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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresstrugglen．&vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle．当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。strugglefor．．．努力争取

„„；为„„而斗争struggleagainst/with．．．与„„作斗争struggletodosth．努力做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来①Wehavetostrugglewith

allkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad．我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。②Workersarestrugglingforacleancanteenandhealthyfood．工人们正在为干净的食堂和健康的食物而斗争。③She

nevergaveupandstruggledto_live(live)anactivelife．她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。④Aftertheaccident,LinTaostruggled_to_

his_feetanddialed119．出事后，林涛挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。pointofview观点；看法(教材P64)IhadfinallycometoaplacewhereIcouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworld

fromadifferentpointofview．我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。fromone’spointofviewinone’sview/opinionasfarassb．isconcerned依某人看来①Frommypointof

view,youshouldturntoyourteacherforhelp．依我看来，你应该向老师求助。②Irespectyourpoint_of_view,_butI’mnotsureIagreewithyou．我尊重你的观点，但

我还是不敢苟同。③In_my_opinion/view,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．＝As_

far_as_I’m_concerned,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．＝From_my_point_of_view,_youcanhaveab

etterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。the＋比较级，the＋比较级越„„，就越„„(教材P64)

Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow．这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会增长得越多。themore．．．theless．．．越„„，就越不„„t

hemore．．．thebetter．．．„„越多，„„就越好①Themoreheexplained,themoreconfusedIbecame．他越解释我就越迷惑。②Asisknowntous，thelazier(lazy)apersonis，themorething

sheneedstodotomorrow．众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。③Theharderyouwork，thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake．你越努力工作，取得的进步就越大。④Themorecarefulyo

uare，thefewer(few)mistakesyouwillmake．你越仔细，就越少犯错误。关系副词引导的定语从句(when,why,where)用适当的关系副词填空1．(教材P62)Therearemanyr

easonswhy_thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem．2．(教材P62)EmperorQinsh

ihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywhere_theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection．3．(教材P64)ItoldmymumthatIwanted

togiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountrywhereGermanwasspoken．4．(教材P64)Ifinallyunderstoodthereasonwhy_mymumhadencouraged

menottogiveup．5．(教材P68)ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourseinGerman,andthatwasthedaywhen

Idecidedtotakeonanewlanguage．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语1．关系副词wh

en引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。◆IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane．我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。◆Wew

illneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing．我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示

地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine．我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。◆ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown．

我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆除了。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。◆Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday．我不知道昨天他

为什么没向他的好朋友求助。◆Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在

定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日

子吗？(when在从句中作状语)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)◆Therea

sonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice．你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或f

orwhich,why作原因状语)◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus．我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)[即时演练1]——对比填空：that,which,when,

where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether．②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether．③Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatth

emeetingwasnotsound．④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain．⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily．⑥Thisisthehousewhich/th

atwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指

“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。◆YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous．昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befa

mousfor．．．因„„而出名)2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos．这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withcamera用照相机)◆Theoldwomanwithwhomyouta

lkedjustnowisafamousartist．刚才和你们说话的老太太是一位著名的艺术家。(talkwithsb．和某人谈话)3．根据句子的意思来选择。◆Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInterne

t，brokedownyesterday．昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。◆Ihavetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan．

我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。◆Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers．这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是律师。在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使

用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy．(正)◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenurse

sarelookingareveryhealthy．(误)[即时演练2]——用适当的关系词或介词填空①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries．②Thegirltowhomy

ouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher．③Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory．④Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany．⑤Thedeath

ofhissonwasanexperiencefromwhichheneverfullyrecovered．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Wevisitedthehousewherethefamousscient

istoncelived．2．ThecarwhosewindowgotbrokenintheaccidentbelongstoMrBrown．3．ThisistheprimaryschoolwherebothmybrotherandIstayedforsixyears．4．Itwas

aperiodwhentheymetveryfrequently．5．WhenIarrived,myfriendtookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying．6．Wehavecometoapointwhereeveryonehasdiffer

entopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement．7．Bobisnowinapositionwherehehasnomoremoneytopayhisrent．8．Oneofthereasonswhyhewasrefusedinthei

nterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible．9．Thereasonwhyhegaveuphiswell­paidjobisn’tknowntous．10．I’

llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinthearmycamp．11．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague．12．MissLiuis

anexcellentteacherfromwhomIhavelearnedalot．13．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothofwhomworkinNewYork．14．Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitth

ecityeachyearhasrisentoonemillion．15．Theyhavereachedthestagewheretheyaregoingtogetmarried．Ⅱ语法与写作将下列句子合并升级为定语从句。1．Theuniversityisbigandbea

utiful．Mybrotherstudiesintheuniversity．Theuniversitywhere/in_which_my_brother_studies_is_big_and_beautiful．2．Thepartyturnedo

uttobequitesuccessful．WesangthebeautifulsongForeverYoungattheparty．The_party_where/at_which_we_sang_the_beautiful_so

ng_Forever_Young_turned_out_to_be_quite_successful．3．Doyouknowthelady?OurEnglishteacheristakingaphotoofh

er．Do_you_know_the_lady_whom_our_English_teacher_is_taking_a_photo_of?4．Roseknewtheyear．TheRedCrosswasfoundedintheyear．Rose_knew_the_y

ear_when/in_which_the_Red_Cross_was_founded．5．Paullookedsoexcitedtoday．Hisfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason．Paul’s_friend_didn’t_know_the_real_rea

son_why/for_which_he_looked_so_excited_today．6．Wepaidavisittothatcoffeeshoplastsummer．Awriterwrotehisfamousbookinthecoffeeshop．Last_summer_we_paid

_a_visit_to_the_coffee_shop_where/in_which_a_writer_wrote_his_famous_book．7．We’llgotomeetthefamoussinger．Weoftentalkedabout

thefamoussinger．We’llgotomeetthefamoussingerwhom_we_often_talked_about．8．Shehasthreesons．Allofhersonsareabro

adnow．Shehasthreesons,all_of_whomareabroadnow．9．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass．Thirtyofthestudentsinourclas

sareboys．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,thirty_of_whomareboys．10．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks．Nearlyhalfofthechildren’sbookswerepublis

hedinthe1990s．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalf_of_whichwerepublishedinthe1990s．Ⅰ阅读理解AAseveryoneknows,Englishisveryimportanttoday．Ithasbee

nusedeverywhereintheworld．IthasbecomethemostcommonlanguageontheInternetandforinternationaltrade．IfwecanspeakEnglishwell,wewillhavemorechance

stosucceed．Becausemoreandmorepeoplehavetakennoticeofit,thenumberofthepeoplewhogotolearnEnglishhasincreasedatahighspeed．Butf

ormyself,IlearnEnglishnotonlybecauseofitsimportanceanditsusefulness,butalsobecauseofmyloveforit．WhenIlearnEngl

ish,Icanfeeladifferentwayofthinkingwhichgivesmemoreroomtotouchtheworld．WhenIreadEnglishnovels,Icanfeel

thepleasurefromthebookwhichisdifferentfromreadingthetranslation．WhenIspeakEnglish,Icanfeeltheconfidencefrommywords．

WhenIwriteEnglish,IcanseethebeautywhichisnotthesameasourChinese．．．IloveEnglish,becauseitgivesmeacolorf

uldream．IhopeIcantravelaroundtheworldoneday．WithmygoodEnglish,Icanmakefriendswithmanypeoplefromdifferent

countriesandseemanyplacesofgreatinterests．IdreamthatIcangotoLondon,becauseitisthebirthplaceofEnglish．IalsowanttousemygoodEnglishtointr

oduceourgreatplacestothepeoplewhospeakEnglish．Ihopethattheycanloveourcountrylikeus．Iknow,Romewasnotbuil

tinaday．Ibelievethataftercontinuoushardstudy,onedayIcanspeakEnglishverywell．Ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable．SoIbelieve,a

sIloveEnglish,itwilllovemetoo．IamsurethatIwillrealizemydreamoneday!【解题导语】作者介绍了英语对自己而言很重要，并说明了自己学习英语的原因。1．What’sth

emainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourdailylife．B．Englishischangingquickly．C．Englishhasthelargestspea

kersintheworld．D．MoreandmorepeopleenjoylearningEnglish．A解析：段落大意题。根据第一段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要说明了英语变得越来越重要。2．Whic

hofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorlikeslearningEnglish?A．Englishisveryimportant．B．Englishisvery

useful．C．TheauthorlikesEnglish．D．Theauthor’sparentsaskhimtostudyEnglish．D解析：细节理解题。从第二段可知，A、B、C三个选项都是作者学习英语的原因，D项未提及。3．Whentheauthor

readsEnglishnovels,hefeels________．A．pleasedB．pressedC．anxiousD．confidentA解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的WhenIreadEnglishnovels,Icanfeelthepleasurefromthebookwh

ichisdifferentfromreadingthetranslation．可知答案。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastbutoneparagraph?A．Lovingothersisveryimportant．

B．LovingEnglishcanmakeyousuccessful．C．Ifyouwanttogetlovefromothers,youshouldfirstloveothers．D．Youshouldlearntorespectother

sifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell．C解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的Ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable．可推出答案。BIhadthemeanestmothe

rinthewholeworld．Whileotherkidsatecandyforbreakfast,Ihadtohaveporridge,eggsortoast．WhenothershadCokeandcandyforlunch,Ihadto

eatasandwich．ButatleastIwasn’talonewhenIwassad．MysisterandtwobrothershadthesamemeanmotherasIdid．Mymotherpreferredt

oknowwherewewereatalltimes．Shehadtoknowwhoourfriendswereandwhereweweregoing．Wehadtocleanclothesandtakeabatheveryday．Theotherkidsgottowearthesame

clothesfordays．Wecouldnotlieinbed“sick”inordertomissschool．Theworstisyettocome．Wehadtobeinbedbynineeachnightandge

tupateightthenextmorning．Wecouldn’tsleeptillnoonlikeourfriends．Sowhiletheyslept,mymotherwasbravetobre

aktheChildLabourLaws．Shemadeuswork．Wehadtowashdishes,makebeds,andlearntocookandallkindsofthingsathome．Ibelieveshelayawakethinkingupallthingsfo

rustodo．Mymotherwasacompletefailureasamother．Twoofherchildrenreceivedhighereducation．Noneofushaveeverbeentake

nawaybythepoliceordivorced(离婚)．Sheforcedustogrowupintoeducatedandhonestadults．Iamnowtryingtoraisemythreechildrenthisway．I

amfilledwithpridewhenmychildrencallme“mean”．Why?BecausenowIthankGodeverydayforgivingmethemeanestmotherinthewor

ld．【解题导语】本文主要讲了作者的妈妈对他们很严格，包括不让他们吃糖，要求他们按时睡觉，让他们刷碗等。虽然作者小时候很讨厌妈妈，但是当作者长大后才明白，妈妈这样做是为了让他们变得更优秀，作者因此很感激妈妈。5．Whycouldn’t

theauthoreatcandyforbreakfast?A．Hermothercouldn’tafford(买得起)candy．B．Shepreferredporridge,eggsortoasttocandy．C．Hermotherthoughtitnotgoodt

oeatcandyforbreakfast．D．Hermotherhadtogivecandytotheauthor’ssisterandtwobrothers．C解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据对文章的整体理解可知，作者的妈妈对他们很严

格，早上不准他们吃糖果是因为她认为糖果对身体不好。故选C项。6．Theauthor’smothermadeherchildrenworkbecause________．A．shehadtroublefallingintosleepB．shehadnotime

todothehouseworkC．shewasteachingherchildrentolivebythemselvesD．shecouldn’tkeepsuchabigfamilywithoutherchildren’shelpC解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据对文章的整体理

解可知，作者的妈妈让他们做家务是想让他们学会自理。故选C项。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theauthorisstrictwithherchildren．B．Theauthorisnothapp

ytohavesuchameanmother．C．Theauthor’smotherbroketheChildLabourLawstomakemoney．D．Theauthor’smotherfailedtoedu

cateherchildrentobehonest．A解析：推理判断题。根据文中“Iamnowtryingtoraisemythreechildrenthisway．”可知，作者也是用妈妈教育他们的方法教育自己的孩子，所以她对自己的孩子很严格。故

选A项。8．Fromthetextwelearnthattheauthor________．A．dislikeshermotherB．isverygratefultohermotherC．ispolitetoherm

otherD．istiredofhermotherB解析：推理判断题。根据文中最后部分“Iamfilledwithpridewhenmychildrencallme‘mean’．Why?BecausenowIthankGodeverydayforgivingmethemeanestm

otherintheworld．”可知，作者很感激她的妈妈。故选B项。Ⅱ七选五Doyousometimesforgetwhereyouputyoureyeglassesorphone?Doyousometime

s,whenyouareout,startworryingwhetheryoulockedyourdoor?1．________Ifyoudo,thismeansthatyouareabsent－minded(

心不在焉的)．Don’tfeeltoobadaboutit,becauseyoucanbreakyourselfofthishabit．2．________Youwon’tfocus(集中)welloneachtaskifyoutrytofinishseveraltask

satthesametime．Youmightmakemistakes．Doonethingatatime．Thiswillmakeiteasiertofocusonwhatyouaredoing,anddoitbet

ter．Makealistoftheimportanttasksforeachdayandlookatitfrequentlyduringtheday．Putthislistinaplacewhereyoucanseeitoften,andnotwithotherpapersonyo

urdesk,walletorpurse．3．________Boredomoftenleadstoabsent－mindedness．Toavoidboredom,trytobemoreinterestedinthesubjectthatisbeingdisc

ussed,askquestionsinclass,jointheconversation,ordoyourworkinadifferentway．Thiswouldrequireyourattention．

4．________Makedealswithyourmind．Ifthereissomethingthatistakingyourattentionaway,tellyourmindthatyouwilldealwiththemafteryoufini

shwhatyouaredoing．5．________Thiswilltaketheproblemsawayfromyourmindforawhile．A．Avoiddoingseveraltasksat

thesametime．B．Keepyourselfbusy,andtrytothinkpositively．C．Asaresult,youmaybecomelessabsent－minded．D．Inthiswa

y,youwon’tforgetwhatyouneedtodo．E．Doyouthinkaboutsomethingelseduringaconversation?F．Don’tthinkofotherma

tterswhenyou’redoingsomething．G．Ifthisdoesnothelpyou,setdownyourproblemsonapieceofpaper．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何减少分心。1．E解析：根据该空

前的两个问句及空后的Ifyoudo可知，该空与前面两个问句并列，七个选项中是问句的是E项。2．A解析：该空是本段的主题句，根据该段中的．．．ifyoutrytofinishseveraltasksatthesametime和Doonethingatatime．可知，本段主要

讲了不要同时干很多活。3．D解析：根据该段的Makealist．．．lookatitfrequentlyduringtheday及whereyoucanseeitoften可知，这样可以避免忘记要做什么事情。4．C解析：该空前列举了几种集中注意力的方法，采

用了这些方法的结果是会减少分心。5．G解析：该空前提出了把问题从脑海中移除的方法，根据该空后的Thiswilltaketheproblemsawayfromyourmindforawhile．可知，该空内容应是把问题从脑海中移除的另一种方法，G项承上启下。Ⅲ语法

填空WhenIwasateenager,I1．____________(usual)spentmytimethinkingaboutmyselfand2．____________(take)careofmyownneeds．Idi

dn’tcleanourhouseuntil3．____________(I)olderbrotherleftforcollege．AndIwasalsoneverupset4．____________myparents’billsandproblemswhileIjus

treadbooksandplayedallday．IhopedIwouldhaveabetterandhappierlifeinthefuture．Afewyearslater,Igotmarriedanddecided5．____________(start)afamily．

However,Ilostmyjobandcouldn’tfindone．Andwith6．____________newbabyontheway,Istartedtoworryaboutmyfuture,butIdidn’tgiveupon7．____________(happy)．Onen

ightaftermybabyboy8．____________(be)born,Ifinallyrealizedthatthereweremorethanjustmyownneeds．AsIwasfeedinghim,hewaslookingupatme．Istillrememberthem

oment9．____________hesmiledatmeforthefirsttime．Atthatmoment,IcouldfeelmyheartgrowingwithloveandrealizedIalreadyhadaloti

nmylife．CarolynArendsoncewrote,“Themorepeopleyouletintoyourheart,the10．____________(big)yourheartgets．”Pleasekeepgrowingyourhearttoday

,tomorrow,andalways．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在年轻的时候只关心自己的事情，不懂得关心别人，儿子的出生改变了作者。1．usually解析：该空应用副词修饰后面的动

词，故填usually。2．taking解析：该空是and连接的两个并列成分，spendtimedoingsth．表示“花时间做某事”，故填taking。3．my解析：该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词，故

填my。4．by/about/at解析：beupsetby/about/atsth．表示“因某事而烦恼”。5．tostart解析：decidetodosth．表示“决定做某事”。6．a解析：可数名词单

数前应用冠词，此处表示“一个”，故填a。7．happiness解析：该空为句子的宾语，应用名词，故填happiness。8．was解析：孩子的出生发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was。9．when解析：该空为定语从句的关系词，先行词为moment，关系词在从句中作状语，故填when。10．b

igger解析：the＋比较级．．．the＋比较级．．．表示“越„„就越„„”，故填bigger。