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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018宁波十校高三模拟)Weliveinasocietywheremanypeopletendtohave“blackandwhitethinking”andextremethinking.Everydayanew

headlineannouncesacertainfoodisbadandruiningourhealth,whilepraisesanotherfoodofitsamazingbenefits.Eachyear,news

tudiesinnutritionsciencecomeout,manyofwhichareagainstearlierfindings.Additionally,wearetoldtheliethatifweeatthe“correctfoods”andfoll

owasetofrules,wewillgainhealthandhappiness.We’veallheardsomeonesaying,“Iateabrownie(巧克力蛋糕)andIwassobadtoday.”Someonefeelsthatwhattheye

atdetermineswhethertheyarea“good”or“bad”person.Forinstance,someonemightalsosay,“IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis.”However,foodisn’tgoodorbad.W

hatyouchoosetoeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforeatingabrownieisthatyoustoleitfromthestore.Beside

s,theideathatyoushouldn’teatlaterintheeveningisanutritionmyth.Ourmetabolism(代谢)keepsrunning24hoursaday.Rules(liketellingyours

elfwhentostopeating)createfearandasensethatyoucannottrustwithfood.Consistentlyfuelingyourbodyeveryfewhoursespecia

llywhenyouarehungrywillallowyoutofeelyourbest.Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforeheadingtobed,eatsomecheeseandcrackers.Inmyopinion,mentalhealthisanim

portantpartofone’soverallhealth.Ithinkwecanallagreethatbeingterrifiedtoeatsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy.Rathertha

nfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility.1.Wecanjudgewhetherapersonis“good”or“bad”by.A.thesourceofthefoodB.thetimewhe

ntheyeattheirfoodC.theperson’spreferenceforfoodD.thethingstheyputintheirfood2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’swrongforpeopl

etoeatanythinglateintheevening.B.It’simportanttokeepabalanceddietforpeople’shealth.C.Fearofsomefoodisanimportantreflectionofmental

health.D.Parentswhogivechildrenbadfoodarebadparents.3.Whatseemstobetheauthor’sattitudetowardtheprese

ntthoughtsaboutfood?A.DisapprovingB.FavorableC.ReservedD.Objective语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者表明了自己对当下的一些饮食原则的看法,我们应更多地关注饮食平衡、饮食多样性和灵活性。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。由文章第二段内容“f

oodisn’tgoodorbad.Whatyouchoosetoeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforea

tingabrownieisthatyoustoleitfromthestore”可知,作者认为判断一个人好坏得依据食物来源而不是食物本身,故选A。2.B推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforeheadingtobed,eatsomechee

seandcrackers.”可知A项叙述错误;由文章最后一句“Ratherthanfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility”可知,作者认为平衡饮食对健康很重要,故B项正确;由文章最后一段第二句“Ithinkwec

anallagreethatbeingterrifiedtoeatsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy”可知C项叙述不正确;由文章第二段内容“someonemightalsosay,‘IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis.’However,

foodisn’tgoodorbad.”可知,作者认为食物的好坏并不能决定一个人的好坏,D项不正确。3.A观点态度题。由文章第一段和最后一段可知,作者并不赞同当下的一些有关饮食的说法,故选A。B(2018江西师范大学附属中学高三三模)Ifyouthinkthatrunn

ingmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslike

lytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedea

thratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoand

ahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststh

atpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisi

sbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearch

erinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekat

amoderatepaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimplicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaic

hi,yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triathlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJ

acobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsy

oushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.4.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.hardB.regularC.practica

lD.flexible5.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to.A.suggestgivingupjoggingB.showrisksofdoingsportsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.introd

ucetheresearchprocess6.Accordingtothescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharmful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.I

tcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromth

etext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersareleastlikelytodie.D.Properexer

cisecontributestogoodhealth.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。答案及剖析:4.A词义猜测题。由第一段“Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoave

rystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.”可知,一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死,故选A。5.C推理判断题。

第二段所举的例子主要是为了证明第一段所提出的观点,所以在第二段列举一些数字为观点提供有力的证据,故选C。6.A细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexer

cisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).”可知,做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉,故选A。7.D推理判断题。根据第三段可知,做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益,故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018河北

衡水中学高三三模)TsinghuaUniversitywasestablishedin1911,originallyunderthename“TsinghuaXuetang”.Theschoolwasrenamed“TsinghuaSchool”in1912.Theuniversityse

ction1.(found)in1925.Thename“NationalTsinghuaUniversity”wasadoptedin1928.TsinghuaUniversitywasforced2.(move)toKunmingandjoinwit

hPekingUniversityandNankaiUniversitytoformtheSouthwestAssociatedUniversityduetotheResistanceWar3.theJ

apaneseInvasionin1937.In1946theuniversitywasmovedbacktoits4.(origin)locationinBeijingafterthewar.InN

ovember1952,Mr.JiangNanxiang5.(become)thePresidentoftheUniversity.HemadeasignificantcontributioninleadingTsinghuatobecomethenationalce

nterfor6.(train)greatengineersand7.(scientist).8.Chinaopeneduptotheworldin1978,TsinghuaUniversityhasdevelopedatabreathtakingpaceintoarese

archuniversity.TensofthousandsofstudentshavegraduatedfromTsinghuasinceitsfounding,among9.aremanyoutstandingscholars,excellentbusinesspersonsandgreats

tatesmen10.(respect)bytheirfellowChinesecitizens.答案及剖析:1.wasfounded考查时态和语态。文章描述过去发生的事情,主语是第三人称单数,且与动词是被动

关系。2.tomove考查非谓语动词。beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。3.against考查介词。介词against意为“抵抗;反对”。4.original考查词性转换。形容词作定语修饰名词location。5.became考

查时态。文章讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。6.training考查非谓语动词。介词后接动名词作宾语。7.scientists考查名词复数。名词作宾语,and表并列,engineers指人,scientist“科学家”是可数名词,和engineers并列,用复数。8

.Since考查连词。since引导时间状语从句。置句首单词首字母大写。9.whom考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词students,关系词在从句中作介词宾语,指人,故用关系代词whom。10.respected考查非谓语动词。分析句

子结构可知,此处作定语修饰名词statesman,并与其存在被动关系,故用过去分词respected,并与bytheirfellowChinesecitizens一起作后置定语。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018山西太原二模)假定你是李华,你的英

国朋友Mark希望向你了解国画的有关知识,原定见面时间,因故需要推迟,请给Mark写一封邮件,说明情况。要点包括:1.表示歉意并说明原因;2.重约见面讨论时间;3.推荐先参观国画展览。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearMark,Yours,Li

HuaOnepossibleversion:DearMark,Ihatetosaysorry,butthereisachangeinmyschoolarrangements.SoIamafraidIwo

n’tbeabletokeepmyappointmenttodiscusstraditionalChinesepaintingswithyouthisFriday.Isincerelyapologizetoyouforanyinconveniencecausedbytheunexpecte

dchange.IsuggestweputitoffuntilnextThursday.Willthatbefineforyou?GoodnewsisthatanexhibitionofChinesepaintingsistobehe

ldthisweekend.Worksbysomenationwidefamouspainterswillbeincludedintheexhibits.Avisittherewilldefinitelyhelpbetteryourunderstandingof

thepaintings.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua