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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking—LanguagePointspuzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(教材P40)Gettingtoknowalittlebitabou

tBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle．了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。(1)beinapuzzle感到困惑beapuzzletosb．对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzleabout/over苦苦思考(3

)puzzledadj．困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzlingadj．令人迷惑不解的①Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened．令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。②I’minapuzzleast

ohowtogetalongwithhim．对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreates

tpuzzles(puzzle)inourlife．②Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome．③Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzlingabout/overhowtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．④Thep

uzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem．(puzzle)join...to...把„„和„„连接或联结起来(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury,

thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。(1)jointhearmy/club参军/加入俱乐部joinin参加(比

赛、活动等)(2)connect．．．with．．．把„„和„„联系起来①Theisland,joinedtothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogo．岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。②Peoplealloverthewo

rldusuallyconnectChinawithsilkandgoodfood．世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。[链接写作]——完成句子①Itissaidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshave

joined_in_the_discussion(参加讨论)．②AsfarasIknow,itisfiveyearssincehejoined_the_army(参军)．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally,in

the20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGr

eatBritainandNorthernIreland．最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。breakdown损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮break

into破门而入breakout(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生breakup结束；破裂①However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment．然而，爱尔兰

的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。②Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime．在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。[即学即练]——用brea

k的相关短语填空①Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwillbreak_downsoonerorlater．②Afirebroke_outinthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewereki

lled．③Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedtobreak_away_from_theUnion．④Inmyopinion，marriageb

asedonmoneyislikelytobreak_up．belongto属于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogethe

rinsomeareas．属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。(1)belongto表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态(2)belongingsn．财产，所有物①Nomatterwhathappens,Taiwanbel

ongstoChina．不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。②ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educ

ated．威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountrybelonging(belong)tothethi

rdworld．②Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyourbelongings(belong)toyournewhouse．[链接写作]——完成句子③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。Pap

er-cuttinghasahistoryofover1，500years,which_belongs_totraditionalartinChina．belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不

能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“．．．belongingto”。defencen．防御；保卫(经典佳句)Indefenceofourmotherland,alargenumberofpeoplelosttheirlives．为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。(1)indefence(

of．．．)为了保卫(„„)(2)defendvt．保护；保卫；为„„辩护defend．．．from/against．．．防御；保卫„„以免受„„①Allthepeoplewerefightingagainstthefloodindefenceoftheir

ownhomes．为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。②HehasemployedoneoftheU．K．’stoplawyerstodefendhim．他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetr

ainedto_defend(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks．②Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefence(de

fend)oftheircountry．③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself(I)．surroundvt.围绕；包围(教材P40)Almost

everywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．几乎无论你走到

英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。(1)surround．．．with．．．用„„包围„„besurroundedwith/by．．．被„„包围/环绕(2)surroundingadj．周围的；附近的(3)surroundingsn．环境；周边事物(复

数)①Theprofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhisstudents．那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。②Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmountainsandclearriv

ers,attractingvisitorsfromeverycorner．青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Surrounded(surround)bytheforest,thevillagel

ooksverybeautiful．②Livinginbeautifulandcomfortablesurroundings(surround),wefeelveryhappy．③Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthesurr

ounding(surround)villages．evidencen．证据；证明(经典佳句)Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer．现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。(1)Th

ereissomeevidencethat．．．有证据证明„„(2)evidentadj．明显的，明白的It’sevidentthat．．．很明显„„①Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanl

eadtomanydiseases．现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。②Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany．很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。[链接写作]—

—完成句子有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。There’s_some_evidence_thatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到(教材P4

0)Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads．他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。(1)asenseofachievement成就感makeanachievement取得成就(2)achievevt．完成；达

到vi．成功achieveone’sgoal达到目标①Evenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement．即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。②Hislazinessmakesitimpossible

forhimtoachievehisgoal．他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsforthosegreatachi

evements(achieve)madebyher．②We’vehadagoodstart,butmoreworkneedstobedoneto_achieve(achieve)thefinalsuccess．if条件状语

从句的省略形式(教材P40)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ifany如果有的话ifso如果这样的话ifnot如果不这样的话ifnec

essary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果有可能的话①Theremaybesomemistakesinmycomposition．Ifany,pleasehelpmepointthemout．我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。②Didyoucheat

intheexam?Ifso,youwon’tgetawaywithit．你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。[链接写作]——完成句子(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈

有关餐桌礼仪的问题。I’mLiHua．I’mwonderingifyouareavailableattheweekend．If_so,_let’s_have_a_face_to_face_talk_abouttablemanners．aswellas既„„又„„，连接并

列成分(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗

，也拥有同样的货币和国防。(1)knownastheUnionJack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag；(2)aswellas既„„又„„，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与aswellas之前的主语一致；(3

)aswellas连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。①YangLiwei,knownasthefirstChineseastronauttogotospace,isregardedasanationalhero．杨利

伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。②MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing．我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Gr

eatscientificachievementswillhaveapositiveeffectonourlifeaswellassociety．②(2019·天津卷)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,was_given(give)awarmwelcom

ewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek．theway后省略that/inwhich的定语从句(教材P40)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,and

changedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。(1)句中定语从句peoplebuilthouses修饰先行词theway，其前省略了关系词that/in

which；(2)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；(3)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。①Thestudentsdidn’tundersta

ndtheway(that/inwhich)themathsteachersolvedtheproblem．学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。②I’dliketosettletheprobleminawa

ywhich/thatispeaceful．我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。[链接写作]——一句多译我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。①Idon’tlikethe_way_she_speaks_toyou．②Id

on’tlikethe_way_in_which_she_speaks_toyou．(inwhich引导的定语从句)③Idon’tlikethe_way_that_she_speaks_toyou．(that引导的定语从句)Ⅰ品句填词1．Astheoldsayinggoes,“To

gether,individuals(个人)canmakeadifference．”2．TheUnitedKingdom(王国)ofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandismadeupofEngland,Wales,Scotlanda

ndNorthernIreland．3．Heworksasachief(主要的)editorinChinaDaily．4．Thecountryneedsadefence(防御)capabilityasinsuran

ceagainsttheunexpected．5．Mymotherworksinanearby(附近的)companyandsheusuallywalkshome．6．Thelocation(位置)ofthe

ArtsTheatrewasconsideredapoorareaoftown．7．Theywereunwillingtoacceptthefactthattheirsondiedinthebattle(

战斗，战役)．8．Asisknowntous,Qingdaoisabeautifulport(港口)citywithalonghistory．9．Asisknowntoall,Chinahasmadegreatachievements(成就)duringthepastdecade

s．10．Tim’spuzzled(困惑的)expressionsuggestedthathedidn’tunderstandwhattheyhadsaid．Ⅱ完成句子/一句多译1．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。Inthelast

fewyears,Chinahasmade_great_achievements_in_environmental_protection．2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleas_

well_as_history_and_cultures_ofothercountries．3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。YuanLongping,known_as_a_f

amous_scientist,_wasawardedNationalMedalsonSeptember29th,2019．4．保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。Keeping_the_environment_clean_and_free_of_pollut

ionisthekeysteptomakelifehealthy．5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。(1)VancouverisCanada’swarmestandmostbeautifulcity．Itis_surrounded_by

_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(2)VancouverisCanada’swarmestandmostbeautifulcity,which_is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacif

ic_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)Ⅲ课文语法填空StudyingBritishhistorycanhelpyouunderstand1．whattheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,Englandmean．Inthe16thcentury,Wale

swasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．Inthe18thcentury,Scotlandwasjoined2．to_create(create)theKingdomofGreat

Britain．Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland．However,thesouthernpartofIrelandbroke3．awa

y_fromtheUK,whichresulted4．inthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland．Althoughthefourcountriesworktogetherinsomea

reas,theystillhavesome5．differences(different)．TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,6．whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreabou

tthecountryand7．its(it)traditions．NomatterwhereyougointheUK,youwill8．be_surrounded(surround)byevidencethatfourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhot

ookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmore9．enjoyable(enjoy)．TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryand

modernculture,withbothnewandold10．traditions(tradition)．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfsurrounded

(surround)bysomedoctors．2．Ifyoucontinuetodoillegal(legal)things,youwillendupinprisonsoonerorlater．3．Iamquiteco

nfused(confuse)byChinesetablemanners．I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesometipsonhowtobehaveproperlyatadinnerparty．4．Aswel

lasstudying(study)Englishatschool，AlicetaughtherselfJapaneseathome．5．Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifi

ndefence(defend)．6．Thereisevidence(evident)thatBeijingManusedfiretocookfood．7．Hepassedthecollegeentranceexamination,whichmad

ehisparentsveryproud．8．Thereissomuchmoreto_learn(learn)abouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom．9．Hewasveryupset(upset)becausehi

spenpaldidn’treplytohislettersintime．10．Haveyoueverbelonged(belong)toapoliticalparty?Ⅱ阅读理解AOttawaisthecapitalofCanada．ItisthesecondlargestcityinOn

tarioandthefourthlargestcityinthecountry．TheCentreBlockisthemainbuildingonParliamentHill(国会山)．Itisalsothelocationofseveralceremonialspaces,such

astheHallofHonorandtheMemorialChamber．ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasdestr

oyedbyfirein1916,anditisoneofthemostrecognizablebuildingsinCanada．DowntownOttawaisthecommercialandeconomiccen

treofthecity．Mostofthebuildingsareofficetowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntownco

re．Thedowntownalsocontainsanumberofapartments,hotels,andtheoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesalongitsedges．TheNationalGalleryofCanadaisoneofCa

nada’spremierartgalleries．TheGalleryhasalargeandvariedcollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptureandphotographs．AlthoughitsfocusisonCanadianart,it

alsoholdsworksbysomenotedAmericanandEuropeanartists．TheRideauCanalistheoldestcontinuouslyoperatedcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．Attheverybeginn

ing,thepurposeoftheRideauCanalwasmilitary,asitwasintendedtoprovideasecuresupplyandcommunicationroutebetweenMo

ntrealandtheBritishnavalbaseinKingston．Itremainsinusetodayprimarilyforpleasureboating,withmostofitsorigi

nalstructuresundamaged．Thelocksonthesystemopenfornavigationinmid-Mayandcloseinmid-October．【解题导语】文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几

处地方进行了详细的说明。1．Theunderlinedword“iteration”inthe2ndparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．repairB．designC．copyD．landmarkC解

析：词义猜测题。从第二段ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasdestroyedbyfirein1916可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前

的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy，复制品。故选C。2．InthecoreofDowntownOttawa,wecouldsee________．A．alargenumberoftalltowersB．h

eadofficesofOttawa’shightechindustryC．anumberofapartmentsandhotelsD．theoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Mostofthebu

ildingsareofficetowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntowncore．可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大

楼。3．CollectionsintheNationalGalleryofCanadaaremainly________．A．paintingsanddrawingsB．sculptureandphotographsC．worksbyCanadianartistsD．

artworkbyAmericansandEuropeansC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的TheGalleryhasalargeandvaried．．．AlthoughitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomenotedAme

ricanandEuropeanartists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheRideauCanal?A．I

tistheoldestcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．B．Itwasoriginallyforthemilitarypurpose．C．Theoriginalstructuresremainneverchanged．

D．PeoplecanonlygoboatingfromMaytoOctober．B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Attheverybeginning,thepurposeoftheRideauCanalwasmilitary可知，最初的目的是军事目的。BYou’

llbelikelytobecomeangryifyoudon’tgetagoodnight’ssleep,anewpaperreports．Cuttingafewhoursofsleepoutofyourscheduleisn’tasgoodanideaasitma

yappear．ResearchersattheIowaStateUniversityreportthatmissingsleepwillmakeyouangrier,leavingyouill-equippedtodealwithuneasysituations．Thisisoneof

thefirststudiestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger．Thelinkbetweenlack(短缺)ofsleepandnegativemoods(angerincluded)has

beenprovedinpastresearch,buttheproblemisthatweknowthatthetwocometogether,butnotthatwhetheronecausestheother．Inthecurrentstudy,Krizanandco-authorGa

rrettHisler,anISUdoctoralstudent,dealwiththisquestion．Underthestudy,volunteersweredividedintotwogroups．Thecontro

lgroupfollowedtheirnormalsleeproutine,whiletheexperimentalgroupcuttwotofourhoursofsleepeachnightfortwonights．Onaverage,thecontrolgroup

gotalmostsevenhoursofsleepanight,whiletheexperimentalgroupgotaboutfourandahalfhourseachnight．Inordertomeasureanger,theyhadvolunteersvisitthel

abbeforeandafterthesleepmanipulation(操纵)．Allthewhile,theywereaskedtolistentosomeunpleasantbrownandwhitenoise．Krizansaysthepur

posewastocreateuncomfortableconditions．“Ingeneral,angerwasmuchhigherforthosewhosesleepwasrestricted(限制)，”Krizansa

id．“Wemanipulatedhowunpleasantthenoisewasduringthetask．Asexpected,volunteersreportedmoreangerwhenthenoisewasmoreunpleasant．Whensleepwa

srestricted,peoplereportedevenmoreanger,regardlessofthenoise．”Sleeplossisknowntoincreasenegativemoods,such

asanxietyandsadness,anddecreasepositivemoods,suchashappinessandexcitement．However,theteamsaystheyfoundthatsleeplossuniquelyaffectedanger．【解题导语】本文

是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。5．Whatdidthestudymentionedfindout?A．Somedisadvantagesofsleepingl

ess．B．Somesignsofhavingpoor-qualitysleep．C．Thelinkbetweenlackofsleepandnegativemoods．D．Thecause-effectrelationshipbetweensleeplossandang

er．D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。6

．What’sthepurposeofaskingthevolunteerstolistentounpleasantnoise?A．Tomakethemangry．B．Tomakethemawake．C．T

otaketheirattentionaway．D．Toaffecttheirthinkingability．A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Inordertomeasureanger和Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfort

ableconditions．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。7．FromwhatKrizansaid,weknow________．A．thereas

onsforthestudyB．thefindingsofthestudyC．theprocessofthestudyD．themethodusedinthestudyB解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。Ⅲ七选五

Airpollution,asweknowtoday,startedwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninEuropeinthe19thcentury．Inthelastfewdecades,ithasbecomethema

jorproblemofourenvironment．1．________Itmayalsocauseharmtootherlivingthingssuchasanimalsandfoodcrops．Ourmoder

nlifestylehasledtodirtierairovertheyears．Factories,vehiclesofallkinds,andthegrowingnumberofpeoplearethethingsthatareresponsibleforairpo

llutiontoday．2．________Forestfiresandduststormscanalsoleadtothepollutionoftheatmosphere．Therearetwotypesofozone(臭氧)thatweknowof．3．___

_____Butontheground,peopleproduceozone,too．Trafficandfactoriescausegroundozone．Itisespeciallydangerousforchildre

nandolderpeople．4．________Choosingotherformsofenergy,likesolarenergyorwindenergycouldbehelpfulincontr

ollingpollution．CitieslikeLondonhaveshownthatbetterairqualitycanbeachievedinashorttime．Smogisacombinationofsmokeandfog(雾)．Duringthebeginningofthe

IndustrialRevolution,thousandsofpeoplediedinLondoneveryyear．However,alothasbeendonetopreventsmogrecent

ly．Factoriesusecoalthatdoesn’thavemuchharmfulmaterialinit．Andcarsaremuchcleanertoday．5．________A．Butno

tallpollutionintheairiscausedbyhumans．B．Westudentscanalsohelpmaketheairarounduscleaner!C．Thejobofcleani

ngupourairisdifficultbutnotimpossible．D．Actually,naturalozoneisintheupperpartofouratmosphere．E．Itmaycausesomeseriousdiseasesa

ndevendeathforhumans．F．Insomecities,carsarenotevenallowedtodriveonsmogdays．G．Bothhumanactivityandnaturalprocessescancreateairpoll

ution．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。1．E解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It指代的是第一句中提到的Airpollution。根据后一句中的Itmayals

ocause．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。2．A解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的Forestfiresandduststorms都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承

上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。3．D解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。4．C解析：此空设于段首

，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。5．F解析：此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。