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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.

Yethowparentsmakedemandscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyfoundaftertheconclusi

onofastudyinvestigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonetoassess

howoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffectio

n.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,Iwouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry”orforMomtobeco

me“lessfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadu

ltstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical(假设的)q

uestionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigateadisagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudy

leaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Oudeke

rkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsata

ge18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeak

up,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’sabilitytolear

nhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamaget

hebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsinto

conversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelat

ionshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatag

e21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvinci

nglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriendships.1.Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents?A.Theylosesoc

ialskills.B.Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.C.Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D.Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopini

on.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5mean?A.alternativeB.conservativeC.powerfulD.forceful3.Itcanbei

nferredfromthefindingsthatparentsshould.A.communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB.learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC.s

eekmorecontrollingstrategiesD.helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人沟

通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinions...inwarmandproductiveways”和第五段“Theresearch

erssuspect...inotherrelationships”可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“anydisagreementwilldamageth

ebonditself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。3.A推理判断题。根据第五段“Separatefindingssuggest...forfuturearguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原

因,故选A。BAboutaquarteroftheworlddrivesontheleft,andthecountriesthatdoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies(殖民地)lik

eAustraliaandIreland.ButThailand,IndonesiaandJapanalsodoso.Thisstrangequirk(奇事)puzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfect

lygoodreason.Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptio

nforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsundertheirrightarmnatural

lypassedoneachother’sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensurethatyourprotectiveswordarm

wasbetweenyourselfandhim.RevolutionaryFrance,however,overturnedthispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink.Achangewascarriedoutall

overcontinentalEuropebyNapoleon.ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbe

tweenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anypartofcolonizedbytheFrenchtravelledontheright.AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775—1783),theU

SbecameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritis

hcolonialpast.AsAmericabecamethecenterofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmericanright-hand-drivecars.Fromthenon,manyc

ountrieschangedoutofnecessity.Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoun

dstochangeeverythinground.ThelastEuropeancountrytochangedrivingontherightwasSwedenin1967.Whileeveryonewasgettingusedtoth

enewsystem,theypaidmoreattentionandtookmorecare,resultinginareductionofthenumberofroadaccidents.4.Wh

ydidpeopletravelontheleftbeforethelate18thcentury?A.Theywererequiredtodoso.B.Theyweremostlyleft-handed.C.Itwaseasiertocrossthestreet

.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.5.WhatwasNapoleon’sattitudetowalkingontheleft?A.Support.B.Disapproval.C.Doubt.D.Sympa

thy.6.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.A.theconnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruled

bytheUKC.theAmericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawasthecenterofthecarindustry7.WhatisthemaincauseoftheUKfailingtoadoptthenews

ystem?A.Itshighcoststochange.B.Itsincreasingtrafficaccidents.C.Itsinfluenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.语篇解读:本文讲述了一些国家在左侧行走的原因及部分国

家后来改变这一传统的原因和过程。答案及剖析:4.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecaus

eit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.及...ifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,...ensurethatyourprotect

iveswordarmwasbetweenyourselfandhim.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第三段中ItchangedunderNapoleonbecau

sehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选B。6.B细节理解题。根据第四段中...theUS

becameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonialpast.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不再受英国统治,故

选B。7.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpos

sible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018石家庄高三质检)Wecanalwayshear1.(voice)comparingtheeducatio

nsystemsinChinaandtheUS.It’struethatthereexistalotofdifferences,butthiscannotbeanexcuse2.havingapassiveatt

itudetowardstudyinginChina.WhenIcamebackfromtheUSlastyearandcontinuedmyseniormiddleschooleducationinChina,Isensedmanygreatdiffere

nces.IthoughtthatschoolinChinawastoohardforusstudents,and3.wedidn’tgettodoenoughfunexerciseexceptrunningaroundplaygroundstogeth

er.Mymomhadalongtalkwithme.Afterthat,IrealizedthatthoughhighschoollifeinChinaisharder,itcangiveus4.(much).Thepressurehelpsuslearnthetruemean

ingofcompetition5.westepintosociety.Itgivesusastrongheartand6.(teach)ustostepforwardnomatterwhatthe7.(real)is.It’sl

ikeclimbingamountain.Youmightfeeldizzyandnervous,butthetopisalwaysthere8.(wait)foryouaslongasyouarestrongenough9.(take)onemorestep.Wecomplain10.(m

ain)becausewecan’tseethewholepicture.Weallneedtounderstandthatsuccesstakeseffortsandtears.答案及剖析:1.voices考查名词复数。把中国的教育方式与美国的相比时,我们总是能听到各种声音(voices

)。2.for考查介词的用法。固定短语:excusefor作为„„的借口。3.that考查关系代词的用法。此处由and连接两个并列宾语从句,第二个从句前的that不可省略。4.more考查比较级。根据上文的isharder

可知,此处表示“给予我们更多”。故填more。5.before考查连词的用法。根据句意,压力让我们在进入社会之前学到了竞争的意义,可知填before。6.teaches考查动词的时态。It作主语,由and连接的两个并列谓语时态一致,此处谓语动词用第三人称单数

形式。填teaches。7.reality考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词,real的名词形式为reality。8.waiting考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作伴随状语,表示主动。9.totake考查非谓语动词。此处是enoughtodost

h.结构。这里用不定式totake作目的状语。10.mainly考查副词。修饰动词complain用副词形式,故填mainly。Ⅲ.短文改错Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutwhatIlive.Itremindsmeastoryth

atIcan’tgetoutofmyminds.WhenIwasastudent,myteachertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonliveinthe

seawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplaceannualtobearitsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimforthecurrentofwater,soalotdieon

thewayback.Insteadofabandonit,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIamdepressingbecause

lifeisdifficult,Irememberthisstoryanddecidedtokeeponstruggling.答案:Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutIlive.Itremi

ndsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmy.WhenIwasastudent,myteachertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbackto

itsbirthplacetobearitsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofit,itstruggl

esonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIambecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisstoryandtokeeponstrugglin

g.剖析:live为不及物动词,在此应用how引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。remindsb.of/aboutsth.为固定搭配。mind是不可数名词,意为“脑海”。Asalmon作主语,谓语动词应用第

三人称单数,故live改为lives。returntosomeplace“回归某地”,固定搭配。annually在句中作状语。swimagainstthecurrent,逆流而游。介词of后跟v.-ing形式作宾语

。表示人情绪失落用形容词depressed。由前文remember可知此处时态用一般现在时,故decided改为decide。