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Unit2Theenvironment能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018无锡高三三模)Fedupwithconstantlyhavingtorechargeorreplacebatteriesinyourever-expandingelectronicdevices?Thesoluti

onmaybejustafewstepsaway.“Energyharvesting”promisestopowercountlessconsumerdevices,oftenwithnothingmorethanyourbody’sm

ovementorheat.Dozensofcompaniesaroundtheworldalreadyoffersuchproducts,butmanyexpertsbelievethemarketforthetechnologycouldexplodeduetoelectronicdevice

sbeingdevelopedfortheInternetofThings.“It’shuge,”saidGrahamMartin,CEOoftheEnOceanAlliance,aSanRamon-basedgrou

pofbusinessesthatpromoteswirelessenergy-harvestingtechnologies.WiththeInternetofThingsexpectedtocombinebillionsofdevices,“iftheyareallbattery-

powered,we’llhaveaproblembecausethere’snotenoughlithium(锂)intheworld,”headded.“Soalotofthemwillhavetouseen

ergyharvesting.”Amongthemostbasicformsofthetechnologyisbodypower.Whencertainmaterialsaresqueezedorstre

tched,themovementoftheiratomscreatesanelectricalcharge.Automaticwatcheshaveemployedtheconceptfordecades,forexample,bywindingthemselveswhenthe

irusermovestheirarm.Now,theconceptisbeingconsideredforanumberofotherdevices.Inacontestseekingvisionary

ideasforwearabletechnologies,Intelawarded$5,000foraconcepttochangethetemperaturedifferencebetweenaperson’sbodyandaspecialpieceofclothingthey’dwe

arintoelectricityformobiledevices.Usingsoundtopowerdevicesisanotherenergy-harvestingvariation.StanfordUniversityengi

neersaretestingsmartmicrochipsthatcreateelectricityfromultrasoundtopowerimplantabledevicesthatcananalyzeaperson’sne

rvoussystemortreattheirdiseases.AtextileresearchassociationinSpainisproposingtoobtainelectricityfromradiowavesthatflowaroundeveryonetopowersensor

ssewnintoclothes,whichcanmonitoraperson’sheartbeatorothervitalsigns.ResearchfirmIDTechExhasestimatedthatannualglobalsalesofenergy-harves

tingproductscouldhit$2.6billionby2024,whileWinterGreenResearchpredictssalesof$4.2billionby2019.Obtainingstableenergyfr

omdevicescanbecomplex,however.Foronething,themotionthatgeneratestheelectricityhastobeconstanttobeuseful.Moreover,theamountofpowerthedevicesproduce

dependsonthepersonusingthem,accordingtoaColumbiaUniversitystudy.Itdeterminedthattallerpeopleonaverageprovideabout20percentmorepowerthanshorte

roneswhenwalking,runningorcycling.It’salsounclearhoweagerlyconsumersmightwelcomeenergy-harvestingproducts.Whilesuchdevicesareexpectedtocostlessthan

battery-poweredalternativeswhencomparedovermanyyears,expertssay,peoplemaycontinuebuyingoneswithbatteriesmerelybecauset

hosewouldbecheaperintheshortterm.1.Which“explode”inthefollowingsentenceshasthemostsimilarmeaningtotheword“explod

e”inParagraph2?A.Theywereclearingupwhenthesecondbombexploded.B.Thecontinuedtensioncouldexplodeintomoreviolence.C.Thepopulationexplodedto5,000

duringthelasttouristseason.D.Thebossexplodedwhenheheardoftheresignationofthesecretary.2.Whatmakes“en

ergyharvesting”necessaryaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewasteoflithiumintheworld.B.Theincreasingnumberofelectr

onicdevices.C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.D.Thepollutioncausedbybatteries.3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.energy-harvestingproduct

swillbepopularinthelongrunB.tallerpeoplecansurelyproducealargeramountofpowerC.automaticwatchesharvestenergyfro

mtheusers’bodyheatD.twowaysofharvestingenergyarementionedinthepassage语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。答案及剖析:1.C词义猜测题

。根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5000”;故选C。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。故选B

。3.A推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2018南昌高三二模)Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.Ihadjustgothomefromworkandwashappilymak

ingmytea,whenallofasuddenIwassurroundedbycompletedarkness.Itriedtofixitbutfailed.Ihadtowaitforanelectriciantocomeinthemorning

.1.Isatdowntoeatmyhalf-cookeddinner.AndthenIwasn’treallysurewhattodo.MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.2.Soformeitwas

anearlynight.AndIcouldn’thelpbutthink,dowerelytoomuchonelectricity?Thatnight,losingourelectricityfeltlikelosingabasicnecessity.Asbasicasrunni

ngwater.3.Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit’snotreallynecessary.4.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.Itisharmingourenvironment

andweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.Notonlythat,butifwecontinuetousethesamelargeamountofenergywewillsoonrunout.So,shouldn’twestartpreparingforit

now?Cuttingbackonouruseofelectricitywouldmakelosingitslower,andalsosaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastforlo

nger.5.Andifeveryonedoesthesame,wecanmakeabigdifference.A.Tonightthiswasn’tpossible.B.Obviously,wecan’tsurvivewithoutit.C.Ouroverus

eofelectricityisabigproblem.D.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutanyelectricity.E.Electricitybringsusconvenienceandtrouble.

F.Butreally,electricityisaluxurythatwe’vegrowntotakeforgranted.G.IknowforsurethatIcouldcutdownonmyuseofelectricity.答案:1—5DAFCGⅢ.完

形填空Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity,evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy,regainingour1d

rivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes.Multitasking(多任务),asmanystudieshaveshown,isamyth(谬论).Amoreaccurate_2ofwhathappenswhenwetello

urselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe’rerapidly___3betweenactivities,suckingourmentalenergy.Andthe4canbesurprisinglyserious.Anexperimentfoundthatwelosea

smanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe5bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages.The6isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable.I

t’sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds7?Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.8,resistingdistractionsa

ndstayingontaskrequires9andmentaleffort.So,whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe10tomovetemptationfurtheraway:shutdownyouremai

lprogramor11yourphone.It’saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou’renot12fightingoffmentaldesires.Thealternative,whichmostof

usconsidercommon,is13todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations,butdoingsocomeswit

h14coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower.Anotherworthwhile15istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether,keepingtransition(转换)timetoa16point.Ins

teadofspreadingphonecalls,meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday,try17relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions.Insomejo

bs,multitaskingis18.Someofustrulydoneedtostay19toourclients,colleaguesandmanagers.Soit’sworthnotingth

atlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution.Rememberthemoreyoudotominimizetask-switchingoverthecourseoftheday,themoreabilityyou’

llhaveforactivitiesthatactually20.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifference.1.A.initialB.personalC.innerD.ambitious2.A.plan

B.accountC.predictionD.insight3.A.switchingB.swingingC.swappingD.shuttling4.A.benefitsB.reasonsC.consequencesD.challenges5.A.guidedB.chang

edC.adaptedD.interrupted6.A.advantageB.emphasisC.troubleD.practice7.A.instockB.instoreC.incheckD.inpossession8.A.AsaruleB.AsaresultC.InshortD.In

contrast9.A.patienceB.disciplineC.courageD.attention10.A.expectationB.taskC.environmentD.vision11.A.replaceB.silenceC

.answerD.pick12.A.continuouslyB.finallyC.passionatelyD.directly13.A.similarB.relevantC.superiorD.opposite14.A.affor

dableB.basicC.considerableD.modest15.A.researchB.aspectC.reactionD.approach16.A.minimumB.maximumC.turni

ngD.fixed17.A.analyzingB.groupingC.assigningD.undertaking18.A.disturbingB.annoyingC.unavoidableD.unnecessary19.A.sympatheticB.loyalC.accustomedD.co

nnected20.A.matterB.functionC.workD.interfere语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,根据研究显示,当我们全神贯注于某一活动时,即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响。答案及剖析:1.A根据第一段可知在一个分心之后,想

要再次获得最初的(intial)动力可能需20分钟。2.B第二段的第二句话是对第一句话的进一步解释,此处意为“一个更加确切的解释(account)是„„”。3.A根据空后“suckingourmentalenergy”可知多任务会消耗精力,要在活动中快速切换(switch

ing)。4.C根据空后“surprisinglyserious”及后一句可知实验的结果(consequence)令人惊讶。5.D根据空前“weloseasmanyas10IQpoints”可知我们会损失10个

点的IQ,这个情况发生在工作被分心打断(interrupt)时。6.C上一段是提到负面的影响,本段叙述产生的原因,即具体问题所在,trouble“问题、麻烦”符合语境。7.B根据下一句可知我们很想知道下一封邮件或短信中的内容,知道其中的内容会让我们有及时的满足感。instore“蕴藏”符合语境

。8.D前后两句意思相反,incontrast“相反,相比之下”符合语境。9.B根据空后的“mentaleffort”可知专注于任务需要自制力,discipline“纪律,自制力”符合语境。10.C根据下文可知关掉手机或手机静音,这是改变我们所处的环境(environment)。11

.B根据空前“shutdown”可知此处指手机静音。12.A根据本句语境可知当我们不再需要持续(continuously)击退内心欲望时,继续完成任务会变得更加容易。13.A上段提的方法是“改变外界环境”,这段讲了另一个方式,和“dieting

inabakery在面包房节食”相似(similar)。14.C根据本句语境可知,尽管我们都有抵制诱惑的能力,但这种做法对于我们有限的自制力来说,将付出相当大的(considerable)代价。15.D前面介绍了两种方法,这里是第三种方法(approach)。16.A根据空

前可知将相似的工作归在一起完成,这样做可以将切换时间最小化。17.B根据空后“fewertransitions”可知转换次数很少,即要分类(grouping)相关任务。18.C根据语境可知多任务在一些工作中是不可避免的(unavoidable)。19.D

根据语境可知我们不得不和客户、同事及经理保持联系(connected)。20.A根据前后句可知此处表示重要(matter)的事情。