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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking—LanguagePointspuzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(教材P40)GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistory

willhelpyousolvethispuzzle．了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。(1)beinapuzzle感到困惑beapuzzletosb．对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzleabout/over苦苦思考

(3)puzzledadj．困惑的，迷惑不解的puzzlingadj．令人迷惑不解的①Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened．令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。②I’minapuzzleastohowtogetalongwith

him．对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatestpuzzles(pu

zzle)inourlife．②Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome．③Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzlingabout/overhowtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem．④Thepuzzled

lookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem．(puzzle)join...to...把„„和„„连接或联结起来(教材P40)Inthe16thcentur

y,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。(1)jointhearmy/club参军/加入俱乐部joinin参加(比赛、活动

等)(2)connect．．．with．．．把„„和„„联系起来①Theisland,joinedtothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogo．岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里很方便。②Peopleallovertheworldusuallyconn

ectChinawithsilkandgoodfood．世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。[链接写作]——完成句子①Itissaidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshavejoined_in_the_

discussion(参加讨论)．②AsfarasIknow,itisfiveyearssincehejoined_the_army(参军)．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally,inthe20thcentur

y,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBrit

ainandNorthernIreland．最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。breakdown损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮breakinto破门而入breakout(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生breakup

结束；破裂①However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment．然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离

出去并建立了自己的政府。②Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime．在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空①Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwillbreak_dow

nsoonerorlater．②Afirebroke_outinthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled．③Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,af

ewcountrieswantedtobreak_away_from_theUnion．④Inmyopinion，marriagebasedonmoneyislikelytobreak_up．belongto属于(教材P40)Thefourco

untriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas．属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。(1)belongto表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态(2)belongingsn．财

产，所有物①Nomatterwhathappens,TaiwanbelongstoChina．不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。②ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstud

entsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated．威廉姆教授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountrybel

onging(belong)tothethirdworld．②Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyourbelongings(belong)toyournewhouse．[链接写作]——完成句子③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。P

aper-cuttinghasahistoryofover1，500years,which_belongs_totraditionalartinChina．belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用

于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“．．．belongingto”。defencen．防御；保卫(经典佳句)Indefenceofourmotherland,alargenumberofpeoplelosttheirlives．为了

保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。(1)indefence(of．．．)为了保卫(„„)(2)defendvt．保护；保卫；为„„辩护defend．．．from/against．．．防御；保卫„„以免受„„①Allthepeoplewerefig

htingagainstthefloodindefenceoftheirownhomes．为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。②HehasemployedoneoftheU．K．’stoplawyerstodefendhim．他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。[即学即练]——单

句语法填空①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedto_defend(defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks．②Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedinde

fence(defend)oftheircountry．③Whenadogattackedme,Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself(I)．surroundvt.围绕；包围(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesu

rroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上

有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。(1)surround．．．with．．．用„„包围„„besurroundedwith/by．．．被„„包围/环绕(2)surroundingadj．周围的；附近的(3)surroundingsn．环境；周边事物(复数)①Thepr

ofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhisstudents．那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。②Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmount

ainsandclearrivers,attractingvisitorsfromeverycorner．青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Surrounded(surround)bytheforest,the

villagelooksverybeautiful．②Livinginbeautifulandcomfortablesurroundings(surround),wefeelveryhappy．③Theyallwentouttolookforthe

lostchildinthesurrounding(surround)villages．evidencen．证据；证明(经典佳句)Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingca

useslungcancer．现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。(1)Thereissomeevidencethat．．．有证据证明„„(2)evidentadj．明显的，明白的It’sevidentthat．．．很明显„„①Modernsciencehasgiv

enclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases．现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明确的证据。②Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany．很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。[链接写

作]——完成句子有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。There’s_some_evidence_thatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到(教材

P40)Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads．他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。(1)asenseofachievement成就感makeanachievement取得成就(2)achi

evevt．完成；达到vi．成功achieveone’sgoal达到目标①Evenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement．即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。②H

islazinessmakesitimpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal．他的懒惰使他不可能达到目标。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforph

ysicsforthosegreatachievements(achieve)madebyher．②We’vehadagoodstart,butmoreworkneedstobedoneto_achieve(achieve)thefinalsuccess．

if条件状语从句的省略形式(教材P40)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ifany如果有的话ifso如果这样的话ifnot如果不这样的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话i

fpossible如果有可能的话①Theremaybesomemistakesinmycomposition．Ifany,pleasehelpmepointthemout．我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。②Didyoucheatintheexam?Ifso,youwon’tget

awaywithit．你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。[链接写作]——完成句子(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。I’mLiHua．I’mwonderingifyouareavailable

attheweekend．If_so,_let’s_have_a_face_to_face_talk_abouttablemanners．aswellas既„„又„„，连接并列成分(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag,kn

ownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。(1)knownastheUnionJack为过去

分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词flag；(2)aswellas既„„又„„，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与aswellas之前的主语一致；(3)aswellas连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。①YangLiwei,knownasthefirstChinesea

stronauttogotospace,isregardedasanationalhero．杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。②MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing．我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。[即学即练]——

单句语法填空①Greatscientificachievementswillhaveapositiveeffectonourlifeaswellassociety．②(2019·天津卷)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,was_given

(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek．theway后省略that/inwhich的定语从句(教材P40)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlan

guage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。(1)句中定语从句peoplebuilthouses修饰先行词theway，其前省略了

关系词that/inwhich；(2)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；(3)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。①Thestudentsdidn’tunders

tandtheway(that/inwhich)themathsteachersolvedtheproblem．学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。②I’dliketosettletheprobleminawaywhich/thatispeaceful．我想用和平的方法解决这个问题。[链

接写作]——一句多译我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。①Idon’tlikethe_way_she_speaks_toyou．②Idon’tlikethe_way_in_which_she_speaks_toyou．(inwhich引导的定

语从句)③Idon’tlikethe_way_that_she_speaks_toyou．(that引导的定语从句)Ⅰ品句填词1．Astheoldsayinggoes,“Together,individuals(个人)canmake

adifference．”2．TheUnitedKingdom(王国)ofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandismadeupofEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland．3．Heworksasachief(主要的)edi

torinChinaDaily．4．Thecountryneedsadefence(防御)capabilityasinsuranceagainsttheunexpected．5．Mymotherworksinanearby(附近的)companyandsheusuallywalkshome．

6．Thelocation(位置)oftheArtsTheatrewasconsideredapoorareaoftown．7．Theywereunwillingtoacceptthefactthattheirsondiedinthebattle(战斗，战役)．8．Asisknownt

ous,Qingdaoisabeautifulport(港口)citywithalonghistory．9．Asisknowntoall,Chinahasmadegreatachievements(成就)duringthepastdecades．10．Tim’spuzzled

(困惑的)expressionsuggestedthathedidn’tunderstandwhattheyhadsaid．Ⅱ完成句子/一句多译1．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmade_great_ac

hievements_in_environmental_protection．2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleas_well_as_history_and_cul

tures_ofothercountries．3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。YuanLongping,known_as_a_famous_scientist,_wasawardedNationalMedalsonSeptember29th,2019．4．保

持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康的关键一步。Keeping_the_environment_clean_and_free_of_pollutionisthekeysteptomakelifehealthy．5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、

最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。(1)VancouverisCanada’swarmestandmostbeautifulcity．Itis_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(2)V

ancouverisCanada’swarmestandmostbeautifulcity,which_is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)Ⅲ课文

语法填空StudyingBritishhistorycanhelpyouunderstand1．whattheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,Englandmean．Inth

e16thcentury,WaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．Inthe18thcentury,Scotlandwasjoined2．to_create(create)theKingdomofGre

atBritain．Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland．However,thesouthernparto

fIrelandbroke3．away_fromtheUK,whichresulted4．inthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIre

land．Althoughthefourcountriesworktogetherinsomeareas,theystillhavesome5．differences(different)．TheUnitedKingdomhasal

ongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,6．whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryand7．its(it)traditions．Nomatterwhereyo

ugointheUK,youwill8．be_surrounded(surround)byevidencethatfourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdiffer

enttimesthroughouthistory．Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmore9．enjoyable(enjoy)．TheUKisafasci

natingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandold10．traditions(tradition)．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Whenhewokeup,h

efoundhimselfsurrounded(surround)bysomedoctors．2．Ifyoucontinuetodoillegal(legal)things,youwillendupinprisonsoonerorlater．3．Iamquiteconfused(confu

se)byChinesetablemanners．I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesometipsonhowtobehaveproperlyatadinnerparty．4．Aswellasstudying

(study)Englishatschool，AlicetaughtherselfJapaneseathome．5．Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence(defend)．6．Thereisevi

dence(evident)thatBeijingManusedfiretocookfood．7．Hepassedthecollegeentranceexamination,whichmadehisparentsveryproud．8．Thereis

somuchmoreto_learn(learn)abouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom．9．Hewasveryupset(upset)becausehispenpaldidn’treplytohislett

ersintime．10．Haveyoueverbelonged(belong)toapoliticalparty?Ⅱ阅读理解AOttawaisthecapitalofCanada．ItisthesecondlargestcityinOntarioandthefourth

largestcityinthecountry．TheCentreBlockisthemainbuildingonParliamentHill(国会山)．Itisalsothelocationofseveralceremonialspaces,suchastheH

allofHonorandtheMemorialChamber．ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasdestroyedbyfi

rein1916,anditisoneofthemostrecognizablebuildingsinCanada．DowntownOttawaisthecommercialandeconomiccentreofthecity．Mostof

thebuildingsareofficetowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntownc

ore．Thedowntownalsocontainsanumberofapartments,hotels,andtheoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesalongitsedges．TheNation

alGalleryofCanadaisoneofCanada’spremierartgalleries．TheGalleryhasalargeandvariedcollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptureandphotographs．Althou

ghitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomenotedAmericanandEuropeanartists．TheRideauCanalistheo

ldestcontinuouslyoperatedcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．Attheverybeginning,thepurposeoftheRideauCanalwasmilitary,asitwa

sintendedtoprovideasecuresupplyandcommunicationroutebetweenMontrealandtheBritishnavalbaseinKingston．Itremainsinusetodayprima

rilyforpleasureboating,withmostofitsoriginalstructuresundamaged．Thelocksonthesystemopenfornavigationinmid-May

andcloseinmid-October．【解题导语】文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行了详细的说明。1．Theunderlinedword“iteration”inthe2ndparagraphprobablymeans

“________”．A．repairB．designC．copyD．landmarkC解析：词义猜测题。从第二段ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebu

ilding,afterthefirstwasdestroyedbyfirein1916可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy，复制品。故选C。2．InthecoreofDown

townOttawa,wecouldsee________．A．alargenumberoftalltowersB．headofficesofOttawa’shightechindustryC．anum

berofapartmentsandhotelsD．theoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Mostofthebuildingsareoffic

etowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntowncore．可知在渥太华的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大

楼。3．CollectionsintheNationalGalleryofCanadaaremainly________．A．paintingsanddrawingsB．sculptureandphotographsC．worksbyCa

nadianartistsD．artworkbyAmericansandEuropeansC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的TheGalleryhasalargeandvaried．．．Altho

ughitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomenotedAmericanandEuropeanartists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。

4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheRideauCanal?A．ItistheoldestcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．B．Itwasoriginallyforthemilitarypurpose．C

．Theoriginalstructuresremainneverchanged．D．PeoplecanonlygoboatingfromMaytoOctober．B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Attheverybegin

ning,thepurposeoftheRideauCanalwasmilitary可知，最初的目的是军事目的。BYou’llbelikelytobecomeangryifyoudon’tgetagoodnight’s

sleep,anewpaperreports．Cuttingafewhoursofsleepoutofyourscheduleisn’tasgoodanideaasitmayappear．ResearchersattheIowaState

Universityreportthatmissingsleepwillmakeyouangrier,leavingyouill-equippedtodealwithuneasysituations．Thisisoneofthefirststud

iestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger．Thelinkbetweenlack(短缺)ofsleepandnegativemoods(angerincluded)hasbeenprov

edinpastresearch,buttheproblemisthatweknowthatthetwocometogether,butnotthatwhetheronecausestheother．Inthecurrentstudy,Krizanandco-authorGarret

tHisler,anISUdoctoralstudent,dealwiththisquestion．Underthestudy,volunteersweredividedintotwogroups．Theco

ntrolgroupfollowedtheirnormalsleeproutine,whiletheexperimentalgroupcuttwotofourhoursofsleepeachnightfortwonights．Onave

rage,thecontrolgroupgotalmostsevenhoursofsleepanight,whiletheexperimentalgroupgotaboutfourandahalfhourseachnight．Inordertomeasureanger,the

yhadvolunteersvisitthelabbeforeandafterthesleepmanipulation(操纵)．Allthewhile,theywereaskedtolistentosomeunpleas

antbrownandwhitenoise．Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions．“Ingeneral,angerwasmuchhigherforthosewhosesleepwasrestricted(限制)，

”Krizansaid．“Wemanipulatedhowunpleasantthenoisewasduringthetask．Asexpected,volunteersreportedmoreangerwhenthenoisewasmoreunpleasant．

Whensleepwasrestricted,peoplereportedevenmoreanger,regardlessofthenoise．”Sleeplossisknowntoincreasenegativemo

ods,suchasanxietyandsadness,anddecreasepositivemoods,suchashappinessandexcitement．However,theteamsaystheyfoundtha

tsleeplossuniquelyaffectedanger．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。5．Whatdidthestud

ymentionedfindout?A．Somedisadvantagesofsleepingless．B．Somesignsofhavingpoor-qualitysleep．C．Thelinkbetwee

nlackofsleepandnegativemoods．D．Thecause-effectrelationshipbetweensleeplossandanger．D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprovideevid

encethatsleeplosscausesanger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。6．What’sthepurposeofaskingthevolunteerstolistentounpleasantn

oise?A．Tomakethemangry．B．Tomakethemawake．C．Totaketheirattentionaway．D．Toaffecttheirthinkingability．A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Inordertomeasurean

ger和Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。7．FromwhatKrizansa

id,weknow________．A．thereasonsforthestudyB．thefindingsofthestudyC．theprocessofthestudyD．themethodusedinthestudyB解析：推理判断题

。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。Ⅲ七选五Airpollution,asweknowtoday,startedwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninEuropeinthe19thcent

ury．Inthelastfewdecades,ithasbecomethemajorproblemofourenvironment．1．________Itmayalsocauseharmtootherlivingthingssuchasanimalsandfoodcrops．O

urmodernlifestylehasledtodirtierairovertheyears．Factories,vehiclesofallkinds,andthegrowingnumberofpeoplearethethingsthatareresp

onsibleforairpollutiontoday．2．________Forestfiresandduststormscanalsoleadtothepollutionoftheatmosphere．Therearetwotypesofozone(臭氧

)thatweknowof．3．________Butontheground,peopleproduceozone,too．Trafficandfactoriescausegroundozone．Itisespeciallydangerousfo

rchildrenandolderpeople．4．________Choosingotherformsofenergy,likesolarenergyorwindenergycouldbehelpfulincontrollingpollution．CitieslikeLon

donhaveshownthatbetterairqualitycanbeachievedinashorttime．Smogisacombinationofsmokeandfog(雾)．DuringthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,thousan

dsofpeoplediedinLondoneveryyear．However,alothasbeendonetopreventsmogrecently．Factoriesusecoalthatdoesn’thavemuchharmfulmateriali

nit．Andcarsaremuchcleanertoday．5．________A．Butnotallpollutionintheairiscausedbyhumans．B．Westudentscanal

sohelpmaketheairarounduscleaner!C．Thejobofcleaningupourairisdifficultbutnotimpossible．D．Actually,naturalozoneisintheupperpartofouratmos

phere．E．Itmaycausesomeseriousdiseasesandevendeathforhumans．F．Insomecities,carsarenotevenallowedtodriveonsmogdays．G．Bothhumanactivityandnatur

alprocessescancreateairpollution．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。1．E解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It指代的是第一句中提到的Airpoll

ution。根据后一句中的Itmayalsocause．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。2．A解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的F

orestfiresandduststorms都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。3．D解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，

而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。4．C解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。5．F解析：此空设于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更

清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。