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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018桂林全程模拟)SomepeoplesayglobalEnglishisnolongerjustcontrolledbyBritishorAmericanEnglish

,butisrunningfreeanddevelopinguniquelocalforms.Canyoufigureoutthefollowingterms?“Ilikeyoursmile,butunl

ikeyouputyourshoesonmyface.”Thisisawayofsaying“Keepoffthegrass.”Or“peoplemountain,peoplesea”,whichmeans“ve

rycrowded”.TheseexamplesarewhatwecallChinglish.WhenitcomestoChinglish,ifallyouknowis“goodgoodstudy,daydayup”,youwillbeconsidered“outman”.Nowadays,

moreChinglishwordshavebeencreated,forexample,aChineseidiomistranslatedas“smilence”,acombinationoftheEn

glishwordssmileandsilence.ChinglishusuallyoffersahumorouslookatthemisuseoftheEnglishlanguageinChinesestreetsigns,products,andadve

rtising.TheyarefavoredbysomeEnglish-speakingtouristsandvisitors.DominicSwirehasbeenlivinginBeijingforacoupleo

fyears.Hesaid,“IthinkmanyChinesepeoplecomplainabouttheChinglishandbadlytranslatedEnglish.Butyouknow,

sometimesforusforeigners,it’sactuallyquitecharmingtoseethem.IthinkifthetranslationsofEnglishinChinawereallperfect,thensomething

wouldbelostfromtheChineseculture.”However,Chinglishwillprobablybecomea“culturalrelic”inthenearfuture.Beijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimp

roveforeignlanguageservicesandeliminate(消除)Chinglishwithinfiveyears.“ItisveryridiculoustoseeChinglishonthesignsinsomescenicspo

ts.AndtheyareakindofbarriersforcommunicationbetweenChineseandpeoplefromothercountries,”aBeijingersaid.SomeChineseuniversityexpertsside

withChinglish.TheyarguethatEnglishhasabsorbedelementsfromotherlanguagessuchasFrenchandSpanishinitsgrowth,andnowit’sCh

inese’sturn.1.WhatcanwecallChinglish?A.TheEnglishwordswhichgetnewChinesemeanings.B.TheChinesewordswhicharediffic

ulttotranslate.C.ThewordscombiningEnglishvocabularyandChinesegrammar.D.ThelocalwordspreventingforeignerstolearnChinesewell.2.Whowill

becalled“outman”accordingtothepassage?A.ApersonwhoknowslittleaboutChinglishwords.B.Astudentwhohateslearningforeignlanguages.C.Atouristwhofailst

ounderstandlocaltranslations.D.Anexpertwhodoesn’tsupportChinglishatall.3.WhatisSwire’sattitudetoChinglish?A.ItcanshowthehumorofChinese.B.Itwillattrac

tmoreforeigntourists.C.IthelpshimtolearnChinesewell.D.ItseemspartofChineseculture.4.Chinglishislikelyto

becomea“culturalrelic”inBeijingbecause.A.ithasbecomeauniquebridgebetweenChineseandEnglishB.ChinglishisachancetoenrichChineseandEnglishC.itimprovesthe

understandingbetweenChineseandforeignersD.BeijingisdeterminedtogetridofChinglish语篇解读:本文介绍了“中式英语”的特征及发展状

况和趋势。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据文中第二段列举的例子可推知,将英语词汇和汉语语法结合起来的表达方式就叫做中式英语。故选C。2.A细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句可知,如果你只知道“goodgoodstudy,daydayup”这一句中式英语的话,你就跟

不上时代了,故选A。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第五段中Swire的观点可以判断出,现在对于外国人来说,中式英语很吸引人,它已成为中国文化的一部分了。故选D。4.D细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Beijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeign

languageservicesandeliminateChinglishwithinfiveyears.”可以判断出,北京已经开始计划在五年之内清除中式英语。故选D。B(2018南通、扬州、泰州、徐州高三三模)Symboliccommunicationinthefo

rmoflanguageunderliesouruniqueabilitytoreason—ortheconventionalwisdomholdsso.AnewstudypublishedinScience,though,suggestsourcapacity

toreasonlogicallymaynotactuallydependonlanguage,atleastnotfully.Thefindingsshowbabiesstilltooyoungtospeakcanreasonandmakereaso

nabledeductions.Theauthors—ateamfromseveralEuropeaninstitutions—studiedinfants(婴儿)aged12and19months,whenlanguagelearningandspeechproductionhasjustbeg

unbutbeforecomplexmasteryhasbeenachieved.Thechildrenhadtoinspectdistinctobjectsrepeatedly—suchasadinosaurandaflower.Theitemswereinitiall

yhiddenbehindablackwall.Inonesetofexperimentstheanimation(动漫)wouldshowacupscoopingup(舀出)thedinosaur.Halfof

thetime,thebarrierwouldthenberemovedtoreveal,asexpected,theremainingflower.Intherestoftheinstances,though,thewallwoulddisappearandaseconddinosaurwo

uldbethere.Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurrencesthatsomethingwasnotquiteright,eventhoughtheywereunabletoexpressinwordswhatwaswrong,Eye-t

racking—acommonlyusedtechniquetojudgementalabilitiesinpreverbal(语前的)childrenandapes—showedinfantsstaredsignificantlylongeratsceneswheretheunexpectedo

bjectappearedbehindthebarrier,suggestingtheywereconfusedbythereveal.“Ourresultsindicatethattheacquisitionoflogicalvocabula

rymightnotbethesourceofthemostfundamentallogicalbuildingblocksinthemind,”saysleadstudyauthorNicolóCesana-Arlotti.Amaj

orcomponentofhumanlogic,henotes,relatestothinkingaboutalternativepossibilitiesandeliminatinginconsistentones:Doesthedinosa

ursitbehindthebarrierordoestheflower?Inaformallogicthisiscalledadisjunctivesyllogism(析取三段论):AorB;notifA,thereforeB.C

esana-Arlottiacknowledgeshisfindingsdonotdenytheimportanceoflanguageandsymboliccommunicationtohumanbraindevelopment,andtoo

urevolutionarybackstory.Yetthenewresearchsuggeststhatperhapsitisnotentirelynecessarytoshapethebrain’slogicalreasoningcapacitie

s.Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogicbeforethedevelopmentoflanguagemightstilldifferfromreasoningabilitiesthatapp

earoncelanguagecomesalong,aslanguagemayopenadditionalreasoningabilitiesunavailabletothespeechlessbrain.“Toou

rknowledge,nobodyhaseverdirectlydocumentedlogicalreasoningin12-month-oldinfantsbefore,”headds.5.Wecanlearnfromthenewstudypublishedin

Sciencethat.A.theabilitytoreasonlogicallyisuniquetohumansB.babiesaretooyoungtomakereasonabledeductionsC.lan

guageisnotarequirementforsomebasicreasoningD.thenewfindingscorrespondwiththeconventionalideas6.Theresearchersdrawtheconclusionfromthefactthat.A

.theinfantswereawareofillogicaloutcomesB.theinfantsinspecteddistinctobjectsoverandagainC.theinfantsw

ereverysensitivetotheremovalofthebarrierD.theinfantsshowedinterestintheappearanceofthedinosaur7.Theunderlinedword“eliminating”inParagraph3probablym

eans“”.A.resistingB.removingC.expandingD.exploring8.Accordingtothetext,whatwillCesana-Arlottistudyfurther?A.Thementaldevelopment

ofbabies.B.Theinitialstateoflogicinthemind.C.Distinctionsbetweenverbalandpreverballogic.D.Additionalrea

soningabilitiesofthespeechlessbrain.语篇解读:本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明我们的逻辑推理能力事实上可能不依赖语言,至少不完全依赖语言。还不会说话的婴儿也能够思考并进行合理的推理。答案及剖析:5.

C细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewstudypublishedinScience...atleastnotfully”可知,语言不是一些基础推理的必要条件。6.A推理判断题。根据第三段“Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurre

nces...whatwaswrong.”可知孩子们可推断出有些地方不大对劲,即使他们无法用语言来表达,故推出婴儿意识到一些不合逻辑的结果符合题意。7.B词义猜测题。根据第三段“Inaformallogicthisisca

lledadisjunctivesyllogism(析取三段论):AorB;notifA,thereforeB.”可知,在正式的逻辑思维中这叫作析取三段论:A或B;非A则B,由此可知,这种思维是考虑选择的可能性然后去除不相符的内容,remove“移动,去除”符合题意。8.C细节理解题。

根据第四段“Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogic...thespeechlessbrain.”可知,切赛纳·阿尔罗捷将会进一步研究语言逻辑和语前逻辑之间的差别。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考原创押题预测卷)LizMurray,anAmericangirl,isi

nherearlytwenties.Sinceshewasborn,she1.(write)areal-lifestoryofwillpoweranddetermination.Lizgrewupintheshadow2.twodrug-addictedparents.Hermothe

rdied3.Lizwasjust15yearsold.Theeffectofthatlossbecameaturningpointinherlife.Connectingtheenvironmentin4.shehadgrownupwithhowhermotherhadd

ied,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Lizwentbacktoschoolandthrewherselfintoher5.(study).Atnight,shelivedonthestreets

.“Whatdrovemetoliveonhadsomething6.(do)withunderstanding.Byunderstandingthattherewasawholeotherwayof7.(live),Ihadonlyexperienceda

smallpartofsociety,”shewroteinherbookBreakingNight.Sheusedthebenefitsthatcome8.(easy)toothers,suchasasafelivingenvironment,toe

ncourage9.(she)that“nexttonothingcouldholdmedown”.ShefinishedhighschoolinjusttwoyearsandwonafullscholarshiptostudyatHarv

ardUniversity.ButLizdecidedtoleavehertopuniversityacoupleofmonths10.(early)thisyearinordertotakecareofhe

rfather,whohasdevelopedlungcancer.答案及剖析:1.hasbeenwriting考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句对应的主句通常用现在完成时,“自出生以来,她一直在书写一个真实生活中的意志力和决心的故

事”,表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且还在继续,应用现在完成进行时。所以本空的答案为hasbeenwriting。2.of考查介词。intheshadowof意思是“在„„的阴影中”,本句的意思是“Liz生活在两个对毒品上瘾的父

母的阴影中”,所以正确答案为of。3.when考查连词。在她只有十五岁的时候她的妈妈去世了,此处表示“当„„的时候”,所以要用连词when。4.which考查关系代词。这里的which指代前面的theenvironment,和前面的介词in构成“介词

+关系代词”,相当于where,用来引导定语从句,意思是“在她成长的环境中”。所以此空填which。5.studies考查名词复数的用法。母亲去世后,她回到学校,让自己投入到“学业”中。表示各门功课的学习,应该用复

数形式,故填studies。6.todo考查非谓语动词。havesomethingtodowith是固定搭配,意思是“与某事有关系”,所以此处填todo。7.living考查非谓语动词。完全不同的“生活”方式,live前面是介词of,of

后面要用动名词形式,故填living。8.easily考查副词。come是动词,后面要用副词来修饰,easy是形容词,它的副词形式为easily,所以填easily。9.herself考查代词。前面有动词encourage,所以后面的she应该变成相应的形式

来作宾语,她鼓励自己,所以填herself。10.earlier考查副词比较级。今年她决定早离校几个月,因为她要照顾患癌症的父亲,所以要用比较级形式,故填earlier。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考原创押题预测卷)Asweallknow,friendshipplaysaimportantpart

inourlife.Ifwehaveclosefriend,wecannotonlysharehappinesswiththembutalsogetsupportandencouragementfromthem,whi

chcanmakeusliveamuchmorehappierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeoplemisunderstoodthemeaningoffriendship.The

ythinkanyonewhohelpthemescapepunishmentisafriend.Inmyopinion,agoodfriendisafriendwhoishonestandwillinglytogiveyouahandwheny

ouintrouble.Butheorsheisalwaystellingyouthetruthandiswillingtohelpyoucorrectmistakes.Beside,Ithinkwemustr

espectourfriendsandtreatthemwiththewaywewanttobetreated.答案:Asweallknow,friendshipplaysimportantpartinourlife.Ifwehaveclose,we

cannotonlysharehappinesswiththembutalsogetsupportandencouragementfromthem,whichcanmakeusliveamuchmorehapp

ierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeoplethemeaningoffriendship.Theythinkanyonewhothemescapepunishmentisafriend.Inmyopinion,agoo

dfriendisafriendwhoishonestandtogiveyouahandwhenyouintrouble.heorsheisalwaystellingyouthetruthandiswillingtohelpyoucorrectmistakes.,Ithinkwemus

trespectourfriendsandtreatthemthewaywewanttobetreated.剖析:考查冠词。important是元音音素开头的单词,前应用an。考查名词。根据下文them知道friend用

复数。考查形容词比较级。happier是比较级,前不能再加more。考查动词时态。根据上下文可知应用一般现在时。考查主谓一致。anyone作主语时谓语用第三人称单数。考查形容词。作表语应用形容词。考查系动词。句子缺少谓语动词,在you后加动词are。beintrouble处于困境。考查连词

。两个句子之间是并列关系,不是转折关系。考查副词。此处应为“除此之外”,改为Besides。考查介词。用某种方式应用in。