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北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共

10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained1aroundherclassm

ates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor2.Brianna,theclasscl

own,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.Wouldyouinvitehe

rtojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5

herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,Ireachedintomypocketandpulle

doutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(货币).Ineededto7hercooperation.“Here,I’ll8youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreen

paper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.Aminutelater,Briannacamebackand

handedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlyw

enttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedfort

hefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.understandi

ngD.respect3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed5.A.studiedB.selectedC.supportedD.examined6.A.comfo

rtingB.warningC.painingD.protecting7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure8.A.helpB.payC.prepareD.forgive9.A.reliefB.

concernC.sorrowD.regret10.A.excitementB.courageC.guiltD.impatience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1

个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASpaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(be

come)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersontowalk12themoon.Sincethen,spa

ceexplorationhasadvancedvery13(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch14(amaze)technologythatbringschangestotheworld.BLeaf-cutterantsarei

nteresting.15(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteoffbitsofleavesandcarrythemback.Watchingtheseantsmarchinsinglefile,carryin

gleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat16(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves17(collect)bytheantsarenotforeating.They

arebroughtbacksofungus(真菌)cangrowonthem.Thefungusisthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstotellastoryanda

powerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedinmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachp

ieceofthestory19(draw)outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peoplewerethenabletotalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis2

0Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearJimO’Connor,My

nameisAnnieLeandIamwritingtoyouonbehalfoftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agroupofpeopleworkingonstartingacommunitygardenintheMesaNeighborhoo

d.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepo

ssibilityofusingyourlandasthesiteofourgarden.Ingeneral,acommunitygardenisaspacewhereplantsaregrownandtakencareofbyagroupofpeopleinthecommun

ity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestotalktoeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenfoodandthereforereducingt

hehouseholdcostoffood.Toensurethesmoothrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbeincharge.Youwouldhaveaccesstoallt

hesevolunteersandtheywouldliketoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheycanbringtoa

community.Wewouldlovetospeakwithyouinpersonoroverthephonetodiscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourlandwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganag

reement,rentalcharges,gardenrules,andwateraccess.Allthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyus.Wewouldalsoliketopresenttoyouou

rvisionofthisspace.Wewouldverymuchliketohaveyoursupport.Thankyouforyourconsiderationandpleasefeelfreetocontactme.Tha

nkyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhydidAnnieLewritetoJimO’Connor?A.Torenthisland.B.Toofferhimajob.C.Toinvitehimtojoinhergroup.D.Toinform

himofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillthegardenbringtothecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.B.Le

sswaterpollution.C.Morecommunication.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldliketofurtherdiscuss________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningski

llsD.communitydevelopmentBLocalbarber(理发师)goesaboveandbeyondforalittleboy“Thatdaystartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnasaid

.“Andweforgothisheadphones.Wewererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewitwasgoingtobedifficultthatday.”WhenEr

innaandhersonfinallyarrivedattheirappointment,itseemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oldJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegetting

hishaircut.“Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,”Erinnaexplained.“UsuallyIhavetodosomecoachingtogethiminthechair.Hewillputonhisheadpho

nes,andwepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonisatypicallittleboywholovestoplayandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverl

oad,andhaircutsareoneofthem.ThestresswassointenseformomandsonthatalmosttwoyearswentbybeforeJacksongo

tanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasinthehandsofRee,thebarber,andthingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtol

dhimthatheneededtosaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonhim.Shecuthishairwhilehemovedandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedtohimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouragi

nghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimengaged.“Itjusttouchedmesomuch,”Erinnasaid.“Shenurturedthatrelations

hip.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIcangoaboveandbeyondforachild,”Reesaid.“Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.TheywanttoexpressthemselvessoItryt

ofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcomfortable.”Jackson’ssmiletoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyherson’shaircut.Shesharedavideoonlin

e,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Giventhehugeresponse,ErinnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportReetomakesureshe’sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylos

tincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedtocalmJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother’strust.B.Hisartbo

oks.C.Hisbarber’sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedincuttingJackson’shair?A.Byinspiringhimtobebrave.B.

Bycooperatingwithhismother.C.Byturningthehaircutintoagame.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.ToexpressthankstoRee,Erinna________.A.raisedmoneyto

supportherB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsC.gothaircutsathershopregularlyD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonline27.Whichofthefoll

owingwordscanbestdescribeRee?A.Kindandhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Patientandcreative.D.Confidentandfriendly.CThepeoplewh

ohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemat

hematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninvers

esquarerelation(平方反比关系)betweenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmays

eemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatth

enumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaw

eek.Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsand

examinedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkid

satschooltoshopping—obeythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedr

esourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.

Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodeli

ngdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersesti

matetravelwith“gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsd

onotaccountfortravelpatternswithincities—informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmission.Epidemiologis

t(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatter

nshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,th

eentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommunity.Butinabiggercity,the

spreadtakeslonger,heexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize

”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6

?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandrur

alinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythe

newlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthaninbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeo

ple’stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistan

tplace.DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivericecreamtothem.Why?Becausethepriceofnat

uralgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolin

theirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’tworry.

Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwin

dandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecades

tocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenerg

yofonekindoranother,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.I

nstead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising

,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.

Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnot

asfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40per

centweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdi

dn’ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenerg

ydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcu

rrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreene

rgydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolvesl

ongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractionclean

erandmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.Ifwedo

n’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideathatsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyneedle

sslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditio

nalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.Accordin

gtoMikeBerners-Lee,________.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.

weareclosertotheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”inParagraph7canbereplacedby________.A.wastingB.devaluingC.distributingD.j

ustifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontorenewableenergy?A.Indifferent.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.第二节（共5小题；每

小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。RethinkingObesity(肥胖症)Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadvic

efordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35Sowhyhasn’tthisapproachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttri

edhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowertomaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemademoredifficulttodayforthoses

urroundedbyinexpensive,tasty,highlyprocessedfoods.36Inarecentpaper,mycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertaking

inmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatt

er.Thekeytohowthisworksinobesityisinsulin(胰岛素).Processed,rapidlydigestiblecarbohydrates(碳水化合物食品)raiseourinsulinlev

eltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowegeth

ungriersooneraftereating.Thetwoopposingviewsofcauseandeffectinobesityhaveverydifferentimplicationsforhowtopreventandtreatweightpro

blems.Theusualapproachfocusesonhowmuchtoeat,withprescriptions(处方)fordailycalorieintake.38Higher-fatf

oodsmayhelpgetridofbodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinking

mighthelpexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestricts

analreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretooma

nycaloriesinbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsab

outcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavecontrolledourthinkingfordecades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.I

nourview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeat.C.Itisimportanttocontroltheamountoffoodconsumedbyus.D.Obesityisadiseas

ethataffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代

谢).G.Thiscausesfatcellstotakeintoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，

第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop

,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywill

bedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)product

s,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refill

andzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkinde

rtotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou’rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou’redoinggreatb

utifyou’redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it’sthewholeprocess

notjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkabou

tourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindep

endentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn’thavetobeallthetimebutminimisingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyoucanwillmakeapositivedifference.40.Whatar

erefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfal

seinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecause

drivingtotheseshopscancostmoney.43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabo

ut40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：1．你推荐的课程；2．你的理由。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim

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___________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语参考答案2022.03第一部分知识运用（共两节

，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11.became12.on13.rapidly14.amazing

15.Tolook16.weighs17.collected18.which19.wasdrawn20.what第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21.A22.C23.B24.D25

.C26.A27.C28.D29.D30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.A36.E37.G38.B39.F第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第4

2题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40.Refillshopsaresmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.41.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitencourag

esustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.42.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefil

lshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.43.略。第二节（20分）DearJim,Howisitgoing?I’mwritingtorecommendadistinctivecoursetoyou—

ChineseKungfu.Thiscourseisperfectforyou.First,itisgreatforyouroverallhealth.ChineseKungfuinvolvesalotofbodymovements,whichcanmakeyoustrongerandm

oreflexible.Itcanalsoreduceyourstressandkeepyouinarelaxedmood.What’smore,thecourseisinteractive.Duringthetraini

ng,youcangetpositivefeedbackandlearnhowtocooperatewithothers.I’msureyoucanbenefitalotfromit.Areyoureadytogiveitago?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,L

iHua