫队)thattrytoprotectcalvesthatarenottheirown,joiningthemotherindefendingthesmal

lerwhale.Theseescortwhaleseitherchargedattheorcas,orplacedthemselvesbetweentheattackersandcalves,slas

hingtheirtailsandflippers.Despitetheeffortsofthemotherwhalesandescorts,theorcasweremoreoftenthannotsuccessfulintheirattacks.Butthepresence

oftheescortsdidreducehowmanytimesawhalecalfwaskilled.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。9．What’sthepurposeofthescientists

’furtherresearch?A．Tokeeparecordofwhales’livinghabits.B．Toobserveorcas’huntinghumpbackwhales.C．Toseewhatl

ife-or-deathbattleswhalesmayface.D．Tofindoutthetechniquesorcasusewhenhunting.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Toresearchfurther...tousesatellitestomonitorhe

rmovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。10．Whydidth

ehumpbackwhalesswimtoshallowwater?A．Toavoidbeingattacked.B．Tohuntforfood.C．Toprotecttheiryoung.D．Totrickthecha

sers.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenu

ndertheresearchers’boats.”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。11．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Whyhumpbackwhalesfallv

ictimtoorcas.B．Howhumpbackwhalesprotecttheircalves.C．Thegreatmotherloveofhumpbackwhales.D．Smallerhumpbackwhales’waysofsurviving.B解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知

，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。12．WhatdoesPitman’sstudyfind?A．Orcasaresuccessfulint

heirattacks.B．It’snoteasyfororcastoobtainfood.C．Humpbackwhalesswimfasterthanorcas.D．Humpbackwhalescouldbeactiv

eanimals.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayl

etpeoplethinkotherwise.”可知，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的、通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。专题强化训练16主旨大意题——标题归纳类[学

生用书P107(单独成册)]A(2017·江西师大附中、临川一中联考)“Myneighbordoesn’tspeakEnglish,butherkindnessneedsnotranslation.”AngieMor

ris,an81­year­oldCanadianwomanwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnowlivesinVancouver,BritishColumbia,wasdescribinghowhernext­d

oorneighbor,Ms.Wing,a68­year­oldChinesewoman,voluntarilycooksmealsforhereveryday.Shecalledit“theultimatehome-del

iveryservice”．Morris’smoving,first­personnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadiannewspaperTheGlobeandMail,hasgonepo

pular，withmorethan24，000onlinereposts.“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag，”shewrote.“Athermoswithhotsoupandastainless­steel

containerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp，sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbecomeanalmostdailyo

ccurrence.”WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor,eventh

oughthetwowomenhavenowayofcommunicatingverbally.WingspeaksonlyMandarin,andMorris’sMandarinislimitedto

nihao(hello)．“Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slan

guage,butcommunicatingonewayoranother(withsomehelpfromtechnology).Thedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarbrownpapercarrierbag,hand

edsmilinglytomebyWing，”Morriswrote.Readersandnetizensaroundtheworldhavebeentouchedbythisrelationshipthatcrossesnationalbou

ndariesandfocusesonhumankindness.“Youknowthatmostpeopleinthisworldjustwanttoliveagoodlife，”onereadercommented.“IcomefromoldIreland,soIcantel

lyouathingortwoaboutconflict.Thepointis,mostpeopleareverygoodwithbigheartsandwanttheirchildrentogrowupsafeandinplaceslikethis

countrycanoffer.”[解题导语]互为邻居的两位老人温女士与安吉·莫里斯虽然语言不通无法交流，但温女士在得知莫里斯要做手术的消息后，主动为其做饭。她的善举感动了很多读者和网友。1．WhydidMs.WingcookmealsforMorris?A．Morrishad

somehealthproblems.B．Wingwasanexpertcook.C．Ms.Winghadnothingelsetodo.D．Theywereraisedinthesameplace.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Wingstar

tedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.可知，温女士因为知道莫里斯要做手术，所以做饭给她吃。故选A项。2．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbe

stdescribeMs.Wing?A．Kind-hearted.B．Sensitive.C．Communicative.D．Arrogant.A解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，温女士一直自愿为邻居做饭，所以推断她是一位善良、热心的女士，故选A项。sensitive

意为“敏感的”；communicative意为“爱说话的，好社交的”；arrogant意为“傲慢的；自大的”。3．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Mostpeopleinthisworldarehavingagoodlife.B．P

eoplefromdifferentcountrieseasilyhaveconflicts.C．OldIrelandisaplacewherechildrencangrowupsafe.D．Peopleareimpressedandmoved

byMs.Wing’sbehavior.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段以及第八段网友的留言可知，很多读者和网友都被温女士的善举所感动，感受到了跨越国界和语言的人性之善。故选D项。4．Whatcanb

ethebesttitleofthispassage?A．AVoluntaryCook.B．ServingYourNeighbor.C．KindnessBeyondLanguage.D．NutritiousMeals.C解析：标题归

纳题。文章主要讲述一位来自中国的温女士虽与邻居莫里斯言语不通，但是得知莫里斯要做手术的消息后，一直自愿为她做饭，这一超越语言和国界的善举感动了很多读者和网友。由此可知，C项最适合用作文章标题。B(2017·河北衡水中学高三大联考)ScientistsinBritainhavemanaged

toteachbumblebees(大黄蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群体)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitethe

irtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbirds,sho

wedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask，andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabi

lityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresea

rch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirleg

sandfeet.Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscre

en.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogetto

it.Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasth

enallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolon

ies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhogui

dedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.[解题导语]本文介绍了大黄蜂经过

训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ordinary.B．Unique.C．Beneficial.D．Widespread.B解析：词义猜测题。

第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和addtotheevidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。故选B项。6．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A．Beeslearnb

estininsects.B．Beesareascleverasbirds.C．Beesareborngoodlearners.D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.D解析：细节理解题。依据第四段中的thescientistswere

abletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet可知，科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能。故选D项。7．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocuson

next?A．Whatelsebeescando.B．Wherebeeslearnskills.C．Howbeesteachothers.D．Howbees’brainswork.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句．..thetea

misinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.可知，科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑

思考过程很感兴趣，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。故选D项。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SmallBees,GreatAbilitiesB．BeesCanLearn

andTeachC．BeesAreSmarterD．LetBeesLearnB解析：标题归纳题。综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一项科学发现，即大黄蜂经过训练可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。C(2017·安徽百所重点高三二模)Ihadthehono

urofbeingelectedchiefofmytribe(部落)．Withthetitlecamegreatresponsibility.ItwasmyjobtomakepeacewiththeMaoriTamakitribe,whosevillagew

evisited.Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroun

dand,ashead,Iwasforcedtoacceptthispeaceofferingbypickingitup,thentouchingnoseswiththeirchief.“Kiaora，”hesaid,welcomingusintothewoodl

andhomeofhispeople.My“tribe”wasmyNewZealandcoachtourgroup,whohadforcedmeintobeingtheirleader.We’dbeenwarnedthattheceremonywasaseriousoccasionandthat

tolaughorevensmilewouldbeconsideredrudetotheTamaki.Afterthatitwasnon-stopfunastheydemonstratedtheirancientcustomsandIreceivedinstructioninperf

ormingthehaka,thewardanceimmortalized(使不朽)bytheAllBlacksrugbyteam.Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefand

vegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow-cookedintheheatjustbelowthesurfaceinthegeothermal(地热的)areaofNorthIsland,aMaoritraditionk

nownasahangithatgoesbackanextremelylongperiodoftime.Obviously,thisformofitisputonfortouristsbutitwashugelyenjoyable.Thejourneybacktothehotelw

asaloneworththeeffort,ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow.“Thewheelsonthebusgoroundandround，”hegotussinging,whilehecircuited

aroundaboutthreetimes.Acoupleofdaysfromtheendofourtrip,therewasstillsomethingmissing,aNewZealandicon

Iwantedtoseetomakemygrandtourcomplete.Ridingoveraridge,thereitwas—Aotearoa.TheMaorinameforNewZealandtranslatesas“thelandofthelong

whitecloud”.CanIsay“Kiaora,Aotearoa？”YoubetIcan.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了他去新西兰旅游时接触到的毛利文化。9．Howwerethevisitorsgree

tedinthetribe?A．Thesoldiersmadeapalmleafroad.B．Thesoldierstouchedtheirnoses.C．Thesoldiersshooksticksfiercely.D．Thesoldie

rsmadenoisewithshuteyes.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,sti

ckingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand”可知，毛利部落的勇士们从独木舟上跳下来，用狂热的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃动声将

作者一行人镇住了，他们还在地面上放置一片棕榈叶。这些都是毛利人对游客表示欢迎的方式。故选C。10．WhichreferstotheMaoricookingcustom?A．Kiaora.B．Haka.C．Hangi.D

．Tamaki.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow­cookedintheheat...aMaoritraditionknowna

sahangi...”可知，在地下土炉中烹制食物是毛利饮食传统，这被称为hangi。11．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedriver?A．Hewasgoodatsinging.B．Hemade

thejourneymemorable.C．Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.D．HeperformedwellonaTVshow.B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort，ou

relderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow.”可知，作者一行人的回宾馆之旅让他们难忘：有表演天赋的毛利老司机让作者他们一路欢歌，故选B。12．W

hatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ATasteofMaoriCultureB．Hello,NewZealandC．TheHonourofBeingaTribeChiefD．TheBestofNewZealandA解析：标题归纳

题。作者作为赴新西兰的旅游团的队长，在旅游中有幸接触毛利文化，这给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项“体验毛利文化”作标题最佳。