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海淀区2019-2020学年高三年级考前查漏补缺题第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单

词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ABooksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwasso1(thank)thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeir

bookssavedmylife.After2(survive)terribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,posit

iveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,is3Iamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssin

ce2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.BIt’sapopular4(believe)thatfishcan’tremembe

ranythingforlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenor5they’vebeen,andth

eydon’trecognizeyouoranyoftheirfriends–everymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttim

e.Butdon’tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Arecentstudy6(find)thatfishhavemuch7(good)memoriesthanweusedtothink.Infact,certainspeciesoffishcan

evenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.CIhonestlybelievethere’sadangerthatthemoreconnectedweare,themoreisolatedwefeel.Idon’tthinkthisissuchaniss

ueformygenerationwho’velived8technologyforsolong.Weknowhowtobealoneand,moreimportantly,weknowthatit’sOKtobealone.9theunder

20sareanotherkettleoffish.They’resobusy(communicate)thattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandrunth

eriskofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheirowncompany.Inaddition,they’relearningconversationthroughmessagesthatcan10(edit)andchangedattheexpenseo

flearningtheartofrealconversationinrealtimewiththepersoninfrontofyou.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。―Hi!‖Stellershouted.―I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?‖Themanlookedtobeinhis60s,heavysetandmissinga

fewteeth.―Actually,‖hesaid,―Ihaveaweddingtogoto.Iwasreally11togetahaircut.‖Theman,namedEdward,12satonSteller

’sredchair.Shebegantotrimhiscurlygrayinghair.Thenhebegantotellherabouthischildhood,aboutmovingheretobeclosertohisadultchildren,andhowh

estilltalkstohismomeveryday.Afterthehaircut,Edwardlookedinamirror,exclaiming―Ilook13!I’llremembertoputmy14innexttime.Ilo

okbetterwithteeth!‖Todate,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircuts.Theseclientsallliveonthemargins(边缘),andsheiskeenlyawareofthe15ofhercl

ean-upjob.―It’smorethanahaircut,‖shesays.―Iwantittobeagateway—toshowvalueand16.‖Stellerknowsthatahaircutcanchangealife.Asateen,she

sufferedfroma(n)17whichwassoseverethatherhair18drastically.Seeingthis,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.―Tositdownandhavesomebod

ytalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeel19aboutandlessalone,‖shesays.Afterthat,Stellerdecidedtohaveherownsalonsoshecould

helppeoplefeelthe20she’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetology(美容术)school,shebeganherRedChairProject,21outtopeopleonthestr

eets.Althoughshecan’t22theirproblemsbygivingfreehaircuts,shebelievesitmighthelpthemfeelless23foramoment.Stellerlisten

stopeople’s24oflossandstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.Theattentionapparently25.Whenshewascuttingawoman’shaironeday,someonedrovebyandyelled,―Yo

ulookamazing!‖Thewomaninthechairbeamed.―I’mnot26,‖sheexclaimed.―IthoughtIwasinvisible.Look,peopleseeme!‖ABranchoftheRedCh

airProjectistheStellerKindnessProject,inwhichpeoplewho27actsofkindnessareinvitedforafreemakeover(美容)atSteller’ssalon.Inexchang

e,theytelltheirstories,whichSteller28onherwebsite.Herhopeisthatbyreadingaboutkindacts,otherswillbe29

tospreadtheirown.Sofar,it’sworking.Anditallbeganwitha(n)30insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.11.A.hopingB.learningC.

promisingD.hesitating12.A.freelyB.gladlyC.patientlyD.voluntarily13.A.fitB.uglyC.goodD.silly14.A.feetB.handC.heartD.teeth15.A.energyB.forceC.le

ngthD.power16.A.rewardB.respectC.sympathyD.determination17.A.attackB.threatC.accidentD.disease18.A.thinnedB.loosenedC.whitenedD.shortened19.A

.caredB.worriedC.knownD.thought20.A.useB.wayC.needD.reason21.A.runningB.callingC.reachingD.pointing22.A.fixB.faceC.raiseD.presen

t23.A.afraidB.aloneC.annoyedD.ashamed24.A.complaintsB.explanationsC.desiresD.stories25.A.disappearsB.growsC.worksD.spreads26.A

.innocentB.invisibleC.unimportantD.uncommon27.A.appreciateB.discoverC.commitD.witness28.A.createsB.enjoysC.sellsD.shares29.A.urgedB.allowedC.inspire

dD.persuaded30.A.beliefB.trustC.investmentD.pleasure第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸

上将该项涂黑。AGetinvolvedwithourresearchSomeofourresearchprojectsrelyonthegenerosityofpeoplelikeyou.Whetherit’susing

yourhomePC,takingpartinaclinicaltrial,orsimplyvolunteeringyourtimeforastudy,youmaybeabletocontributetosomeofthegr

ound-breakingprojectswhichmaketheUniversityofOxfordaworldleaderinresearch.Watchthisspaceforwaysinwhichyoucou

ldgetinvolved.SeekingpoorsleepersforinsomniaresearchTroublesleeping?ResearchersfromtheSleep&CircadianNeuroscienceInstituteattheUniversityofOxfordare

evaluatingdifferentinterventionsaimedatimprovingsleep.Wearelookingforpoorsleepersbetweentheagesof18and65.Partic

ipationwillinvolvespendingovernightsinthesleeplaboratoryatOxford,monitoringyoursleep/wakecycle,andcompletingcomputerisedtasks.Dependingonthestudy

youvolunteerfor,youwilleitherundergoanonlineself-helptreatmentprogrammeorlab-basednon-invasivebrainstimulation

sessionspriortobedtime.Youwillbereimbursedforyourtime.Ifyouareinterestedintakingpartorwouldlikemoreinformation,pleaseco

ntacttheresearchteamdirectlyatinsomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.ukVolunteerswithlazyeyewantedWearelookingforvolunteerswithahistoryoflazye

yetotakepartinourbrainscanningstudyonhowbinocular(双眼的)visionrelatestobrainchemistry.Wearelookingforhealthy,fl

uentEnglishvolunteersaged18-45withahistoryoflazyeye.Youwillalsobeaskedquestionsaboutyourmedicalhistorytocheckyoursuitabil

ityforanMRIscan.Call01865223622formoreinformation.OxfordVaccineGroupTheOxfordVaccineGroupisanindependentmulti-disciplinar

yclinicaltrialsandepidemiologygroup.OVGworkstowardsthegoalofdevelopingnewandimprovedvaccinesforthepreventionofinfectioninadultsandch

ildren,enhancingtheunderstandingofimmunityandstudyingtheepidemiologyofinfectiousdiseases.Tofindoutwhichresearchprojectsarecurre

ntlyrecruitingvolunteers,pleaseseetheOVGwebsiteoremailinfo@ovg.ox.ac.uk.OxfordExperimentallabfortheSocialSciencesTheOxfordInterne

tInstitute,togetherwiththeBusinessSchool,isrecruitingindividualstoparticipateincomputer-basedexperimentsinvolving

onlinesurfingbehavioraswellaseconomicandpoliticaldecision-making.Wepayoursubjectswell,therearenospecialskillsrequiredandyoudon’thavetobe

astudenttotakepart!Contactusatsocialscience.study@ox.ac.ukformoreinformation.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Too

ffermedicalhelptopatientsB.TolookforexperiencedresearchersC.TointroducenewresearchprogramsD.Torecruitvolunt

eersforresearchprojects32.ThegoalofOVGisto_______.A.carryoutclinicaltrialsB.producevaccinesagainstvirusesC.learnmoreabouttheimmunesystemD.studythe

occurrenceofinfectiousdiseases33.YoucanfinishtheexperimentonyourhomePCifyoujoin__________.A.OxfordVaccine

GroupB.InsomniaresearchgroupC.OxfordExperimentallabD.BrainScanningstudygroupBTHEOLDFISHERMANOurhousewasdirectlyacrossapopularhospital.Weren

tedtheupstairsroomstooutpatientsattheclinic.Onesummerevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulyawfullookingman,hisfacelop

sidedfromswelling,redandraw.Hetoldmehe’dbeenhuntingforaroomsincenoonbuthehadnosuccess.―Iguessit’smyface.Iknowitlooks

terrible,butmydoctorsayswithafewmoretreatments…‖ForamomentIhesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:―Icouldsleepinthisrockingchairontheporch.

Mybusleavesearlyinthemorning.‖Itoldhimwewouldfindhimabed,buttorestontheporch.Itdidn’ttakealongtimetoseethatthisoldmanhadanoversizedheartc

rowdedintothattinybody.Hetoldmehefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,herfivechildren,andherhusband,whowashopelesslycrippledfromaback

injury.Hedidn’ttellitbywayofcomplaint.Hewasgratefulthatnopainaccompaniedhisdisease.Atbedtime,weputacampcotinthec

hildren’sroomforhim.WhenIgotupinthemorning,thebedlinenswereneatlyfoldedandthelittlemanwasoutontheporch.Beforeheleftforhisbus,haltin

gly,hesaid,―CouldIpleasecomebackandstaythenexttimeIhaveatreatment?Icansleepfineinachair.‖Hepausedamomentandthenadde

d,―Yourchildrenmademefeelathome.Grownupsarebotheredbymyface,butchildrendon’tseemtomind.‖Itoldhimhewaswelcometocomeagain.Intheye

arshecametostayovernightwithus.Therewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusfishoroystersorvegetablesfromhisgarden.WhenIreceivedtheselittleremembrances,Ioft

enthoughtofacommentournext-doorneighbormadeafterheleftthatfirstmorning.―Youcanloseroomersbyputtingupsuchpeople!‖Maybewe

didloseroomersonceortwice.Butoh!Ifonlytheycouldhaveknownhim,perhapstheirillnesseswouldhavebeeneasiertobear

.Iknowourfamilyalwayswillbegratefultohaveknownhim;fromhimwelearnedwhatitwastoacceptthebadwithoutcomplaintandthegoodwi

thgratitude.34.Whentheoldfishermanstayedovernight,theauthor’schildren________________.A.werebotheredB.wereterrifiedC.feltnormalD.feltathome35.W

hichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthefisherman?A.Heisbothtallandstrong.B.Hehasfivegrandchildren.

C.Heispessimisticaboutlife.D.Hesuffersfromabackinjury.36.Theoldfishermangavetheauthorfishesandoystersbecausehe________.A.wantedtheaut

hortobuythem.B.wantedtopaytherentwiththem.C.hadfishedtoomanyfishesandoysters.D.wantedtoshowhisthankfulnesstotheauthor

.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.B.Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks.C.Staypositive,staygrateful.D.Honest

yisthebestpolicy.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestil

lusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldo

penupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAv

ivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheir

stemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichthe

teamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantth

atsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactac

cordingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantste

mswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfew

erthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstraineda

machine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,

correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobac

coappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould―openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionag

riculture‖,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.―Thesuggestiont

hatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordi

nginafieldsituation,‖saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suc

hassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothso

ranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推测的）fornow,shesays.38.Theexperimentbyresearchersa

tTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A.tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB.water-hungrytomatoplantsaremorese

nsiblethantobaccoplantsC.unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD.plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves39.Whatis

AnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?A.AppreciativeB.DoubtfulC.CautiousD.Optimistic40.Itcanbel

earntfromtheresearchthat________.A.greenhouseeffectscanbeavoidedB.soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C.plantconditioncanbed

iagnosedfaster.D.insectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.41.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.PlantsGetStressed

JustLikeUsB.PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC.SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD.SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDThefirstpatientwhodiedonmywatchwasanol

dermanwithafaultyheart—themainpumphadfailedandhisheartwasbeatingirregularlyandfartoofast.Wetriedtoslowitdownwithtreatm

ent,butitsuddenlystoppedbeatingcompletely.Later,wheneverIwouldhaveacaselikethatone,Ifoundmyselfsecond-guessingmyclinicalmanagement.Howev

er,itturnsoutthatthinkingtwicemayactuallycausemoreharmthangood.Inaworkingpaper,EmoryUniversityresearchersfoundthatwhendoctorsdeliveringababyhavea

nadverseoutcome,theyaremorelikelytoswitchtoadifferentdeliverymethodwiththenextpatient,oftenunnecessarilyandsome

timeswithworseresults.Becausedoctorsmakesomanydecisionsthathaveseriousconsequences,thefalloutfromsecond-guessinglo

omsespeciallylargeforus.A2006studyfoundthatifapatienthadableedafterbeingprescribedwarfarin,thephysicianwasabout20%lesslikelytoprescribesubsequent

patientsthebloodthinnerthatpreventsstrokes.However,ifapatienthadastrokeandwasnotonwarfarin,physicianswerestillnomorelikelytoprescribewarfarintothei

rotherpatients.Thesefindingshighlightinterestingbehavioralpatternsindoctors.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doct

orsweremoreaffectedbytheactofdoingharm(prescribingabloodthinnerthatendeduphurtingapatient)andlessaffectedbylettingharmhappen(notprescribingabloodthin

nerandthepatienthavingastroke).Yetastrokeisoftenmorepermanentanddamagingthanableed.Butthisphenomenonisnotuniquetomedicine.―Overre

actiontoFearsomeRisks‖holdstrueforbroadersociety.Forinstance,sensationalheadlinesaboutsharkattacksonhumansinFlor

idain2001causedapanicandledthestatetoprohibitshark-feedingexpeditions.Yetsharkattackshadactuallyfallenthat

yearand,accordingtothestudy,suchachangewasprobablyunnecessarygiventheextremelysmallriskofsuchanattackhappening.Humansaresusceptibletoemot

ionalandoftenirrationalthinkingwhenprocessinginformation,adverseeventsandmistakes.Asmuchaswedon’twanttocauseanunfortunateeventtor

ecur—inamedicalsettingorinthewiderworld—weneedtobeawarethataworst-casescenariodoesn’tnecessarilymeanwedidany

thingwrong.Whenweoverthink,wefailtorelyonthinkingbasedonwhatweknoworhaveexperienced.Instead,wemayinadvertentlyoveranalyzeandcometothewrongconclu

sion.Ihavetreateddozensofpatientswhopresentedwiththesameillnessesasmyfirstpatient,whodiedmorethanayearago

.Insteadofsecond-guessingmyself,Itrustedmyclinicalinstinctandstayedthecourse.Everyoneofthosepatients

survived.Youshouldtrustyourinstinctinyourlife,too.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat______?A.Badmedicaloutcomesaffectdoctors

.B.Deliveringbabiescanbedifficultwork.C.Somedoctorsarenotveryexperienced.D.Doctorssometimesmakesillymistake

s.43.Intheblood-thinnerstudy,doctors______.A.tendtoprescribelesseffectivemedicineB.aremoreconcernedaboutthepatients’safetyC.beli

eveastrokeismoretreatablethanableedingD.becomelessconfidentinwritingcertainprescriptions44.Theauthordevelopshisideamainlyby______.A.

givingexamplesB.makingcomparisonsC.usingmetaphorsD.quotingfamoussayings45.Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat______.A.weshouldn’tdoubtourowndec

isionsB.ourexperiencewillpavewayforourfutureC.humansareemotionalandirrationalonthewholeD.instinctsdon’t

necessarilyleadtowrongdirections第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。OptimismBias(偏见)Whileweof

tenliketothinkofourselvesashighlyrationalandlogical,researchershavefoundthatthehumanbrainissometimes

toooptimisticforitsowngood.Ifyouwereaskedtoestimatehowlikelyyouaretoexperienceillness,jobloss,oranaccident,youar

elikelytounderestimatetheprobabilitythatsucheventswilleverimpactyourlife.46Thisbiasleadsustobelieveth

atwearelesslikelytosufferfrommisfortuneandmorelikelytoattainsuccessthanrealitywouldsuggest.Webelievethatwewillliv

elonger,andthatwewillbemoresuccessfulinlifethantheaverage.47Theoptimismbiasisessentiallyamistakenbeliefthatou

rchancesofexperiencingnegativeeventsarelowerandourchancesofexperiencingpositiveeventsarehigherthanthoseofourpeer

s.Andthisoverlypositiveassumptiondoesn’tmeanthatwehaveanoverlysunnyoutlookonourownlives.48Peoplemightskiptheiryearlyphysical,notw

eartheirseatbelt,orfailtoputonsunscreenbecausetheymistakenlybelievethattheyarelesslikelytogetsick,getinanaccident,orgetskincan

cer.CognitiveneuroscientistTaliSharot,authorofTheOptimismBias:ATouroftheIrrationallyPositiveBrain,notesth

atthisbiasiswidespreadandcanbeseeninculturesallovertheworld.Sharotalsosuggeststhatwhilethisoptimismbiascanattimesleadtonegativeoutcomes

likefoolishlyengaginginriskybehaviorsormakingpoorchoicesaboutyourhealth,itcanalsohaveitsbenefits.49Ifweexp

ectgoodthingstohappen,wearemorelikelytobehappy.Thisoptimismcanactasaself-fulfillingprophecy.Bybelievingthatwewillbesuccessful,peopleareinfactmorel

ikelytobesuccessful.50Afterall,ifwedidn’tbelievethatwecouldachievesuccess,whywouldweevenbothertrying?Optimi

stsarealsomorelikelytotakemeasurestoprotecttheirhealthsuchasexercising,takingvitamins,andfollowinganutritiousdiet.A.

Optimismalsomotivatesustopursueourgoals.B.Butwearealsohighlymotivatedtobesooptimistic.C.Butdefinitelynoteveryoneisblessedwithsuchluck

.D.Thisisbecauseyourbrainhasabuilt-inoptimismbias.E.Itcanalsoleadtopoordecision-making,whichcansometimes

havedisastrousresults.F.Thisoptimismenhanceswell-beingbycreatingasenseofanticipationaboutthefuture.G.Variouscausesmayleadtotheoptimisticb

ias,includingcognitiveandmotivationalfactors.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）假如你是高三（1）班班长李华，请你给曾经在你们班交换学习的英国同学Jim写信，让他录制一段视频为同学们加油，在考前班会上

播放。邮件内容包括：1.此次班会的目的；2.对视频的要求（时长，内容......）。注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua第二节（20分）探访北京

老字号商铺，了解老字号时代变迁,见证传统工艺与现代创意的结合(exploretime-honoredbusinessesinBeijing;followthebusinesses’evolutionandwitnessthecom

binationoftraditionalcraftsmanshipandmoderndesigns)图一：看到“北京印迹•北京老字号探访”活动介绍，积极报名图二：在大栅栏地区参观老字号商铺，听历史文化研究者讲解老字号的历史（传统）图三：参

观内联升鞋店，感受传统工艺与现代创意的结合（现代）图四：撰写报告，抒发感想答案一、语法填空1.thankful2.surviving3.what4.belief5.where6.hasfound7.better8.without9.But10.beedited二、完形填空11.A12.B13.C1

4.D15.D16.B17.D18.A19.A20.B21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.C30.A三、阅读理解31.D32.B33.C;34.C35.B36.D37.A38.B39.C40.C41.B4

2.A43.D44.A45.D46.D47.C48.E49.F50.A欢迎访问―高中试卷网