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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures过去分词作表语和状语1．(教材P52)Born(bear)intheUSAon2January1970,Whitacrebeganstudy

ingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988．2．(教材P52)Moved(move)bythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime．”3．(教材P56)

IwasveryafraidandIfeltsoaloneanddiscouraged(discourage)．4．(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage)bythisfirstperformanceandthepositive

reactionoftheaudience,Ihavecontinuedtoplaythepianoandenjoyitmoreeveryday．过去分词作表语1．过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,f

eel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态◆Tomwasastonishedtoseeasnakemovingacrossthefloor．汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。◆Finallythebaby

felttiredofplayingwiththosetoys．终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，

强调动作。◆Thelibraryisnowclosed．(状态)图书馆现在关闭了。◆Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday．(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。3

．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到„„的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人„„的”。◆Wewereamazedatwhathesaidatthemeeting．我们对他在会

上讲的话很是惊讶。◆Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged．他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即

“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：exciting令人激动的excited激动的；兴奋的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的delighting令人高兴的deli

ghted高兴的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人害怕的frightened受惊的，害怕的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴

趣的moving感人的，令人感动的moved受感动的pleasing令人满意的pleased满意的shocking令人震惊的shocked感到震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying

令人担心的worried感到担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled感到迷惑的◆Themanstandingtherelooksf

rightening,andthelittleboyisfrightened．站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕，小男孩吓着了。◆Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholeni

ght．这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。【典例1】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel____________(challen

ge)．解析：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challengedadj．受到挑战的；challengingadj．困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。答案：challenge

d过去分词作状语过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式/伴随和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1．过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,whil

e,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。◆Lookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmorebeautiful．→Whenitislookedatfromadistance,thepaintingseemsmuchmoreb

eautiful．当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。◆Askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding．→Whenhewasaske

dforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding．当被问到对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他发现它既有趣又有意义。2．过去分词作原因状语过去分

词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。◆Worriedabouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays．→BecauseIwasworried

abouttheexam,Iwasunsettledinthesedays．由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。3．过去分词作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。◆Grown

inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast．→Iftheyaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast．如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。◆Givenafewminutes,I’llfinishtherepor

t．→IfIamgivenafewminutes,I’llfinishthereport．再给我几分钟的时间，我就会完成这个报告。4．过去分词作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。◆En

couragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthedifficulties．→Thoughhewasencouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthediffic

ulties．尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。◆Invitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty．→ThoughIwasinvitedbyhim,Iwon’ttakepartinthepart

y．即使被他邀请，我也不会参加聚会。5．过去分词作方式/伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。◆Thepatientgotoffthebed,supportedbythenurse．→Thepatientg

otoffthebed,andhewassupportedbythenurse．那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。◆Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved．→Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved．她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。值得注意

的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);dressedin(穿着);tire

dof(厌烦)。◆Lostinthought,hedidn’thearthebell．由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。【典例2】(2018·北京卷)Ordinarysoap，____________(us

e)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively．解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正确，就可以有效除菌。use与其逻辑主语为被动关系，故填过去分词used。答案：used过去分词

与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-

ing，被动用-ed。◆Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold．(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。◆Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful．(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。【典例3】(2018

·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent,____________(wait)toseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud．解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。主语Everyone与wait为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，

故填waiting。答案：waitingⅠ单句语法填空1．Yesterdayweweredeeplymoved(move)bythemoviedirectedbyZhangYimou．2．Iamverydelighted(delig

ht)atthenewsthatmybrothergotthefirstplaceinthelong-distancerace．3．Wewereallinspiredbytheinspiringspeechmadebythewell-knownteacher．

(inspire)4．Myparentsweresatisfied(satisfy)withtheplanforoursummervacation．5．Tonyisreallyamusingandtellsjo

keswhenhethinkswe’regettingbored(bore)．6．Guided(guide)byanartist,thegirlmadegreatprogress．7．Thoughdefeated(defeat)man

ytimes,themandidn’tloseheart．8．Worried(worry)abouttheirchildren’ssafety,parentstogetherwiththeteacherswentintothemountainsinsea

rchofthelost(lose)students．9．Praised(praise)bytheheadteacher,Amywasexcitedallday．10．Completelyexamined(examine)bythedoctors,Mr．Leewentbacktoworkrigh

tnow．Ⅱ句型转换1．Whenitisseenfromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful．→Seen_from_the_hill,_thetownlooksmorebeautiful．2．Whenhewasaskedabouttheaccident,Mr．Bla

ckburstintotears．→When_askedabouttheaccident,Mr．Blackburstintotears．3．Mr．Yang,whowasdeeplymoved,thankedthekidsaga

inandagain．→Mr．Yang，deeply_moved,_thankedthekidsagainandagain．4．Ihavereadthebooktwice,whichwaswrittenbyafam

ousBritishwriter．→Ihavereadthebookwritten_byafamousBritishwritertwice．5．Astheywereinfluencedbythewarm-heartedworker’sexample,the

coupledidcountlessgooddeeds．→Influenced_bythewarm-heartedworker’sexample,thecoupledidcountlessgooddeeds．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Inthe

irsparetime,theyareinterested(interest)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden．2．Weallfeltexcited(excite)thatWuDajingwonthefirstgoldmedalforourcountryat

the2018PyeongchangWinterOlympics．3．Wefeelhonoured(honour)tohaveyouhereinourEnglishWeekActivities．4．Greatlytouched(touch)bythe

teacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelpclassmates．5．Hearing(hear)thebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom．6．Divided

(divide)intothreegroups,thestudentsbegantodiscussthetopicleftoverlasttime．7．Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachance

tobecomefamous．8．Supported(support)byhisbrothers,hecouldcontinuehisstudyintheuniversity．9．Seen(see)fromthetopofathirty-storeybuild

ing,Beijinglooksmoresplendid．10．Given(give)enoughwaterandsunlight,theplantwillgrowtothreemetres．11．Faced(face)withad

ifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice．12．Judging(judge)fromthenumberofcars,thereweremanypeopleatthemeeting．Ⅱ阅读理解SinceIwasborn,I

havebeenlisteningtomusicallthetime．Notjustanymusic,buttherightkindofmusic．Itmayseemstrangetosaythat,buthearinggoodmusicplayedwellb

yabigmusicgroupissomethingthatalotofpeoplenolongerexperience．Mostpeoplearemusicallyilliterate(了解不多的)simplybecausethey

haveneverhadanychancetolistentogoodmusic．Manypeopleareunfamiliarwiththesoundofasymphonyorchestra(交响乐团)．Theyonlyhearorchestramusicwhilew

atchingadsandfilms．Buttomeasymphonyorchestraisthebiggestinstrumentintheworld．Tohearafullsymphonyorchestraonstageandtofeelthepowerofth

esound—itislikeabigwave．ItisanamazingexperienceanditisonethatIwasluckyenoughtogrowupwith．Mymotherwasawell-knowns

inger．ShehadbeenamemberoftheViennaStateOperaandtheBudapestStateOperaandasababyIwastakenalongtoconcertsandsta

ges．Iwasnotnecessarilylisteningtoclassicalmusicbutalwaysgoodmusicplayedwell．Mymotherwasthesixteenthchildinherfam

ily．Shewastheyoungestandbythetimeshewasborn,heroldestsisteralsohadachildwithwhomshesharedabed．Withsomanylovingfamilies

aroundher,mymothergrewuphappilytobeacheerfulwoman．BecauseIlostmyfatherwhenIwasveryyoung,Idonotremembermuchabouthim．WhatIdoknowislargelywha

tIhavebeentoldbymymother．Iamlikehiminmanyways．Hewasobviouslyaveryseriousman,alwaysappearingsad．Iseemtohaveinherited(继承)somethingofthatfromhim．Fortu

nately,Iinheritedfarmoreofmymother’shappiness—arealshowbusinesspersonality(性格)．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈作为音乐工作者让作者有机

会欣赏高质量的音乐作品。1．Whydoestheauthorthinkthatmostpeoplearemusicallyilliterate?A．Theyarenotinterestedinmusic．B．Theydon’tlistento

musicveryoften．C．Theycan’ttellgoodmusicfrombadmusic．D．Theyhavenochancetolistentowell-playedmusic．D解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的

Mostpeoplearemusicallyilliterate(了解不多的)simplybecausetheyhaveneverhadanychancetolistentogoodmusic．可知，多数人都没有机会接触高质量高水准的音乐作品。2．Whatd

oestheauthorthinkofhearingasymphonyorchestraonstage?A．Itinspireshimtogetonstageoneday．B．Itmakeshimfeellikegettingstuckinabigwave．C．It’sverydifferentf

romhearingorchestramusicinfilms．D．Itcancreatethesamefeelingaswatchingpowerfulads．C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Theyo

nlyhearorchestramusicwhilewatchingadsandfilms．．．itislikeabigwave．可知，现场听交响乐表演和听电影中的交响乐体验是完全不同的。3．Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthorasababy?A．Hehe

lpedhismotheralot．B．Helearnedmusicfromhismother．C．Hewenttohismother’sworkplace．D．Helistenedtoclassicalmusiceveryday．C解析：细

节理解题。由第三段中的asababyIwastakenalongtoconcertsandstages可知，作者常常被妈妈带到工作的地方。4．Whatwouldtheauthorprobablyliketodointhefuture?A．Tobeateacher．B．Tobeastag

eplayer．C．Tobeanaddesigner．D．Tobeabusinessman．B解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的arealshowbusinesspersonality可知，作者有可能成

为舞台表演者。Ⅲ七选五Decidingwhetherornottotakepartinanextracurricular(课外的)activitycanbeachallenge(挑战)．Beforesignin

guptoplayonthevolleyballteam,firstconsidertheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsuchadecision．1．________Studentsaresuccessfulw

hentheytakepartinmanyactivities．Theydowellintheirclassesandfeelmoreconnectedtoschool．Researchshowsthats

tudentsinextracurricularactivitieshavebetterattendanceandgrades．Extracurricularactivitiesalsohelpstudentsmakenewfriendsandl

astingrelationships．2．________Eventhoughwebecamefriendsalongtimeago,wearestillclosetoday．Whiletheseactivitieshave

manyadvantages,studentsshouldconsiderthedownsideaswell．3．________Extracurricularactivitiescanbetoomuchforstudentswhodonotpract

isegoodtimemanagement．Studentsneedtobegoodatmanagingtheirtimebetweendifferentactivities．Anotherdownsidetoextracurricularactivitiesinvolvestra

nsportation．4．________Thissituationlimitsstudents’extracurricularchoicestothoseoutsidetheschoolandclosertohome．Afewofmyc

lassmatesjoinedtheschool’sculturalclub．Theylaterdiscoveredthatitmetafterschool．Thesestudentsdroppedoutoftheclubbecause

theyhadtocatchtheirbuses．Onlyyoucandecideifextracurricularactivitiesarerightforyou．Activitiesoutsidetheschoolcanhelpyousucceedinmany

areasofyourlife．5．________Areyouupforachallenge?A．Wewerebothintheeight-and-underagegroup．B．Someclubsorsportsmeetbefore

orafterschool．C．Onedownsideisthatitcancreateabusylifeforstudents．D．Manystudentsaretiredfromallthethingstheyhavetodo．E．Takingpa

rtinextracurricularactivitieshasmanyadvantages．F．ImetmybestfriendwhenwewereontheYMCAswimteam．G．However,youneedgoodtimemanagementskillstodealwithabu

sylife．【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。要不要参加课外活动对于许多学生来说是个需要权衡利弊的问题。1．E解析：本空为本段的主题句，本段主要阐述了参加课外活动的学生们在学习方面表现更突出，即参加课外活动的好处。2．F解析：本空是对前一句的举例说明

，且下一句中的webecamefriends与F项中的Imetmybestfriend在语意上相关。3．C解析：由本空前一句可知，本段开始阐述参加课外活动的弊端；而本空后面的内容是对本空的进一步解释说明，阐述的是其中一个弊端，即让学生们更繁忙。4．

B解析：B项内容与下一句形成因果关系，本空后面的Thissituation指代B项内容。5．G解析：本空前一句与G项内容形成转折关系，即课外活动虽有好处，但学生们需要恰当巧妙地安排时间，以应对繁忙的生活。Ⅳ语法填空Trafficj

ams(堵塞)areacommonprobleminlargercities．Insomecities,trafficjamsgetsobadduringrushhoursthatitissometimes1．____________(fast)t

owalkthantodrive．Trafficaccidentsarealsoaproblem．Sadlytheseproblemsarenoteasytosolve．However,atrafficsystem(系统)beingtestedinseveralcitiesinNorth

ernEuropehasledtosomesurprising2．____________(result)．Thesystem3．____________(call)“shared-streets”．Itisasystemthathasveryfewtrafficlaws．Asaresu

lt,shared-streetareashavenotrafficlightsorstreetsigns．Althoughmostpeoplewouldexpectthistocausethenumberoftrafficjamsandaccidents4．______

______(go)up,untilnow5．____________hasbeenagreatdropinboth．Onereason6．____________(be)thatthesharedstreets-s

ystemencouragespeopletobemore7．____________(care)．Withouttrafficrules,peopleslowdownandpaymoreattent

ion8．____________eachother．Normaltrafficsystems,ontheotherhand,dependonsigns,9．____________peopleoftenmissordon’

tfollow,leadingtoaccidents．Also,thesharedstreetssystemdecreases(减少)trafficjamsbecausewithoutfixed(固定的)parkingspaces,it

iseasierforcarstomovearound10．____________(free)whenthereisalotoftraffic．1．faster解析：考查形容词比较级。设空处所在句意为“在高峰期有时步行比开车还快”，设空

处应用fast的比较级，故填faster。2．results解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“结果”，由其前的some可知，此处应用名词复数，故填results。3．iscalled解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。system与call构成逻辑上的被动

关系，且此处介绍的是一般情况，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。4．togo解析：考查动词不定式作宾补的用法。causesth．todosth．意为“使某物做某事”。5．there解析：考查therebe结构。both在此指代traffic

jams和accidents，设空处所在句意为“到目前为止，交通堵塞和交通事故都有大幅度的减少”，故填there。therebe表示“存在”。6．is解析：考查主谓一致。此处描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时，因为主语是Onereason，故填is。7．careful解析：考查形容词作表语的用

法。more与设空处作表语，由slowdown可知，设空处表示“小心的”，故填形容词careful。8．to解析：考查介词。设空处所在句意为“没有交通规则，人们往往会放慢速度，注意其他车辆”，故填介词to。payat

tentionto．．．意为“注意„„”。9．which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词signs，故填which。10．freely解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰movearound，表示“自由地”，故填副词freely。