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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018宁波十校高三模拟)Weliveinasocietywheremanypeopletendtohave“blackandwhitethinking”andextremethinking.Ever

ydayanewheadlineannouncesacertainfoodisbadandruiningourhealth,whilepraisesanotherfoodofitsamazingbenefits.Eachyear,newstu

diesinnutritionsciencecomeout,manyofwhichareagainstearlierfindings.Additionally,wearetoldtheliethatifweeatthe“correctfoods”

andfollowasetofrules,wewillgainhealthandhappiness.We’veallheardsomeonesaying,“Iateabrownie(巧克力蛋糕)andIwassobadtoday.”Someonefeelst

hatwhattheyeatdetermineswhethertheyarea“good”or“bad”person.Forinstance,someonemightalsosay,“IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis

.”However,foodisn’tgoodorbad.Whatyouchoosetoeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforeatingabro

wnieisthatyoustoleitfromthestore.Besides,theideathatyoushouldn’teatlaterintheeveningisanutritionmyth.Ourmetabolism(代谢)keepsrunnin

g24hoursaday.Rules(liketellingyourselfwhentostopeating)createfearandasensethatyoucannottrustwithfood.Consistentlyf

uelingyourbodyeveryfewhoursespeciallywhenyouarehungrywillallowyoutofeelyourbest.Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforehea

dingtobed,eatsomecheeseandcrackers.Inmyopinion,mentalhealthisanimportantpartofone’soverallhealth.Ithinkwecanallagreethatbeingterrifiedtoea

tsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy.Ratherthanfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility.1.Wecanjudgewhetherapersonis“good”or“bad”b

y.A.thesourceofthefoodB.thetimewhentheyeattheirfoodC.theperson’spreferenceforfoodD.thethingstheyputint

heirfood2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’swrongforpeopletoeatanythinglateintheevening.B.It’simp

ortanttokeepabalanceddietforpeople’shealth.C.Fearofsomefoodisanimportantreflectionofmentalhealth.D.Parentswhog

ivechildrenbadfoodarebadparents.3.Whatseemstobetheauthor’sattitudetowardthepresentthoughtsaboutfood?A.DisapprovingB.FavorableC.R

eservedD.Objective语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者表明了自己对当下的一些饮食原则的看法,我们应更多地关注饮食平衡、饮食多样性和灵活性。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。由文章第二段内容“foodisn’tgoodorbad.Whatyouchoose

toeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforeatingabrownieisthatyoustoleitfromth

estore”可知,作者认为判断一个人好坏得依据食物来源而不是食物本身,故选A。2.B推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforeheadingtobed,eatsomecheese

andcrackers.”可知A项叙述错误;由文章最后一句“Ratherthanfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility”可知,作者认为平衡饮食对健

康很重要,故B项正确;由文章最后一段第二句“Ithinkwecanallagreethatbeingterrifiedtoeatsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy”可知C项叙述不正确;由文章第二段内容“some

onemightalsosay,‘IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis.’However,foodisn’tgoodorbad.”可知,作者认为食物的好坏并不能决定一个人的好坏,D项不正确。3.A观点态度题。由文章第一段和最后一段可知,作者并

不赞同当下的一些有关饮食的说法,故选A。B(2018江西师范大学附属中学高三三模)Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newrese

archmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodiea

speoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatetha

tpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwa

sfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasn

on-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandar

teries(动脉).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimproveli

feexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekatamoderatepaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theimpl

icationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi,yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triat

hlonsandlong-distancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youd

on’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourhealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.4.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1is

closestinmeaningto“”.A.hardB.regularC.practicalD.flexible5.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to.A.suggestgivingupjoggingB.showrisksofdoings

portsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.introducetheresearchprocess6.Accordingtothescientists,whyistoomuchexerciseharm

ful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsume

stoomuchenergy.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunners

areleastlikelytodie.D.Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。答案及剖析:4.A词义猜测题。由第一段“A

ccordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.”可知,一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能

死,故选A。5.C推理判断题。第二段所举的例子主要是为了证明第一段所提出的观点,所以在第二段列举一些数字为观点提供有力的证据,故选C。6.A细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausess

tructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).”可知,做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉,故选A。7.D推理判断题。根据第三段可知,做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才

对身体有益,故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018河北衡水中学高三三模)TsinghuaUniversitywasestablishedin1911,originallyunderthename“TsinghuaXuetang”.Theschoo

lwasrenamed“TsinghuaSchool”in1912.Theuniversitysection1.(found)in1925.Thename“NationalTsinghuaUniversity”wasadoptedin19

28.TsinghuaUniversitywasforced2.(move)toKunmingandjoinwithPekingUniversityandNankaiUniversitytoformtheSouthwestAssociatedUniversityduetotheRe

sistanceWar3.theJapaneseInvasionin1937.In1946theuniversitywasmovedbacktoits4.(origin)locationinBeijingafterthewar.InNovember1952

,Mr.JiangNanxiang5.(become)thePresidentoftheUniversity.HemadeasignificantcontributioninleadingTsinghuatobecomethenational

centerfor6.(train)greatengineersand7.(scientist).8.Chinaopeneduptotheworldin1978,TsinghuaUniversityhasdevelopedata

breathtakingpaceintoaresearchuniversity.TensofthousandsofstudentshavegraduatedfromTsinghuasinceitsfounding,among9.aremanyoutstan

dingscholars,excellentbusinesspersonsandgreatstatesmen10.(respect)bytheirfellowChinesecitizens.答案及剖析:1.wasfounded考查时态和语态。文章描述

过去发生的事情,主语是第三人称单数,且与动词是被动关系。2.tomove考查非谓语动词。beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。3.against考查介词。介词against意为“抵抗;反对”

。4.original考查词性转换。形容词作定语修饰名词location。5.became考查时态。文章讲述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。6.training考查非谓语动词。介词后接动名词作宾语。7.scientists考查名词复数。名词

作宾语,and表并列,engineers指人,scientist“科学家”是可数名词,和engineers并列,用复数。8.Since考查连词。since引导时间状语从句。置句首单词首字母大写。9.whom考查非限制

性定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词students,关系词在从句中作介词宾语,指人,故用关系代词whom。10.respected考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作定语修饰名词statesman,并与其存在被动关系,故用过去分词respected,

并与bytheirfellowChinesecitizens一起作后置定语。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018山西太原二模)假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Mark希望向你了解国画的有关知识,原定见面时间,因故需要推迟,请给Mark写一封邮件,说明情况。要点包括:1.

表示歉意并说明原因;2.重约见面讨论时间;3.推荐先参观国画展览。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearMark,Yours,LiHuaOnepossibleversion:DearMark,

Ihatetosaysorry,butthereisachangeinmyschoolarrangements.SoIamafraidIwon’tbeabletokeepmyappointmenttodiscusstraditionalChinesepainti

ngswithyouthisFriday.Isincerelyapologizetoyouforanyinconveniencecausedbytheunexpectedchange.Isuggestweputitoffu

ntilnextThursday.Willthatbefineforyou?GoodnewsisthatanexhibitionofChinesepaintingsistobeheldthisweekend.Worksbysomenationwidefamou

spainterswillbeincludedintheexhibits.Avisittherewilldefinitelyhelpbetteryourunderstandingofthepaintings.Lookingforw

ardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua