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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrule

s.Yethowparentsmakedemandscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyfoundaftertheconclusionofastudyinv

estigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includ

ingonetoassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffec

tion.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,Iwouldnotdothings

thatcausedhimtoworry”orforMomtobecome“lessfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsa

tages18and21,askingtheyoungadultstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereasked

toanswerhypothetical(假设的)questionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigat

eadisagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics

.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Oudekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstrugg

ledinfriendlydisagreementsatage18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekids

withoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssus

pectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughpare

ntsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatpa

rentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterprepared

forfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocial

difficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversi

tyinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriends

hips.1.Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents?A.Theylosesocialskills.B.Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.C.

Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D.Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopinion.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5me

an?A.alternativeB.conservativeC.powerfulD.forceful3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefindingsthatparentsshould.A

.communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB.learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC.seekmorecontrollingstrategiesD.helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowr

ules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人沟通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinions...inwarmandproductiveways”和第五

段“Theresearcherssuspect...inotherrelationships”可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“anydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself,”及前一句中

的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。3.A推理判断题。根据第五段“Separatefindingssuggest...forfuturearguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选A。BAboutaquarterofth

eworlddrivesontheleft,andthecountriesthatdoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies(殖民地)likeAustraliaandIreland.ButThailand,Indones

iaandJapanalsodoso.Thisstrangequirk(奇事)puzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfectlygoodreason.Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravell

edontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsunderth

eirrightarmnaturallypassedoneachother’sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetwee

nyourselfandhim.RevolutionaryFrance,however,overturnedthispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink.Achan

gewascarriedoutallovercontinentalEuropebyNapoleon.ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeeph

isswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anypartofcolonizedbytheFrenchtravelledontheright.AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),

theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonialpast.AsAmericabecamethecent

erofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmericanright-hand-drivecars.Fromthenon,manycountrieschangedoutofnecessity.Today,theE

UwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstoc

hangeeverythinground.ThelastEuropeancountrytochangedrivingontherightwasSwedenin1967.Whileeveryonewasgettingusedtoth

enewsystem,theypaidmoreattentionandtookmorecare,resultinginareductionofthenumberofroadaccidents.4.Whydidpeopletra

velontheleftbeforethelate18thcentury?A.Theywererequiredtodoso.B.Theyweremostlyleft-handed.C.Itwaseasier

tocrossthestreet.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.5.WhatwasNapoleon’sattitudetowalkingontheleft?A.Support.B.Disapproval.C

.Doubt.D.Sympathy.6.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.A.theconnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruledbytheUKC.theA

mericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawasthecenterofthecarindustry7.WhatisthemaincauseoftheUKfailingtoadoptthenewsy

stem?A.Itshighcoststochange.B.Itsincreasingtrafficaccidents.C.Itsinfluenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.语篇解读:本文

讲述了一些国家在左侧行走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因和过程。答案及剖析:4.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideofthe

roadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.及...ifyoupassedastrangerontheroad

,...ensurethatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetweenyourselfandhim.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第三段中ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed

.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选B。6.B细节理解题。根据第四段中...theUSbecameind

ependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonialpast.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不

再受英国统治,故选B。7.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofp

oundstochangeeverythinground.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018石家庄高三质检)Wecanalwayshear1.(voice)comp

aringtheeducationsystemsinChinaandtheUS.It’struethatthereexistalotofdifferences,butthiscannotbeanexcuse2.havin

gapassiveattitudetowardstudyinginChina.WhenIcamebackfromtheUSlastyearandcontinuedmyseniormiddleschooleducationinChina,Isensedmanygreatdifferenc

es.IthoughtthatschoolinChinawastoohardforusstudents,and3.wedidn’tgettodoenoughfunexerciseexceptrunningaroun

dplaygroundstogether.Mymomhadalongtalkwithme.Afterthat,IrealizedthatthoughhighschoollifeinChinaisharder,itcangiveus4.(m

uch).Thepressurehelpsuslearnthetruemeaningofcompetition5.westepintosociety.Itgivesusastrongheartand6.

(teach)ustostepforwardnomatterwhatthe7.(real)is.It’slikeclimbingamountain.Youmightfeeldizzyandnervous,but

thetopisalwaysthere8.(wait)foryouaslongasyouarestrongenough9.(take)onemorestep.Wecomplain10.(main)becausewecan’tseethe

wholepicture.Weallneedtounderstandthatsuccesstakeseffortsandtears.答案及剖析:1.voices考查名词复数。把中国的教育方式与美国的相比时,我们总

是能听到各种声音(voices)。2.for考查介词的用法。固定短语:excusefor作为„„的借口。3.that考查关系代词的用法。此处由and连接两个并列宾语从句,第二个从句前的that不可省略。4.more考查比较级。根据上文的isharder可知

,此处表示“给予我们更多”。故填more。5.before考查连词的用法。根据句意,压力让我们在进入社会之前学到了竞争的意义,可知填before。6.teaches考查动词的时态。It作主语,由and

连接的两个并列谓语时态一致,此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。填teaches。7.reality考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词,real的名词形式为reality。8.waiting考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分

词作伴随状语,表示主动。9.totake考查非谓语动词。此处是enoughtodosth.结构。这里用不定式totake作目的状语。10.mainly考查副词。修饰动词complain用副词形式,故填mainly。

Ⅲ.短文改错Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutwhatIlive.ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmyminds.WhenIwasastudent,myte

achertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonliveintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplaceannualtobea

ritsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimforthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofabandonit,itstr

ugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIamdepressingbecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisst

oryanddecidedtokeeponstruggling.答案:Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutIlive.ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmy.WhenIwasastudent,myteac

hertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplacetobearitsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobe

causeithastoswimthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofit,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,w

henIambecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisstoryandtokeeponstruggling.剖析:live为不及物动词,在此应用how引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。remindsb.o

f/aboutsth.为固定搭配。mind是不可数名词,意为“脑海”。Asalmon作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故live改为lives。returntosomeplace“回归某地”,固定搭配。annual

ly在句中作状语。swimagainstthecurrent,逆流而游。介词of后跟v.-ing形式作宾语。表示人情绪失落用形容词depressed。由前文remember可知此处时态用一般现在时,故decided改为

decide。