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能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018宁波十校高三模拟)Weliveinasocietywheremanypeopletendtohave“blackandwhitethinking”andextre

methinking.Everydayanewheadlineannouncesacertainfoodisbadandruiningourhealth,whilepraisesanotherfoodofitsamazingbenefits.Eachyear,newstud

iesinnutritionsciencecomeout,manyofwhichareagainstearlierfindings.Additionally,wearetoldtheliethatifweeatthe“correctfoods”andfollowasetof

rules,wewillgainhealthandhappiness.We’veallheardsomeonesaying,“Iateabrownie(巧克力蛋糕)andIwassobadtoday.”Someonefeelsthatwhattheyeatdete

rmineswhethertheyarea“good”or“bad”person.Forinstance,someonemightalsosay,“IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis.”However,foodisn’tgoodorb

ad.Whatyouchoosetoeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforeatingabrownieisthatyoustoleitfromthestore.Besi

des,theideathatyoushouldn’teatlaterintheeveningisanutritionmyth.Ourmetabolism(代谢)keepsrunning24hoursaday.Rules(liketellingyourselfwhentostope

ating)createfearandasensethatyoucannottrustwithfood.Consistentlyfuelingyourbodyeveryfewhoursespeciallywhenyouarehungrywillallowy

outofeelyourbest.Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforeheadingtobed,eatsomecheeseandcrackers.Inmyopinion,mentalhealt

hisanimportantpartofone’soverallhealth.Ithinkwecanallagreethatbeingterrifiedtoeatsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy.Rathert

hanfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility.1.Wecanjudgewhetherapersonis“good”or“bad”by.A.thesourceofthefoodB.thetimewhentheyeatthei

rfoodC.theperson’spreferenceforfoodD.thethingstheyputintheirfood2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’swrongforpeo

pletoeatanythinglateintheevening.B.It’simportanttokeepabalanceddietforpeople’shealth.C.Fearofsomefoodisanimportantreflectionofment

alhealth.D.Parentswhogivechildrenbadfoodarebadparents.3.Whatseemstobetheauthor’sattitudetowardthepresentthoughtsaboutfood

?A.DisapprovingB.FavorableC.ReservedD.Objective语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。作者表明了自己对当下的一些饮食原则的看法,我们应更多地关注饮食平衡、饮食多样性和灵活性。答案及剖析:1.A细节理解题。

由文章第二段内容“foodisn’tgoodorbad.Whatyouchoosetoeatdoesnotdetermineyourvalueorworthasahumanbeing.Theonlyreasontofeelguiltyforeatingabrow

nieisthatyoustoleitfromthestore”可知,作者认为判断一个人好坏得依据食物来源而不是食物本身,故选A。2.B推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“Sowhenyoufeelhungrybeforeheadingtobed,eatsomecheeseandcracker

s.”可知A项叙述错误;由文章最后一句“Ratherthanfocusingonfoodrules,aimforbalance,varietyandflexibility”可知,作者认为平衡饮食对健康很重要,故B项正确;由文章最后一段第二句“Ithinkwecanal

lagreethatbeingterrifiedtoeatsomefoodisnotmentallyhealthy”可知C项叙述不正确;由文章第二段内容“someonemightalsosay,‘IamagoodparentifIfeedmychildthis.’However,foodisn

’tgoodorbad.”可知,作者认为食物的好坏并不能决定一个人的好坏,D项不正确。3.A观点态度题。由文章第一段和最后一段可知,作者并不赞同当下的一些有关饮食的说法,故选A。B(2018江西师范大学附属中学高三三模)Ifyouthinkthatrunni

ngmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutare

aslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggersandnon-jogge

rsfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoanda

halfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesawee

korathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestothehe

artandarteries(动脉).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaserisk

ofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtimesaweekatamoderatepaceisagoodstrategy.Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary,anditmaybeharmful.”Theim

plicationsofthisarethatmoderateformsofexercisesuchastaichi,yogaandbriskwalkingmaybebetterforusthan“ironman”events,triathlonsandlong-dis

tancerunningandcycling.AccordingtoJacobLouisMarott,anotherresearcherinvolvedinthestudy,“Youdon’tactuallyhavetodothatmuchtohaveagoodimpactonyourh

ealth.Andperhapsyoushouldn’tactuallydotoomuch”.4.Theunderlinedword“strenuous”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaning

to“”.A.hardB.regularC.practicalD.flexible5.TheauthorpresentssomefiguresinParagraph2to.A.suggestgivingupjoggingB.showri

sksofdoingsportsC.providesupportiveevidenceD.introducetheresearchprocess6.Accordingtothescientists,whyisto

omuchexerciseharmful?A.Itmayinjuretheheartandarteries.B.Itcanmakethebodytiredout.C.Itwillbringmuchpressure.D.Itconsumestoomuchenergy.7.Whatcanbeinf

erredfromthetext?A.Noexerciseatallisthebestchoice.B.Moreexercisemeansahealthierlife.C.Marathonsrunnersare

leastlikelytodie.D.Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。答案及剖析:4.A词义

猜测题。由第一段“Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhod

onoexerciseatall.”可知,一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死,故选A。5.C推理判断题。第二段所举的例子主要是为了证明第一段所提出的观点,所以在第二段列举一些数字为观点提供有力的证据,故选C。6.A细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“T

hescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).”可知,做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉,

故选A。7.D推理判断题。根据第三段可知,做运动过多或过少都对身体有害,只有做适量的运动才对身体有益,故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018河北衡水中学高三三模)TsinghuaUniversitywasestablishedin1911,ori

ginallyunderthename“TsinghuaXuetang”.Theschoolwasrenamed“TsinghuaSchool”in1912.Theuniversitysection1.(found)in

1925.Thename“NationalTsinghuaUniversity”wasadoptedin1928.TsinghuaUniversitywasforced2.(move)toKunmingandjoinwithPekingUniversitya

ndNankaiUniversitytoformtheSouthwestAssociatedUniversityduetotheResistanceWar3.theJapaneseInvasionin1937.I

n1946theuniversitywasmovedbacktoits4.(origin)locationinBeijingafterthewar.InNovember1952,Mr.JiangNanxiang5.(become)thePresidentoft

heUniversity.HemadeasignificantcontributioninleadingTsinghuatobecomethenationalcenterfor6.(train)greatengineersand7.(scientist).8.Chinaopeneduptot

heworldin1978,TsinghuaUniversityhasdevelopedatabreathtakingpaceintoaresearchuniversity.Tensofthousandsofstudentshave

graduatedfromTsinghuasinceitsfounding,among9.aremanyoutstandingscholars,excellentbusinesspersonsandgreatst

atesmen10.(respect)bytheirfellowChinesecitizens.答案及剖析:1.wasfounded考查时态和语态。文章描述过去发生的事情,主语是第三人称单数,且与动词是被动关系。2.tomove考查非谓语动词。

beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。3.against考查介词。介词against意为“抵抗;反对”。4.original考查词性转换。形容词作定语修饰名词location。5.became考查时态。文章讲述过去发生的

事情,用一般过去时。6.training考查非谓语动词。介词后接动名词作宾语。7.scientists考查名词复数。名词作宾语,and表并列,engineers指人,scientist“科学家”是可数名词,和engineers并列,用复数。8

.Since考查连词。since引导时间状语从句。置句首单词首字母大写。9.whom考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词students,关系词在从句中作介词宾语,指人,故用关系代词whom。10.respected考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作定语修饰名词

statesman,并与其存在被动关系,故用过去分词respected,并与bytheirfellowChinesecitizens一起作后置定语。Ⅲ.书面表达(2018山西太原二模)假定你是李华,你的

英国朋友Mark希望向你了解国画的有关知识,原定见面时间,因故需要推迟,请给Mark写一封邮件,说明情况。要点包括:1.表示歉意并说明原因;2.重约见面讨论时间;3.推荐先参观国画展览。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,

以使行文连贯。DearMark,Yours,LiHuaOnepossibleversion:DearMark,Ihatetosaysorry,butthereisachangeinmyschoolarrange

ments.SoIamafraidIwon’tbeabletokeepmyappointmenttodiscusstraditionalChinesepaintingswithyouthisFriday.Isincerelyapolo

gizetoyouforanyinconveniencecausedbytheunexpectedchange.IsuggestweputitoffuntilnextThursday.Willthatbefinefory

ou?GoodnewsisthatanexhibitionofChinesepaintingsistobeheldthisweekend.Worksbysomenationwidefamouspainterswillbeincludedintheexhibi

ts.Avisittherewilldefinitelyhelpbetteryourunderstandingofthepaintings.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua