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A(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,too

ffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgrati

tude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepo

werofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdow

nthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherf

riendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofother

s.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’

presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewe

restillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochang

esmeforthebetter.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltshel

tersforthem.B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.C．Hecametostaywiththem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Wewerethere

,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer‘psychologicalfirstaid’andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.”可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感

激“我”，故C项正确。2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway?A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B．Hewenttohisfriend’satonce.C．Heknewwhatto

doinstantly.D．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypers

onalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3．Whatdoestheunderli

nedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutcosy.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandunhappy.D解析：词义

猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromth

epainofhisAIDS-relateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Afriendinneedisaf

riendindeed.B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteer

canmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init

,noneofusaretrulyalone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。B(2017·重庆调研推测二)Astheworldbecomesmoreconnected,thenumberofpeoplelivi

ngoutsidetheirhomecountryisontherise.Tofindoutwhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconducted

theirannualExpatInsidersurvey.InMalta,warmweatherandnearnesstoEuropearethebigdrawsforthisMediterraneannation.Theclimateleadstoaslowerpaceoflife.“Som

eshopshavea‘siesta’earlyintheafternoon,andmanypeoplenoticeslowserviceattherestaurants，”saidanInterNati

onsConsulfromRome.“Iremembersittingatatablearound8p．m.onceandleavingatmidnight!Weonlyhadastarterandonemain.”InEcuador,frien

dlypeople,affordablehealthcareandtasty,cheapfoodarejustafewreasonsastowhyexpatslovelivinginEcuador.Plus,thecountry’sdiversecitiesgiv

eexpatsalotofchoices.“ThebeautyofEcuadoristhevariety，”saidanInterNationsambassador.“ThepeoplewhocometoretireinEcuadoroftenlookforalowercostofliving,

sothecoastline,thesouthernpartofEcuadorandAmbatowillfitthistypeofexpat.Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedorou

tgoingexpats,Quito,GuayaquilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.”Thebiggercitiesdocomeatacost,hewarned,withhigherpricesforrentandeatingou

t.InNewZealand,thecountry’snaturalbeautydrawspeoplefromacrosstheworld,andwitheasyaccesstobothcitiesandbeaches,expatsusuallyadoptthelocalrelaxe

dlifestyle.AnInterNationsAmbassadorfromHongKongnotesthatatypicalKiwiworks8：30a．m.to5p．m.,neverovertime,andenjoysmealsandwee

kendactivities,likehouseparties,roadtripsorhiking,withtheirfamily.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项目的在于弄清是什么使移民人

士在新家乡感到快乐的调查研究。5．WhatisInterNations’surveyfor?A．Tostudywhythenumberofexpatsisontherise.B．Tomakeclearwhattheexactnumberofe

xpatsis.C．Tolookintohowexpatsadoptedtheirnewhometown.D．Todiscoverwhatpleasesexpatsintheiradoptedcountries.D解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句Tof

indoutwhatmakesexpats(移民)happyintheirnewhometown,theglobalcommunitynetworkInterNationsrecentlyconductedtheirannualExpatInsidersurvey.可知，Int

erNations的调查是为了弄清楚是什么令移民人士对他们移民的国家感到满意。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“siesta”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sale.B．Break.C．Promotion.D．Exhibition.

B解析：词义猜测题。由上文中的“slowerpaceoflife”可知，这些地方的生活节奏很慢，饭店的服务也很慢，由此可推知，商店在下午早早就打烊了。“siesta”应意为“休息”，与B项意思最为接近。故选B。7．Whatdoweknowaboutthee

xpatstoEcuador?A．RichexpatswouldliketoliveinAmbato.B．Alltheexpatslovethelowercostofliving.C．OutgoingexpatsarelikelytochooseCuenca.D．Thebiggerciti

esarethebestchoicesforpoorexpats.C解析：细节理解题。由第五段第三句Inthecaseofbusiness－mindedoroutgoingexpats,Quito,Guayaq

uilandCuencaarethecitiestolivein.可知，性格外向的移民可能会选择昆卡作为定居的城市。故选C。8．ExpatschooseNewZealandbecauseofits___

_________．A．specialclimateB．typicalanimalsC．naturalbeautyD．fastpaceoflifeC解析：细节理解题。由第六段可知，移民选择新西兰主要是因为它的自然美景。故选C。C(2017·银川4月检测)Crossi

ngyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedov

ertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcan

increaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedback

toyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbody

toincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon’tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,

drawn­outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong­termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?D

on’tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesju

stbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtempo

raryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins__and__needles”sensation.Whi

lethefeelingofdiscomfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytoge

tyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillals

osaveyourhealthinthelongrun.[解题导语]本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。9．Whatcanwelearnaboutc

rossingone’slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit.B．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.C．Itcandoharmtopeople’shealth.D．Itcan

makeothersfeeluncomfortable.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother

,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。10．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________．A．

affectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegsA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Ast

udypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎

腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。11．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans“________”．A．slightlysharppainsB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．beinghi

ghlyflexibleA解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingablet

oraiseyourankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。12．Whatisthemain

purposeofthetext?A．Tocomparecommonhabits.B．Togivereaderssomeadvice.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperim

ent.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.B解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。专题强化训练12词义猜测题——猜测指代类/句意类[学生用

书P99(单独成册)]A(2017·广州检测)Weallknowthefeeling:lookingatthecomputerscreen,pretendingtobeinterestedinourhomework,eve

nthoughwereallyfeelbored.Butsuchfeelingsmaysoonbeatanend,saysDr.HarryWitchel,headoftheEssexMedicalSchool.Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefutur

ewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．Beforeyougetconcerned,themachinewon’tbereadingyourmind.

Itwillbeobservingthemanymovementsyoumakewhileusingacomputer.It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachine—likemovingamouseortouchingascre

en—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.Witchelcallsthese“boredommov

ements”andsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatching.Thehighertheinterestlev

el,thelessmovement!Totesthistheory,Witchelinvited27peopletoperformvariouscomputer－basedtasks.Theacti

vitiesrangedfromplayingonlinegames(aninterestingtask)toreadingdocumentslikegovernmentlawsthatmostpeoplewouldfindbori

ng.Aspecialvideocamerafollowedtheparticipants’movementsastheycompletedeachtask.Justastheresearcherexpected,the“boredommovements”greatly

decreased,byasmuchas42%,whenthesubjectswereveryinterestedinwhattheywerereadingorseeing.Fortunately,Dr.Witchelisn’tplanning

tousehisresultstocreatemachinesthatreportstudentswhoarenotpayingattentionatschool.Instead,hewants“movementsensing”tec

hnologytobebuiltintofuturecomputersinordertoimprovestudents’computer－basedlearningexperience.Thescientistsaysthatbymeasuringthestudents’intere

stlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeepstudentsfocused.Witchelalsobelievesthatthetechnologycanprovidef

ilmmakerswithhonestaudienceopinionsandinthefuture,helptodevelopmoreintelligentrobots.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。Witchel博士所做的

一项实验表明：当人们感兴趣于读或看的内容时，无聊感就会有所下降。所以可以将该项结果应用于教育中，通过实时调整学习材料提高学生的学习兴趣。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”in

Paragraph1referto?A．Homework.B．Acomputer.C．Boredom.D．Thefuture.C解析：代词指代题。由第一段最后一句Hebelievesthatcomputersofthefu

turewillnoticewhenpeoplefeelboredandeventakeactiontostopit．及语境可推断出，“it”指人们的无聊。故选C。2．WhydidDr.Witchelcarryouth

isresearch?A．Todiscoverhowboredpeoplemove.B．Tofindoutwhatmakespeoplebored.C．Toseeifinterestedpeoplearemoreactive.D．Totestthelinkbetweenboredomandm

ovement.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段最后两句Witchelcallsthese“boredommovements”andsaystheyshowhowinterestedthepersonisinwhattheyarereadingorwatchi

ng.Thehighertheinterestlevel,thelessmovement！可推断出，Witchel做研究的目的是测试无聊和活动之间的关系。故选D。3．WhichmovementwouldWi

tchel’stechnologymostlikelypayattentionto?A．Turningoffthemachine.B．Typingwordsonakeyboard.C．Surfingquicklybetweenwebpages.

D．Movingone’sheadfromsidetoside.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段第三句It’snotinterestedinthebigmovementsneededtousethemachine—likemovingamouseor

touchingascreen—butsmall,barelynoticeablemovementslikeclosingyoureyes,movinginyourseatorrubbingyourface.可推知，这项技术会注意到一个人头部的移动。故

选D。4．Howwillthenewtechnologyhelpeducation,accordingtoWitchel?A．Byreducingteachers’workload.B．Bymaintainingstudents’lear

ninginterest.C．Byreportingstudents’misbehaviorinclass.D．Bymakinglearningmorelikeacomputergame.B解析：细节理解题。由最后一段第一句Thescientistsaystha

tbymeasuringthestudents’interestlevelastheywork,educatorswillbeabletoadjusttheirmaterialsinreal－timetokeeps

tudentsfocused.可知，这种新技术可以帮助学生维持他们的学习兴趣。故选B。B(2017·河南实验中学模拟)ThepoliceinTaiwanareunabletojudgewhethertotreatit

asanextremelycleveractofstealingoranevencleverercheat.Eitherway,itcouldbetheperfectcrime,becausethecriminalsarebirds—homingp

igeons!Thecrimebeginswithatelephonemessagetotheownerofastolencar:Ifyouwantthecarback,payup.Then,thecarowneri

sdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytotheneckofthepigeoninside.Carryingthemoneyinatinybag,thep

igeonfliesoff.Therehavebeenatleastfoursuchpigeonpick－upsinChangwa.Whatatfirstseemedliketheworkofacleverstay－at－homecarthief,however,mayinfactbethewor

kofanevenlazierandmoreinventivecriminalmind—onethatavoidsnotonlycollectingmoneybutalsogoingouttostealthecarinthefirstplace.PoliceofficerChe

nsaysthatthecriminalprobablyhaspulledadoubletrick:Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.Insteadofstealingcars,helet

ssomeoneelsedoitandthenwaitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanadinthenewspaperaskingforhelp.Thetheoryissupportedbythefacttha

t,sofar,noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturned.Also,theamountofmoneydemanded—under3，000Taiwandollars—seemstoolittleforacarworthmanytimesmore.Deman

dsforpigeon－deliveredmoneystoppedassoonasthepressreportedthestory.Andeveniftheystartagain,Chenholdslittlehopeofcatc

hingthecriminal.“Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo，”hesaid.[解题导语]本文介绍了一种新型的犯罪行为。台湾的警察无法断定这到底是聪明的盗窃行为还是更加聪明的诈骗行为，因为罪犯是信鸽。5．Afterth

ecar－ownerreceivedaphonecall,he________．A．wenttoacertainpigeonandputsomemoneyinthebagitcarriedB．gavethemone

ytothethiefandhadhiscarbackinaparkC．sentsomemoneytothethiefbymailD．toldthepressaboutitA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then,thecarowneri

sdirectedtoapark,toldwheretofindabirdcageandhowtoattachmoneytotheneckofthepigeoninside.可知，车主接到电话后，他会被指示去某个公园找到鸟笼，把钱系到鸟笼内鸽子的脖子上。故选A

项。6．Thewritermentionsthefactthat“noneofthestolencarshavebeenreturned”toshow________．A．howeasilypeoplegetfooledbycriminalsB．whatChenthinksmightbecorre

ctC．thethiefisextremelycleverD．themoneypaidistoolittleB解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Hegetsmoneyforthingshecannotpossiblyreturn.可知，警察认为那些丢

车的人根本不可能拿回他的车。故选B项。7．Theunderlinedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto____________．A．criminalsB．pigeonsC．thestol

encarsD．demandsformoneyD解析：词义猜测题。上文提到一旦报纸报道了这件事，这样的事情就没有了。由此可知they就是指代上文提到的Demandsforpigeon－deliveredmoney。故选D项。8．Wemayinfe

rthatthecriminalknowshowtoreachthecar－ownersbecause____________．A．hereadstheadsinthenewspaperB．helivesinthes

ameneighborhoodC．hehasseenthecar－ownersintheparkD．hehastrainedthepigeonstofollowthemA解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句．..waitsforthecar－ownertoplaceanad

inthenewspaperaskingforhelp.可知，罪犯看了报纸上的广告然后找到丢车的人。故选A项。C(2017·山西省际名校联考)ThistimelastyearIenteredtwolong-distancemass-participationsw

immingevents,includingtheJubileeRiver10kmswim.Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealityi

s,Iliveinfearofcominglast.Lastyear,beforethetwoevents,IrealizedthatIcouldn’tdealwithcominglast.Ihadlookedattheswimtimesofthosewhohadcompletedthepre

viousyearandcalculatedthat,atmycurrentswimpace,Iwouldprobablyhavecomelastinboth.Ijustcouldn’tfaceit.Butwhennextyearcamearound,Idecidedtoentert

hosesameeventsagain.Forafewmonths,Itrainedhard,butIdidn’tgetanyfaster.ThenitwasJune5,thedayoftheJubileeRiver10km.Theevents

tartedat9：30a．m.,andtheswimmerswereanxiousandeagertostart.AsIswamalong,theriverwasquietandcleanandeverythingwaspeaceful.Thesunshone.Meado

ws(草地)rolledbyandeverynowandthensomeonewouldwaveatthesceneunfoldinginthewater.Asthedayworeon,somehowIdidn’tm

indthat,predictably,almosteveryonewasahead.Therewereatleastsomeswimmersstillnearme,andalthoughwesharedthesamerive

rwequietlyoccupiedourownspaces.AsIconcentratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,Ireal

izedIwasenjoyingmyself.Intheend,fourhoursand29minutesafterI’dstarted,Istaggered(摇摇晃晃地走)outofthewaterandwasgreetedwithasmileanda“welldone”from

theraceorganizer.Iglancedbackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafiel

dofaround300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.I__was__just__relieved,__proud__and__happy__to__finish.AsIdroveaway,mythou

ghtsturnedtomynextlongraceoftheseasonandhowmuchIwaslookingforwardtoit,myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)

．[解题导语]作者参加10公里游泳比赛，把名次看得不重要，而是享受比赛的过程。9．Theauthorintendedtoquitswimmingmainlybecause________．A．shefearedthats

hecouldn’tfinishthetworacesB．shewasafraidthatshewouldletfamilymembersdownC．shewasunwillingtoacceptthepossibilit

yoffinishinglastD．shewasn’tfullypreparedforthetworacesC解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Atthelastminute,justbeforebothswims,Idecidedtopullout.Therealit

yis,Iliveinfearofcominglast.可知，是因为她不愿意接受最后一次完成的可能性。故选C。10．Theauthorhopestoconveythemessagethat________．A．nevergiveupwhenfacingchallengesB．

itisprocessthatmattersmostC．failureisthemotherofsuccessD．winnersalwaystakeitallB解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的AsIcon

centratedondoingmyownthing,watchingthesky,thebank,theotherswimmingcapspassingornotpassing,IrealizedIwasenjoyingmyself.可知，作者享受比赛的过程。故选B。11．

Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthefifthparagraph?A．Shetookprideinleavingalltheotherswimmersbehind.B．Shewasproudthatshewasnotthelasto

neintherace.C．Shewasgladtofinishtheraceandhadasenseofrelief.D．Shewasproudtobepraisedbytheorganizer.C解析：句意猜测题。根据第五段中的Iglancedb

ackovermyshouldertowardthewaterandnoticedthattherewereasmallhandfulofswimmerswhowerestilltofinish,behindme,outofafieldofarou

nd300swimmers.Butitdidn’tmatter.可知，成绩虽然不理想，但是作者认为并不重要，可知，作者很高兴完成比赛，有一种欣慰感。故选C。12．Itcanbeinferredfromtheendthattheauthorislikely

to________．A．participateinanotherracewithoutanyhesitationB．analyzethereasonwhyshefailedintheraceC．loseconfidencecompletelyD．dec

idewhethersheissuitablefortheraceA解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的AsIdroveaway...myfearsofcominglastgentlyreceding(渐渐远去)．可知，作者会毫不犹豫地参加另一

次比赛，因为她在享受比赛。故选A。