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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018江苏苏州一模)InEnglishtheskyisblue,andthegrassisgreen.ButinVietnamesethereisjustonecolorcategoryforbothskyandgrass:xanh.Fo

rdecadescognitive(认知的)scientistshavepointedtosuchexamplesasevidencethatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor.Butnew

researchwithfour-tosix-month-oldbabiesindicatesthatlongbeforewelearnlanguage,weseeuptofivebasiccategorie

sofcolor—afindingthatsuggestsastrongerbiologicalelementtoperceive(感知)colorthanpreviouslythought.Thestudy,publishedrecentlyintheProceedingsoftheNat

ionalAcademyofSciencesUSA,testedthecolor-discriminationabilitiesofmorethan170Britishbabies.ResearchersattheUniver

sityofSussexinEnglandmeasuredhowlongbabiesspentstaringatcolorswatches,asystemknownaslookingtime.Firstbab

ieswereshowedoneswatchrepeatedlyuntiltheirlookingtimedecreased—asigntheyhadgrownboredwithit.Thentheresearchersshowedthemadifferentsampleandnotedthe

irreaction.Longerlookingtimeswereexplainedtomeanthebabiesconsideredthesecondsampletobeanewcolor.Theirincreasingres

ponsesshowedthattheydistinguishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.“Thefindingsuggestsyoucomebyn

aturetomakecolordistinctions,butgivenyourcultureandlanguage,certaindistinctionsmayormaynotbeused,”explains

leadauthorAliceSkelton,adoctoralstudentatSussex.Thestudysystematicallyexploredbabies’colorperception,re

vealinghowweperceivecolorsbeforewehavethewordstodescribethem,saysAngelaM.Brown,anexperimentalpsycholo

gistattheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofOptometry,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewresearch.Theresultsaddanewchallengetothelongnature-versus-nurtu

redebateandtheso-calledSapirWhorfhypothesis(假设)—theideathatthewayweseetheworldisshapedbylanguage.Infuturework,Skeltonandhercolleagu

esareinterestedintestingbabiesfromothercultures.“Thewaylanguageandcultureinteractisareallyinterestingquestion,”s

hesays.“Wedon’tyetknowtheexactsystems,butwedoknowhowwestartoff.”1.What’sthefindingofthenewresearch?A.Itclarifies

whatmakesbabiesperceivecolors.B.Itproveshumancolorrecognitionisinborn.C.Itfindshowmanycolorsbabiescanperceive.D.I

tshowsthecolorcultureisshapedbylanguage.2.Accordingtothenewresearch,wecanlearnthat.A.swatchesaffectbabiesinmemoryanda

ttentionB.longerlookingtimesarebasedonthepsychologyC.researchersdeterminebabies’colorperceptionD.babi

escantellthedifferencesofsomecolors3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RainbowintheBaby’sWorldB.AJourn

eytotheWorldofColorsC.ANewChallenge:Languagevs.CultureD.DifferentBabies,DifferentColorPerception语篇解读:本文是说

明文。英国萨塞克斯大学一项对婴儿的研究发现,人类生来具有区分颜色的能力。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-month-oldbabies...toperceive(感知)color

thanpreviouslythought”可知,对4—6个月大的婴儿研究后发现在我们学习语言前,已看出多达5种基本颜色。即人类辨别颜色的能力是天生的。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirincreasingresponsesshowedthatthe

ydistinguishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.”可知,婴儿能够区分一些颜色。3.A文章标题题。通读全文可知,最新研究表明婴儿具有区分颜色的能力。“rainbow(彩虹)”在此

指代颜色。故A项“婴儿世界里的彩虹(色彩)”作为标题最合适。BInstagramiscontainingsomanyphotosoffood—nowapop-updinerinLondonistakingadvan

tageofthisnewtrendbylettingpeoplesettlethebillfortheirmealssimplybyuploadingphotosoftheirdishestosocialnet

works.Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.‘ThePictu

reHouse’istheworld’sfirstpay-by-photorestaurant—youorder,clickaphotoofthefood,shareonInstagramandeatforf

ree!TherestaurantbelongstofrozenfoodgiantBirdsEye,whocameupwiththeideatocashinonpeople’saddictionwithphotographingfoodandsharingthepicturesonline.

TheyconductedasurveyandfoundoutthatmorethanhalfoftheBritishpopulationregularlytookpicturesoftheirmeals.Sotheyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisethei

rnewdiningrange.Thepop-updinerwasopeninSoho,LondonforthreedaysinMay,andisnowmovingtoothermajorUKcities

.Theyservetwo-coursemealsthatcustomersdon’thavetopayfor,iftheyphotoandInstagramit.TherestaurantisapartofBirdsEye’s‘FoodforLife’campaig

n,anewmarketingprojectthataimsatchangingthewaypeoplelookatfrozenfood.“Takingphotosoffoodenablespeopletoshowoffandtosharetheirmealtime

moments—fromtheeverydaytothespecial,”saidmarketingdirectorMargaretJobling.ThereactiontoThePictureHous

ehasbeengreatsofar.Andthepay-by-pictureconcepthasproventobeaneffectiveway.Alternativepaymentmethodsareactuallygainingp

opularityamongalotofbusinesses.Lastyear,inacafeinGermanycustomerspaybyhowmuchtimetheyspendthere,notb

ywhattheyeat.4.Instagramprobablyis.A.arestaurantfreeofchargeB.acampaignof“FoodforLife”C.anewmarketingprojectD.aprogramusedtosharephotos5.W

hat’stheauthor’sattitudetothisnewtrend?A.Opposed.B.Interested.C.Confused.D.Unconcerned.6.‘ThePictureHouse’encouragessharingphotosofitsfoodto.A.attr

actmorecustomersB.raisethepriceoffrozenfoodC.createanewsocialmediatrendD.rewardtheregularcustomers7.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasth

ebesttitleforthepassage?A.NoNeedtoPay.B.ThePop-upDiner.C.PaybyPicture.D.FoodforLife.语篇解读:本文是记叙文。讲的是英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合的事例。人们上传照片

可免单。答案及剖析:4.D推理判断题。从全文大意中可推断出Instagram是用于共享照片的程序,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第二段中Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesoft

heirfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.可以看出作者在这样的餐厅里可能也会拍照上传照片的。可见作者对这一趋势感兴趣,故选B。6.A细节理解题。根据第三段中So

theyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisetheirnewdiningrange.可以看出,如此做是想为他们新的业务做广告,以吸引更多的顾客。故选A。7.C主旨大意题。

英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合,人们只要上传照片就可以获得免单。因此最好的标题是“用照片买单”,故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)Asisknowntoall,weliveinaworldofgerms(细菌).Itisimpossibletoavoidexp

osure.Geneticmakeupsmaygivesomepeople1.advantageoverothers.However,itdoesnotstoppeople2.(become)sick.Allofushavebeenavictimofan3.(ill

)atsomepointinourlives.Moreover,itislikelythatwe4.(get)sickagaininthefuture.Ourbestchancesofavoidingsickness5.(be)by

exercisingandemployinggood6.(habit).Whilegoodhygieneandexerciseserveasobviousadvicetomostpeople,eating7.(health

y)isnotalwaysobvious.Ifyoucannotdefine“healthy”,thenyourimmunesystemwillbehappy8.(tell)you.Theimmunesystemisthefoundationofourhealth.Itworks

foruseverydaytokeepuswell.Askyourself:“Areyoumakingitsjobeasier9.harder?”Likeanysystem,theimmunesystemisnotdiffere

nt.Ithasatolerancetoo.Ifyoueatunhealthily,yourimmunesystemwillmakeyouawareofit.Takeastep10.therightdirectionbyincludingsomehealthyfoodinyou

rdiet.答案及剖析:1.an考查冠词。advantage是以元音音素开头的可数名词,在此处是泛指概念,表示“一个优势”,故填an。2.becoming考查非谓语动词。stopsb.(from)doi

ngsth.阻止某人做某事。3.illness考查名词。冠词an后面跟名词单数形式,故填illness。4.willget考查动词时态。根据时间状语inthefuture判断用将来时。5.are考查主谓一致和时态。主语是chances,谓语动词用复数形式,根据语境判

断用一般现在时,故填are。6.habits考查名词复数。habit是可数名词,此处用复数形式。7.healthily考查副词。修饰eating,故用副词形式。8.totell考查非谓语动词。固定搭配behappytodosth.很高兴做某事。9.or考查连词。根

据语境判断此处表示选择关系,句意:你在让免疫系统的工作更容易还是更难呢?10.in考查介词。朝某个方向,介词用in。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)Myfavoriteproverbis“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Itmeanthattruef

riendsalwayscometoyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Lastterm,myfathermetwithatrafficaccident,buthisrightleggotinjuredseriously.Con

sequently,hereceivedtheoperationandIhadtolookafterhiminthehospital.Learnedaboutthis,LiLeiwasofferedtotakecareofmyfa

therwithouthesitation.Healsohelpedmemakeupformymissinglessons.Thanktohishelpandinspiration,Iwentthroughthedifficultyperiodandregainedconfid

ence.However,atruefriendalwayssparesnoefforthelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Weallshouldtrytomakesogoodfriends.答案:Myfavoritepro

verbis“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”Itthattruefriendsalwayscometoyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Lastterm,myfathermetwithatrafficacci

dent,hisrightleggotinjuredseriously.Consequently,hereceivedoperationandIhadtolookafterhiminthehospita

l.aboutthis,LiLeiwasofferedtotakecareofmyfatherwithouthesitation.Healsohelpedmemakeupformymissinglessons.tohishelpandinspiration,Iwentthroughthep

eriodandregainedconfidence.,atruefriendalwayssparesnoefforthelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Weallshouldtrytomakegoodfriends.

剖析:考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。It在句中作主语,指代上文的谚语“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed”,谓语动词用单数,并且句子是一般现在时,所以mean要用第三人称单数形式,故将mean改为means。考查连词。前面说到“我父亲遇到车祸”,

后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”,所以前后应该是递进关系,而不是转折关系,故将but改为and。考查冠词。因为“我父亲腿部受伤”,所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术,要用an,不能用定冠词the,故将the改为an。考查非谓语动词。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的LiLei,和learn为

主动关系,所以应该使用learn的主动形式,也就是说要用现在分词,而不是过去分词。故将Learned改为Learning。考查动词语态。这里是李雷主动提出照顾“我父亲”,所以应该用主动语态,故将offered前面的was去掉。考查固定搭配。thanks

to是固定搭配,所以要在Thank后面加上s,故将Thank改为Thanks。考查形容词的用法。这里应该用形容词修饰名词period,指“困难的时期”,所以应该将名词difficulty改为形容词形式difficul

t。考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话,所以前后应该是因果关系,故将However改为Therefore。考查非谓语动词。sparenoefforttodo是固定短语,意思是“不遗余力做某事”,所以要在help之

前加上to。so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰单数或复数名词。friends是复数名词,所以应该用such修饰,故将so改为such。