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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenc

einaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyun

comfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvalue

silenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicati

ngamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsud

denlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silencei

sacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshi

psofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreeme

ntbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersonin

authorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoa

nelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanx

ietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooea

rlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstand

ingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconve

rsations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.2.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemig

htregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.3.Whatdoest

heauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshea

lingeffects.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.SilencetoNative

AmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Them

eaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelit

isabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.及最后一句Inthesecultures,s

ilenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingt

oassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBioengineersattheUniversityof

California,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlocatewhereinthebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldprovi

deawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalprocedureslikebiopsies(活组织检查).CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedb

ydyingtumorcells.ThesetestsareshowingpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebloodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethe

tumoris.“Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZhang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniorauthorofthestudy.Inthisstud

y,Zhangandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdetecttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartsto

takeoverapartofthebody,itcompeteswithnormalcellsfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdie,theyrelea

setheirDNAintothebloodstream—andthatDNAcouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmethylationha

plotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidentifiedbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.“Wemadethisdiscoveryb

yaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalapproachandjustlookingforcancercellsignalsandtryingtofindoutwheretheywerecomingfro

m.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromothercellsandrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalstogether,wecouldactuallydetermine

thepresenceorabsenceofatumor,andwherethetumorisgrowing,”Zhangsaid.Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearchersputt

ogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpatternsof10differentnormaltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney

,pancreas,spleen,stomachandblood).TheyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandbloodsamplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanDiegoMooresCancerCen

tertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarkers.Zhangandhisteamthenscreenedbloodsamplesfromindividualswithandw

ithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandthetissue-specificmethylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadual

authenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff,isrequiredtoassignapositivematch.“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomo

vethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologists(肿瘤学家)tofurtheroptimize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.5.Accordingtothepassage,thene

wbloodtest.A.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsiesC.makesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.canhelpdyingtumorcellsreleaseDNA6.The

underlinedword“them”inPara.3refersto.A.tumorcellsB.normalcellsC.humanbodiesD.humantissues7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatprofessorZhangsaid?A.Itisimpossi

bletodeterminethelocationoftumors.B.Conventionalapproachisineffectiveintreatingcancer.C.Thediscoverywasquitebeyondsci

entists’expectations.D.Themethodhasbeenapprovedandputintoclinicalpractice.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Morecanc

erpatientswillreturntonormal.B.Thenewmethodisstillattheprimarystage.C.AcancerDNAdatabaseislikelytobeestablished.D.Thenewme

thodwillbeintroducedtomorecountries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测癌症的方法。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“...havedevelopedanewbloodtest

...awaytodiagnosecancerearly...”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故选C。6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞,them指代normalcells,故选B。7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第

一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018南昌高三二模)InAugustIspenttwoweeksworkingattheSaurahadayc

arecenter.Ifoundworkingwiththechildrenveryrewarding,asIbelievedIwasmakinga1.(differ)tothechildren’slivesandfuture.WhenIarri

vedinKathmanduitwasthestartoftheChitwanElephantFestivalandIthankedthestaffforchangingallprevious2.(timetab

le),andhelpingmetoexperiencethecultureofthefestival,3.Ienjoyedgreatly.4.mystayinChitwanIexperiencedelephantrides,washingelephantsandIwasluc

kyenough5.(watch)arareone-hornedrhino(犀牛)calfanditsmother,aswellas6.varietyofotherwildbirdsandanimals

.Thestaffwereveryhelpful,makingsurethatIwashavingfunandtakinggoodcareof7.(I).WhenIfirstarrivedinNepaland8.(greet)bythestaff,Icouldreal

lysensethatthiswasanorganisationwhichisdevotedto9.(assist)othersandthatreallyshonethrough.WhenIwaswiththem,they

werealwaysthinkingofdifferentwaysto10.(hopeful)helpmorelocalpeopleanditwaswonderfultoseethemsofondofhelpingothers.Soifyouarelookingfo

ramemorable,fantasticexperiencetohelpotherslessfortunatethanus,thenIcertainlyrecommendtheproject.答案及剖析:1.difference考查名词。makea

difference为固定搭配,意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。3.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecu

ltureofthefestival,指物,且从句缺宾语。4.During考查介词。此处stay为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在„„期间”。5.towatch考查非谓语动词

。be+形容词+enough+todo是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。avarietyof为固定搭配。7.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,takinggoodcareof的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。8.wasgreeted考查时态语态。I和greet之间为被动关

系,描述过去的事用一般过去时。9.assisting考查非谓语动词。bedevotedtodoingsth.是固定搭配。10.hopefully考查副词。副词修饰动词help。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018河北高三二模)假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Ja

cob的来信,得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使

行文连贯。Onepossibleversion:DearJacob,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebeenadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridg

e.I’mwritingtooffermywarmestcongratulations.Iamnowintheprocessofuniversityapplication,strugglingwithwhi

chmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msupposedtochoosemajorsrelatedtoscienceandengineering.B

uttheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmajorshaveabrightprospectthatcanensuremeagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggest

ionsonthechoiceofamajor?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswithme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua