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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.Yethowparentsmakedemandscanpowerfu

llyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyfoundaftertheconclusionofastudyinvestigat

ingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonet

oassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffecti

on.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,Iwouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry”orf

orMomtobecome“lessfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadu

ltstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical(假设的)questionsthatwer

epurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigateadisagreementinahealthyway,

”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Ou

dekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsatage18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheir

opinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarma

ndproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherown

viewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditsel

f.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversations

leaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthats

ocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-Ilan

UniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfr

iendships.1.Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents?A.Theylosesocialskills.B.Theyhavetroublepres

entingopinions.C.Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D.Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopinion.2.Wh

atdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5mean?A.alternativeB.conservativeC.powerfulD.forceful3.Itcanbeinferredfromthefindingst

hatparentsshould.A.communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB.learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC.seekmorec

ontrollingstrategiesD.helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他

人沟通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinions...inwarmandproductiveways”和第五段“Theresearcherssuspect...inoth

errelationships”可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“anydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。3.A推理

判断题。根据第五段“Separatefindingssuggest...forfuturearguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选A。BAboutaquarteroftheworlddriveson

theleft,andthecountriesthatdoaremostlyoldBritishcolonies(殖民地)likeAustraliaandIreland.ButThailand,IndonesiaandJapanalsod

oso.Thisstrangequirk(奇事)puzzlestherestoftheworld;however,thereisaperfectlygoodreason.Uptothelate1700’s

,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleoptionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-ha

ndedpeople.Soldierswiththeirswordsundertheirrightarmnaturallypassedoneachother’sright,andifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,youwalkedonthelefttoensuret

hatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetweenyourselfandhim.RevolutionaryFrance,however,overturnedthispracticeaspartofitssweepingsocialrethink.Achangewascar

riedoutallovercontinentalEuropebyNapoleon.ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherightsoh

ecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.Fromthenon,anypartofcolonizedbytheFrenchtravelledontheright.AftertheAmericanRe

volutionaryWar(1775—1783),theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherightinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonia

lpast.AsAmericabecamethecenterofthecarindustry,ifyouwantedagoodreliablevehicle,youboughtAmericanright-hand-drivecars.Fromthenon,manycountr

ieschangedoutofnecessity.Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeev

erythinground.ThelastEuropeancountrytochangedrivingontherightwasSwedenin1967.Whileeveryonewasgettingusedtothenewsystem,theypaidmoreattentiona

ndtookmorecare,resultinginareductionofthenumberofroadaccidents.4.Whydidpeopletravelontheleftbeforethelate18thcentu

ry?A.Theywererequiredtodoso.B.Theyweremostlyleft-handed.C.Itwaseasiertocrossthestreet.D.Theycouldfeelsaferfromattacks.5.WhatwasNapole

on’sattitudetowalkingontheleft?A.Support.B.Disapproval.C.Doubt.D.Sympathy.6.ForAmericans,drivingontherightwasawaytoshow.

A.theconnectionwithFrancewasbrokenB.theUSwasnolongerruledbytheUKC.theAmericanRevolutionWarhadendedD.Americawasthece

nterofthecarindustry7.WhatisthemaincauseoftheUKfailingtoadoptthenewsystem?A.Itshighcoststochange.B.Itsincreasin

gtrafficaccidents.C.Itsinfluenceoncolonies.D.Itsfast-developingcarindustry.语篇解读:本文讲述了一些国家在左侧行走的原因及部分国

家后来改变这一传统的原因和过程。答案及剖析:4.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的Uptothelate1700’s,everybodytravelledontheleftsideoftheroadbecauseit’sthemostsensibleopt

ionforfeudal(封建的),violentsocietieswithmostlyright-handedpeople.及...ifyoupassedastrangerontheroad,...ensurethatyourprotectiveswordarmwasbetween

yourselfandhim.可知,当时人们在左侧走是因为会感到更安全,故选D。5.B推理判断题。根据第三段中ItchangedunderNapoleonbecausehewasleft-handed.Hisarmieshadtomarchontherights

ohecouldkeephisswordarmbetweenhimandanyopponent.可知,拿破仑对在左侧走是不赞成的,故选B。6.B细节理解题。根据第四段中...theUSbecameindependentanddecidedtomaketrafficdriveontherig

htinordertocastoffallremaininglinkswithitsBritishcolonialpast.可知,美国改变英国传统是想表示不再受英国统治,故选B。7.A细节理解题。根据

最后一段中Today,theEUwouldlikeBritaintofallintolinewiththerestofEurope,butthisisnolongerpossible.Itwouldcostbillionsofpoundstochangeeverythingro

und.可知,英国没有采用右侧走是因为花费太高,故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018石家庄高三质检)Wecanalwayshear1.(voice)comparingtheeducationsystemsinChinaandtheUS.It’

struethatthereexistalotofdifferences,butthiscannotbeanexcuse2.havingapassiveattitudetowardstudyinginCh

ina.WhenIcamebackfromtheUSlastyearandcontinuedmyseniormiddleschooleducationinChina,Isensedmanygreatdifferences.IthoughtthatschoolinChinawas

toohardforusstudents,and3.wedidn’tgettodoenoughfunexerciseexceptrunningaroundplaygroundstogether.Mymomhadalongtalkw

ithme.Afterthat,IrealizedthatthoughhighschoollifeinChinaisharder,itcangiveus4.(much).Thepressurehelpsusl

earnthetruemeaningofcompetition5.westepintosociety.Itgivesusastrongheartand6.(teach)ustostepforwardnomatterwhatthe7.(real)is.I

t’slikeclimbingamountain.Youmightfeeldizzyandnervous,butthetopisalwaysthere8.(wait)foryouaslongasyouarestrongenough9.(take)onemorestep.

Wecomplain10.(main)becausewecan’tseethewholepicture.Weallneedtounderstandthatsuccesstakeseffortsandtears.答案及剖析:1.voices考查名词复数。把中

国的教育方式与美国的相比时,我们总是能听到各种声音(voices)。2.for考查介词的用法。固定短语:excusefor作为„„的借口。3.that考查关系代词的用法。此处由and连接两个并列宾语从句,第二个

从句前的that不可省略。4.more考查比较级。根据上文的isharder可知,此处表示“给予我们更多”。故填more。5.before考查连词的用法。根据句意,压力让我们在进入社会之前学到了竞争的意义,可知填before。6.teaches考查动词的时态。It作主语,由an

d连接的两个并列谓语时态一致,此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。填teaches。7.reality考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词,real的名词形式为reality。8.waiting考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作伴随状语,表示主动。9.totake考查非谓语动词。

此处是enoughtodosth.结构。这里用不定式totake作目的状语。10.mainly考查副词。修饰动词complain用副词形式,故填mainly。Ⅲ.短文改错Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutwhatIlive.

ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmyminds.WhenIwasastudent,myteachertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonliveintheseawhenitgrows.Itr

eturnsbacktoitsbirthplaceannualtobearitsbaby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimforthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofaba

ndonit,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIamdepressingbecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisst

oryanddecidedtokeeponstruggling.答案:Theword“struggle”makesmethinkaboutIlive.ItremindsmeastorythatIcan’tgetoutofmy.WhenIwasas

tudent,myteachertoldtheclassastoryabout“astrugglingsalmon”.Asalmonintheseawhenitgrows.Itreturnsbacktoitsbirthplacetobearitsb

aby.Itisnoteasyforasalmontodosobecauseithastoswimthecurrentofwater,soalotdieonthewayback.Insteadofit

,itstrugglesonandon.Thelessonitteacheshasaffectedmylife.Sometimes,whenIambecauselifeisdifficult,Irememberthisstoryandtokeeponstru

ggling.剖析:live为不及物动词,在此应用how引导宾语从句,在从句中作状语。remindsb.of/aboutsth.为固定搭配。mind是不可数名词,意为“脑海”。Asalmon作主语,谓语动词应用第

三人称单数,故live改为lives。returntosomeplace“回归某地”,固定搭配。annually在句中作状语。swimagainstthecurrent,逆流而游。介词of后跟v.-ing形式作

宾语。表示人情绪失落用形容词depressed。由前文remember可知此处时态用一般现在时,故decided改为decide。