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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinacon

versationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable

;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandinga

person’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandTha

ipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthe

personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Othercultures

mayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferen

tamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopic

underdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberu

detothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofres

pect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrosstheperso

nalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssile

nceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilence

canusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpl

iesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasaca

llforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueas

thepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.4.Whatmaybethebesttitlefort

hetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文

,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyNative

Americansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.及最后一句Inth

esecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistin

thecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBioengi

neersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlocatewhereinth

ebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldprovideawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalproceduresl

ikebiopsies(活组织检查).CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedbydyingtumorcells.Thesetestsareshowin

gpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebloodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethetumoris.“

Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZhang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniora

uthorofthestudy.Inthisstudy,Zhangandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdetecttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartstotakeoverap

artofthebody,itcompeteswithnormalcellsfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdi

e,theyreleasetheirDNAintothebloodstream—andthatDNAcouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmeth

ylationhaplotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidentifiedbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.“Wemadethisdis

coverybyaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalapproachandjustlookingforcancercellsignalsandtryingto

findoutwheretheywerecomingfrom.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromothercellsandrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalsto

gether,wecouldactuallydeterminethepresenceorabsenceofatumor,andwherethetumorisgrowing,”Zhangsaid.Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearch

ersputtogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpatternsof10differentnormaltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancr

eas,spleen,stomachandblood).TheyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandbloodsamplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanD

iegoMooresCancerCentertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarkers.Zhangandhisteamthenscree

nedbloodsamplesfromindividualswithandwithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandthetissue-specif

icmethylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadualauthenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff,isreq

uiredtoassignapositivematch.“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomovethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologists(肿瘤学家)tofu

rtheroptimize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.5.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbloodtest.A.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsiesC.ma

kesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.canhelpdyingtumorcellsreleaseDNA6.Theunderlinedword“them”inPara.3refersto.A.tum

orcellsB.normalcellsC.humanbodiesD.humantissues7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatprofessorZhangsaid?A.Itisimpossibletodeterminethelocat

ionoftumors.B.Conventionalapproachisineffectiveintreatingcancer.C.Thediscoverywasquitebeyondscientists’expectations.D.Themethodhasbeena

pprovedandputintoclinicalpractice.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Morecancerpatientswillreturntonormal.B.Thenewmethodisstillattheprima

rystage.C.AcancerDNAdatabaseislikelytobeestablished.D.Thenewmethodwillbeintroducedtomorecountries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测

癌症的方法。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“...havedevelopedanewbloodtest...awaytodiagnosecancerearly...”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故选C。6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞

,them指代normalcells,故选B。7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018南昌高三二模)InAugustIspenttwoweekswork

ingattheSaurahadaycarecenter.Ifoundworkingwiththechildrenveryrewarding,asIbelievedIwasmakinga1.(differ)tothechildren’slivesan

dfuture.WhenIarrivedinKathmanduitwasthestartoftheChitwanElephantFestivalandIthankedthestaffforchangin

gallprevious2.(timetable),andhelpingmetoexperiencethecultureofthefestival,3.Ienjoyedgreatly.4.mystayinChitwanI

experiencedelephantrides,washingelephantsandIwasluckyenough5.(watch)arareone-hornedrhino(犀牛)calfanditsmother,aswellas6.varietyofotherwildbirdsandanim

als.Thestaffwereveryhelpful,makingsurethatIwashavingfunandtakinggoodcareof7.(I).WhenIfirstarrivedinNepaland8.(greet)bythestaff,Icouldreallysenseth

atthiswasanorganisationwhichisdevotedto9.(assist)othersandthatreallyshonethrough.WhenIwaswiththem,theywerealwaysthinkingo

fdifferentwaysto10.(hopeful)helpmorelocalpeopleanditwaswonderfultoseethemsofondofhelpingothers.Soifyou

arelookingforamemorable,fantasticexperiencetohelpotherslessfortunatethanus,thenIcertainlyrecommendtheproject.答案及剖析:1.difference考查名词。makeadif

ference为固定搭配,意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。3.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecultureofthefestival,指物,

且从句缺宾语。4.During考查介词。此处stay为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在„„期间”。5.towatch考查非谓语动词。be+形容词+enough+todo是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。avarietyof为固定搭配。

7.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,takinggoodcareof的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。8.wasgreeted考查时态语态。I和greet之间为被动关系,描述过去的事用一般过去时。9.assisting考查非谓语动词。bedevotedtodoingsth

.是固定搭配。10.hopefully考查副词。副词修饰动词help。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018河北高三二模)假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的

意见。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Onepossibleversion:DearJacob,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebee

nadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge.I’mwritingtooffermywarmestcongratulations.Iamnowintheprocessofuniversityapplic

ation,strugglingwithwhichmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msupposedtochoosemajorsrelatedtoscienceand

engineering.ButtheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmajorshaveabrightprospectthatcanensure

meagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonthechoiceofamajor?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswithme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua