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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解AThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingto

say.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncom

fortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenc

eandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometra

ditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelist

enertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,par

ticularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmay

usesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsa

regivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenc

easasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacro

ssthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconst

ructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandstheh

ealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.1.Whatdoestheaut

horsayaboutsilenceinconversations?A.Itimpliesanger.B.Itpromotesfriendship.C.Itisculture-specific.D.Itiscontent-based.2.Whichoft

hefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.C.TheMexicans.D.

TheRussians.3.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients

.C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.SoundandSilenceB.WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC.

SilencetoNativeAmericansD.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下具有不同的内涵。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。

根据第一段内容,尤其是第一句Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups可知,人们在交流时,沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ManyN

ativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.及最后一句Inthesecul

tures,silenceisacallforreflection.内容可知选A项。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandin

gtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.可知选D项。4.B主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间沉默的不同含义。因此B项适合作为本文的标题。BBioengineer

sattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegohavedevelopedanewbloodtestthatcoulddetect(探测)cancerandlocatewhereinthebodythetumorisgrowing.Thestudycouldpro

videawaytodiagnose(诊断)cancerearlyonwithouthavingtodoinvasivesurgicalprocedureslikebiopsies(活组织检查).CancerbloodtestsworkbyscreeningforDNAreleasedbyd

yingtumorcells.ThesetestsareshowingpromisefordetectingtracesoftumorDNAinthebloodofcancerpatients.However,theresultsdon’tindicatewherethet

umoris.“Knowingthetumor’slocationiscriticalforeffectiveearlydetection,”saidKunZhang,abioengineeringprofessorandseniorauthorofthestudy.Inthisstudy,Zh

angandhisteamdiscoveredanewclueinbloodthatcouldbothdetecttumorcellsandidentifywheretheyare.Whenatumorstartstotakeoverapartofthebody,itcompeteswi

thnormalcellsfornutrientsandspace,killingthemoffintheprocess.Asnormalcellsdie,theyreleasetheirDNAintothebloodstream—

andthatDNAcouldidentifytheaffectedtissue.ThemethodscreensforaparticularDNAsignaturecalledCpGmethylationhaplotypes.Eachtissueinthebodycanbeidenti

fiedbyitsuniquesignatureofmethylationhaplotypes.“Wemadethisdiscoverybyaccident.Initially,weweretakingtheconventionalapproachandjustlo

okingforcancercellsignalsandtryingtofindoutwheretheywerecomingfrom.Butwewerealsoseeingsignalsfromothercells

andrealizedthatifweintegratebothsetsofsignalstogether,wecouldactuallydeterminethepresenceorabsenceofatumor,andwherethet

umorisgrowing,”Zhangsaid.Todeveloptheirnewmethod,theresearchersputtogetheradatabaseofthecompleteCpGmethylationpatternsof10differentnorma

ltissues(liver,intestine,colon,lung,brain,kidney,pancreas,spleen,stomachandblood).Theyalsoanalyzedtumorsamplesandblood

samplesfromcancerpatientsattheUCSanDiegoMooresCancerCentertoputtogetheradatabaseofcancer-specificgeneticmarker

s.Zhangandhisteamthenscreenedbloodsamplesfromindividualswithandwithouttumors.Theylookedforsignalsofthecancermarkersandth

etissue-specificmethylationpatterns.Thetestworkslikeadualauthenticationprocess—thecombinationofbothsignals,aboveastatisticalcutoff,isrequiredt

oassignapositivematch.“Thisisaproofofconcept.Tomovethisresearchtotheclinicalstage,weneedtoworkwithoncologists(肿瘤学家)tofurtheroptim

ize(完善)andimprovethismethod.”Zhangsaid.5.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbloodtest.A.can’tlocatetumorB.issimilartobiopsiesC.m

akesearlycancerdiagnosisaccurateD.canhelpdyingtumorcellsreleaseDNA6.Theunderlinedword“them”inPara.3refersto.A.tumorcellsB.normalcellsC.human

bodiesD.humantissues7.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatprofessorZhangsaid?A.Itisimpossibletodeterminethelocationoft

umors.B.Conventionalapproachisineffectiveintreatingcancer.C.Thediscoverywasquitebeyondscientists’expectations.D.Themethodhasbee

napprovedandputintoclinicalpractice.8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Morecancerpatientswillreturntonormal.B.Thenewmethodisstill

attheprimarystage.C.AcancerDNAdatabaseislikelytobeestablished.D.Thenewmethodwillbeintroducedtomorecountries.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新的检测

癌症的方法。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“...havedevelopedanewbloodtest...awaytodiagnosecancerearly...”可知这种新型的验血方法可以使早期的癌症诊断更精确。故

选C。6.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知肿瘤会杀死正常细胞,them指代normalcells,故选B。7.C推理判断题。根据第五段的第一、二句话可知他们获得这项发现是出乎意料的,故选C。8.B

推理判断题。根据最后一段可知目前这一新方法还在初级阶段。故选B。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018南昌高三二模)InAugustIspenttwoweeksworkingattheSaurahadaycarecenter.Ifoundworkingwiththechildrenve

ryrewarding,asIbelievedIwasmakinga1.(differ)tothechildren’slivesandfuture.WhenIarrivedinKathmanduitwasthestartoftheChitwanElephantFes

tivalandIthankedthestaffforchangingallprevious2.(timetable),andhelpingmetoexperiencethecultureofthefestival,3.Ienjoyedgreatly.4.mystay

inChitwanIexperiencedelephantrides,washingelephantsandIwasluckyenough5.(watch)arareone-hornedrhino(犀牛)calfanditsmother,aswellas6.varietyo

fotherwildbirdsandanimals.Thestaffwereveryhelpful,makingsurethatIwashavingfunandtakinggoodcareof7.(I).W

henIfirstarrivedinNepaland8.(greet)bythestaff,Icouldreallysensethatthiswasanorganisationwhichisdevotedt

o9.(assist)othersandthatreallyshonethrough.WhenIwaswiththem,theywerealwaysthinkingofdifferentwaysto10.(hopefu

l)helpmorelocalpeopleanditwaswonderfultoseethemsofondofhelpingothers.Soifyouarelookingforamemorable,fantasticexperiencetohel

potherslessfortunatethanus,thenIcertainlyrecommendtheproject.答案及剖析:1.difference考查名词。makeadifference为固定搭配,

意为“有作用、有影响”。2.timetables考查名词。timetable为可数名词,由all可知应用复数。3.which考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为thecultureofthefestival,指物,且从句缺宾语。4.During考查介词。此处sta

y为名词,意为“停留、逗留”,during常用于stay前,表示“在„„期间”。5.towatch考查非谓语动词。be+形容词+enough+todo是固定搭配。6.a考查冠词。avarietyof为固定搭配。7

.myself考查反身代词。that从句中主语为I,takinggoodcareof的宾语即指主语I,故用反身代词。8.wasgreeted考查时态语态。I和greet之间为被动关系,描述过去的事用一般过去时。9.assistin

g考查非谓语动词。bedevotedtodoingsth.是固定搭配。10.hopefully考查副词。副词修饰动词help。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018河北高三二模)假定你是李华,最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信

,得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺,并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Onepossibleversion:Dea

rJacob,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebeenadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge.I’mwritingtooffermywarmestcongratulations.I

amnowintheprocessofuniversityapplication,strugglingwithwhichmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msupposedtoc

hoosemajorsrelatedtoscienceandengineering.ButtheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmaj

orshaveabrightprospectthatcanensuremeagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonthechoiceofamajor?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswith

me.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua