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专题09语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cho

psticksplayanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.Chinesechopsticksareroundontheeatingendwhichsymbolizesheave

n,whiletheotherendissquarewhichsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecausekeepingenoughfoodis41．(great)concernthananythingelse.Itisimportanttonoteth

atchopsticksareusedinmanydifferentculturesandthereisnosinglestandardfortheuseofchopsticks.Herearesomecustoms42．(associate)withchopsticks

inChina.Playingwithchopsticks43．(consider)badmanners.Andchopsticksshouldnotbeplaced44．(vertical)inabo

wlofriceorotherfood.Anystick-likeobjectpointingupward45．(resemble)theincense(香)sticksthatpeopleuse46．offeringstot

heirdeadfamilymembers.Itisalsobadmannerstotapchopstickson47．edgeofone’sbowl,becauseinancientChinabeggarsoftenmadethisnoise48．(attr

act)attention.InChinese,“chopsticks”reads“kuaizi”,whichmeans“tohavesonssoon,”soanewly-marriedcouplewillbeveryhappytoacceptchopsticksas4

9．(they)weddinggift.50．hasalreadybeenfoundoutisthatusingchopsticksimprovesone’smemory,increasesfingerde

xterity(灵巧)andcanbeusefulinlearningandimprovingskillssuchasChinesecharacterprintingandbrushpainting.2.（2020届

广东省高考模拟）Youonlyhaveonepairofeyes,sotakecareofthem!Butdoyouknowthatitistemptingtothinkthatyoureyesaresimplymirrorsthatreflectwhateverisinfrontofthem?

Researchers,however,41．(show)thatyourbrainisconstantlyworkingtocreatethe42．(impress)ofanuninterruptedandcont

inuousworld.Forinstance,inthelast10minutes,youhaveblinked(眨眼)youreyesaround200times.Youhaveprobablynotbeenawareofany43．theseinterr

uptionsinyourvisualworld.Somethingyouprobablyhavenotseeninalongtimewithouttheaidofmirrors44．(be)yournose.Itisalwaysrightthere,downinthebo

ttomcomerofyourvision,butyourbrainfiltersitoutsothatyouarenotawareofyournose45．youpurposefullylookatit.Norareyoua

wareoftheartery(动脉)46．(run)rightdownthemiddleofyourretina(视网膜).Itcreates47．largeblindspotinyourvisualfield,butyounevernoticethehole

itleaves.Toseethisblindspot48．(clear),trythefollowing:coveryourlefteyewithyourhand.Withyourrighteye,lookatthe0ontheleft.Asy

oumoveyourhead49．(close)tothe0,theXwilldisappearasitenterstheblindspot50．(cause)byyouropticalnerve.Yourbrainworkshardtomaketheworldlookcontinuous!3.（

2020届广东省深圳市高三第一次调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldofmagicand41．(discover),whichiswhy

peopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.Everyyearmanynotableprizes42．(award)tothecreativemindsbehindthebooksweenjoy.Onesu

chprizegoestothebestnewworkofchildren’sfiction.KnownastheNewberyMedal,theawardgotstartedbackin1921,43．FredericMelchersuggestedtheAmericanLibraryAssoc

iationsetupanannualaward44．thebestnewchildren’sbook.Everyoneagreed,andthey45．(eventual)decidedtonametheawardafterJo

hnNewbery,an18th-centuryEnglishpublisherwhohadmadegreatefforts46．(promote)children’sliterature.Thewinningbookisselectedbyacommitteethat47．(var

y)fromyeartoyear,andtheprocessof48．(choose)awinnertakesanentireyear.Sometimes,49．committeewilldesignate(指定)honorbooks,whicharebooksthatmightnothavewo

ntheaward,butarestillconsideredtobevery50．(impress).Sonexttimeyouareatthebookstore,takealookatthechildren’ssection.4.（2020届河南省安阳市高三第二次模拟）Ittake

salotoflandandwater41．(grow)animals.Peoplemightonedaygrowmeatinfactoriesinsteadofhavingtoharvestitfromfarmedanimals.Growingmeatinalabco

uldmean42．(use)feweranimalsandloweringthe43．(environment)costsofraisinglivestock（牲畜）.Sofar,noattemptsatlab-grownmeat44．(

manage)tomatchthetexture（结构，口感）oftheanimalmuscleseatenasmeat.Onenewdevelopmentdoesthisbyusingatechniqueofmakin

gcottoncandy.Itgrowsmeatwithmorestructures.Researchershavealreadyknownhowtogrowcells,45．arethebasisofmeat.However,apileofcellsdoesnot

havethechewytextureofachickenbreast.Cellswithoutasupport46．(be)morelikeasoup,oratbestameatball.Thenewprocessresembles47

．waythatcottoncandyismade,exceptthatitusesgelatin（明胶）insteadofmeltedsugar.Thelab-grownsamplesalllooklikethedifferentnatural48．(meat).Andtheyh

avesimilarmaterialnature,too.Thenatureaffectshowchewy,springyorsoftthemeatis.49．controllinghowthegelatinfibersaret

wisted,thescientistscansetthefibers’arrangementandspacing,whichdetermines50．theman-mademeatendsupmorelikeaburgerorasteak.5.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）阅读下

面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Theearliestelephantrelatives41．(originate)inAfricaabout60millionyears

agoandweredrivenawaytoeverycontinentunearth,exceptAntarcticaandAustralia.Thereareabout16542．(know)elephantspeciesfromthefossilrecord.Howe

ver,scientistsestimatethattherewouldhavebeenmany—morespeciesthatwehaven’tfoundyetinthisbranchof43．evolution

arytreeoflife.44．Earth’smorerecenthistory,between50,000and40,000yearsago,therewere16speciesofelephantswiththeirrelatives45．(

live)atthesametimearoundtheworld,includingatleastsevenintheUnitedStates.Today,thereareonlythreespeciesofelephantsthatremain:theAfricansavannah

elephant(萨凡纳象),theAfricanforestelephant,andtheAsianelephant.46．(population)ofallthreespeciesaredeclining,withAsia

nelephants47．(current)atamuchhigherriskofextinction.Today’selephantsarepartoftheorderProboscidea(长鼻目)thatconsistsofmoderne

lephantsandtheirextinctrelatives.Thiskindof,theanimals48．(have)aproboscis,ortrunk,whichtheyusetoeatanddri

nk.49．todaythereareonlythreespeciesofelephantssurviving,theirevolutionaryhistoryismuch50．(diverse).6.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个

适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Themanedwolfisaweird-lookingbeast.Itis41．distinctspeciesintheCanidaefamily.Thewolvesliveinavasttropicals

avannainSouthAmerica42．(call)theCorrado,whichboastsextraordinaryvarietiesofplantsandanimals.Butthathabitat43．(disappear)graduallyduetorapidexpa

nsionofagriculture.AccordingtoSmithsonianscientistSongsasen,thislarge-scalehabitat44．(lose)threatensthefutureofthemanedwol

fspecies.Eightpercentofthegrasslandhasdisappeared,andonlyfivepercentofthenaturalhabitatthatremains45．(protect)atpresent.SoSongsasenandhistea

mareattemptingtobreedaninsurancepopulationofmanedwolves,46．(basic),abackuppopulationofcaptivemanedwol

ves47．casetheanimalsbecomeextinctinthewild.Inordertoplaymatchmakerforthewolves,Songsasenworkswithscientis

tsalloverthecountry48．(build)ageneticdatabaseofthewolvescurrentlyincaptivity.Eachwolfisgivenageneticvaluecorrespondingwith49．relatedtheya

retootherwolves.The50．(little)relatedtwowolvesare,thebettersuitedtheyareaspotentialmates.That’sbecausegeneticdiversityhelpsapopulationsurvive.

7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenyousaythatsomeonehasagoodmemory,whatdoyoumean?Areyousa

yingthepersonhasfastrecallorthatsheorheabsorbsinformationquickly?Ormaybeyoujustmeanthatthepersonremembersalotabou

tthechildhood.The41．(true)isthatitisdifficulttosayexactlywhatmemoryis.Scientistsbelievethatamemoryisma

deupofbitsandpiecesofinformation42．(store)alloverthebrain.Perhapsthebestwaytodescribememoryistosaythatitisaprocess43．reco

rding,storingandretrieving(提取)information.Itisthisprocess44．allowsustokeepmemoriesofpasteventsandfacts.I

norderforinformationtoberemembered,itmustberecordedinthebrain.And45．(record)somethinginbrain,youhavetonoticeitorregisterit,using46．ormoreofyour

fivesenses——sight,hearing,touch,taste,andsmell.Throughpracticeandrepetitionthepiecesthatmakeupyourmemoryofthatinformation47．(strengthen).Mem

orycanbe48．(negative)affectedbyanumberofthings.Poornutritionanddepressioncanaffecttheabilitytokeepinformation.Over-drinkingalcoh

olcanalsoleadto49．(damage)thebrainoverthelongterm.Avisionorhearingimpairment(损伤)mayaffecttheabilitytonoticecer

tainthings,thusmaking50．hardertorecordinformation.8.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Astogarlicandrawonion,youmightwa

nttoavoidtheirafter-effects,butmanyofthese41．(positive)unfriendlyfoodsaregoodforyou.Infact,althoughthes

mellonyourbreathmaybebad,theeffectsareimmediateandcanlastforhours.Thereasonisthatgarlicandonionscontainsometh

ingthatisverysmellyandcancontribute42．badbreath.Asthefoodsaredigested,thespecialoilstheycontain43．(absorb

)intoyourbloodstreamandyoubreathe44．(they)outuntilthefoodsareremovedfromyourbody.Despiteallthis,youshouldeatthem.Thosewhoaddgarlican

donionstofoodneed45．(little)saltthanthosewhodonot,Soit's46．healthieralternative,saysRebeccaValle,adietitianatAlfredHospit

alinMelbourne,Australia.“Garlicandonionscanalsoprotectagainst47．(disease)andpromotegoodhealth,"shesays

.Sohowdoyouenjoythemwithout48．(offend)everyonearoundyou?Eatinglessofthegarlicandonionanddrinkingplentyofwaterworks.Drinkin

gmilkalsohelpsreducethethings49．causegarlicbreath.Chewinggum,suckingonamintorsippingpeppermintteawilla

lsohelp.Butremember50．(see)yourdoctorifyourbadbreathcontinues.