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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresstrugglen．&vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle．当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。strugglefor．．．努力争取„„；为„„

而斗争struggleagainst/with．．．与„„作斗争struggletodosth．努力做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来①Wehavetostrugglewithallkindsofdifficultiesfr

omhomeandabroad．我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。②Workersarestrugglingforacleancanteenandhealthyfood．工人们正在为干净的食堂和健康的食物而斗争。③Shenevergaveupandstruggledto_live(l

ive)anactivelife．她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。④Aftertheaccident,LinTaostruggled_to_his_feetanddialed119．出事后，林涛挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。pointofview观点；看法(教材P64)Ihadf

inallycometoaplacewhereIcouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview．我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从

一个不同的角度看世界。fromone’spointofviewinone’sview/opinionasfarassb．isconcerned依某人看来①Frommypointofview,youshouldturntoyourteacherforhelp．依我看来

，你应该向老师求助。②Irespectyourpoint_of_view,_butI’mnotsureIagreewithyou．我尊重你的观点，但我还是不敢苟同。③In_my_opinion/view,_youcanhaveabetter

understandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．＝As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthrought

heactivities．＝From_my_point_of_view,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．在我看来，通过这些

活动，你可以更好地了解春节。the＋比较级，the＋比较级越„„，就越„„(教材P64)Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwould

grow．这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会增长得越多。themore．．．theless．．．越„„，就越不„„themore．．．thebetter．．．„„越多，„„就越好①Themo

reheexplained,themoreconfusedIbecame．他越解释我就越迷惑。②Asisknowntous，thelazier(lazy)apersonis，themorethingsheneedstodotomorrow

．众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。③Theharderyouwork，thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake．你越努力工作，取得的进步就越大。④Themo

recarefulyouare，thefewer(few)mistakesyouwillmake．你越仔细，就越少犯错误。关系副词引导的定语从句(when,why,where)用适当的关系副词填空1．(教材P62)Therear

emanyreasonswhy_thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem．2．(教材P62)EmperorQinshihuan

gunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywhere_theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirect

ion．3．(教材P64)ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountrywhereGermanwasspoken．4．(教材P64)Ifi

nallyunderstoodthereasonwhy_mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup．5．(教材P68)ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummerc

ourseinGerman,andthatwasthedaywhenIdecidedtotakeonanewlanguage．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状

语whyreason原因状语1．关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。◆IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbypla

ne．我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。◆Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing．我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2

．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine．我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。◆Thehousewh

ereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown．我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆除了。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。◆Idon’tknowthereas

onwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday．我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。◆Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthday

party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：◆Doyouremem

berthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过

的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)◆Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice．你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从

句中缺少状语，所以用why或forwhich,why作原因状语)◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus．我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)[即

时演练1]——对比填空：that,which,when,where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether．②Iwillneverforgettheda

yswhenwestayedtogether．③Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound．④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas

thathemissedhistrain．⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily．⑥Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago．“

介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1．根据定语从

句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。◆YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous．昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor．．．因

„„而出名)2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos．这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withcamera用照相机)◆Theoldwomanwithwhom

youtalkedjustnowisafamousartist．刚才和你们说话的老太太是一位著名的艺术家。(talkwithsb．和某人谈话)3．根据句子的意思来选择。◆Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’t

surftheInternet，brokedownyesterday．昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。◆Ihavetenbooks,hal

fofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan．我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。◆Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers．这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是律师。在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可

拆开使用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy．(正)◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelo

okingareveryhealthy．(误)[即时演练2]——用适当的关系词或介词填空①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries．②

ThegirltowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher．③Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory．④Thewomanwithwhomyous

hookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany．⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperiencefromwhichheneverfullyrecovered．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Wevisite

dthehousewherethefamousscientistoncelived．2．ThecarwhosewindowgotbrokenintheaccidentbelongstoMrBrown．3．Thisistheprimaryschoolwherebot

hmybrotherandIstayedforsixyears．4．Itwasaperiodwhentheymetveryfrequently．5．WhenIarrived,myfriendtookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying．6．Wehavecometo

apointwhereeveryonehasdifferentopinionsanditisdifficulttoreachanagreement．7．Bobisnowinapositionwhere

hehasnomoremoneytopayhisrent．8．OneofthereasonswhyhewasrefusedintheinterviewwasthathisspokenEnglishwasterrible．9．The

reasonwhyhegaveuphiswell­paidjobisn’tknowntous．10．I’llneverforgetthetimethat/whichwespenttogetherinthearmycamp．11．I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoin

edtheLeague．12．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfromwhomIhavelearnedalot．13．TheSmithshavetwochildren,bothofwhomworkinNew

York．14．Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearhasrisentoonemillion．15．Theyhavereachedthestagewheretheyaregoingtogetmarried．Ⅱ语法与写作

将下列句子合并升级为定语从句。1．Theuniversityisbigandbeautiful．Mybrotherstudiesintheuniversity．Theuniversitywhere/in_wh

ich_my_brother_studies_is_big_and_beautiful．2．Thepartyturnedouttobequitesuccessful．WesangthebeautifulsongForever

Youngattheparty．The_party_where/at_which_we_sang_the_beautiful_song_Forever_Young_turned_out_to_be_quite_successful．3．Doyouknowthela

dy?OurEnglishteacheristakingaphotoofher．Do_you_know_the_lady_whom_our_English_teacher_is_taking_a_photo_of?4．Roseknewt

heyear．TheRedCrosswasfoundedintheyear．Rose_knew_the_year_when/in_which_the_Red_Cross_was_founded．5．Paullookedso

excitedtoday．Hisfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason．Paul’s_friend_didn’t_know_the_real_reason_why/for_which_he_lo

oked_so_excited_today．6．Wepaidavisittothatcoffeeshoplastsummer．Awriterwrotehisfamousbookinthecoffeeshop．Last_summer_we_paid_a_visit_to_the_coff

ee_shop_where/in_which_a_writer_wrote_his_famous_book．7．We’llgotomeetthefamoussinger．Weoftentalkedaboutthefamous

singer．We’llgotomeetthefamoussingerwhom_we_often_talked_about．8．Shehasthreesons．Allofhersonsareabroadn

ow．Shehasthreesons,all_of_whomareabroadnow．9．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass．Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassareboys．Therearesi

xtystudentsinourclass,thirty_of_whomareboys．10．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks．Nearlyhalfofthechildren’sbookswerepublishedinthe1990s．Hewrotem

anychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalf_of_whichwerepublishedinthe1990s．Ⅰ阅读理解AAseveryoneknows,Englishisveryimportanttoday．Itha

sbeenusedeverywhereintheworld．IthasbecomethemostcommonlanguageontheInternetandforinternationaltrade．IfwecanspeakEnglish

well,wewillhavemorechancestosucceed．Becausemoreandmorepeoplehavetakennoticeofit,thenumberofthepeoplewhogotolearnEnglishhasincreasedatahigh

speed．Butformyself,IlearnEnglishnotonlybecauseofitsimportanceanditsusefulness,butalsobecauseofmyloveforit

．WhenIlearnEnglish,Icanfeeladifferentwayofthinkingwhichgivesmemoreroomtotouchtheworld．WhenIreadEnglishnovels,Icanfeelthepleasurefromthebookwhi

chisdifferentfromreadingthetranslation．WhenIspeakEnglish,Icanfeeltheconfidencefrommywords．WhenIwriteEngli

sh,IcanseethebeautywhichisnotthesameasourChinese．．．IloveEnglish,becauseitgivesmeacolorfuldream．IhopeIcantravelaroun

dtheworldoneday．WithmygoodEnglish,Icanmakefriendswithmanypeoplefromdifferentcountriesandseemanyplacesofgreatinterests．IdreamthatIcangotoLondon,becaus

eitisthebirthplaceofEnglish．IalsowanttousemygoodEnglishtointroduceourgreatplacestothepeoplewhospeakEnglish．Ihop

ethattheycanloveourcountrylikeus．Iknow,Romewasnotbuiltinaday．Ibelievethataftercontinuoushardstudy,onedayIcan

speakEnglishverywell．Ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable．SoIbelieve,asIloveEnglish,itwillloveme

too．IamsurethatIwillrealizemydreamoneday!【解题导语】作者介绍了英语对自己而言很重要，并说明了自己学习英语的原因。1．What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Englishisbecomingmorean

dmoreimportantinourdailylife．B．Englishischangingquickly．C．Englishhasthelargestspeakersintheworld．D．MoreandmorepeopleenjoylearningEnglish．A解析：段

落大意题。根据第一段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要说明了英语变得越来越重要。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorlikeslearningEnglish?A．Englishisveryimportant．B．Engli

shisveryuseful．C．TheauthorlikesEnglish．D．Theauthor’sparentsaskhimtostudyEnglish．D解析：细节理解题。从第二段可知，A、B、C三个选项都是作

者学习英语的原因，D项未提及。3．WhentheauthorreadsEnglishnovels,hefeels________．A．pleasedB．pressedC．anxiousD．confidentA解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的Wh

enIreadEnglishnovels,Icanfeelthepleasurefromthebookwhichisdifferentfromreadingthetranslation．可知答案。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastbutoneparagraph?A．

Lovingothersisveryimportant．B．LovingEnglishcanmakeyousuccessful．C．Ifyouwanttogetlovefromothers,youshouldfirstloveothers．D．Youshouldlearntorespectoth

ersifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell．C解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的Ifyouwanttobeloved,youshouldlearntoloveandbelovable．可推出答案。BIha

dthemeanestmotherinthewholeworld．Whileotherkidsatecandyforbreakfast,Ihadtohaveporridge,eggsortoast．WhenothershadCokeandcandyforlunch,Ihadtoeatasan

dwich．ButatleastIwasn’talonewhenIwassad．MysisterandtwobrothershadthesamemeanmotherasIdid．Mymotherpreferredtoknowwherewew

ereatalltimes．Shehadtoknowwhoourfriendswereandwhereweweregoing．Wehadtocleanclothesandtakeabatheveryday

．Theotherkidsgottowearthesameclothesfordays．Wecouldnotlieinbed“sick”inordertomissschool．Theworstisyettocome．Wehadtobeinbedbynineeachni

ghtandgetupateightthenextmorning．Wecouldn’tsleeptillnoonlikeourfriends．Sowhiletheyslept,mymotherwasbravetobreaktheChildLabourLa

ws．Shemadeuswork．Wehadtowashdishes,makebeds,andlearntocookandallkindsofthingsathome．Ibelieveshelayawaket

hinkingupallthingsforustodo．Mymotherwasacompletefailureasamother．Twoofherchildrenreceivedhighereducation．Noneofushaveeverbeen

takenawaybythepoliceordivorced(离婚)．Sheforcedustogrowupintoeducatedandhonestadults．Iamnowtryingtoraisemythreechildren

thisway．Iamfilledwithpridewhenmychildrencallme“mean”．Why?BecausenowIthankGodeverydayforgivingmetheme

anestmotherintheworld．【解题导语】本文主要讲了作者的妈妈对他们很严格，包括不让他们吃糖，要求他们按时睡觉，让他们刷碗等。虽然作者小时候很讨厌妈妈，但是当作者长大后才明白，妈妈这样做是为了让他们变得更优秀，作者因此很感激妈妈。5．Wh

ycouldn’ttheauthoreatcandyforbreakfast?A．Hermothercouldn’tafford(买得起)candy．B．Shepreferredporridge,eggsortoasttocandy．C．Hermotherthough

titnotgoodtoeatcandyforbreakfast．D．Hermotherhadtogivecandytotheauthor’ssisterandtwobrothers．C解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据对文章的整体理解可知，作者的

妈妈对他们很严格，早上不准他们吃糖果是因为她认为糖果对身体不好。故选C项。6．Theauthor’smothermadeherchildrenworkbecause________．A．shehadtroublefallingintosleepB．shehadnotimetodot

hehouseworkC．shewasteachingherchildrentolivebythemselvesD．shecouldn’tkeepsuchabigfamilywithoutherchildren’shel

pC解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据对文章的整体理解可知，作者的妈妈让他们做家务是想让他们学会自理。故选C项。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theauthorisstrictwithherchi

ldren．B．Theauthorisnothappytohavesuchameanmother．C．Theauthor’smotherbroketheChildLabourLawstomakemoney．D．Theauthor’smotherfailedtoeducatehe

rchildrentobehonest．A解析：推理判断题。根据文中“Iamnowtryingtoraisemythreechildrenthisway．”可知，作者也是用妈妈教育他们的方法教育自己的孩子，所以她对自己的孩子很严格。故选A项。8．Fromthetextwelear

nthattheauthor________．A．dislikeshermotherB．isverygratefultohermotherC．ispolitetohermotherD．istiredofhermotherB解析：推理判断题

。根据文中最后部分“Iamfilledwithpridewhenmychildrencallme‘mean’．Why?BecausenowIthankGodeverydayforgivingmethemeanestmotherintheworld

．”可知，作者很感激她的妈妈。故选B项。Ⅱ七选五Doyousometimesforgetwhereyouputyoureyeglassesorphone?Doyousometimes,whenyouareout,startworryingwhet

heryoulockedyourdoor?1．________Ifyoudo,thismeansthatyouareabsent－minded(心不在焉的)．Don’tfeeltoobadaboutit,becauseyo

ucanbreakyourselfofthishabit．2．________Youwon’tfocus(集中)welloneachtaskifyoutrytofinishseveraltasksatthesametime

．Youmightmakemistakes．Doonethingatatime．Thiswillmakeiteasiertofocusonwhatyouaredoing,anddoitbetter．Ma

kealistoftheimportanttasksforeachdayandlookatitfrequentlyduringtheday．Putthislistinaplacewhereyoucanseeitoften,andnotwithotherpapersonyourdesk,wa

lletorpurse．3．________Boredomoftenleadstoabsent－mindedness．Toavoidboredom,trytobemoreinterestedinthesubjectthatisbein

gdiscussed,askquestionsinclass,jointheconversation,ordoyourworkinadifferentway．Thiswouldrequireyourattention．4．________Makedealswithyourmind

．Ifthereissomethingthatistakingyourattentionaway,tellyourmindthatyouwilldealwiththemafteryoufinishwhatyoua

redoing．5．________Thiswilltaketheproblemsawayfromyourmindforawhile．A．Avoiddoingseveraltasksatthesametime．B．Keepyourselfbusy,andt

rytothinkpositively．C．Asaresult,youmaybecomelessabsent－minded．D．Inthisway,youwon’tforgetwhatyouneedtodo．E．Doyouthinkaboutsomethingelseduri

ngaconversation?F．Don’tthinkofothermatterswhenyou’redoingsomething．G．Ifthisdoesnothelpyou,setdownyourproblemsonapieceo

fpaper．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何减少分心。1．E解析：根据该空前的两个问句及空后的Ifyoudo可知，该空与前面两个问句并列，七个选项中是问句的是E项。2．A解析：该空是本段的主题句，根据该段中的．．．ifyout

rytofinishseveraltasksatthesametime和Doonethingatatime．可知，本段主要讲了不要同时干很多活。3．D解析：根据该段的Makealist．．．lookatitfrequentlyduringtheday及whe

reyoucanseeitoften可知，这样可以避免忘记要做什么事情。4．C解析：该空前列举了几种集中注意力的方法，采用了这些方法的结果是会减少分心。5．G解析：该空前提出了把问题从脑海中移除的方法，根据该

空后的Thiswilltaketheproblemsawayfromyourmindforawhile．可知，该空内容应是把问题从脑海中移除的另一种方法，G项承上启下。Ⅲ语法填空WhenIwasateenager,I1．

____________(usual)spentmytimethinkingaboutmyselfand2．____________(take)careofmyownneeds．Ididn’tcleanourhouseunt

il3．____________(I)olderbrotherleftforcollege．AndIwasalsoneverupset4．____________myparents’billsandprob

lemswhileIjustreadbooksandplayedallday．IhopedIwouldhaveabetterandhappierlifeinthefuture．Afewyearslater,Igotmarriedanddecided5．______

______(start)afamily．However,Ilostmyjobandcouldn’tfindone．Andwith6．____________newbabyontheway,Istartedtoworryaboutmyfuture,butIdidn’tgiveupon

7．____________(happy)．Onenightaftermybabyboy8．____________(be)born,Ifinallyrealizedthatthereweremorethanjustmyownneeds．AsIwasfeedinghim,he

waslookingupatme．Istillrememberthemoment9．____________hesmiledatmeforthefirsttime．Atthatmoment,Icouldfeelmyheartgrowingwithloveandreal

izedIalreadyhadalotinmylife．CarolynArendsoncewrote,“Themorepeopleyouletintoyourheart,the10．____________(big

)yourheartgets．”Pleasekeepgrowingyourhearttoday,tomorrow,andalways．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在年轻的时候只关心自己的事情，不懂得关心

别人，儿子的出生改变了作者。1．usually解析：该空应用副词修饰后面的动词，故填usually。2．taking解析：该空是and连接的两个并列成分，spendtimedoingsth．表示“花时间做某事”，

故填taking。3．my解析：该空应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词，故填my。4．by/about/at解析：beupsetby/about/atsth．表示“因某事而烦恼”。5．tostart解析：decidetodosth．表示“决定做某事”。6．a解析：可数名词单数前应

用冠词，此处表示“一个”，故填a。7．happiness解析：该空为句子的宾语，应用名词，故填happiness。8．was解析：孩子的出生发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was。9．when解析：该空为定语从

句的关系词，先行词为moment，关系词在从句中作状语，故填when。10．bigger解析：the＋比较级．．．the＋比较级．．．表示“越„„就越„„”，故填bigger。