【文档说明】2019_2020学年新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionⅢGrammar——定语从句Ⅰ教案(含解析)新人教版必修1.doc,共(5)页,118.000 KB,由小喜鸽上传
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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——定语从句(Ⅰ)语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Thereweredeepcracksthat/whichappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredea
dorinjured.3.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.4.Soonaftertheq
uakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomes
hadbeendestroyed.6.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.7.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedes
ignsforthenewtownofWenchuanhavewonpraise.8.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry
.1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/w
hich常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。4.第5、7句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose,在定语从句中作定语,它既可以指人也可以指物。who(whom),which,that,whose引导的定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词
有when,where,why。一、关系代词的基本用法1.who指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Themanwhoistalkingwithmyfatherisateacher.-2-正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。Thegirl(who)
Imetyesterdaywashissister.我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。2.whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略,不能作主语。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男
孩是他们的班长。注意:(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句
中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时,用whom,不用who。Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。[即时演练1]用关系代词填空①Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyou
rmother?②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Thisisthepersonwho/whomyoushouldthankforhelpingyourson.3.which只指
物,不指人,可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一个有2000年历史的城市。Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldrin
g(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指,非常高兴。4.whose既可指人,也可指物。其后接名词,与先行词构成从属关系,在从句中作定语。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallover
thecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。5.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。Th
ewoman(that)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道,她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。Thereport(that)Mr.Turner
handedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。[即时演练2]用关系代词填空-3-①Look,herearesomepeoplewho/whom/thatIwantyoutomee
t.②Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.二、用that不用which的情况1.当先行词为all,everyt
hing,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已经做了。2.当先行词是序数词、
形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,th
elast修饰时。Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。4.当先行词既指人,又指物时。Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethats
hewasinterestedin.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。5.当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在门口的那个人是谁?6.当先行词
在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海已不是过去那个样子了。[即时演练3]完成句子①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.②
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.③我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。IhavefoundthepenthatIlostyesterday.三、用which不用that的
情况1.在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词前时。Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他住的房间。2.引导非限制性定语从句时。-4-Tomcameback,whichmadeusver
yhappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。3.在限制性定语从句中,如果有两个定语从句,其中前一句的关系代词是that,那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedf
romthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.让我给你看这本新开的图书馆里借来的小说。[即时演练4]用关系代词填空①ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.②Haveyo
ueverreadthebook,whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?四、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“oneof+复数名词”作先行词
,谓语动词用复数形式;“theonlyoneof+复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.这是查理斯·狄更斯
所写的书中的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。注意:which引导非限制性定语从句时
,往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数,其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。HesaidhewasaFrenchman,whichwasnottrue.他说他是一个法国人,这不是真的。2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。Thisisthefac
torywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。3.关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略;作介词宾语的关系代词,如果不直接位于介词后,可省略,如果直接作介词的宾语,不能省略
。(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。[即时演练5]单句语法填空①Allthingsthatcanbedonehas(have)beendone.②Thestudentyoushouldlearnfromistheonewhoworks
hardandstudieshard.③HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowSpanish.-5-Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空1.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalle
dTom.2.ThemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverreadisOthello.3.Doyouknowtheladywhom/whoourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?4.Theytalked
abouttheirclassmatesandthingsthattheystillrememberinmiddleschool.5.Themostimportantthingthatweshouldconsideristhefirstideat
hathehasmentionedinhisspeech.6.Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.7.Doyoustillrememberthechickenf
armthat/which/不填wevisitedthreemonthsago?8.Womenwhodrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofha
vingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon't.9.Thisisthebuildingwhosewindowswereallpaintedgreen.10.Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebo
okshop.Ⅱ.完成句子(使用定语从句)1.Thisgirlisfamiliartome;maybesheisthegirl(who/whom/that)Imetinthestreet(我在大街上见到的)yesterday.2.Thisistheplanforthe
holidaysthatwassuggestedbyhisbrother(由他哥哥建议的).3.Thosewhobringushappiness(带给我们快乐的)shouldbeloved.4.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatw
ereshownlastweek(上周放映的).5.Shethoughthighlyoftheway(that/inwhich)wetreatedthedifficulty(我们对待困难).6.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelp(没有
他的帮助)Iwouldneverhavegotthisfar.