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海淀区2019-2020学年高三年级考前查漏补缺题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空

。ABooksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwasso1(thank)thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.After2(survive)terrib

leexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefo

rtheauthorsIloved,is3Iamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingoppor

tunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.BIt’sapopular4(believe)thatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongerthansev

enseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenor5they’vebeen,andtheydon’trecogni

zeyouoranyoftheirfriends–everymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoquicktof

eelsorryforthem.Arecentstudy6(find)thatfishhavemuch7(good)memoriesthanweusedtothink.Infact,certainspecieso

ffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.CIhonestlybelievethere’sadangerthatthemoreconnectedweare,themoreisolat

edwefeel.Idon’tthinkthisissuchanissueformygenerationwho’velived8technologyforsolong.Weknowhowtobealoneand,moreimportantly,weknowthatit’sOKtobealon

e.9theunder20sareanotherkettleoffish.They’resobusy(communicate)thattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandruntheriskofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheiro

wncompany.Inaddition,they’relearningconversationthroughmessagesthatcan10(edit)andchangedattheexpenseoflearningtheartofreal

conversationinrealtimewiththepersoninfrontofyou.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。―Hi!‖Ste

llershouted.―I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?‖Themanlookedtobeinhis60s,heavysetandmissin

gafewteeth.―Actually,‖hesaid,―Ihaveaweddingtogoto.Iwasreally11togetahaircut.‖Theman,namedEdward,12satonSteller’sredchair.Shebegantotri

mhiscurlygrayinghair.Thenhebegantotellherabouthischildhood,aboutmovingheretobeclosertohisadultchildren,a

ndhowhestilltalkstohismomeveryday.Afterthehaircut,Edwardlookedinamirror,exclaiming―Ilook13!I’llremembertoputmy14

innexttime.Ilookbetterwithteeth!‖Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircuts.Theseclientsallliveonthemargins(边缘),andsheiskeenl

yawareofthe15ofherclean-upjob.―It’smorethanahaircut,‖shesays.―Iwantittobeagateway—toshowvalueand16.‖Stellerknowsthatahaircutcanchangealife.A

sateen,shesufferedfroma(n)17whichwassoseverethatherhair18drastically.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedfor

Steller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.―Tositdownandhavesomebodytalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpe

dmefeel19aboutandlessalone,‖shesays.Afterthat,Stellerdecidedtohaveherownsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthe20she’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishi

ngcosmetology(美容术)school,shebeganherRedChairProject,21outtopeopleonthestreets.Althoughshecan’t22theirproblem

sbygivingfreehaircuts,shebelievesitmighthelpthemfeelless23foramoment.Stellerlistenstopeople’s24oflossandstruggleto

getbackontheirfeet.Theattentionapparently25.Whenshewascuttingawoman’shaironeday,someonedrovebyandyelled,―Youlookamazing!‖Thew

omaninthechairbeamed.―I’mnot26,‖sheexclaimed.―IthoughtIwasinvisible.Look,peopleseeme!‖ABranchoftheRedChairProjectistheStellerKindnessProject

,inwhichpeoplewho27actsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchange,theytelltheirstories,whichSteller28onher

website.Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbe29tospreadtheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.Anditallbeganwitha(n)30insimpleact

sofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.11.A.hopingB.learningC.promisingD.hesitating12.A.freelyB.gladlyC.patientlyD.voluntarily13.A.fitB.ugl

yC.goodD.silly14.A.feetB.handC.heartD.teeth15.A.energyB.forceC.lengthD.power16.A.rewardB.respectC.sympath

yD.determination17.A.attackB.threatC.accidentD.disease18.A.thinnedB.loosenedC.whitenedD.shortened19.A.caredB.worriedC.knownD.thought20.A.useB.

wayC.needD.reason21.A.runningB.callingC.reachingD.pointing22.A.fixB.faceC.raiseD.present23.A.afraidB.aloneC.an

noyedD.ashamed24.A.complaintsB.explanationsC.desiresD.stories25.A.disappearsB.growsC.worksD.spreads26.A.innocentB.invisibleC.unimportantD.uncommo

n27.A.appreciateB.discoverC.commitD.witness28.A.createsB.enjoysC.sellsD.shares29.A.urgedB.allowedC.inspiredD.persuaded30.A.belie

fB.trustC.investmentD.pleasure第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AGetinvolvedwi

thourresearchSomeofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit’susingyourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,orsimplyvolunteering

yourtimeforastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeoftheground-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresearch.W

atchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?Researchers

fromtheSleep&CircadianNeuroscienceInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordareevaluatingdifferentinterventionsaimedatimprovingsleep.Wearel

ookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.ParticipationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryatOx

ford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andcompletingcomputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudyyouvolunteerfor,y

ouwilleitherundergoanonlineself-helptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivebrainstimulationsessionspr

iortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedforyourtime.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontacttheresearcht

eamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteerswithlazyeyewantedWearelookingforvolunteerswithahistoryoflazyeyetotakeparti

nourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular(双眼的)visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wearelookingforhealthy,fluentEnglishvoluntee

rsaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.YouwillalsobeaskedquestionsaboutyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabilityforanMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinfo

rmation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisanindependentmulti-disciplinaryclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelop

ingnewandimprovedvaccinesforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstud

yingtheepidemiologyofinfectiousdiseases.Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurrentlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfo@

ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallabfortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstopa

rticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolvingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-m

aking.Wepayoursubjectswell,therearenospecialskillsrequiredandyoudon’thavetobeastudenttotakepart!Cont

actusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinformation.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TooffermedicalhelptopatientsB.Tolookforexperiencedresea

rchersC.TointroducenewresearchprogramsD.Torecruitvolunteersforresearchprojects32.ThegoalofOVGisto_______.A.carryoutclinicaltrialsB.producev

accinesagainstvirusesC.learnmoreabouttheimmunesystemD.studytheoccurrenceofinfectiousdiseases33.YoucanfinishtheexperimentonyourhomePC

ifyoujoin__________.A.OxfordVaccineGroupB.InsomniaresearchgroupC.OxfordExperimentallabD.BrainScannings

tudygroupBTHEOLDFISHERMANOurhousewasdirectlyacrossapopularhospital.Werentedtheupstairsroomstooutpatientsattheclinic.On

esummerevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulyawfullookingman,hisfacelopsidedfromswelling,re

dandraw.Hetoldmehe’dbeenhuntingforaroomsincenoonbuthehadnosuccess.―Iguessit’smyface.Iknowitlooksterrible,butmydoctorsayswithafewmoretreatments…

‖ForamomentIhesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:―Icouldsleepinthisrockingchairontheporch.Mybusleavesearlyinthemorning.‖Itoldh

imwewouldfindhimabed,buttorestontheporch.Itdidn’ttakealongtimetoseethatthisoldmanhadanoversizedheartcrowde

dintothattinybody.Hetoldmehefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,herfivechildren,andherhusband,whowashopelesslycrippledfromabackinjury.Hedidn’ttelli

tbywayofcomplaint.Hewasgratefulthatnopainaccompaniedhisdisease.Atbedtime,weputacampcotinthechildren’sroomforhim.WhenIgotupinthem

orning,thebedlinenswereneatlyfoldedandthelittlemanwasoutontheporch.Beforeheleftforhisbus,haltingly,hes

aid,―CouldIpleasecomebackandstaythenexttimeIhaveatreatment?Icansleepfineinachair.‖Hepausedamomentandthenadded,―Yourchildrenmademefeelathome.Gr

ownupsarebotheredbymyface,butchildrendon’tseemtomind.‖Itoldhimhewaswelcometocomeagain.Intheyearshecametos

tayovernightwithus.Therewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusfishoroystersorvegetablesfromhisgarden.WhenIreceivedthe

selittleremembrances,Ioftenthoughtofacommentournext-doorneighbormadeafterheleftthatfirstmorning.―Youcanloseroomers

byputtingupsuchpeople!‖Maybewedidloseroomersonceortwice.Butoh!Ifonlytheycouldhaveknownhim,perhapsthei

rillnesseswouldhavebeeneasiertobear.Iknowourfamilyalwayswillbegratefultohaveknownhim;fromhimwelearnedwhatitwastoaccep

tthebadwithoutcomplaintandthegoodwithgratitude.34.Whentheoldfishermanstayedovernight,theauthor’schildren___

_____________.A.werebotheredB.wereterrifiedC.feltnormalD.feltathome35.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthefisherman?A.Heisboth

tallandstrong.B.Hehasfivegrandchildren.C.Heispessimisticaboutlife.D.Hesuffersfromabackinjury.36.Theoldfishermangavet

heauthorfishesandoystersbecausehe________.A.wantedtheauthortobuythem.B.wantedtopaytherentwiththem.C.hadfishedtoomanyfishesandoysters.

D.wantedtoshowhisthankfulnesstotheauthor.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.B.Littlestrokes

fellgreatoaks.C.Staypositive,staygrateful.D.Honestyisthebestpolicy.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hear

ingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhe

nstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrop

s.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyal

ackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrason

icrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideaga

instlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccor

dingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanavera

geof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onav

erage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learn

ingmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascaused

bydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttoba

cco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould―openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture‖,ther

esearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrou

ght.―Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafi

eldsituation,‖saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltorte

mperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplan

tsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推测的）fornow,shesays.38.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoun

dsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughte

rwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves39.WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingofth

eexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic40.Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenh

ouseeffectscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C.plantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D.ins

ectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofS

tressC.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDThefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanoldermanwithafaultyheart—themainpumph

adfailedandhisheartwasbeatingirregularlyandfartoofast.Wetriedtoslowitdownwithtreatment,butitsuddenlystoppedbeatingcomplete

ly.Later,wheneverIwouldhaveacaselikethatone,Ifoundmyselfsecond-guessingmyclinicalmanagement.However,itturnsout

thatthinkingtwicemayactuallycausemoreharmthangood.Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeliveringaba

byhaveanadverseoutcome,theyaremorelikelytoswitchtoadifferentdeliverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnecessarily

andsometimeswithworseresults.Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefalloutfromsecond-guessingloomsespeciallylargefo

rus.A2006studyfoundthatifapatienthadableedafterbeingprescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lesslikelytoprescribesubs

equentpatientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.However,ifapatienthadastrokeandwasnotonwarfarin,physicianswerestillnomorelikelytopre

scribewarfarintotheirotherpatients.Thesefindingshighlightinterestingbehavioralpatternsindoctors.Intheblood-thinners

tudy,doctorsweremoreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm(prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient)andlessaffectedbylett

ingharmhappen(notprescribingabloodthinnerandthepatienthavingastroke).Yetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddama

gingthanableed.Butthisphenomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.―OverreactiontoFearsomeRisks‖holdstrueforbroadersociety.Forinstance,sensationalheadlinesabouts

harkattacksonhumansinFloridain2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitshark-feedingexpeditions.Yetsharkattackshadactuallyfallenthatyearand,acco

rdingtothestudy,suchachangewasprobablyunnecessarygiventheextremelysmallriskofsuchanattackhappening.Humansaresusceptibletoe

motionalandoftenirrationalthinkingwhenprocessinginformation,adverseeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswedon’twanttocauseanunfortunate

eventtorecur—inamedicalsettingorinthewiderworld—weneedtobeawarethataworst-casescenariodoesn’tnecessarilymeanwedida

nythingwrong.Whenweoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknoworhaveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentlyoveranalyzeandcometothewrongconclusio

n.Ihavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresentedwiththesameillnessesasmyfirstpatient,whodiedmorethanayearago.Insteadofsecond-

guessingmyself,Itrustedmyclinicalinstinctandstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatientssurvived.Youshouldtrus

tyourinstinctinyourlife,too.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat______?A.Badmedicaloutcomesaffectdoctors.B.Deliveringbabiescanbedifficultwork.C

.Somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced.D.Doctorssometimesmakesillymistakes.43.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors______.A.tendtoprescribelesseffectivem

edicineB.aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients’safetyC.believeastrokeismoretreatablethanableedingD.becomelessconfidentinwriting

certainprescriptions44.Theauthordevelopshisideamainlyby______.A.givingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.usingmetaphorsD.quotingfam

oussayings45.Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat______.A.weshouldn’tdoubtourowndecisionsB.ourexperiencewillpavewayforourfutureC.humansareemotionaland

irrationalonthewholeD.instinctsdon’tnecessarilyleadtowrongdirections第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选

项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OptimismBias(偏见)Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthattheh

umanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderes

timatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.46Thisbiasleadsustobelievethatwearelesslikelytosuf

ferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewilllivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheave

rage.47Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthatourchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexper

iencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeers.Andthisoverlypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives

.48Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,geti

nanaccident,orgetskincancer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:ATouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrai

n,notesthatthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisopti

mismbiascanattimesleadtonegativeoutcomeslikefoolishlyengaginginriskybehaviorsormakingpoorchoicesaboutyourhealth,itcan

alsohaveitsbenefits.49Ifweexpectgoodthingstohappen,wearemorelikelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillin

gprophecy.Bybelievingthatwewillbesuccessful,peopleareinfactmorelikelytobesuccessful.50Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesucce

ss,whywouldweevenbothertrying?Optimistsarealsomorelikelytotakemeasurestoprotecttheirhealthsuchasexercising,takingvitamins,andfollowing

anutritiousdiet.A.Optimismalsomotivatesustopursueourgoals.B.Butwearealsohighlymotivatedtobesooptimistic.C.Butdefinitelynoteveryoneisblessedwi

thsuchluck.D.Thisisbecauseyourbrainhasabuilt-inoptimismbias.E.Itcanalsoleadtopoordecision-making,whichcansometimeshavedisastrousresults.F.Thi

soptimismenhanceswell-beingbycreatingasenseofanticipationaboutthefuture.G.Variouscausesmayleadtotheoptimisticbias,includingcognitiveandmo

tivationalfactors.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假如你是高三（1）班班长李华，请你给曾经在你们班交换学习的英国同学Jim写信，让他录制一段视频为同学们加油，在考前班会上播放。邮件内容包括：

1.此次班会的目的；2.对视频的要求（时长，内容......）。注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua第二节（20分）探访北京老字号商铺，了解老字号时代变迁,见证传

统工艺与现代创意的结合(exploretime-honoredbusinessesinBeijing;followthebusinesses’evolutionandwitnessthecombinationoft

raditionalcraftsmanshipandmoderndesigns)图一：看到“北京印迹•北京老字号探访”活动介绍，积极报名图二：在大栅栏地区参观老字号商铺，听历史文化研究者讲解老字号的历史（传统）图三：参观内联升鞋店，感受传统工艺与现

代创意的结合（现代）图四：撰写报告，抒发感想答案一、语法填空1.thankful2.surviving3.what4.belief5.where6.hasfound7.better8.without9.But10.beedited二、完形填空11.A12.B13.C14.D15.D1

6.B17.D18.A19.A20.B21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.C30.A三、阅读理解31.D32.B33.C;34.C35.B36.D37.A38.B39.C40.C41.B42.A43.D44.A45.

D46.D47.C48.E49.F50.A欢迎访问―高中试卷网