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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018桂林全程模拟)SomepeoplesayglobalEnglishisnolongerjustcontrolledbyBritishorAmericanEnglish

,butisrunningfreeanddevelopinguniquelocalforms.Canyoufigureoutthefollowingterms?“Ilikeyoursmile,butun

likeyouputyourshoesonmyface.”Thisisawayofsaying“Keepoffthegrass.”Or“peoplemountain,peoplesea”,whichmeans“verycrowded”.Theseexamples

arewhatwecallChinglish.WhenitcomestoChinglish,ifallyouknowis“goodgoodstudy,daydayup”,youwillbeconsidered“outman”.

Nowadays,moreChinglishwordshavebeencreated,forexample,aChineseidiomistranslatedas“smilence”,acombinationoft

heEnglishwordssmileandsilence.ChinglishusuallyoffersahumorouslookatthemisuseoftheEnglishlanguageinChi

nesestreetsigns,products,andadvertising.TheyarefavoredbysomeEnglish-speakingtouristsandvisitors.DominicSwirehasbeenlivinginBeijingfo

racoupleofyears.Hesaid,“IthinkmanyChinesepeoplecomplainabouttheChinglishandbadlytranslatedEnglish.Butyouknow,sometimesforusforei

gners,it’sactuallyquitecharmingtoseethem.IthinkifthetranslationsofEnglishinChinawereallperfect,thensomethingwouldbelostfromtheChineseculture.”Howeve

r,Chinglishwillprobablybecomea“culturalrelic”inthenearfuture.Beijinghasmadeacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandeliminate

(消除)Chinglishwithinfiveyears.“ItisveryridiculoustoseeChinglishonthesignsinsomescenicspots.Andtheyareakindofbar

riersforcommunicationbetweenChineseandpeoplefromothercountries,”aBeijingersaid.SomeChineseuniversityexpertssidewithChinglish.Theyargu

ethatEnglishhasabsorbedelementsfromotherlanguagessuchasFrenchandSpanishinitsgrowth,andnowit’sChinese’sturn.1.WhatcanwecallChinglish?A.TheEngl

ishwordswhichgetnewChinesemeanings.B.TheChinesewordswhicharedifficulttotranslate.C.ThewordscombiningEnglishvocabularyandChinesegrammar

.D.ThelocalwordspreventingforeignerstolearnChinesewell.2.Whowillbecalled“outman”accordingtothepassage?A.Ape

rsonwhoknowslittleaboutChinglishwords.B.Astudentwhohateslearningforeignlanguages.C.Atouristwhofailstounderstandlocalt

ranslations.D.Anexpertwhodoesn’tsupportChinglishatall.3.WhatisSwire’sattitudetoChinglish?A.ItcanshowthehumorofChi

nese.B.Itwillattractmoreforeigntourists.C.IthelpshimtolearnChinesewell.D.ItseemspartofChineseculture.4.Chinglishislikelyt

obecomea“culturalrelic”inBeijingbecause.A.ithasbecomeauniquebridgebetweenChineseandEnglishB.Chinglis

hisachancetoenrichChineseandEnglishC.itimprovestheunderstandingbetweenChineseandforeignersD.BeijingisdeterminedtogetridofChinglish语篇解读:本文介绍了“中式英语

”的特征及发展状况和趋势。答案及剖析:1.C推理判断题。根据文中第二段列举的例子可推知,将英语词汇和汉语语法结合起来的表达方式就叫做中式英语。故选C。2.A细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句可知,如果你只知道“goodgoodstudy

,daydayup”这一句中式英语的话,你就跟不上时代了,故选A。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第五段中Swire的观点可以判断出,现在对于外国人来说,中式英语很吸引人,它已成为中国文化的一部分了。故选D。4.D细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“Beijinghasma

deacomprehensiveplantoimproveforeignlanguageservicesandeliminateChinglishwithinfiveyears.”可以判断出,北京已经开始

计划在五年之内清除中式英语。故选D。B(2018南通、扬州、泰州、徐州高三三模)Symboliccommunicationintheformoflanguageunderliesouruniqueabilitytoreason—ortheconventionalwisdomholdsso.A

newstudypublishedinScience,though,suggestsourcapacitytoreasonlogicallymaynotactuallydependonlanguage,atleastnotfully.

Thefindingsshowbabiesstilltooyoungtospeakcanreasonandmakereasonabledeductions.Theauthors—ateamfromseveralEuropeaninstitutions

—studiedinfants(婴儿)aged12and19months,whenlanguagelearningandspeechproductionhasjustbegunbutbeforecomplexmaster

yhasbeenachieved.Thechildrenhadtoinspectdistinctobjectsrepeatedly—suchasadinosaurandaflower.Theitemswe

reinitiallyhiddenbehindablackwall.Inonesetofexperimentstheanimation(动漫)wouldshowacupscoopingup(舀出)thedinos

aur.Halfofthetime,thebarrierwouldthenberemovedtoreveal,asexpected,theremainingflower.Intherestoftheinstances,though,thewallwoulddisappear

andaseconddinosaurwouldbethere.Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurrencesthatsomethingwasnotquiteright,eventhoughthe

ywereunabletoexpressinwordswhatwaswrong,Eye-tracking—acommonlyusedtechniquetojudgementalabilitiesinpreverbal(语前的)childrenandapes—showedinfantsstare

dsignificantlylongeratsceneswheretheunexpectedobjectappearedbehindthebarrier,suggestingtheywereconfusedbythereveal.“Ourresultsindicatethatthea

cquisitionoflogicalvocabularymightnotbethesourceofthemostfundamentallogicalbuildingblocksinthemind,”saysleadstudyauthorNicolóCesana-Arlott

i.Amajorcomponentofhumanlogic,henotes,relatestothinkingaboutalternativepossibilitiesandeliminatinginconsistenton

es:Doesthedinosaursitbehindthebarrierordoestheflower?Inaformallogicthisiscalledadisjunctivesyllogism(析取三段论):

AorB;notifA,thereforeB.Cesana-Arlottiacknowledgeshisfindingsdonotdenytheimportanceoflanguageandsymboliccommunicationtohumanbrain

development,andtoourevolutionarybackstory.Yetthenewresearchsuggeststhatperhapsitisnotentirelynecessarytoshapethebrai

n’slogicalreasoningcapacities.Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogicbeforethedevelopmentoflanguagemightstilldifferfromreasoningabilitiesthatappearonc

elanguagecomesalong,aslanguagemayopenadditionalreasoningabilitiesunavailabletothespeechlessbrain.“Toourknowledge,no

bodyhaseverdirectlydocumentedlogicalreasoningin12-month-oldinfantsbefore,”headds.5.WecanlearnfromthenewstudypublishedinSciencethat.A.theabilitytor

easonlogicallyisuniquetohumansB.babiesaretooyoungtomakereasonabledeductionsC.languageisnotarequirementforsomebasicrea

soningD.thenewfindingscorrespondwiththeconventionalideas6.Theresearchersdrawtheconclusionfromthefactthat.A.theinfantswereawareofillogicalou

tcomesB.theinfantsinspecteddistinctobjectsoverandagainC.theinfantswereverysensitivetotheremovalofthebarrierD.theinfantsshowedinterestinthe

appearanceofthedinosaur7.Theunderlinedword“eliminating”inParagraph3probablymeans“”.A.resistingB.removingC.expandingD.exploring8.Accordi

ngtothetext,whatwillCesana-Arlottistudyfurther?A.Thementaldevelopmentofbabies.B.Theinitialstateoflogic

inthemind.C.Distinctionsbetweenverbalandpreverballogic.D.Additionalreasoningabilitiesofthespeechlessbrain.语篇解读:本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明我们的逻辑推理能力事实上可能不依

赖语言,至少不完全依赖语言。还不会说话的婴儿也能够思考并进行合理的推理。答案及剖析:5.C细节理解题。根据第一段“AnewstudypublishedinScience...atleastnotfully

”可知,语言不是一些基础推理的必要条件。6.A推理判断题。根据第三段“Thechildrendeducedintheselatteroccurrences...whatwaswrong.”可知孩子们可推断出有些地方不大对劲,即使他们无法用语言来表达,故推出婴儿意识到一些不合逻辑的结果符

合题意。7.B词义猜测题。根据第三段“Inaformallogicthisiscalledadisjunctivesyllogism(析取三段论):AorB;notifA,thereforeB.”可知,在正式的逻辑思维中这叫作析取三段论

:A或B;非A则B,由此可知,这种思维是考虑选择的可能性然后去除不相符的内容,remove“移动,去除”符合题意。8.C细节理解题。根据第四段“Heplansfurtherworkstudyinghowlogi

c...thespeechlessbrain.”可知,切赛纳·阿尔罗捷将会进一步研究语言逻辑和语前逻辑之间的差别。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考原创押题预测卷)LizMurray,anAmericangirl

,isinherearlytwenties.Sinceshewasborn,she1.(write)areal-lifestoryofwillpoweranddetermination.Lizgrewu

pintheshadow2.twodrug-addictedparents.Hermotherdied3.Lizwasjust15yearsold.Theeffectofthatlossbecameaturningpointinherlife.Connectingtheenvironmentin

4.shehadgrownupwithhowhermotherhaddied,shedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Lizwentbacktoschoolandthrewherselfintoher5.(study).A

tnight,shelivedonthestreets.“Whatdrovemetoliveonhadsomething6.(do)withunderstanding.Byunderstandingthattherewasawholeotherwayof7.(live),Ihadon

lyexperiencedasmallpartofsociety,”shewroteinherbookBreakingNight.Sheusedthebenefitsthatcome8.(easy)toothers,suchasasafelivingenvironm

ent,toencourage9.(she)that“nexttonothingcouldholdmedown”.Shefinishedhighschoolinjusttwoyearsandwonafullscholars

hiptostudyatHarvardUniversity.ButLizdecidedtoleavehertopuniversityacoupleofmonths10.(early)thisyearinordertotakecareofherfather,

whohasdevelopedlungcancer.答案及剖析:1.hasbeenwriting考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句对应的主句通常用现在完成时,“自出生以来,她一直在书写一个真实生活中的

意志力和决心的故事”,表示动作从过去一直延续到现在,并且还在继续,应用现在完成进行时。所以本空的答案为hasbeenwriting。2.of考查介词。intheshadowof意思是“在„„的阴影中”,本句的意思是“Liz生活在两个对毒品上瘾的父母的阴影中”,所以正确答

案为of。3.when考查连词。在她只有十五岁的时候她的妈妈去世了,此处表示“当„„的时候”,所以要用连词when。4.which考查关系代词。这里的which指代前面的theenvironment,和前面的介词in构成“介词+关系代词”,相当于where,用来引导定语从句,意

思是“在她成长的环境中”。所以此空填which。5.studies考查名词复数的用法。母亲去世后,她回到学校,让自己投入到“学业”中。表示各门功课的学习,应该用复数形式,故填studies。6.todo考查非谓语动词。have

somethingtodowith是固定搭配,意思是“与某事有关系”,所以此处填todo。7.living考查非谓语动词。完全不同的“生活”方式,live前面是介词of,of后面要用动名词形式,故填living。8.e

asily考查副词。come是动词,后面要用副词来修饰,easy是形容词,它的副词形式为easily,所以填easily。9.herself考查代词。前面有动词encourage,所以后面的she应该变成相应的形式

来作宾语,她鼓励自己,所以填herself。10.earlier考查副词比较级。今年她决定早离校几个月,因为她要照顾患癌症的父亲,所以要用比较级形式,故填earlier。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考原创押题预测卷)Asweallknow,friendsh

ipplaysaimportantpartinourlife.Ifwehaveclosefriend,wecannotonlysharehappinesswiththembutalsogetsupportan

dencouragementfromthem,whichcanmakeusliveamuchmorehappierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeoplemisunderstoodthemeaningoffriendshi

p.Theythinkanyonewhohelpthemescapepunishmentisafriend.Inmyopinion,agoodfriendisafriendwhoishonestandwillinglytogiveyouahandwhenyouintrouble.Buthe

orsheisalwaystellingyouthetruthandiswillingtohelpyoucorrectmistakes.Beside,Ithinkwemustrespectourfriendsandtreatthemwiththewaywewanttobe

treated.答案:Asweallknow,friendshipplaysimportantpartinourlife.Ifwehaveclose,wecannotonlysharehappinesswiththembutalsogetsupportandenco

uragementfromthem,whichcanmakeusliveamuchmorehappierlife.Unluckily,manyyoungpeoplethemeaningoffriendship.Theythinkanyonew

hothemescapepunishmentisafriend.Inmyopinion,agoodfriendisafriendwhoishonestandtogiveyouahandwhenyouintrouble.heorsheisalwaystellingyouthetru

thandiswillingtohelpyoucorrectmistakes.,Ithinkwemustrespectourfriendsandtreatthemthewaywewanttobetreated.剖析:考查冠词。important是元音音素开头的单词,前应用an。考查名词。

根据下文them知道friend用复数。考查形容词比较级。happier是比较级,前不能再加more。考查动词时态。根据上下文可知应用一般现在时。考查主谓一致。anyone作主语时谓语用第三人称单数。考查形容词。作

表语应用形容词。考查系动词。句子缺少谓语动词,在you后加动词are。beintrouble处于困境。考查连词。两个句子之间是并列关系,不是转折关系。考查副词。此处应为“除此之外”,改为Besides。考查介词。用某种方式应用in。