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海淀区2019-2020学年高三年级考前查漏补缺题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提

示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABooksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwasso1(thank)thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbook

ssavedmylife.After2(survive)terribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjour

ney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,is3Iamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennov

elssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.BIt’sapopular4(believe)thatfishcan’trememberanythingforlongert

hansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenor5they’vebeen,andtheydon’trecogn

izeyouoranyoftheirfriends–everymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoq

uicktofeelsorryforthem.Arecentstudy6(find)thatfishhavemuch7(good)memoriesthanweusedtothink.Infact,certainspecie

soffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.CIhonestlybelievethere’sadangerthatthemoreconnectedweare,themoreisolatedwefeel.Idon’tt

hinkthisissuchanissueformygenerationwho’velived8technologyforsolong.Weknowhowtobealoneand,moreimportantly,weknowt

hatit’sOKtobealone.9theunder20sareanotherkettleoffish.They’resobusy(communicate)thattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandruntheris

kofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheirowncompany.Inaddition,they’relearningconversationthroughmessagesthatcan10(edit)andchangedattheexp

enseoflearningtheartofrealconversationinrealtimewiththepersoninfrontofyou.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、

B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。―Hi!‖Stellershouted.―I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?‖The

manlookedtobeinhis60s,heavysetandmissingafewteeth.―Actually,‖hesaid,―Ihaveaweddingtogoto.Iwasreally11togetahaircut.‖Theman,namedEdw

ard,12satonSteller’sredchair.Shebegantotrimhiscurlygrayinghair.Thenhebegantotellherabouthischildhood,aboutmovingher

etobeclosertohisadultchildren,andhowhestilltalkstohismomeveryday.Afterthehaircut,Edwardlookedinamirror,exclaiming―Ilook13!I’llrememberto

putmy14innexttime.Ilookbetterwithteeth!‖Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircuts.Theseclientsallliveon

themargins(边缘),andsheiskeenlyawareofthe15ofherclean-upjob.―It’smorethanahaircut,‖shesays.―Iwantittobeagateway—toshowvalueand16.‖Stellerknows

thatahaircutcanchangealife.Asateen,shesufferedfroma(n)17whichwassoseverethatherhair18drastically.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedforSteller’s

firstprofessionalhaircut.―Tositdownandhavesomebodytalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeel19aboutandlessalone,‖shesays.Afterthat,Stell

erdecidedtohaveherownsalonsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthe20she’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetology(美容术)school,shebeganh

erRedChairProject,21outtopeopleonthestreets.Althoughshecan’t22theirproblemsbygivingfreehaircuts,shebelievesitmight

helpthemfeelless23foramoment.Stellerlistenstopeople’s24oflossandstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.Theattentionapparently25.Whenshew

ascuttingawoman’shaironeday,someonedrovebyandyelled,―Youlookamazing!‖Thewomaninthechairbeamed.―I’mnot26,‖sheexclaimed.―IthoughtIw

asinvisible.Look,peopleseeme!‖ABranchoftheRedChairProjectistheStellerKindnessProject,inwhichpeoplewh

o27actsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchange,theytelltheirstories,whichSteller28onherwebsite.Herho

peisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbe29tospreadtheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.Anditallbeganwitha(n)30insimpleactsofkindnes

s,suchasafreehaircut.11.A.hopingB.learningC.promisingD.hesitating12.A.freelyB.gladlyC.patientlyD.voluntarily13.A.fitB.ugly

C.goodD.silly14.A.feetB.handC.heartD.teeth15.A.energyB.forceC.lengthD.power16.A.rewardB.respectC.sympathyD.determination17.A.attackB.th

reatC.accidentD.disease18.A.thinnedB.loosenedC.whitenedD.shortened19.A.caredB.worriedC.knownD.thought20.A.useB.wayC.

needD.reason21.A.runningB.callingC.reachingD.pointing22.A.fixB.faceC.raiseD.present23.A.afraidB.aloneC.annoyedD.ashamed24.A.compl

aintsB.explanationsC.desiresD.stories25.A.disappearsB.growsC.worksD.spreads26.A.innocentB.invisibleC.unimportantD.uncommon27.A.appreciate

B.discoverC.commitD.witness28.A.createsB.enjoysC.sellsD.shares29.A.urgedB.allowedC.inspiredD.persuaded30.A.beliefB.trus

tC.investmentD.pleasure第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AGetinvolvedwithourresearchSomeofo

urresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit’susingyourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,ors

implyvolunteeringyourtimeforastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeoftheground-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresear

ch.Watchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucouldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?Researc

hersfromtheSleep&CircadianNeuroscienceInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordareevaluatingdifferentinterventionsa

imedatimprovingsleep.Wearelookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.Participationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryat

Oxford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andcompletingcomputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudyyouvolunteerfor,youwilleitherundergoanonlin

eself-helptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivebrainstimulationsessionspriortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedforyourti

me.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontacttheresearchteamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteer

swithlazyeyewantedWearelookingforvolunteerswithahistoryoflazyeyetotakepartinourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular(双眼的)visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wea

relookingforhealthy,fluentEnglishvolunteersaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.Youwillalsobeaskedquestionsab

outyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabilityforanMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinformation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisaninde

pendentmulti-disciplinaryclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccine

sforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandchildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstudyingtheepidemiologyofinfe

ctiousdiseases.Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurrentlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfo@ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallab

fortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInternetInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolv

ingonlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.Wepayoursubjectswell,therearenospecialskil

lsrequiredandyoudon’thavetobeastudenttotakepart!Contactusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinformation.31.Whatisthem

ainpurposeofthepassage?A.TooffermedicalhelptopatientsB.TolookforexperiencedresearchersC.Tointroducenewres

earchprogramsD.Torecruitvolunteersforresearchprojects32.ThegoalofOVGisto_______.A.carryoutclinicaltrialsB.producevaccinesagainst

virusesC.learnmoreabouttheimmunesystemD.studytheoccurrenceofinfectiousdiseases33.Youcanfinishtheexper

imentonyourhomePCifyoujoin__________.A.OxfordVaccineGroupB.InsomniaresearchgroupC.OxfordExperimentallabD.BrainScann

ingstudygroupBTHEOLDFISHERMANOurhousewasdirectlyacrossapopularhospital.Werentedtheupstairsroomstooutpatientsattheclinic.One

summerevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulyawfullookingman,hisfacelopsidedfromswelling,red

andraw.Hetoldmehe’dbeenhuntingforaroomsincenoonbuthehadnosuccess.―Iguessit’smyface.Iknowitlooksterrible,butmydoctorsayswithafewm

oretreatments…‖ForamomentIhesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:―Icouldsleepinthisrockingchairontheporch.Mybu

sleavesearlyinthemorning.‖Itoldhimwewouldfindhimabed,buttorestontheporch.Itdidn’ttakealongtimetoseeth

atthisoldmanhadanoversizedheartcrowdedintothattinybody.Hetoldmehefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,herfivechildren

,andherhusband,whowashopelesslycrippledfromabackinjury.Hedidn’ttellitbywayofcomplaint.Hewasgratefulthatnopainaccompaniedhisdisease.Atbedtime,wepu

tacampcotinthechildren’sroomforhim.WhenIgotupinthemorning,thebedlinenswereneatlyfoldedandthelittlemanwasoutonthepor

ch.Beforeheleftforhisbus,haltingly,hesaid,―CouldIpleasecomebackandstaythenexttimeIhaveatreatment?Icansleepfineinachair.‖Hepauseda

momentandthenadded,―Yourchildrenmademefeelathome.Grownupsarebotheredbymyface,butchildrendon’tseemtom

ind.‖Itoldhimhewaswelcometocomeagain.Intheyearshecametostayovernightwithus.Therewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusfishoroystersorvegetab

lesfromhisgarden.WhenIreceivedtheselittleremembrances,Ioftenthoughtofacommentournext-doorneighbormadeafterheleftthatfirstmorning

.―Youcanloseroomersbyputtingupsuchpeople!‖Maybewedidloseroomersonceortwice.Butoh!Ifonlytheycouldhaveknownhim,perhap

stheirillnesseswouldhavebeeneasiertobear.Iknowourfamilyalwayswillbegratefultohaveknownhim;fromhimwelearnedwhatitwastoacceptthebadwithoutcompl

aintandthegoodwithgratitude.34.Whentheoldfishermanstayedovernight,theauthor’schildren________________.A.were

botheredB.wereterrifiedC.feltnormalD.feltathome35.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthefisherman?A.Heisbothtallandstrong.B.Hehasfivegrandchi

ldren.C.Heispessimisticaboutlife.D.Hesuffersfromabackinjury.36.Theoldfishermangavetheauthorfishesandoys

tersbecausehe________.A.wantedtheauthortobuythem.B.wantedtopaytherentwiththem.C.hadfishedtoomanyfishesandoysters.D.

wantedtoshowhisthankfulnesstotheauthor.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.B.Littles

trokesfellgreatoaks.C.Staypositive,staygrateful.D.Honestyisthebestpolicy.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsareca

pableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoni

ccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleag

uesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyal

ackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz

,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsona

plantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,

theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsm

adeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodi

stinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants

’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’

sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould

―openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture‖,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyi

mportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.―Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricul

tureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation,‖saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK

.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtos

ounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspe

culative（推测的）fornow,shesays.38.TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakelou

dersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsprod

ucedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves39.WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthef

indingoftheexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic40.Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenhouseeffe

ctscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C.plantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D.insectscanbedetectedand

removedeasily.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC.SoundsofPlantsD

etectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDThefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanoldermanwithafaultyhear

t—themainpumphadfailedandhisheartwasbeatingirregularlyandfartoofast.Wetriedtoslowitdownwithtreatment,butitsuddenly

stoppedbeatingcompletely.Later,wheneverIwouldhaveacaselikethatone,Ifoundmyselfsecond-guessingmyclinicalmanagement.However,itturnsoutthatthinkingtwi

cemayactuallycausemoreharmthangood.Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeli

veringababyhaveanadverseoutcome,theyaremorelikelytoswitchtoadifferentdeliverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnecessarilyandsometimeswith

worseresults.Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefalloutfromsecond-guessingloomsespeciallylargeforus.A2006studyfoundthati

fapatienthadableedafterbeingprescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lesslikelytoprescribesubsequentpa

tientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.However,ifapatienthadastrokeandwasnotonwarfarin,physicianswerestillnomorelikelytopre

scribewarfarintotheirotherpatients.Thesefindingshighlightinterestingbehavioralpatternsindoctors.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctorswere

moreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm(prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient)andlessaffectedbylettingharmhappen(no

tprescribingabloodthinnerandthepatienthavingastroke).Yetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddamagingthanableed.Butthisphe

nomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.―OverreactiontoFearsomeRisks‖holdstrueforbroadersociety.Forinstance,sensationalheadlinesaboutsharkattacksonhumansi

nFloridain2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitshark-feedingexpeditions.Yetsharkattackshadactuallyfallen

thatyearand,accordingtothestudy,suchachangewasprobablyunnecessarygiventheextremelysmallriskofsuchanattackhappening.Humansa

resusceptibletoemotionalandoftenirrationalthinkingwhenprocessinginformation,adverseeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswed

on’twanttocauseanunfortunateeventtorecur—inamedicalsettingorinthewiderworld—weneedtobeawarethataworst-cas

escenariodoesn’tnecessarilymeanwedidanythingwrong.Whenweoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknowor

haveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentlyoveranalyzeandcometothewrongconclusion.Ihavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresen

tedwiththesameillnessesasmyfirstpatient,whodiedmorethanayearago.Insteadofsecond-guessingmyself,Itrustedmyclinicalinsti

nctandstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatientssurvived.Youshouldtrustyourinstinctinyourlife,too.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat______?A

.Badmedicaloutcomesaffectdoctors.B.Deliveringbabiescanbedifficultwork.C.Somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced.D.Doctorssometimesmak

esillymistakes.43.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors______.A.tendtoprescribelesseffectivemedicineB.aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients’s

afetyC.believeastrokeismoretreatablethanableedingD.becomelessconfidentinwritingcertainprescriptions44.Thea

uthordevelopshisideamainlyby______.A.givingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.usingmetaphorsD.quotingfamous

sayings45.Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat______.A.weshouldn’tdoubtourowndecisionsB.ourexperiencewillpavewayforourfu

tureC.humansareemotionalandirrationalonthewholeD.instinctsdon’tnecessarilyleadtowrongdirections第二节（共5小题；每小题

2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OptimismBias(偏见)Whileweoftenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,re

searchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimestoooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceill

ness,jobloss,oranaccident,youarelikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.46Thisbi

asleadsustobelievethatwearelesslikelytosufferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewil

llivelonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.47Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthato

urchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexperiencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeers.Andthisoverl

ypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives.48Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyp

hysical,notweartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikely

togetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincancer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:AT

ouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrain,notesthatthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisoptimism

biascanattimesleadtonegativeoutcomeslikefoolishlyengaginginriskybehaviorsormakingpoorchoicesaboutyourhealth,itcanalsohaveitsbenefits.49Ifweexp

ectgoodthingstohappen,wearemorelikelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillingprophecy.Bybelievingthatwewillbesucce

ssful,peopleareinfactmorelikelytobesuccessful.50Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesuccess,whywouldweevenb

othertrying?Optimistsarealsomorelikelytotakemeasurestoprotecttheirhealthsuchasexercising,takingvitamins,andfollowinganutritiousdiet.A.Optimismals

omotivatesustopursueourgoals.B.Butwearealsohighlymotivatedtobesooptimistic.C.Butdefinitelynoteveryoneisblessedwithsuchluck.D.Thisisbecausey

ourbrainhasabuilt-inoptimismbias.E.Itcanalsoleadtopoordecision-making,whichcansometimeshavedisastrousresults.F.Thisoptimismenhanceswell-beingbycrea

tingasenseofanticipationaboutthefuture.G.Variouscausesmayleadtotheoptimisticbias,includingcognitiveandmotivation

alfactors.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假如你是高三（1）班班长李华，请你给曾经在你们班交换学习的英国同学Jim写信，让他录制一段视频为同学们加油，在考前班会上播放。邮件内容包括：1.此次班会的目的；2

.对视频的要求（时长，内容......）。注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua第二节（20分）探访北京老字号商铺，了解老字号时代变迁,见证传统工艺与现代创意的结合(exploretime-honoredb

usinessesinBeijing;followthebusinesses’evolutionandwitnessthecombinationoftraditionalcraftsmanshipandmoderndesig

ns)图一：看到“北京印迹•北京老字号探访”活动介绍，积极报名图二：在大栅栏地区参观老字号商铺，听历史文化研究者讲解老字号的历史（传统）图三：参观内联升鞋店，感受传统工艺与现代创意的结合（现代）图四：撰写报告，抒发感想答案一、语法填空1.thankful2

.surviving3.what4.belief5.where6.hasfound7.better8.without9.But10.beedited二、完形填空11.A12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.

D18.A19.A20.B21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.C30.A三、阅读理解31.D32.B33.C;34.C35.B36.D37.A38.B39.C40.C41.B42.A43.D4

4.A45.D46.D47.C48.E49.F50.A欢迎访问―高中试卷网