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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018桂林全程模拟)SomepeoplesayglobalEnglishisnolongerjustcontrolledbyBritishorAmericanEnglish,butisrunningfreeanddevelopingu

niquelocalforms.Canyoufigureoutthefollowingterms?“Ilikeyoursmile,butunlikeyouputyourshoesonmyface.”Thisisawayofsaying“Keepoffthegrass.”Or“peo

plemountain,peoplesea”,whichmeans“verycrowded”.TheseexamplesarewhatwecallChinglish.WhenitcomestoChinglish,ifall

youknowis“goodgoodstudy,daydayup”,youwillbeconsidered“outman”.Nowadays,moreChinglishwordshavebeencreated,forex

ample,aChineseidiomistranslatedas“smilence”,acombinationoftheEnglishwordssmileandsilence.Chinglishusuallyoffersahumorous

lookatthemisuseoftheEnglishlanguageinChinesestreetsigns,products,andadvertising.TheyarefavoredbysomeEng

lish-speakingtouristsandvisitors.DominicSwirehasbeenlivinginBeijingforacoupleofyears.Hesaid,“Ithinkma

nyChinesepeoplecomplainabouttheChinglishandbadlytranslatedEnglish.Butyouknow,sometimesforusforeigners,it’sa

ctuallyquitecharmingtoseethem.IthinkifthetranslationsofEnglishinChinawereallperfect,thensomethingwouldbelostfromtheChinesecult

ure.”However,Chinglishwillprobablybecomea“culturalrelic”inthenearfuture.Beijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandeliminate

(消除)Chinglishwithinfiveyears.“ItisveryridiculoustoseeChinglishonthesignsinsomescenicspots.Andtheyareakin

dofbarriersforcommunicationbetweenChineseandpeoplefromothercountries,”aBeijingersaid.SomeChineseuniversityexpertssidewithChin

glish.TheyarguethatEnglishhasabsorbedelementsfromotherlanguagessuchasFrenchandSpanishinitsgrowth,and

nowit’sChinese’sturn.1.WhatcanwecallChinglish?A.TheEnglishwordswhichgetnewChinesemeanings.B.TheChinesewordswhicharedifficulttotranslate.

C.ThewordscombiningEnglishvocabularyandChinesegrammar.D.ThelocalwordspreventingforeignerstolearnChinesewell.2.Whowill

becalled“outman”accordingtothepassage?A.ApersonwhoknowslittleaboutChinglishwords.B.Astudentwhohateslearningforeignlanguages.C.Atourist

whofailstounderstandlocaltranslations.D.Anexpertwhodoesn’tsupportChinglishatall.3.WhatisSwire’sattitudetoChinglish?A.ItcanshowthehumorofChine

se.B.Itwillattractmoreforeigntourists.C.IthelpshimtolearnChinesewell.D.ItseemspartofChineseculture.4.Chin

glishislikelytobecomea“culturalrelic”inBeijingbecause.A.ithasbecomeauniquebridgebetweenChineseandEnglishB.Chinglishisach

ancetoenrichChineseandEnglishC.itimprovestheunderstandingbetweenChineseandforeignersD.Beijingisdeterminedtogetridof

Chinglish语篇解读:本文介绍了“中式英语”的特征及发展状况和趋势。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据文中第二段列举的例子可推知,将英语词汇和汉语语法结合起来的表达方式就叫做中式英语。故选C。2.A细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句可知,如果你只知道“goodgoodstudy,dayday

up”这一句中式英语的话,你就跟不上时代了,故选A。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第五段中Swire的观点可以判断出,现在对于外国人来说,中式英语很吸引人,它已成为中国文化的一部分了。故选D。4.D细节理解题。根据文章第六段

中的“BeijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandeliminateChinglishwithinfiveyears.”

可以判断出,北京已经开始计划在五年之内清除中式英语。故选D。B(2018南通、扬州、泰州、徐州高三三模)Symboliccommunicationintheformoflanguageunderliesouruniqueabilitytoreaso

n—ortheconventionalwisdomholdsso.AnewstudypublishedinScience,though,suggestsourcapacitytoreasonlogicallymaynotactuallydependonlanguage,atleastno

tfully.Thefindingsshowbabiesstilltooyoungtospeakcanreasonandmakereasonabledeductions.Theauthors—ateamfromse

veralEuropeaninstitutions—studiedinfants(婴儿)aged12and19months,whenlanguagelearningandspeechproductionhasjustbegunbutb

eforecomplexmasteryhasbeenachieved.Thechildrenhadtoinspectdistinctobjectsrepeatedly—suchasadinosaurandaflower.Theitemswereinitiallyhiddenbehindablac

kwall.Inonesetofexperimentstheanimation(动漫)wouldshowacupscoopingup(舀出)thedinosaur.Halfofthetime,thebarrierwouldthenberemovedtorev

eal,asexpected,theremainingflower.Intherestoftheinstances,though,thewallwoulddisappearandaseconddinosaurwouldbeth

ere.Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurrencesthatsomethingwasnotquiteright,eventhoughtheywereunabletoex

pressinwordswhatwaswrong,Eye-tracking—acommonlyusedtechniquetojudgementalabilitiesinpreverbal(语前的)children

andapes—showedinfantsstaredsignificantlylongeratsceneswheretheunexpectedobjectappearedbehindthebarrier,suggestingtheywereconfusedbythere

veal.“Ourresultsindicatethattheacquisitionoflogicalvocabularymightnotbethesourceofthemostfundamentall

ogicalbuildingblocksinthemind,”saysleadstudyauthorNicolóCesana-Arlotti.Amajorcomponentofhumanlogic,henotes,relate

stothinkingaboutalternativepossibilitiesandeliminatinginconsistentones:Doesthedinosaursitbehindthebarrierordoestheflower?Inaformallogicthis

iscalledadisjunctivesyllogism(析取三段论):AorB;notifA,thereforeB.Cesana-Arlottiacknowledgeshisfindingsdonotdenytheimporta

nceoflanguageandsymboliccommunicationtohumanbraindevelopment,andtoourevolutionarybackstory.Yetthenewresearchsuggeststhatperhapsitisnotent

irelynecessarytoshapethebrain’slogicalreasoningcapacities.Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogicbeforethede

velopmentoflanguagemightstilldifferfromreasoningabilitiesthatappearoncelanguagecomesalong,aslanguagemayopenadditionalreasoningabilitiesunavailabl

etothespeechlessbrain.“Toourknowledge,nobodyhaseverdirectlydocumentedlogicalreasoningin12-month-oldinfantsbefo

re,”headds.5.WecanlearnfromthenewstudypublishedinSciencethat.A.theabilitytoreasonlogicallyisuniquetohumansB.babiesaretooyoungtomakereasonab

ledeductionsC.languageisnotarequirementforsomebasicreasoningD.thenewfindingscorrespondwiththeconventionalideas6.Theresearchersd

rawtheconclusionfromthefactthat.A.theinfantswereawareofillogicaloutcomesB.theinfantsinspecteddistinctobjectsoverandagainC.theinfantswerev

erysensitivetotheremovalofthebarrierD.theinfantsshowedinterestintheappearanceofthedinosaur7.Theunderlinedword“elimin

ating”inParagraph3probablymeans“”.A.resistingB.removingC.expandingD.exploring8.Accordingtothetext,wha

twillCesana-Arlottistudyfurther?A.Thementaldevelopmentofbabies.B.Theinitialstateoflogicinthemind.C.Distinctionsbetwe

enverbalandpreverballogic.D.Additionalreasoningabilitiesofthespeechlessbrain.语篇解读:本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明我们的逻辑推理能力事实上可能不依赖语言,至少不完全依赖语言。还不会说话的婴儿也能够思考并进行合理的推理

。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewstudypublishedinScience...atleastnotfully”可知,语言不是一些基础推理的必要条件。6.A推理判断题。根据第三段“Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurren

ces...whatwaswrong.”可知孩子们可推断出有些地方不大对劲,即使他们无法用语言来表达,故推出婴儿意识到一些不合逻辑的结果符合题意。7.B词义猜测题。根据第三段“Inaformallogicthisiscalledadisju

nctivesyllogism(析取三段论):AorB;notifA,thereforeB.”可知,在正式的逻辑思维中这叫作析取三段论:A或B;非A则B,由此可知,这种思维是考虑选择的可能性然后去除不相符的内容

,remove“移动,去除”符合题意。8.C细节理解题。根据第四段“Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogic...thespeechlessbrain.”可知,切赛纳·阿尔罗捷将会

进一步研究语言逻辑和语前逻辑之间的差别。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考原创押题预测卷)LizMurray,anAmericangirl,isinherearlytwenties.Sinceshewasborn,she1.

(write)areal-lifestoryofwillpoweranddetermination.Lizgrewupintheshadow2.twodrug-addictedparents.Hermotherdied3.Lizwas

just15yearsold.Theeffectofthatlossbecameaturningpointinherlife.Connectingtheenvironmentin4.shehadgrownupwithhowhermotherhaddied,shedecidedtodos

omethingaboutit.Lizwentbacktoschoolandthrewherselfintoher5.(study).Atnight,shelivedonthestreets.“Whatdrove

metoliveonhadsomething6.(do)withunderstanding.Byunderstandingthattherewasawholeotherwayof7.(live),Ihadonlyexperiencedasmallpartofsociety,”shewrote

inherbookBreakingNight.Sheusedthebenefitsthatcome8.(easy)toothers,suchasasafelivingenvironment,toencourage9.(sh

e)that“nexttonothingcouldholdmedown”.ShefinishedhighschoolinjusttwoyearsandwonafullscholarshiptostudyatHarvardUniversity.ButLizdec

idedtoleavehertopuniversityacoupleofmonths10.(early)thisyearinordertotakecareofherfather,whohasdevelopedlungcancer.答案及剖析:1.hasbeenwriting考查动

词时态。since引导的时间状语从句对应的主句通常用现在完成时,“自出生以来,她一直在书写一个真实生活中的意志力和决心的故事”,表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且还在继续,应用现在完成进行时。所以本空

的答案为hasbeenwriting。2.of考查介词。intheshadowof意思是“在„„的阴影中”,本句的意思是“Liz生活在两个对毒品上瘾的父母的阴影中”,所以正确答案为of。3.when考查

连词。在她只有十五岁的时候她的妈妈去世了,此处表示“当„„的时候”,所以要用连词when。4.which考查关系代词。这里的which指代前面的theenvironment,和前面的介词in构成“介词+关系代词”,相当于where,用来引导定语从句,意思是“在她成长

的环境中”。所以此空填which。5.studies考查名词复数的用法。母亲去世后,她回到学校,让自己投入到“学业”中。表示各门功课的学习,应该用复数形式,故填studies。6.todo考查非谓语动词。havesomethingtodowith是固定搭配,意思是“与某事有关系”,所以

此处填todo。7.living考查非谓语动词。完全不同的“生活”方式,live前面是介词of,of后面要用动名词形式,故填living。8.easily考查副词。come是动词,后面要用副词来修饰,easy是形容词,它的副词形式为easily,所以填ea

sily。9.herself考查代词。前面有动词encourage,所以后面的she应该变成相应的形式来作宾语,她鼓励自己,所以填herself。10.earlier考查副词比较级。今年她决定早离校几个月,因为她要照顾患癌症

的父亲,所以要用比较级形式,故填earlier。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考原创押题预测卷)Asweallknow,friendshipplaysaimportantpartinourlife.Ifwehaveclosefriend,wecannotonlyshare

happinesswiththembutalsogetsupportandencouragementfromthem,whichcanmakeusliveamuchmorehappierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeopl

emisunderstoodthemeaningoffriendship.Theythinkanyonewhohelpthemescapepunishmentisafriend.Inmyopinion,agoodfriendisafriendwhoishonesta

ndwillinglytogiveyouahandwhenyouintrouble.Butheorsheisalwaystellingyouthetruthandiswillingtohelpyoucorrectm

istakes.Beside,Ithinkwemustrespectourfriendsandtreatthemwiththewaywewanttobetreated.答案:Asweallknow,fri

endshipplaysimportantpartinourlife.Ifwehaveclose,wecannotonlysharehappinesswiththembutalsogetsupportandencouragementfromthem,whichcanmakeusliveamu

chmorehappierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeoplethemeaningoffriendship.Theythinkanyonewhothemescapepunishmentisafr

iend.Inmyopinion,agoodfriendisafriendwhoishonestandtogiveyouahandwhenyouintrouble.heorsheisalwaystellingyouthetrut

handiswillingtohelpyoucorrectmistakes.,Ithinkwemustrespectourfriendsandtreatthemthewaywewanttobetreated.剖析:考查冠词。important是元音音素开头的单词,前应用an。考查

名词。根据下文them知道friend用复数。考查形容词比较级。happier是比较级,前不能再加more。考查动词时态。根据上下文可知应用一般现在时。考查主谓一致。anyone作主语时谓语用第三人称单数。考查形容词。作表语应用形容词。考查系动词。句子缺少谓语动词,在you后加动词are。bein

trouble处于困境。考查连词。两个句子之间是并列关系,不是转折关系。考查副词。此处应为“除此之外”,改为Besides。考查介词。用某种方式应用in。