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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking—LanguagePointspuzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(教材P40)GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhel

pyousolvethispuzzle．了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。(1)beinapuzzle感到困惑beapuzzletosb．对某人来说是个谜(2)puzzleabout/over苦苦思考(3)puzzledadj．困惑的，迷惑不解的pu

zzlingadj．令人迷惑不解的①Whatpuzzledmewashowtheaccidentcouldhavehappened．令我感到困惑的这个事故是怎么发生的。②I’minapuzzleastohowtogetalongwithhim．对如何和他相处使我感到困惑。[即学即练]—

—单句语法填空①Youmusthavebeentroubledbywhentosay“Iloveyou”becauseitisoneofthegreatestpuzzles(puzzle)inourlife．②The

irreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome．③Thesescientistshavebeenpuzzlingabout/overhowtosolvetheenvironmentalproblem

．④Thepuzzledlookonherfacesuggestedshewaspuzzlingoverthepuzzlingmathsproblem．(puzzle)join...to...把„„和„„连接

或联结起来(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．16世纪，附近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。(1)jo

inthearmy/club参军/加入俱乐部joinin参加(比赛、活动等)(2)connect．．．with．．．把„„和„„联系起来①Theisland,joinedtothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogo．岛上有一座桥与大陆相连，去那里

很方便。②PeopleallovertheworldusuallyconnectChinawithsilkandgoodfood．世界各地的人们通常把中国与丝绸和美食联系在一起。[链接写作]——完成句子①Itis

saidthatmorethantwohundredstudentshavejoined_in_the_discussion(参加讨论)．②AsfarasIknow,itisfiveyearssincehejoined_the_army(参军)．breakaway(fromsb./

sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40)Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK,whichresultedinthef

ullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland．最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。b

reakdown损坏；发生故障；分解；累垮breakinto破门而入breakout(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生breakup结束；破裂①However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillinga

ndbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment．然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。②Ittookgreatcouragetobreakawayfromhisfamilyatthattime

．在那时与家庭决裂需要勇气。[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空①Ifyougoonworkinglikethat,youwillbreak_downsoonerorlater．②Afirebr

oke_outinthishotellastnightandthreepeoplewerekilled．③Withsomanyproblemsunsettled,afewcountrieswantedtobreak

_away_from_theUnion．④Inmyopinion，marriagebasedonmoneyislikelytobreak_up．belongto属于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnit

edKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas．属于英国的四个国家在某些领域进行合作。(1)belongto表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态(2)belongingsn．财产，所有物①

Nomatterwhathappens,TaiwanbelongstoChina．不论发生什么事情，台湾都属于中国。②ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated．威廉姆教

授一直告诫他的学生们未来属于受过良好教育的人。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Asisknowntous,Chinaisacountrybelonging(belong)tothethirdworld．②Myfriendwillhelpyoumoveyourbelongin

gs(belong)toyournewhouse．[链接写作]——完成句子③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)剪纸有1500多年的历史，属于中国的传统艺术。Paper-cuttinghasahistoryofover1，500years,wh

ich_belongs_totraditionalartinChina．belongto中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“．．．belongingto”。defencen．防御；保卫(经典佳句)Indefenceofourmot

herland,alargenumberofpeoplelosttheirlives．为了保卫我们的祖国，许多人失去了生命。(1)indefence(of．．．)为了保卫(„„)(2)defendvt．保护；保卫；为„„辩护defend．．．from

/against．．．防御；保卫„„以免受„„①Allthepeoplewerefightingagainstthefloodindefenceoftheirownhomes．为了保卫自己的家园，所有的人都在与洪水作斗争。②HehasemployedoneoftheU．K．’

stoplawyerstodefendhim．他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedto_defend(

defend)themselvesagainstsomeattacks．②Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedindefence(defend)oftheircountry．③Whenadogattackedme,Ipi

ckedupasticktodefendmyself(I)．surroundvt.围绕；包围(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevide

nceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。(1)surround．．．with．．．用„„包围„„b

esurroundedwith/by．．．被„„包围/环绕(2)surroundingadj．周围的；附近的(3)surroundingsn．环境；周边事物(复数)①Theprofessorlikestosurroundhimselfwithhi

sstudents．那位教授喜欢和他的学生们在一起。②Thesmallvillageissurroundedwithgreenmountainsandclearrivers,attractingvisitorsfrom

everycorner．青山绿水环抱着村寨，吸引着各方来客。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Surrounded(surround)bytheforest,thevillagelooksverybeautiful．②Liv

inginbeautifulandcomfortablesurroundings(surround),wefeelveryhappy．③Theyallwentouttolookforthelostchildinthesurrounding(surround)

villages．evidencen．证据；证明(经典佳句)Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer．现在有令人信服的证据证明吸烟导致肺癌。(1)Thereissomeevide

ncethat．．．有证据证明„„(2)evidentadj．明显的，明白的It’sevidentthat．．．很明显„„①Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases．现代科学对吸烟能导致多种疾病已经给出了明

确的证据。②Itisevidentthatthemanishighlythoughtofinthecompany．很显然，这个人在公司里受到高度评价。[链接写作]——完成句子有证据显示，进行户外活动对我们有好处。There’s_some_eviden

ce_thatoutdooractivitiesaregoodforus．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到(教材P40)Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuild

ingtownsandroads．他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。(1)asenseofachievement成就感makeanachievement取得成就(2)achievevt．完成；达到vi．成功achieveone’sgoal达到目标①Evenasmallsucces

scangiveyouasenseofachievement．即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。②Hislazinessmakesitimpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal．他的懒惰

使他不可能达到目标。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsforthosegreatachievements(achieve)madebyher．②

We’vehadagoodstart,butmoreworkneedstobedoneto_achieve(achieve)thefinalsuccess．if条件状语从句的省略形式(教材P40)Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,

ifany?如果有的话，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？ifany如果有的话ifso如果这样的话ifnot如果不这样的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果有可能的话①Theremaybesomemistakesinmycomposition．Ifany,pleas

ehelpmepointthemout．我的作文可能有些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。②Didyoucheatintheexam?Ifso,youwon’tgetawaywithit．你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你将不会逃脱惩罚。[链接写作]——完成句子(2018·全国卷

Ⅰ)我是李华，我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空咱们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。I’mLiHua．I’mwonderingifyouareavailableattheweekend．If_so,_let’s_have_a_fa

ce_to_face_talk_abouttablemanners．aswellas既„„又„„，连接并列成分(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,as

wellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．他们使用同一面国旗，也就是英国国旗，也拥有同样的货币和国防。(1)knownastheUnionJack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词fla

g；(2)aswellas既„„又„„，可连接两个平行结构。动词形式与aswellas之前的主语一致；(3)aswellas连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致。①YangLiwei,knownasthefirstChineseastronauttogotospace,isregarded

asanationalhero．杨利伟，作为中国第一个进入太空的宇航员，被认为是国家英雄。②MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing．我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Gr

eatscientificachievementswillhaveapositiveeffectonourlifeaswellassociety．②(2019·天津卷)Amy,aswellasherbrothers

,was_given(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek．theway后省略that/inwhich的定语从句(教材P40)Theyintroduce

dthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他们介绍了英语的起源，改变了人们建造房屋的方式。(1)句中定语从句peoplebuilthouses修饰先行词theway，其前省略了关系词that

/inwhich；(2)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作主语，引导词为that/which且不能省略；(3)theway作先行词，如果在定语从句中作宾语，引导词为that/which且可以省略。①Thestudentsdidn’tunderstandthe

way(that/inwhich)themathsteachersolvedtheproblem．学生们没有理解数学老师解答该题的方法。②I’dliketosettletheprobleminawaywhich/thatispeaceful．我想用和平的方法解决

这个问题。[链接写作]——一句多译我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。①Idon’tlikethe_way_she_speaks_toyou．②Idon’tlikethe_way_in_which_she_speaks_toyou．(inwhich引导的定语从句)③Idon’tlikethe_w

ay_that_she_speaks_toyou．(that引导的定语从句)Ⅰ品句填词1．Astheoldsayinggoes,“Together,individuals(个人)canmakeadifference．

”2．TheUnitedKingdom(王国)ofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandismadeupofEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland．3．Heworksasachief(主要的)editorinCh

inaDaily．4．Thecountryneedsadefence(防御)capabilityasinsuranceagainsttheunexpected．5．Mymotherworksinanearby(附近的)

companyandsheusuallywalkshome．6．Thelocation(位置)oftheArtsTheatrewasconsideredapoorareaoftown．7．Theywereunwillingtoacceptthefactthat

theirsondiedinthebattle(战斗，战役)．8．Asisknowntous,Qingdaoisabeautifulport(港口)citywithalonghistory．9．Asisknowntoall,Chinahasmad

egreatachievements(成就)duringthepastdecades．10．Tim’spuzzled(困惑的)expressionsuggestedthathedidn’tunderstandwhattheyhadsaid．Ⅱ完成句子/一句多译1．在过去的几

年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。Inthelastfewyears,Chinahasmade_great_achievements_in_environmental_protection．2．我们可以更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。Wecanknowmoreabo

utthelifeofgreatpeopleas_well_as_history_and_cultures_ofothercountries．3．著名科学家袁隆平于2019年9月29日被授予共和国勋章。Yuan

Longping,known_as_a_famous_scientist,_wasawardedNationalMedalsonSeptember29th,2019．4．保持环境清洁无污染是使人们生活健康

的关键一步。Keeping_the_environment_clean_and_free_of_pollutionisthekeysteptomakelifehealthy．5．温哥华是加拿大最温暖、

最美丽的城市。它被群山和太平洋环绕。(1)VancouverisCanada’swarmestandmostbeautifulcity．Itis_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(2)VancouverisCanada’swarmest

andmostbeautifulcity,which_is_surrounded_by_mountains_and_the_Pacific_Ocean．(合并升级为定语从句)Ⅲ课文语法填空StudyingB

ritishhistorycanhelpyouunderstand1．whattheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,Englandmean．Inthe16thcentu

ry,WaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland．Inthe18thcentury,Scotlandwasjoined2．to_create(create)theKingdomofGreatBritain．Inthe1

9thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland．However,thesouthernpartofIrelandbroke3．away_from

theUK,whichresulted4．inthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland．Althoughthefourcountriesworktogetherinsomearea

s,theystillhavesome5．differences(different)．TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,6．whichcanhelpyou

understandmuchmoreaboutthecountryand7．its(it)traditions．NomatterwhereyougointheUK,youwill8．be_surroun

ded(surround)byevidencethatfourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory．Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywill

makeyourvisitmuchmore9．enjoyable(enjoy)．TheUKisafascinatingmixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandold10．traditions(tradition)．Ⅰ单

句语法填空1．Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfsurrounded(surround)bysomedoctors．2．Ifyoucontinuetodoillegal(legal)things,yo

uwillendupinprisonsoonerorlater．3．Iamquiteconfused(confuse)byChinesetablemanners．I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesometipsonhowtob

ehaveproperlyatadinnerparty．4．Aswellasstudying(study)Englishatschool，AlicetaughtherselfJapaneseathome．5．Sh

esteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence(defend)．6．Thereisevidence(evident)thatBeijingManusedfireto

cookfood．7．Hepassedthecollegeentranceexamination,whichmadehisparentsveryproud．8．Thereissomuchmoreto_learn(learn)abouttheinterestinghistorya

ndcultureoftheUnitedKingdom．9．Hewasveryupset(upset)becausehispenpaldidn’treplytohislettersintime．10．

Haveyoueverbelonged(belong)toapoliticalparty?Ⅱ阅读理解AOttawaisthecapitalofCanada．ItisthesecondlargestcityinOntarioandthefourthlargestcityinthecount

ry．TheCentreBlockisthemainbuildingonParliamentHill(国会山)．Itisalsothelocationofseveralceremonialspaces,

suchastheHallofHonorandtheMemorialChamber．ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasdestroyedbyfirein1916,anditiso

neofthemostrecognizablebuildingsinCanada．DowntownOttawaisthecommercialandeconomiccentreofthecity．Mostofthebu

ildingsareofficetowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntowncore．The

downtownalsocontainsanumberofapartments,hotels,andtheoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesalongitsedges．TheNationalGalleryof

CanadaisoneofCanada’spremierartgalleries．TheGalleryhasalargeandvariedcollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptureandpho

tographs．AlthoughitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysomenotedAmericanandEuropeanartists．TheRideauCanalistheoldestcontinu

ouslyoperatedcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．Attheverybeginning,thepurposeoftheRideauCanalwasmilitary,asitwasin

tendedtoprovideasecuresupplyandcommunicationroutebetweenMontrealandtheBritishnavalbaseinKingston．Itremainsinusetodayprimarilyforpleasureboating,

withmostofitsoriginalstructuresundamaged．Thelocksonthesystemopenfornavigationinmid-Mayandcloseinmid-Octob

er．【解题导语】文章描写了加拿大渥太华著名的几处地方，并分别对这几处地方进行了详细的说明。1．Theunderlinedword“iteration”inthe2ndparagraphprobablymeans“_____

___”．A．repairB．designC．copyD．landmarkC解析：词义猜测题。从第二段ThepresentCentreBlockistheseconditerationofthebuilding,afterthefirstwasdestroyedbyfirein19

16可知，现如今的中央街区是重新翻修的，以前的那一座在1916年的大火中被毁坏了。所以iteration的意思相当于copy，复制品。故选C。2．InthecoreofDowntownOttawa,wecouldsee________．A．alargenumberoftalltowersB．hea

dofficesofOttawa’shightechindustryC．anumberofapartmentsandhotelsD．theoldersinglefamilyhomesandtownhousesB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Most

ofthebuildingsareofficetowers．WhilemostofOttawa’shightechindustryisbasedelsewhere,ithasasignificantpresenceinthedowntowncore．可知在渥太华

的市中心都是办公大楼，而且主要是高科技行业的办公大楼。3．CollectionsintheNationalGalleryofCanadaaremainly________．A．paintingsanddrawingsB．sculptureandphotographsC．worksbyCana

dianartistsD．artworkbyAmericansandEuropeansC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的TheGalleryhasalargeandvaried．．．AlthoughitsfocusisonCanadianart,italsoholdsworksbysome

notedAmericanandEuropeanartists．可知，主要收藏的是各种各样的画以及雕像、照片。它主要是收藏加拿大人的艺术作品，同时也收藏一些著名的美国人和欧洲人的作品，故选C。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRU

EabouttheRideauCanal?A．ItistheoldestcanalsysteminNorthAmerica．B．Itwasoriginallyforthemilitarypurpose．C．

Theoriginalstructuresremainneverchanged．D．PeoplecanonlygoboatingfromMaytoOctober．B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Attheverybeginning,thepurposeo

ftheRideauCanalwasmilitary可知，最初的目的是军事目的。BYou’llbelikelytobecomeangryifyoudon’tgetagoodnight’ssleep,anewpaperreports．Cuttingafewhoursofsleepo

utofyourscheduleisn’tasgoodanideaasitmayappear．ResearchersattheIowaStateUniversityreportthatmissingsleepwillmakeyouangr

ier,leavingyouill-equippedtodealwithuneasysituations．Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger．Thelinkbetweenlac

k(短缺)ofsleepandnegativemoods(angerincluded)hasbeenprovedinpastresearch,buttheproblemisthatweknowthatthetwocometogether,butnotthatwhetheron

ecausestheother．Inthecurrentstudy,Krizanandco-authorGarrettHisler,anISUdoctoralstudent,dealwiththisquestion．Underthestudy,volunte

ersweredividedintotwogroups．Thecontrolgroupfollowedtheirnormalsleeproutine,whiletheexperimentalgroupcuttwotofourhoursofsleepeachnightfortwonights．O

naverage,thecontrolgroupgotalmostsevenhoursofsleepanight,whiletheexperimentalgroupgotaboutfourandahalfhours

eachnight．Inordertomeasureanger,theyhadvolunteersvisitthelabbeforeandafterthesleepmanipulation(操纵)．Allthewhile,theywereaskedtolistentoso

meunpleasantbrownandwhitenoise．Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions．“Ingeneral,angerwasmuchhigherforthosewhosesleepw

asrestricted(限制)，”Krizansaid．“Wemanipulatedhowunpleasantthenoisewasduringthetask．Asexpected,volunteersreportedmoreangerwhe

nthenoisewasmoreunpleasant．Whensleepwasrestricted,peoplereportedevenmoreanger,regardlessofthenoise．”Slee

plossisknowntoincreasenegativemoods,suchasanxietyandsadness,anddecreasepositivemoods,suchashappinessandexcitement．However,theteamsayst

heyfoundthatsleeplossuniquelyaffectedanger．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡

眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。5．Whatdidthestudymentionedfindout?A．Somedisadvantagesofsleepingless．B．Somesignsofhavingpoor-qualitysleep．C．Thelinkbetween

lackofsleepandnegativemoods．D．Thecause-effectrelationshipbetweensleeplossandanger．D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprov

ideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger．以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。6．What’sthepurposeofaskingthevolunteerstolis

tentounpleasantnoise?A．Tomakethemangry．B．Tomakethemawake．C．Totaketheirattentionaway．D．Toaffecttheirthinkingability．A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的

Inordertomeasureanger和Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions．以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要

是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。7．FromwhatKrizansaid,weknow________．A．thereasonsforthestudyB．thefindingsofthestudyC．theproce

ssofthestudyD．themethodusedinthestudyB解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。Ⅲ七选五Airpollution,asweknowt

oday,startedwiththeIndustrialRevolutioninEuropeinthe19thcentury．Inthelastfewdecades,ithasbecomethemajorproblemofourenv

ironment．1．________Itmayalsocauseharmtootherlivingthingssuchasanimalsandfoodcrops．Ourmodernlifestyle

hasledtodirtierairovertheyears．Factories,vehiclesofallkinds,andthegrowingnumberofpeoplearethethingsthatareresponsibleforairpollutiont

oday．2．________Forestfiresandduststormscanalsoleadtothepollutionoftheatmosphere．Therearetwotypesofozone(臭氧)th

atweknowof．3．________Butontheground,peopleproduceozone,too．Trafficandfactoriescausegroundozone．Itisespeciallydang

erousforchildrenandolderpeople．4．________Choosingotherformsofenergy,likesolarenergyorwindenergycouldbehelpful

incontrollingpollution．CitieslikeLondonhaveshownthatbetterairqualitycanbeachievedinashorttime．Smogisacombinationofsmokeandfog(雾)．During

thebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,thousandsofpeoplediedinLondoneveryyear．However,alothasbeendonetopreventsmogrecently．Factoriesusecoaltha

tdoesn’thavemuchharmfulmaterialinit．Andcarsaremuchcleanertoday．5．________A．Butnotallpollutionintheairiscausedbyhumans．B．Westudentscanals

ohelpmaketheairarounduscleaner!C．Thejobofcleaningupourairisdifficultbutnotimpossible．D．Actually,naturalozoneisintheupperpartofourat

mosphere．E．Itmaycausesomeseriousdiseasesandevendeathforhumans．F．Insomecities,carsarenotevenallowedtodriveonsmogdays．

G．Bothhumanactivityandnaturalprocessescancreateairpollution．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了大气污染的危害、形成原因，以及应对它的一些方法。1．E

解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的It指代的是第一句中提到的Airpollution。根据后一句中的Itmayalsocause．．．也可推出此句是要指出大气污染的一些危害。2．A解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本空前一句指出的都是由

于人类的一些活动而导致的大气污染，而空格后面的Forestfiresandduststorms都是自然灾害引起的大气污染，所以可推出此空承上启下，指出不是所有的大气污染都是由人类引起的。3．D解析：此空设于段中，是对首句的进一步

解释说明。首句提出，我们所知道的有两种臭氧，此句和后一句都是对这两种臭氧的进一步解释，即天然臭氧处于大气层的上部，而人类在地面上也会产生臭氧。4．C解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕空气是可以被净化的这一说法而展开的。5．F解析：此空设

于段尾，是对本段第三句的进一步具体解释。第三句提出，最近针对雾霾已经出现了很多措施，工厂用的煤含有很少的有害物质，汽车也变得更清洁了，甚至在雾霾天，一些城市都不允许汽车出行。