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北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试（共三部分100分）第一部分知识运用（共两节

，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,th

enewgirlMollystillremained1aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingf

or2.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?

”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.S

helookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscu

rrency(货币).Ineededto7hercooperation.“Here,I’ll8youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreen

paper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.Am

inutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromher

quietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherc

lassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.

understandingD.respect3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed5.A.studiedB.selectedC.su

pportedD.examined6.A.comfortingB.warningC.painingD.protecting7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure8.A.helpB.payC

.prepareD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernC.sorrowD.regret10.A.excitementB.courageC.guiltD.impatience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分

）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASpaceexplorationbeganin1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunch

edbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(become)thefirstpersontoorbit(环绕)theearthin1961.In1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirst

persontowalk12themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedvery13(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch14(amaze)technologythatbringschangestotheworld.BLea

f-cutterantsareinteresting.15(look)forleaves,thelargerantsusuallygooutingroups.Theybiteoffbitsofleavesandcarrythemback

.Watchingtheseantsmarchinsinglefile,carryingleaves,isquiteasight.Theseantscancarryaleafthat16(weigh)20timesmorethantheydo.Theleave

s17(collect)bytheantsarenotforeating.Theyarebroughtbacksofungus(真菌)cangrowonthem.Thefungusisthefoodfortheants

.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstotellastoryandapowerfulwaytovisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedinmovie-mak

ing,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory19(draw)outonacardandstucktoaboardinorder.Peopleweret

henabletotalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.Thatis20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题

2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADearJimO’Connor,MynameisAnnieLeandIamwritingtoyouonbehalfoftheNativeHealthC

ommunityGarden,agroupofpeopleworkingonstartingacommunitygardenintheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentia

lgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourlandasthesiteofourgarden.Ingeneral,aco

mmunitygardenisaspacewhereplantsaregrownandtakencareofbyagroupofpeopleinthecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechance

stotalktoeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenfoodandthereforereducingthehouseholdcostoffood.Toensurethesmoothr

unningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbeincharge.Youwouldhaveaccesstoallthesevolunteersandtheywouldliketoansweranyquestionsyou

mayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheycanbringtoacommunity.Wewouldl

ovetospeakwithyouinpersonoroverthephonetodiscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourlandwouldinvolve.Issues

mayincludediscussinganagreement,rentalcharges,gardenrules,andwateraccess.Allthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyus.Wewouldalsolik

etopresenttoyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldverymuchliketohaveyoursupport.Thankyouforyourconsiderationandpleasefeelfreetocontactme.Tha

nkyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhydidAnnieLewritetoJimO’Connor?A.Torenthisland.B.Toofferhimajob.C.Toinvitehimtojoinhergroup.D.Toinformhim

ofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillthegardenbringtothecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.B.Lesswaterpollution.C.Mo

recommunication.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldliketofurtherdiscuss________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardening

skillsD.communitydevelopmentBLocalbarber(理发师)goesaboveandbeyondforalittleboy“Thatdaystartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnasaid.“Andweforgothishead

phones.Wewererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewitwasgoingtobedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaandhersonfinallyarrivedatt

heirappointment,itseemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oldJackson,aboywithautism(自闭症),wouldbegettinghishaircut.“Hejustimmediatelygot

anxious,”Erinnaexplained.“UsuallyIhavetodosomecoachingtogethiminthechair.Hewillputonhisheadphones,andwepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonisatyp

icallittleboywholovestoplayandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.Thestresswassointenseformoman

dsonthatalmosttwoyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasinthehandsofRee,thebarber,andthings

weregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededtosaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonhim.Shecuthis

hairwhilehemovedandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedtohimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariotokeephimenga

ged.“Itjusttouchedmesomuch,”Erinnasaid.“Shenurturedthatrelationship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIcangoabov

eandbeyondforachild,”Reesaid.“Iknowchildrenwanttobefree.TheywanttoexpressthemselvessoItrytofindadifferentstrategytomakethemfeelcom

fortable.”Jackson’ssmiletoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyherson’shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Giv

enthehugeresponse,ErinnaalsosetupaspecialGoFundMetosupportReetomakesureshe’sabletocontinuetoworkandreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthep

andemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedtocalmJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother’strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisba

rber’sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedincuttingJackson’shair?A.Byinspiringhimtobebrave.B.Bycooperatingwithhismother.C.Bytur

ningthehaircutintoagame.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.ToexpressthankstoRee,Erinna________.A.raisedmoneytosupporth

erB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsC.gothaircutsathershopregularlyD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonline27.

WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeRee?A.Kindandhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Patientandcreative.D.Confidentandfrie

ndly.CThepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawsh

owsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,infact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation(平方反比关系)betw

eenthenumberofpeopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmays

eemintuitive(直觉的)thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstanc

e,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromtwokilometersawayfivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Ther

esearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowma

nypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshopping—obeythisin

versesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatternisthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.Atthe

coreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertainlocations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.Understandin

gthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdise

asetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith“gravitymodels”,w

hichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesisproportional(成比例的)totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatternswithincities—information

thatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmission.Epidemiologist(流行病学家)SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrac

kthatflow.“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound(深远的)implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,”Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wherem

anypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthecommun

ity.Butinabiggercity,thespreadtakeslonger,heexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Wha

tdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethe

mostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”inParagraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrac

kingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingc

anbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthaninbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople’stravel

choices.C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.D

EarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“limitedability”todelivericecreamtothem.Why?

Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepf

oodcoolintheirdeliveryvans(小型货车).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn’tmeanyoushouldn’

tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroil

andgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomicandsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestocome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookTh

ereisNoPlanetB,MikeBerners-Leelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoran

other,wearen’tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisa

lwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse—evenifouruseofitbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusageisgoingtokeepris

ing,whileenergytransitions(转变)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeandneveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountof

traditionalbiomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightliketothink.In2019,33p

ercentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.That’sastart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.Ther

e’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowusdown.Itdidn’ttakemuchtomovepeo

pletofossilfuels—theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasytotransport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand

,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandcompanies

willswitchnotbecausethenewsourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.Eit

herway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossilfuels.That

meansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandmoreefficientwhile

wewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturetobesolved.Ifwedon’tdothis—ifweallowourselvestobebeguiledbytheideatha

tsolarissoadvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelstohaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyex

pensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.B.Ourenthusiasmforc

leanenergy.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.D.UK’sdependenceondryice.32.AccordingtoMikeBerners-Lee,________.A

.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientC.energytransitionisfarfrombeingrealizedD.weareclosertoth

eaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”inParagraph7canbereplacedby________.A.wastingB

.devaluingC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardthetransitiontorenewableenergy?A.Indiffe

rent.B.Defensive.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。RethinkingObes

ity(肥胖症)Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35Sowhyhasn’tthis

approachtoweightcontrolworked?Onepossibilityisthatwehaven’ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowertomaintainhea

lthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemademoredifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,tasty,highlypr

ocessedfoods.36Inarecentpaper,mycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyisthe

primarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thekeytohowthisworksinob

esityisinsulin(胰岛素).Processed,rapidlydigestiblecarbohydrates(碳水化合物食品)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal

,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowegethungriersooneraftereating.Thetwoopposingviewsofcauseandeffectinobesityhaveverydifferen

timplicationsforhowtopreventandtreatweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesonhowmuchtoeat,withprescriptions(处方)ford

ailycalorieintake.38Higher-fatfoodsmayhelpgetridofbodyfat,apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghig

h-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinkingmighthelpexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwi

thobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergytothebody,worseningh

ungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthisidea,itistimetoqu

estionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavecontrolledourthinkingfordec

ades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.Inourview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedonwhattoeat.C.Itisimportanttocontroltheamountoffoodconsumedbyu

s.D.Obesityisadiseasethataffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemisthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesa

battlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代谢).G.Thiscausesfatcellstotakeintoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofth

ebody.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everyyearmor

eofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsel

lnon-packagedgoods.Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocalsites,whichmeansl

esscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemanyothersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningpro

ductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersinthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocated

incommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou’rewalki

ngdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou’redoinggreatbutifyou’redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmayca

nceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it’sthewholeprocessnotjusttheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppinga

tlocalrefillshopsisthattheyencourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabouthowwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironm

ent.Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.Itdoesn’thavetobeallthetimebutminimisingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyou

canwillmakeapositivedifference.40.Whatarerefillshops?41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantva

lueofrefillshopping?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Refills

hopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausedrivingtotheseshopscancostmoney.43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopular

ityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：1．你推荐的课程

；2．你的理由。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________Yours,LiHua北京市丰台区2021—2022学年度第二学期综合练习（一）高三英语参考答案2022.03第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共

15分）1.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11.became12.on13.rapidly14.amazing15.Toloo

k16.weighs17.collected18.which19.wasdrawn20.what第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21.A22.C23.B24.D25.C26.A27.C28.D29.D30.

A31.A32.C33.B34.D第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.A36.E37.G38.B39.F第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40.Refillshopsaresmall,indep

endentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.41.Themostimportantvalueofrefillshoppingisthatitencouragesustothinkaboutourconsumerhab

its.42.Accordingtothepassage,refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausewalkingtorefillshopsisenvironmentally-friendly.43.

略。第二节（20分）DearJim,Howisitgoing?I’mwritingtorecommendadistinctivecoursetoyou—ChineseKungfu.Thiscourseisperf

ectforyou.First,itisgreatforyouroverallhealth.ChineseKungfuinvolvesalotofbodymovements,whichcanmakeyoustrongerandmoreflexible.Itca

nalsoreduceyourstressandkeepyouinarelaxedmood.What’smore,thecourseisinteractive.Duringthetraining,youcangetpositivefee

dbackandlearnhowtocooperatewithothers.I’msureyoucanbenefitalotfromit.Areyoureadytogiveitago?Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua