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专题09语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chopstickspla

yanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.Chinesechopsticksareroundontheeatingendwhichsymbolizesheaven,whiletheotherendissquar

ewhichsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecausekeepingenoughfoodis41．(great)concernthananythingelse.Itisimportantt

onotethatchopsticksareusedinmanydifferentculturesandthereisnosinglestandardfortheuseofchopsticks.Herearesomecustoms

42．(associate)withchopsticksinChina.Playingwithchopsticks43．(consider)badmanners.Andchopsticksshouldnot

beplaced44．(vertical)inabowlofriceorotherfood.Anystick-likeobjectpointingupward45．(resemble)theincense(香)sticksthatpeopl

euse46．offeringstotheirdeadfamilymembers.Itisalsobadmannerstotapchopstickson47．edgeofone’sbowl,becauseinancientChinabe

ggarsoftenmadethisnoise48．(attract)attention.InChinese,“chopsticks”reads“kuaizi”,whichmeans“tohavesonssoon,”soanewly-marriedcouplewillbeveryhapp

ytoacceptchopsticksas49．(they)weddinggift.50．hasalreadybeenfoundoutisthatusingchopsticksimprovesone’smemory

,increasesfingerdexterity(灵巧)andcanbeusefulinlearningandimprovingskillssuchasChinesecharacterprintingandbrushpainting.2.（2020届广东省高考模拟）

Youonlyhaveonepairofeyes,sotakecareofthem!Butdoyouknowthatitistemptingtothinkthatyoureyesaresimplymirrorsthatreflectwhateverisi

nfrontofthem?Researchers,however,41．(show)thatyourbrainisconstantlyworkingtocreatethe42．(impress)ofanuninte

rruptedandcontinuousworld.Forinstance,inthelast10minutes,youhaveblinked(眨眼)youreyesaround200times.Youhaveprobablynot

beenawareofany43．theseinterruptionsinyourvisualworld.Somethingyouprobablyhavenotseeninalongtimewithouttheaidofmirrors44．(be)yo

urnose.Itisalwaysrightthere,downinthebottomcomerofyourvision,butyourbrainfiltersitoutsothatyouarenotawareofyournose45．youpurposefullylook

atit.Norareyouawareoftheartery(动脉)46．(run)rightdownthemiddleofyourretina(视网膜).Itcreates47．largeblindspotinyo

urvisualfield,butyounevernoticetheholeitleaves.Toseethisblindspot48．(clear),trythefollowing:coveryourlefteyewithyour

hand.Withyourrighteye,lookatthe0ontheleft.Asyoumoveyourhead49．(close)tothe0,theXwilldisappearasitenterstheblindspot50．(cause)byyou

ropticalnerve.Yourbrainworkshardtomaketheworldlookcontinuous!3.（2020届广东省深圳市高三第一次调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawo

nderfulnewworldofmagicand41．(discover),whichiswhypeopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.Everyyearmanynotable

prizes42．(award)tothecreativemindsbehindthebooksweenjoy.Onesuchprizegoestothebestnewworkofchildren’sfiction.KnownastheNewberyMeda

l,theawardgotstartedbackin1921,43．FredericMelchersuggestedtheAmericanLibraryAssociationsetupanannualaward44．thebestnewchi

ldren’sbook.Everyoneagreed,andthey45．(eventual)decidedtonametheawardafterJohnNewbery,an18th-centuryEnglishpublisherwhoh

admadegreatefforts46．(promote)children’sliterature.Thewinningbookisselectedbyacommitteethat47．(vary)fromyeartoyear,andtheprocessof48．(choose)awinne

rtakesanentireyear.Sometimes,49．committeewilldesignate(指定)honorbooks,whicharebooksthatmightnothavewontheaward,bu

tarestillconsideredtobevery50．(impress).Sonexttimeyouareatthebookstore,takealookatthechildren’ssection.4.（2020届河

南省安阳市高三第二次模拟）Ittakesalotoflandandwater41．(grow)animals.Peoplemightonedaygrowmeatinfactoriesinsteadofhavingto

harvestitfromfarmedanimals.Growingmeatinalabcouldmean42．(use)feweranimalsandloweringthe43．(environment)costsofraisinglivestock（牲畜）.Sofar,noatt

emptsatlab-grownmeat44．(manage)tomatchthetexture（结构，口感）oftheanimalmuscleseatenasmeat.Onenewdevelopmentdoesthisbyusingatechniqueofmakin

gcottoncandy.Itgrowsmeatwithmorestructures.Researchershavealreadyknownhowtogrowcells,45．arethebasisofmeat.However,a

pileofcellsdoesnothavethechewytextureofachickenbreast.Cellswithoutasupport46．(be)morelikeasoup,oratbestameatball.Thenewprocessresembles

47．waythatcottoncandyismade,exceptthatitusesgelatin（明胶）insteadofmeltedsugar.Thelab-grownsamplesalllooklikethedifferen

tnatural48．(meat).Andtheyhavesimilarmaterialnature,too.Thenatureaffectshowchewy,springyorsoftthemeatis.49．controllinghowt

hegelatinfibersaretwisted,thescientistscansetthefibers’arrangementandspacing,whichdetermines50．theman-mademeatendsupmorelikeaburgerorasteak.5.（20

20届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Theearliestelephantrelatives41．(originate)inAfricaabout60milli

onyearsagoandweredrivenawaytoeverycontinentunearth,exceptAntarcticaandAustralia.Thereareabout16542．(know)elephantspeciesfromthefossilrecord.However,s

cientistsestimatethattherewouldhavebeenmany—morespeciesthatwehaven’tfoundyetinthisbranchof43．evolutionarytreeoflife

.44．Earth’smorerecenthistory,between50,000and40,000yearsago,therewere16speciesofelephantswiththeirrelatives45．(live)atthesametimearoundtheworld,i

ncludingatleastsevenintheUnitedStates.Today,thereareonlythreespeciesofelephantsthatremain:theAfrican

savannahelephant(萨凡纳象),theAfricanforestelephant,andtheAsianelephant.46．(population)ofallthreespeciesaredeclining,withAsiane

lephants47．(current)atamuchhigherriskofextinction.Today’selephantsarepartoftheorderProboscidea(长鼻目)thatconsistsofmodernel

ephantsandtheirextinctrelatives.Thiskindof,theanimals48．(have)aproboscis,ortrunk,whichtheyusetoeatanddrink.49．todaythereareonlythr

eespeciesofelephantssurviving,theirevolutionaryhistoryismuch50．(diverse).6.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

式。Themanedwolfisaweird-lookingbeast.Itis41．distinctspeciesintheCanidaefamily.Thewolvesliveinavasttro

picalsavannainSouthAmerica42．(call)theCorrado,whichboastsextraordinaryvarietiesofplantsandanimals.Butthathabitat4

3．(disappear)graduallyduetorapidexpansionofagriculture.AccordingtoSmithsonianscientistSongsasen,thislarge-scalehabitat44．(lose)threatensthefutureo

fthemanedwolfspecies.Eightpercentofthegrasslandhasdisappeared,andonlyfivepercentofthenaturalhabitatthatremains45．(protect)atpresent.SoSong

sasenandhisteamareattemptingtobreedaninsurancepopulationofmanedwolves,46．(basic),abackuppopulationofcaptivemaned

wolves47．casetheanimalsbecomeextinctinthewild.Inordertoplaymatchmakerforthewolves,Songsasenworkswithscientists

alloverthecountry48．(build)ageneticdatabaseofthewolvescurrentlyincaptivity.Eachwolfisgivenageneticvaluecorre

spondingwith49．relatedtheyaretootherwolves.The50．(little)relatedtwowolvesare,thebettersuitedtheyareaspotentialmates.That’sbecausegen

eticdiversityhelpsapopulationsurvive.7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenyousaythatsomeonehasagoodmemory,whatdoyoumean?Are

yousayingthepersonhasfastrecallorthatsheorheabsorbsinformationquickly?Ormaybeyoujustmeanthatthepersonremembersalotaboutthechildhood.

The41．(true)isthatitisdifficulttosayexactlywhatmemoryis.Scientistsbelievethatamemoryismadeupofbitsandpiecesofinformation42．(store)alloverthebra

in.Perhapsthebestwaytodescribememoryistosaythatitisaprocess43．recording,storingandretrieving(提取)inform

ation.Itisthisprocess44．allowsustokeepmemoriesofpasteventsandfacts.Inorderforinformationtoberemembered,itmustbereco

rdedinthebrain.And45．(record)somethinginbrain,youhavetonoticeitorregisterit,using46．ormoreofyourfivesenses——sight,hearing,touch

,taste,andsmell.Throughpracticeandrepetitionthepiecesthatmakeupyourmemoryofthatinformation47．(strengthen).Memorycanbe48．(negat

ive)affectedbyanumberofthings.Poornutritionanddepressioncanaffecttheabilitytokeepinformation.Over-drin

kingalcoholcanalsoleadto49．(damage)thebrainoverthelongterm.Avisionorhearingimpairment(损伤)mayaffecttheabilitytonotice

certainthings,thusmaking50．hardertorecordinformation.8.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Astogarli

candrawonion,youmightwanttoavoidtheirafter-effects,butmanyofthese41．(positive)unfriendlyfoodsaregoodforyou.Infact,althoughthesmel

lonyourbreathmaybebad,theeffectsareimmediateandcanlastforhours.Thereasonisthatgarlicandonionscontainsomethingthatisverysm

ellyandcancontribute42．badbreath.Asthefoodsaredigested,thespecialoilstheycontain43．(absorb)intoyourbloodstreamandyoubreathe44．(they)o

utuntilthefoodsareremovedfromyourbody.Despiteallthis,youshouldeatthem.Thosewhoaddgarlicandonionstofoodneed45．(little)saltthantho

sewhodonot,Soit's46．healthieralternative,saysRebeccaValle,adietitianatAlfredHospitalinMelbourne,Austral

ia.“Garlicandonionscanalsoprotectagainst47．(disease)andpromotegoodhealth,"shesays.Sohowdoyouenjoythemwithout4

8．(offend)everyonearoundyou?Eatinglessofthegarlicandonionanddrinkingplentyofwaterworks.Drinkingmilkalsohelpsreduce

thethings49．causegarlicbreath.Chewinggum,suckingonamintorsippingpeppermintteawillalsohelp.Butremember50．(see)yourdoctorifyour

badbreathcontinues.