【文档说明】(译林版)高考英语一轮习第1部分：语言知识 必修5 Unit 3　能力提升题组训练（B）(含解析) .doc，共(6)页，74.000 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-49681.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenap

ersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedb

ysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilencean

dviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcomm

unicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeak

ingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.I

nthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofp

eoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutth

etopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyar

guingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthor

ity.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatient

smaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssile

nceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandi

ngtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesange

r.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforca

refulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitc

ontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.4.Whatmayb

ethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold语篇解

读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默

是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandTha

ipersonsdo.及最后一句Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisu

nderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBio

engineersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlo

catewhereinthebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldprovideawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalproced

ureslikebiopsies(活组织检查).CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedbydyingtumorcells.ThesetestsareshowingpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebl

oodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethetumoris.“Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZh

ang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniorauthorofthestudy.Inthisstudy,Zhangandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdete

cttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartstotakeoverapartofthebody,itcompeteswithnormalcell

sfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdie,theyreleasetheirDNAintothebloodstream—andthatDN

Acouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmethylationhaplotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidentifi

edbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.“Wemadethisdiscoverybyaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalappro

achandjustlookingforcancercellsignalsandtryingtofindoutwheretheywerecomingfrom.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromo

thercellsandrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalstogether,wecouldactuallydeterminethepresenceorabsenceofatumor,an

dwherethetumorisgrowing,”Zhangsaid.Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearchersputtogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpat

ternsof10differentnormaltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancreas,spleen,stomachandblood).Theyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandblood

samplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanDiegoMooresCancerCentertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarkers.Zhangandhisteamthenscreenedbloodsa

mplesfromindividualswithandwithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandthetissue-specific

methylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadualauthenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff

,isrequiredtoassignapositivematch.“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomovethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologis

ts(肿瘤学家)tofurtheroptimize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.5.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbloodtest.A.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsiesC.

makesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.canhelpdyingtumorcellsreleaseDNA6.Theunderlinedword“them”inPara.3refersto.A.tumorcellsB.normalcellsC.

humanbodiesD.humantissues7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatprofessorZhangsaid?A.Itisimpossibletodeterminethelocationoftumors.B.Conve

ntionalapproachisineffectiveintreatingcancer.C.Thediscoverywasquitebeyondscientists’expectations.D.Themethodhasbeena

pprovedandputintoclinicalpractice.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Morecancerpatientswillreturntonormal.B.Thenewmethodisstillattheprimarystage.C.A

cancerDNAdatabaseislikelytobeestablished.D.Thenewmethodwillbeintroducedtomorecountries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测癌症的方法。答

案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“...havedevelopedanewbloodtest...awaytodiagnosecancerearly...”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故选C。6.B细

节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞,them指代normalcells,故选B。7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018南昌高三二模)In

AugustIspenttwoweeksworkingattheSaurahadaycarecenter.Ifoundworkingwiththechildrenveryrewarding,asIbelievedIwasmakinga1.(differ)tot

hechildren’slivesandfuture.WhenIarrivedinKathmanduitwasthestartoftheChitwanElephantFestivalandIthankedthestaffforchang

ingallprevious2.(timetable),andhelpingmetoexperiencethecultureofthefestival,3.Ienjoyedgreatly.4.mystayinChitwanIexperiencedelepha

ntrides,washingelephantsandIwasluckyenough5.(watch)arareone-hornedrhino(犀牛)calfanditsmother,aswellas6.varietyofotherwildbirds

andanimals.Thestaffwereveryhelpful,makingsurethatIwashavingfunandtakinggoodcareof7.(I).WhenIfirstarrivedinNepaland8.(

greet)bythestaff,Icouldreallysensethatthiswasanorganisationwhichisdevotedto9.(assist)othersandthatrea

llyshonethrough.WhenIwaswiththem,theywerealwaysthinkingofdifferentwaysto10.(hopeful)helpmorelocalpeopleanditwaswonderfultoseethemsofondofhelpingot

hers.Soifyouarelookingforamemorable,fantasticexperiencetohelpotherslessfortunatethanus,thenIcertainlyreco

mmendtheproject.答案及剖析:1.difference考查名词。makeadifference为固定搭配,意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。3

.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecultureofthefestival,指物,且从句缺宾语。4.During考查介词。此处stay为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在„„期间”。5.towatch考查非谓语动词。

be+形容词+enough+todo是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。avarietyof为固定搭配。7.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,takinggoodcareof的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。8.wasgreete

d考查时态语态。I和greet之间为被动关系,描述过去的事用一般过去时。9.assisting考查非谓语动词。bedevotedtodoingsth.是固定搭配。10.hopefully考查副词。副词修饰动词help。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018河北高三二模)假定

你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Onepossibleversio

n:DearJacob,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebeenadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge.I’mwritingtooffermyw

armestcongratulations.Iamnowintheprocessofuniversityapplication,strugglingwithwhichmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msuppos

edtochoosemajorsrelatedtoscienceandengineering.ButtheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmajorshaveabrightprospectthatcanen

suremeagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonthechoiceofamajor?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswithm

e.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua