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【命题趋势】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。

从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方

面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【满分技巧】

高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙

文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序

，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。二、记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推

论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之

类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答

题技巧重难点02阅读理解之记叙文一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。No.1顺藤摸瓜记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，

包括记叙文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。No.2左顾右盼在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语

或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。No.3刨根问底如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题

型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?＂或是Whatdoest

heauthorimplyin…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。No.4拨云见日每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇

往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还

需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。【热点话题】记叙文热衷话题有：人物故事类，生活经历类。【限

时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（合肥六中2020届高三冲刺最后一卷）话题：文章讲述了发生在纽约一家超市的故事。难度：★★建议用时：6分Astemperaturesapproached90degreesinNewYork

CitylastJuly4th,threepoliceofficershurriedintoaWholeFoodsMarkettogetsomethingcoldtodrink.Whattheywalkedintowasaheatedhumand

rama.Onceinside,thecops(警察),Lt.LouisSojoandOfficersEsanidyCuevasandMichaelRivera,wereapproachedbyastoresecurityguardwhoaskedforhelpwithasuspe

ctedthief.Thewomaninquestiondidn’thavethelookofacareercriminal.Shewasobviouslyscared,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.Thecopslookedqui

cklyinsideherbag.“Al1wesawwascontainersoffood.Wedidn’tseeanythingelse,”CuevastoldCBSNewYork.“I’mhungry,”sheexplainedquietly.Caughtred-handed,thewom

annodoubtexpectedtobecuffed(带上手铐)andputintoprisonforthecrimeofbeinghungrywhilepoor.Butthecopshadotherideas

.“We’llpayforherfood,”Sojotoldthesurprisedsecurityguard.There’dbeennodiscussionamongthethreemen,noneedtoseewhethertheywereallin

.Itwentunsaid.Instead,theypickedupthewoman’sbagandescorted(护送)hertoacashregister,whereeachcontrilbuted$10topayth

ebill.Shewouldnotbearrestedtoday.Allthewomancoulddowasweepinthankfulness.Coveringherfacewithahandkerchiefanddryinghereyes,sherepeated,“Th

ankyou,thankyou.”Shewasn’ttheonlyonetouchedbythisactofsympathyandunderstanding.“Itwasaverybeautiful,genuinemoment,”saysPaulBozymo

wski,whowasatthestore.Hewassotakenbywhathe’dwitnessedthathepostedaphotoonTwitterforalltosee.Butattentionwasneverwhattheofficerssought.Theywer

edrivenbyafarmorecommonemotion.AsSojotoldCNN,“Whenyoulookatsomeone’sfaceandseethattheyneedyouandthey’r

eactuallyhungry,it’sprettydifficultasahumanbeingtowalkawayfromsomethinglikethis.”4.Whydidthewomanweepatfirst?A.Shewasscaredofbeingarr

ested.B.Shewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.C.Shewastoopoortopayforthegoods.D.Shewastouchedbytheactofthesecops.5.Whatdoe

stheunderlinedword“red-handed”inparagraph5referto?A.Intheactofcommittingacrime.B.Forlackofknowledgeorexperience.C.Becau

seoftheblood-coveredhands.D.Onaccountofherpretendedinnocence.6.Wecaninferthatthecopspaidthebillforthewomanto__________.A.seeka

ttentionofthepublicB.gainbothfameandwealthC.solvetheproblemassoonaspossibleD.helpthehungryandpoorwomanoutoftrouble7.Whichofthefollowingbestde

scribesthethreecops?A.Patient.B.Caring.C.Humorous.D.Ambitious.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发生在纽约一家超市的故事，纽约市的三位警察非但没有逮捕一名偷东西的妇女反而

为她买单。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shewasobviouslyscared,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.(她显然很害怕，脸颊被泪水打湿)”及第五段中的“Caugh

tred-handed,thewomannodoubtexpectedtobesenttoprisonforthecrimeofbeinghungrywhilepoor.(这名女士被当场抓获，无疑会因贫穷饥饿

罪而被送进监狱)”可知，这名女士起初哭泣，是因为她害怕被逮捕，故选A项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文Thepoliceofficersglancedinsideherbag.“Allwesawwascontainersoffood..

...(警察瞥了她包里一眼。“我们看到的只是几罐食物，„„)及画线词后“thewomannodoubtexpectedtobecuffed(带上手铐)andputintoprison(无疑会因贫穷饥饿罪而被送进监狱)”可推知，这名妇女“被当场抓获”，所以警察才会查看他的包，可能被送进监狱，所以“

red-handed”意为“正在实施犯罪行为”，故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中警察Sojo说的话“Whenyoulookatsomeone’sfaceandseethattheyneedyouandthey’reactuallyhungry,it’sprettyd

ifficultasahumanbeingtowalkawayfromsomethinglikethis.(当你看到一个人的脸，并且明白他们需要你，他们实际上很饿，作为一个人，很难从像这样的事情中走开)”可知，警察帮助那位妇女付账单是为了帮助这个饥饿又可怜的人摆脱困境。故选D项。【7题详解】推理

判断题。通读全文可知，警察了解那位妇女的偷窃原因之后并没有逮捕她，而是为这位女士付款，再结合最后一段警察Sojo说的话“当你看到一个人的脸，并且明白他们需要你，他们实际上很饿，作为一个人，很难从像这样的事情中走开”可推知，警察是富有同情心的。故选B项。B（长春外国语学校2

020-2021学年第一学期高三年级期初考试）话题：本文讲述了一个非裔美国作家ToniMorrison获得了诺贝尔奖的故事。难度：★★建议用时：6分ToniMorrisonwasanAmericanwriterwh

oreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.Hernovels.Beloved,SongofSolomonandothersexploredthewayAfrican-Americanssearchforfreedomandidentit

yinacountryobsessedwithskincolor.Morrisonwasnearly40whenshepublishedherfirstnovelTheBluestEyein1970.TheNobelPrizecommitteed

escribedherwritingaslanguageitself,alanguageshewantstoliberatefromrace.HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheef

fectsofslaveryandracism.Sheculledhercharacters“theunfreeattheheartofthedemocraticexperiment”.In1988,shewonthePul

itzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved,thestoryofamotherwhokillsherbabydaughterratherthanpermithertobebornintoslavery.Itbecameabest-sellerandwas

latermadeintoafilmwithOprahWinfrey.ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestlivingwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.Shewas

bornin1931.SheattendedHowardUniversity,anall-blackuniversityinWashington,D.C.AtHoward,shereadAfrican.BritishandAmerica

nliterature,includingwritersWilliamFaulknerandVirginiaWoolf.Afterashortmarriage,shebecameasinglemotheroftwosonsandworkedasabookeditorinNewY

ork.SeveralpublishersrejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEyebutitimpressedTheNewYorkTimes'bookcriticJohnLeonard

,whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sochargedwithpainandwonderthatthenovelbecomespoetry”.Morrisonenjoy

edherliteraryfameandwasproudofherNobelPrize.4.WhatareToniMorrison'sbooksmainlyabout?A.Women'sequalityandrights.B.ThedevelopmentofAmerica.C.Theliter

atureofAmerica.D.Americanhistoryandracism.5.WhichofthefollowinghelpedToniMorrisonreceivethePulitzerPrize

?A.Beloved.B.SongofSolomon.C.TheBluestEye.D.TheNewYorkTimes.6.WhyisformerPresidentBarackObamamentioned?A.ToshowBarackObama'ssupportinliterature.B

.ToproveToniMorrison'greatnessasawriter.C.TostressToniMorrison'contributiontoAmerica.D.Toremindreaders

oftheskincolorofBarackObama.7.WhatcanweinferfromJohnLeonard'swords?A.HethoughthighlyofMorrison.B.HerejectedthebookTheBluestEye.C.ThebookTheB

luestEyemadehimpainful.D.ToniMorrison'sbookwashardtounderstand.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇记述文。本文讲述了一个非裔美国作家ToniMorr

ison获得了诺贝尔奖，以及美国最高荣誉的故事。本文介绍了她的个人经历，她为她是非裔美国人以及获得诺贝尔奖而感到骄傲。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中TheNobelPrizecommitteedescribedherwrit

ingaslanguageitself,alanguageshewantstoliberatefromrace.HernovelsdiscussedAmerica'spast,focusingonblackhistoryandtheeffectsofs

laveryandracism.可知诺贝尔奖委员会称她的作品本身就是语言，她希望将语言从种族中解放出来。她的小说探讨了美国的过去，着重于黑人历史以及奴隶制和种族主义的影响。由此可知，ToniMorrison小说

主要是关于美国历史和种族主义。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中In1988,shewonthePulitzerPrizeforhernovelBeloved,thestoryofamotherwhokillsherbabydaughterrathert

hanpermithertobebornintoslavery.可知1988年，她的小说Beloved获得了普利策奖。小说讲述了一位母亲杀死自己年幼的女儿，而不是让她生下来当奴隶的故事。由此可知，Beloved帮助Morrison获得了普利策奖。故选A。【6题详解】推理判

断题。根据第二段中ManyAmericansadmiredherasthecountry'sgreatestlivingwriter,includingformerPresidentBarackObama.可知包括美国前总统奥巴马在内的许多美国人都钦佩她，认为她是美国最伟大的在世作家。由此可

推知，文章美国前总统奥巴马，是为了证明ToniMorrison作为作家的伟大。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段SeveralpublishersrejectedherfirstbookTheBluestEyebutitimpressedTheNewYork

Times'bookcriticJohnLeonard,whobelievedMorrisonwasanimportantnewvoice.Hesaidherwritingwas“sochargedwithpainandwonderthatthenovelbecomespoetry”.可

知几家出版商拒绝了她的第一本书《最蓝的眼睛》，但它打动了《纽约时报》的书评家JohnLeonard，他认为Morrison是一位重要的新声音。他说，她的作品“充满了痛苦和惊奇，以至于这部小说变成了诗歌”。由此可推知，JohnLeon

ard对Morrison评价很高。故选A。C（哈师大附中2020年高三第四次模拟考试）话题：主要记叙了最近17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中上课。难度：★★建议用时：6分RecentlyStilesaged17tookher3-year-oldbrother,J

ames,toherhighschool.AfamilyemergencypreventedherparentsfrombeingabletopickupJames.SotheyaskedStilestostepin.“Thiswasaone-timeevent;wehaveneve

rhadhergethimfromschoolotherthanthisday.Butitwasanemergency,”hermothersaid.“Ifiguredshehadgonetogethimandtakenhimhome.LaterthatdayIsawthepicture

onlineandrealizedthatshehadtakenhimbacktoschool.”LittleJamesquicklyfellasleepinhisbigsister’sarmsatthehighschool.Shedidn’twanttobe

countedabsentormissanywork.Stileswasstudyingtobeanurse.Shewasinherclass,andtheteachergladlywelcomedherlittl

ebrotherin.Hewassotiredfromhisschoolthathesleptmostoftheclass.Shenotonlyhelpedherfamilyoutbutreturnedtoherresponsibilityatschool.Herteacherwasverysu

pportiveanddidn’tmindhimbeingintheclassatall.Hesleptmostofthetimeandifhehadbecomeaproblemshewouldhavetakenhimout.Sheattendsanama

zingschoolthatclearlyseesthevalueinfamilyandeducation.Hermomsaidshecannowputtorestanyworriesshe’shadthatthe14-yearagegapbetw

eenStilesandJameswouldkeepthemfrombeingclose.Asamom,shewasthankfulthattheyhadthiskindofrelationship,andsheprayeditwoulda

lwaysstaythisway.4.WhydidStiles’parentsaskherforhelp?A.Herfamilywasintrouble.B.Shewasclosetobeinganadult.C.Herbrotherrefusedtoattendschool.D.Her

parentscouldn’tcollectJames.5.WheredidStileswanttoworkwhenshegrewup?A.Inahospital.B.Inaschool.C.Inafactory.D.Inashop.6.WhatwasStiles’t

eacher’sattitudetoheract?A.Opposed.B.Critical.C.Ambiguous.D.Approving.7.WhatoncemadeStiles’motherconcerned?A.Stiles’badperformanceinthekey

school.B.Stiles’identityofbeingaseniorhighstudent.C.Stiles’terriblerelationshipwithherclassmates.D.TheagedifferencebetweenStilesandherbrothe

r.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了最近17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中上课，因为家庭紧急情况使她的父母无法去接James。她不仅帮助了她的家庭，而且在学校也负起了责任

。文章还说明了Stiles的老师和父母对此的看法。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段RecentlyStilesaged17tookher3-year-oldbrother,James,toherhighschool.Afamilyemergencyprev

entedherparentsfrombeingabletopickupJames.SotheyaskedStilestostepin.可知最近，17岁的Stiles带着3岁的弟弟James去了她的高中。家庭紧急情况使她的父母无法去接James。

所以他们请Stiles帮忙。由此可知，Stiles的父母向她寻求帮助，因为她的父母不能去接James。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Stileswasstudyingtobeanurse.可知Stile

s正在学习成为一名护士。由此可推知，Stiles长大后想去医院工作。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Herteacherwasverysupportiveanddidn’tmindhimbeingintheclassatall.可知她的老师非常支持他，根本不介意他来上

课。由此可推知，Stiles的老师对她的行为持支持态度。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Hermomsaidshecannowputtorestanyworriesshe’shadthatthe14-yearagegapbetweenStilesandJameswouldke

epthemfrombeingclose.可知她的妈妈说，她曾经担心Stiles和James之间14岁的年龄差距会影响他们的关系，现在她可以打消这种担心了。由此可知，Stiles和她弟弟之间的年龄差距曾经让Stiles的母亲担心。故选D。D（江西师大附中2020届高三三模英语考试卷）话题：文章讲

述了发生在加州的一次严重的大火。难度：★★建议用时：6分WildfireswererapidlyspreadingthroughnorthernandsouthernCaliforniaaspowerfulwindssweptthroughthestate,burninghomesandforc

ingmorethan200,000peopletoleavetheirhomes.Thousandsofstructuresweredestroyedinthemassivefires.Firefighter

sandvolunteersworkedaroundtheclock,riskingtheirlivestosaveothers,althoughthickcloudsofwildfiresmokehungintheair.Butit'snotjusthumansindan

ger’spath.AvideoofahorserunningawayfromtherescueteamtofindhisfamilyofhorsesfromCBSLosAngeleswentviral.Thepublicwastouchedbythehorse'sh

eroicactandsharedtheirthoughtsontheInternet.Volunteerswererescuingseveralhorsesfromthewildfirewhenoneofthehorsesjumpedawayfromthegro

up.Theyweretryingtohelpthehorse,butherefused.Theyprobablyhadnoideawhatwaswrongwiththehorse,whojuststartedrunningawayfromthem.Thehorsera

cedbackintodangertoleadhisfamilytosafety,despiterescuers'besteffortstostophim.Heknewhecouldn'tleavethembehind.Asthete

nsionincreased,severalhumanstrangersjumpedintohelptheanimals—theywentbacktotheburningbarnwheresomeofthehorsesremained.Youcanwatchth

ehorserunbackintothesmoke-filledarea,reconnectwiththehorsesinsidethefence,andquicklyaccompanythemoutofthefenced-offarea.Thoughit'snotclea

rfromthevideo,CBSLosAngelesreportedthatallbutoneofthehorsesinvolvedweresaved.DisastrousastheCaliforniawildf

ireshavebeen,thevideoandcountlessotherrescuestories—humansandanimalsalike—areshininglightonallactsofgoo

dnesstakingplace.24.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowbytellingthewildfiresindetailinPara.1?A.Whatcausedthebigwildfires.B.Howseriousthewildfireswere.C.Wha

trescuersdidinthewildfires.D.Howrapidlythewildfiresspread.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrases''wentviral''mean?A.Turnedbad.B.Gotattacked.C.Becameinter

esting.D.Grewpopular.26.Whichwordscanbestdescribethehorse?A.Loyalbutstubborn.B.Caringandcourageous.C.Responsibleandclever.D.Flexiblebut

aggressive.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Fightingdisastersneedsjointefforts.B.Animalsarealwaysfriendsofman.C.Allgooddeedsdeservetobeprai

sed.D.Animalsshowgoodnesstoeachother.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了发生在加州的一次严重的大火，消防队员和志愿者冒着生命危险救人。但同时一匹马逃离救援队，寻找救助自己的马家人的故

事同样使人感动。作者告诉我们：一切善行都值得称赞。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的burninghomesandforcingmorethan200,000peopletoleavetheirhomes.T

housandsofstructuresweredestroyedinthemassivefires.(烧毁了房屋，迫使20多万人离开家园。成千上万的建筑物在大火中被毁)可推测，作者的目的是为了说明野火有多严重。B.Howseriousthewildfireswere.(野火有多

严重)符合以上推测，故选B项。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段的AvideoofahorserunningawayfromtherescueteamtofindhisfamilyofhorsesfromCBSLosAngeleswentviral.Thepublicwas

touchedbythehorse'sheroicactandsharedtheirthoughtsontheInternet.可知，哥伦比亚广播公司洛杉矶分部的有关一匹马逃离救援队，寻找自己的马家人的一段视频wentviral。马的英勇行

为感动了公众，并在网上分享了他们的想法。根据上下文语境，尤其是touched和shared可推测划线部分的意思是“变得受欢迎的”。D.Grewpopular.(变得受欢迎)符合以上猜测，故选D项。【2

6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的Thehorseracedbackintodangertoleadhisfamilytosafety,despiterescuers'besteffortstostophim.Heknewhecouldn'tlea

vethembehind.(这匹马跑回危险中，把他的家人带到安全的地方。他知道他不能丢下他们)可推测，马勇敢且关心家人。B.Caringandcourageous.(体贴且勇敢)符合以上说法，故选B项。B项符合题意，故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的t

hevideoandcountlessotherrescuestories-humansandanimalsalike-areshininglightonallactsofgoodnesstakingplace(视频和无数其他救援故事——人类和动物都一样——都让我们看到了正在发生的所有

善举)可推测，作者告诉我们无论是人类还是动物，一切善行都值得称赞。C.Allgooddeedsdeservetobepraised.(所有善行都值得称赞)符合以上说法，故选C项。E（黑龙江省实验中学2020高三期末英语冲刺仿真模拟训练试题六）话题：文章主要讲述了作者认为自然主义者是天生的难度

：★★建议用时：6分Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoo

nabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.Ihaveonlytheunme

morablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswho

gatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.Iamana

turalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigati

ons.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople’sobservationsanddis

coveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whic

hsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworld

donotmakeascientist：Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnoton

lyself-disciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ify

oucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.4.Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?A.Wildlife.B.Music.C.Lang

uages.D.Literature.5.Whycan’ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?A.Hedidn’tlivewiththemforlong.B.Thefamilywasextremelylarge.C.Hewasfullyoccupiedwit

hobservingnature.D.Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?A.Beingknowl

edgeable.B.Beingself-disciplined.C.Beingfullofambition.D.Beingfullofenthusiasm.7.Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascient

ist?A.Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.B.Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.C.Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnatur

alway.D.Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople’sobservations.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者认为自然主义者

是天生的，而一个科学家应具备自我约束、刻苦训练、坚定的信念和明确的目标。从作者的童年经历和后期成长，作者认为自己的自然主义者而不是科学家。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarm

animals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.”可知，作者童年时对农场的那些狗、鸟、动物至今历历在目，所以令作者童年印象深刻的是那些野生生物。故选A项。【5题详解】细节

理解题。根据第三段最后一句“NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohav

eacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.”通过作者回忆在农场的日子，他对那里的小动物记忆犹新，但是对那里的亲戚们却记不住了，可见他从小就被自然吸引。故选C

项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可知，作者从小热

爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一名自然主义者。由此可推知，一个天生的自然主义者首先要充满热情，故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Oneoftheoutstandingandessenti

alqualitiesrequiredisself-discipline,aqualityIlack.”可知，作者明白自己缺少科学家的素质，因为一个科学家最基本的素质就是“自律”。故选A项。【点睛】推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做

出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义和隐含意义的过程。如第3小题，问题是对于作者来说，自然学家具备的首要品格是什么？根据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofth

enaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一名自然主义者。由此

可推知，一个天生的自然主义者首先要充满热情，故选D项。