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北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试（共三部

分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,then

ewgirlMollystillremained1aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofw

hattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor2.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherst

udentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingof

her,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,Ireachedintomypocket

andpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(货币).Ineededto7hercooperation.“Here,I’ll8youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspe

dthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.Aminutelater,Br

iannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMol

lytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassma

tesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.understandi

ngD.respect3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed5.A.studiedB.selectedC.supportedD.examined6.A.c

omfortingB.warningC.painingD.protecting7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure8.A.helpB.payC.prepareD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernC.sorrowD.re

gret10.A.excitementB.courageC.guiltD.impatience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空

白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASpaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.Yur

iGagarin11(become)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalk12themoon.Sincethen,spacee

xplorationhasadvancedvery13(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch14(amaze)technologythatbringschangestotheworld.BLeaf-cutterant

sareinteresting.15(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteoffbitsofleavesandcarrythemback.Watchingthese

antsmarchinsinglefile,carryingleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat16(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves17(collect)bytheantsarenotf

oreating.Theyarebroughtbacksofungus(真菌)cangrowonthem.Thefungusisthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdra

wingstotellastoryandapowerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedinmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupi

ntopieces.Eachpieceofthestory19(draw)outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peoplewerethenabletotalkaboutandrevisethestor

ybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。ADearJimO’Connor,MynameisAnnieLeandIamwritingtoyouonbehalfoftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agrou

pofpeopleworkingonstartingacommunitygardenintheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedat

WestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourlandasthesiteofourgarden.Ingeneral,acommunitygardenisaspacewhereplantsaregrownandtak

encareofbyagroupofpeopleinthecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestotalktoeachotherandb

eautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenfoodandthereforereducingthehouseholdcostoffood.Toensurethesmo

othrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbeincharge.Youwouldhaveaccesstoallthesevolunteersandtheywouldliketoansweranyquestionsyou

mayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheycanbringtoacommunity.Wewouldlovetospeakwithyouinpersonoroverthe

phonetodiscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourlandwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganagreement,rentalcharges,gardenrules,andwateracces

s.Allthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyus.Wewouldalsoliketopresenttoyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldverymuchliketohaveyoursu

pport.Thankyouforyourconsiderationandpleasefeelfreetocontactme.Thankyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhydidAnnieLewritetoJimO’Connor?A.Torenthisland.B

.Toofferhimajob.C.Toinvitehimtojoinhergroup.D.Toinformhimofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatw

illthegardenbringtothecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.B.Lesswaterpollution.C.Morecommunication.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldliketofurtherdiscuss

________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningskillsD.communitydevelopmentBLocalbarber(理发师)goesaboveandbeyondforalittleboy“Thatdaystar

tedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnasaid.“Andweforgothisheadphones.Wewererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewitwasgoingtobedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaand

hersonfinallyarrivedattheirappointment,itseemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oldJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegettinghish

aircut.“Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,”Erinnaexplained.“UsuallyIhavetodosomecoachingtogethiminthechair.Hewillputonhisheadphones,andwepowerthrough.

”ErinnasaidJacksonisatypicallittleboywholovestoplayandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.Thestresswasso

intenseformomandsonthatalmosttwoyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasinthehandsofRee,theb

arber,andthingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededtosaveMariobymakingsure

nohairgotonhim.Shecuthishairwhilehemovedandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedtohimthroughouttheentireprocess,encou

raginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimengaged.“Itjusttouchedmesomuch,”Erinnasaid.“Shenurturedthatrelat

ionship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIcangoaboveandbeyondforachild,”Reesaid.“Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.The

ywanttoexpressthemselvessoItrytofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcomfortable.”Jackson’ssmiletoldtherestofthestor

y.Erinnawasverymovedbyherson’shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Giventhehugeresponse,Eri

nnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportReetomakesureshe’sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.Whatu

suallyhelpedtocalmJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother’strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisbarber’sencouragement.D.Hish

eadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedincuttingJackson’shair?A.Byinspiringhimtobebrave.B.Bycooperatingwithhismother.C.Byturningthehaircutin

toagame.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.ToexpressthankstoRee,Erinna________.A.raisedmoneytosupportherB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsC.goth

aircutsathershopregularlyD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonline27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRee?A.Kin

dandhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Patientandcreative.D.Confidentandfriendly.CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlik

earandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabled

espitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比关系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocation

andthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisi

tnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinsta

nce,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfiv

ekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexam

inedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltosho

pping—obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequiresti

meandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryin

gtooptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcenterso

rpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyre

searchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthe

semodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatternswithincities—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdise

asetransmission.Epidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thos

eorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanyp

eopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweeps

throughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslonger,heexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoes

theunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymod

els”inParagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionra

tes.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfaste

rinruralareasthaninbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitie

sthaninruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomers

thatithad“limitedability”todelivericecreamtothem.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesu

pplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型货

车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tworry.Thisincidentser

vesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranoth

eroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.Inhisrecentlyupdate

dbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoran

other,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargeti

salwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprisi

ng,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillu

sesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightli

ketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40perce

ntweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn’ttakemuchtomovepeo

pletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswe

reunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,c

heaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvol

veslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwh

ilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebegu

iledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyn

eedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfort

raditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoM

ikeBerners-Lee,________.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.weare

closertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”inParagraph7canbereplacedby________.A.wastingB.devalui

ngC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontorenewableenergy?A.Indifferent.B.Defensive.C.Disa

pproving.D.Cautious.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。RethinkingObesity(肥胖症

)Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontro

lworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexerciseh

abits—achallengemademoredifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,tasty,highlyprocessedfoods.36Inarecentpaper,

mycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedriventoo

vereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityisinsulin(胰岛素).Processed,rapidlydigestiblecarbohydrates(碳水

化合物食品)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallss

uddenly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Thetwoopposingviewsofcauseandeffectinobesityhaveverydifferentimplicati

onsforhowtopreventandtreatweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesonhowmuchtoeat,withprescriptions(处方)fordailycalorieintake.38H

igher-fatfoodsmayhelpgetridofbodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayo

fthinkingmighthelpexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,l

ow-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtende

ncytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsabo

utcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavecontrolledourthinkingfordecades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B

.Inourview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeat.C.Itisimportanttocontroltheamountoffoodconsumedbyus.D.Obesityisadiseasethataff

ects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomes

abattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代谢).G.Thiscausesfatcellstotakeintoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41

题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactonthepla

net.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-p

ackagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate

.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandref

illthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalki

ngdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou’rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou

’redoinggreatbutifyou’redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it’st

hewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits

.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefil

lshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn’thavetobeallthetimebutminimisingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeap

ositivedifference.40.Whatarerefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?42.P

leasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Refillshopsarebuiltincommunitiesw

ithinwalkingdistancebecausedrivingtotheseshopscancostmoney.43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyo

uthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：1．你推荐的课程；

2．你的理由。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua北京市丰台区2021

—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语参考答案2022.03第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.

5分，共15分）11.became12.on13.rapidly14.amazing15.Tolook16.weighs17.collected18.which19.wasdrawn20.what第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28

分）21.A22.C23.B24.D25.C26.A27.C28.D29.D30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.A36.E37.G38.B39.F第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3

分，第43题5分，共12分）40.Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.41.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshopp

ingisthatitencouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.42.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinw

alkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefillshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.43.略。第二节（20分）DearJim,Howisitgoing?I’mwritingtorecommendadistinctivecoursetoyou—Ch

ineseKungfu.Thiscourseisperfectforyou.First,itisgreatforyouroverallhealth.ChineseKungfuinvolvesalotofbodymo

vements,whichcanmakeyoustrongerandmoreflexible.Itcanalsoreduceyourstressandkeepyouinarelaxedmood.What’smore,thecourseisinteractive.Duringthet

raining,youcangetpositivefeedbackandlearnhowtocooperatewithothers.I’msureyoucanbenefitalotfromit.Areyoureadytogiveitago?Looking

forwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua