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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018江苏苏州一模)InEnglishtheskyisblue,andthegrassisgreen.ButinVietnamesethereisjustonecolorcategoryforbothskyandgrass:

xanh.Fordecadescognitive(认知的)scientistshavepointedtosuchexamplesasevidencethatlanguagelargelydetermineshowweseecolor.Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-mo

nth-oldbabiesindicatesthatlongbeforewelearnlanguage,weseeuptofivebasiccategoriesofcolor—afindingthatsuggestsastrongerbiologicalelementtoperceive(感知)c

olorthanpreviouslythought.Thestudy,publishedrecentlyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,testedthecolor-discriminationabilitiesofm

orethan170Britishbabies.ResearchersattheUniversityofSussexinEnglandmeasuredhowlongbabiesspentstaringatcolorswatches,asystemknownaslookingtime

.Firstbabieswereshowedoneswatchrepeatedlyuntiltheirlookingtimedecreased—asigntheyhadgrownboredwithit.Thentheresearcherssh

owedthemadifferentsampleandnotedtheirreaction.Longerlookingtimeswereexplainedtomeanthebabiesconsideredthesecondsa

mpletobeanewcolor.Theirincreasingresponsesshowedthattheydistinguishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.“Thef

indingsuggestsyoucomebynaturetomakecolordistinctions,butgivenyourcultureandlanguage,certaindistinctionsmayormay

notbeused,”explainsleadauthorAliceSkelton,adoctoralstudentatSussex.Thestudysystematicallyexploredbabies’colorperception,revealinghow

weperceivecolorsbeforewehavethewordstodescribethem,saysAngelaM.Brown,anexperimentalpsychologistattheOhioStateUniversity’sCollegeofOptom

etry,whowasnotinvolvedwiththenewresearch.Theresultsaddanewchallengetothelongnature-versus-nurturedebateandtheso-calledSapirWhorfhyp

othesis(假设)—theideathatthewayweseetheworldisshapedbylanguage.Infuturework,Skeltonandhercolleaguesareinterestedintestingbab

iesfromothercultures.“Thewaylanguageandcultureinteractisareallyinterestingquestion,”shesays.“Wedon’tyetknowtheexac

tsystems,butwedoknowhowwestartoff.”1.What’sthefindingofthenewresearch?A.Itclarifieswhatmakesbabiesperceivecolors.B.Itproveshumancolorr

ecognitionisinborn.C.Itfindshowmanycolorsbabiescanperceive.D.Itshowsthecolorcultureisshapedbylanguage.2.Accordingt

othenewresearch,wecanlearnthat.A.swatchesaffectbabiesinmemoryandattentionB.longerlookingtimesarebasedonthepsychologyC.researchersdeterminebabies’colo

rperceptionD.babiescantellthedifferencesofsomecolors3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RainbowintheBaby’sWorldB.AJourneytotheWorld

ofColorsC.ANewChallenge:Languagevs.CultureD.DifferentBabies,DifferentColorPerception语篇解读:本文是说明文。英国萨塞克斯大学一项对婴儿的研究发现,人类生来具有区

分颜色的能力。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Butnewresearchwithfour-tosix-month-oldbabies...toperceive(感知)colorthanpreviouslythought”可知,对4—6个月大的

婴儿研究后发现在我们学习语言前,已看出多达5种基本颜色。即人类辨别颜色的能力是天生的。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirincreasingresponsesshowedthattheydisting

uishedamongfivecolors:red,green,blue,purpleandyellow.”可知,婴儿能够区分一些颜色。3.A文章标题题。通读全文可知,最新研究表明婴儿具有区分颜色的能力。“rainbow(彩虹)”在此指代颜色。故A项“婴儿世界里的彩虹(色彩)”作为标

题最合适。BInstagramiscontainingsomanyphotosoffood—nowapop-updinerinLondonistakingadvantageofthisnewtrendbylettingpeoples

ettlethebillfortheirmealssimplybyuploadingphotosoftheirdishestosocialnetworks.Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesoftheirfoodwaskindo

fsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.‘ThePictureHouse’istheworld’sfirstpay-by-photorestaurant—youorder,clickaphoto

ofthefood,shareonInstagramandeatforfree!TherestaurantbelongstofrozenfoodgiantBirdsEye,whocameupwiththeideatocashinonpeop

le’saddictionwithphotographingfoodandsharingthepicturesonline.Theyconductedasurveyandfoundoutthatmoretha

nhalfoftheBritishpopulationregularlytookpicturesoftheirmeals.Sotheyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisetheirnewdiningrange.Thepop-u

pdinerwasopeninSoho,LondonforthreedaysinMay,andisnowmovingtoothermajorUKcities.Theyservetwo-coursemealsthatcustomersdon’thavetopayfor,iftheyphotoa

ndInstagramit.TherestaurantisapartofBirdsEye’s‘FoodforLife’campaign,anewmarketingprojectthataimsatchangingthewaypeoplelookatfrozenfood.“Takingphotoso

ffoodenablespeopletoshowoffandtosharetheirmealtimemoments—fromtheeverydaytothespecial,”saidmarketingdirectorMargar

etJobling.ThereactiontoThePictureHousehasbeengreatsofar.Andthepay-by-pictureconcepthasproventobeaneffectiveway.Alternativepaymen

tmethodsareactuallygainingpopularityamongalotofbusinesses.Lastyear,inacafeinGermanycustomerspaybyhowmuchtimetheyspendthere,notbyw

hattheyeat.4.Instagramprobablyis.A.arestaurantfreeofchargeB.acampaignof“FoodforLife”C.anewmarketingprojectD.aprogramusedtosharephotos5.What’sthe

author’sattitudetothisnewtrend?A.Opposed.B.Interested.C.Confused.D.Unconcerned.6.‘ThePictureHouse’encouragessharingphotosofitsfoodto.A.attr

actmorecustomersB.raisethepriceoffrozenfoodC.createanewsocialmediatrendD.rewardtheregularcustomers7.Whic

hofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NoNeedtoPay.B.ThePop-upDiner.C.PaybyPicture.D.FoodforLife.语篇解读:本文是记叙文。讲的是英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结

合的事例。人们上传照片可免单。答案及剖析:4.D推理判断题。从全文大意中可推断出Instagram是用于共享照片的程序,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第二段中Ialwaysthoughtpeople’stakingpicturesofthe

irfoodwaskindofsilly,butatthisnewpop-uprestaurantintheUK,I’dprobablydoittoo.可以看出作者在这样的餐厅里可能也会拍照上传照片的。可见作者对这一趋势感兴趣,故选B。6.A细

节理解题。根据第三段中Sotheyrealizeditwasabetterwaytoadvertisetheirnewdiningrange.可以看出,如此做是想为他们新的业务做广告,以吸引更多的顾客。故选A。7.C主

旨大意题。英国一家餐厅将餐厅经营与时下流行的照片分享相结合,人们只要上传照片就可以获得免单。因此最好的标题是“用照片买单”,故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)Asisknowntoall,weliveinaworldofgerms(细菌

).Itisimpossibletoavoidexposure.Geneticmakeupsmaygivesomepeople1.advantageoverothers.However,itdoesnotst

oppeople2.(become)sick.Allofushavebeenavictimofan3.(ill)atsomepointinourlives.Moreover,itislikelythatwe4.(get)sickagaininthefuture.Ourb

estchancesofavoidingsickness5.(be)byexercisingandemployinggood6.(habit).Whilegoodhygieneandexerciseserveasobviousadvicetomostpeo

ple,eating7.(healthy)isnotalwaysobvious.Ifyoucannotdefine“healthy”,thenyourimmunesystemwillbehappy8.(tell)you.Theimmunesystemisth

efoundationofourhealth.Itworksforuseverydaytokeepuswell.Askyourself:“Areyoumakingitsjobeasier9.harder?”Likeanysystem,theimmunesystemisnotdifferent

.Ithasatolerancetoo.Ifyoueatunhealthily,yourimmunesystemwillmakeyouawareofit.Takeastep10.therightdirectionbyincludingsomehealthyfoodinyour

diet.答案及剖析:1.an考查冠词。advantage是以元音音素开头的可数名词,在此处是泛指概念,表示“一个优势”,故填an。2.becoming考查非谓语动词。stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事。3.illness考查名词

。冠词an后面跟名词单数形式,故填illness。4.willget考查动词时态。根据时间状语inthefuture判断用将来时。5.are考查主谓一致和时态。主语是chances,谓语动词用复数形式,根据语境判断用一般现在

时,故填are。6.habits考查名词复数。habit是可数名词,此处用复数形式。7.healthily考查副词。修饰eating,故用副词形式。8.totell考查非谓语动词。固定搭配behappytodosth.很高兴做某事。9.or考查连词。根据语境判断此处表示选择关系,句意

:你在让免疫系统的工作更容易还是更难呢?10.in考查介词。朝某个方向,介词用in。Ⅲ.短文改错(2018高考英语原创押题预测卷)Myfavoriteproverbis“Afriendinneedisafrien

dindeed.”Itmeanthattruefriendsalwayscometoyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Lastterm,myfathermetwithatrafficaccident,buthisrightleggotinjuredseriously.Conseque

ntly,hereceivedtheoperationandIhadtolookafterhiminthehospital.Learnedaboutthis,LiLeiwasofferedtotakecareofmyfatherwithouth

esitation.Healsohelpedmemakeupformymissinglessons.Thanktohishelpandinspiration,Iwentthroughthedifficultyperiodandregainedconfidence.However,atrue

friendalwayssparesnoefforthelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Weallshouldtrytomakesogoodfriends.答案:Myfavoriteproverbis“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.”It

thattruefriendsalwayscometoyouwhenyou’reintrouble.Lastterm,myfathermetwithatrafficaccident,hisrightleggotinjuredseriously.Consequently,hereceiv

edoperationandIhadtolookafterhiminthehospital.aboutthis,LiLeiwasofferedtotakecareofmyfatherwithouthesitation.He

alsohelpedmemakeupformymissinglessons.tohishelpandinspiration,Iwentthroughtheperiodandregainedconfidence.,atruefriendalwayssparesnoefforthe

lpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Weallshouldtrytomakegoodfriends.剖析:考查动词的第三人称单数的用法。It在句中作主语,指代上文的谚语“Afriendinneedisafr

iendindeed”,谓语动词用单数,并且句子是一般现在时,所以mean要用第三人称单数形式,故将mean改为means。考查连词。前面说到“我父亲遇到车祸”,后面提到“他的右腿受伤严重”,所以前后应该是递进关系,而不是转折关系,故将but改为and。考查冠词。因为“我父亲腿部

受伤”,所以接受了一个手术。第一次提到手术,要用an,不能用定冠词the,故将the改为an。考查非谓语动词。本句中句子的主语应该是后面的LiLei,和learn为主动关系,所以应该使用learn的主动形式,也就是说要用现在分词,而不是过去分词。

故将Learned改为Learning。考查动词语态。这里是李雷主动提出照顾“我父亲”,所以应该用主动语态,故将offered前面的was去掉。考查固定搭配。thanksto是固定搭配,所以要在Thank后面加上s,故将Thank改为Thanks。考查形容词的用法。这里

应该用形容词修饰名词period,指“困难的时期”,所以应该将名词difficulty改为形容词形式difficult。考查副词的用法。此处是承接、总结前面的话,所以前后应该是因果关系,故将However改为Th

erefore。考查非谓语动词。sparenoefforttodo是固定短语,意思是“不遗余力做某事”,所以要在help之前加上to。so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰单数或复数名词。friends是复数名词,所以应该用such修饰,故将so改为such。