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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.Yethowparents

makedemandscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyf

oundaftertheconclusionofastudyinvestigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-olds

filledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonetoassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguil

torthreateningtowithdrawaffection.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredfo

rhim,Iwouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry”orforMomtobecome“lessfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollow

edupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadultstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartnerifthey

hadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical(假设的)questionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhetherthey

couldnavigateadisagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissu

eofChildDevelopment,Oudekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsatage

18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontroll

ingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’s

abilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,

domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplaint

hereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftens

eordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationab

ilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thi

nkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriendships.1.Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents

?A.Theylosesocialskills.B.Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.C.Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D.Theyfailtoinspireadifferenc

eofopinion.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5mean?A.alternativeB.conservativeC.powerfulD.forceful3.Itcanbeinferr

edfromthefindingsthatparentsshould.A.communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB.learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC.seekmorecontrol

lingstrategiesD.helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人

沟通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinions...inwarmandproductiveways”和第五段“Theresearcherssuspect...inotherrelation

ships”可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“anydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。3.A推理

判断题。根据第五段“Separatefindingssuggest...forfuturearguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选A。BAboutaquarteroftheworlddriveso

ntheleft,andthecountriesthatdoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies(殖民地)likeAustraliaandIreland.ButThailand,Indonesiaan

dJapanalsodoso.Thisstrangequirk(奇事)puzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfectlygoodreason.Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideo

ftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsundertheirrightarmnatura

llypassedoneachother’sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensurethatyourprotectivesword

armwasbetweenyourselfandhim.RevolutionaryFrance,however,overturnedthispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink.Achangewascarriedoutallovercont

inentalEuropebyNapoleon.ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetw

eenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anypartofcolonizedbytheFrenchtravelledontheright.AftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1

775—1783),theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswi

thitsBritishcolonialpast.AsAmericabecamethecenterofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmerica

nright-hand-drivecars.Fromthenon,manycountrieschangedoutofnecessity.Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewithther

estofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.ThelastEuropeancount

rytochangedrivingontherightwasSwedenin1967.Whileeveryonewasgettingusedtothenewsystem,theypaidmoreatten

tionandtookmorecare,resultinginareductionofthenumberofroadaccidents.4.Whydidpeopletravelontheleftbeforethelate18thcentury?A.Theywererequiredtodoso.

B.Theyweremostlyleft-handed.C.Itwaseasiertocrossthestreet.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.5.WhatwasNapoleon’sattitudetow

alkingontheleft?A.Support.B.Disapproval.C.Doubt.D.Sympathy.6.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.A.theco

nnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruledbytheUKC.theAmericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawast

hecenterofthecarindustry7.WhatisthemaincauseoftheUKfailingtoadoptthenewsystem?A.Itshighcoststochange.B.Itsincreasingtrafficaccidents.C.Itsinfl

uenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.语篇解读:本文讲述了一些国家在左侧行走的原因及部分国家后来改变这一传统的原因和过程。答案及剖析:4.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Uptothela

te1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsociet

ieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.及...ifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,...ensurethatyourprotectiveswordarm

wasbetweenyourselfandhim.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第三段中ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmiesha

dtomarchontherightsohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选B。6.B细节理解题。根据第四段中...theUSbecameindepende

ntanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonialpast.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不再

受英国统治,故选B。7.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerposs

ible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythinground.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018石家庄高三质检)Wecanalwayshear1.(voice)comparingtheeduca

tionsystemsinChinaandtheUS.It’struethatthereexistalotofdifferences,butthiscannotbeanexcuse2.havingapassiveattitudetowardstudyinginChina.WhenIcameb

ackfromtheUSlastyearandcontinuedmyseniormiddleschooleducationinChina,Isensedmanygreatdifferences.IthoughtthatschoolinChi

nawastoohardforusstudents,and3.wedidn’tgettodoenoughfunexerciseexceptrunningaroundplaygroundstogether.Mymomhadalongtalkwit

hme.Afterthat,IrealizedthatthoughhighschoollifeinChinaisharder,itcangiveus4.(much).Thepressurehelpsuslearnthetruemeaningofcompetitio

n5.westepintosociety.Itgivesusastrongheartand6.(teach)ustostepforwardnomatterwhatthe7.(real)is.It’slikeclimbingamountain.Youmightf

eeldizzyandnervous,butthetopisalwaysthere8.(wait)foryouaslongasyouarestrongenough9.(take)onemorestep.Wecomplain

10.(main)becausewecan’tseethewholepicture.Weallneedtounderstandthatsuccesstakeseffortsandtears.答案及剖析:

1.voices考查名词复数。把中国的教育方式与美国的相比时,我们总是能听到各种声音(voices)。2.for考查介词的用法。固定短语:excusefor作为„„的借口。3.that考查关系代词的用法。此处由and连接两个并列宾语从句,第二个从句前的t

hat不可省略。4.more考查比较级。根据上文的isharder可知,此处表示“给予我们更多”。故填more。5.before考查连词的用法。根据句意,压力让我们在进入社会之前学到了竞争的意义,可知填before。6.teaches考查动词的时态。It作主语,由

and连接的两个并列谓语时态一致,此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。填teaches。7.reality考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词,real的名词形式为reality。8.waiting考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作

伴随状语,表示主动。9.totake考查非谓语动词。此处是enoughtodosth.结构。这里用不定式totake作目的状语。10.mainly考查副词。修饰动词complain用副词形式,故填mainly。Ⅲ.短文改

错Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutwhatIlive.ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmyminds.WhenIwasastudent,myteachertoldthe

classastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonliveintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplaceannualtobearitsbaby.Itisnotea

syforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimforthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofabandonit,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffected

mylife.Sometimes,whenIamdepressingbecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisstoryanddecidedtokeeponstruggling.答案:Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutIl

ive.ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmy.WhenIwasastudent,myteachertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon

”.Asalmonintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplacetobearitsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimth

ecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofit,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIambecauselifeisdifficult,Irem

emberthisstoryandtokeeponstruggling.剖析:live为不及物动词,在此应用how引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。remindsb.of/aboutsth.为固定搭配。mind是不可数名词,意为“脑海”。Asalmon作主语

,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故live改为lives。returntosomeplace“回归某地”,固定搭配。annually在句中作状语。swimagainstthecurrent,逆流而游。介词of后跟v.-ing形式作宾语。表示人情绪失落用形容词depressed

。由前文remember可知此处时态用一般现在时,故decided改为decide。