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专题09语法填空之说明文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2020届安徽省合肥市高三第二次质检）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chopsticksplayanimport

antroleinChinesefoodculture.Chinesechopsticksareroundontheeatingendwhichsymbolizesheaven,whiletheotherendissquarewhic

hsymbolizesearth.Thisisbecausekeepingenoughfoodis41．(great)concernthananythingelse.Itisimportanttonotethatchopsticks

areusedinmanydifferentculturesandthereisnosinglestandardfortheuseofchopsticks.Herearesomecustoms42．(associate)with

chopsticksinChina.Playingwithchopsticks43．(consider)badmanners.Andchopsticksshouldnotbeplaced44．(vertical)inabowlof

riceorotherfood.Anystick-likeobjectpointingupward45．(resemble)theincense(香)sticksthatpeopleuse46．off

eringstotheirdeadfamilymembers.Itisalsobadmannerstotapchopstickson47．edgeofone’sbowl,becauseinancientChinabeggarsoftenmadethisnoise48

．(attract)attention.InChinese,“chopsticks”reads“kuaizi”,whichmeans“tohavesonssoon,”soanewly-marriedcouplewillbeveryhappytoacceptcho

psticksas49．(they)weddinggift.50．hasalreadybeenfoundoutisthatusingchopsticksimprovesone’smemory,increasesfinger

dexterity(灵巧)andcanbeusefulinlearningandimprovingskillssuchasChinesecharacterprintingandbrushpainting.2.（2020届广东省高考模拟）Youonlyhaveonepair

ofeyes,sotakecareofthem!Butdoyouknowthatitistemptingtothinkthatyoureyesaresimplymirrorsthatreflectwhateverisinfrontofthem?Researc

hers,however,41．(show)thatyourbrainisconstantlyworkingtocreatethe42．(impress)ofanuninterruptedandcontinuousworld.Forinstance,inthelast10minute

s,youhaveblinked(眨眼)youreyesaround200times.Youhaveprobablynotbeenawareofany43．theseinterruptionsinyourvisualworld.Somethingyouprobablyh

avenotseeninalongtimewithouttheaidofmirrors44．(be)yournose.Itisalwaysrightthere,downinthebottomcomerofyourvision,butyourbrainfilters

itoutsothatyouarenotawareofyournose45．youpurposefullylookatit.Norareyouawareoftheartery(动脉)46．(run)rightdownthemiddleofyourretina(视网膜)

.Itcreates47．largeblindspotinyourvisualfield,butyounevernoticetheholeitleaves.Toseethisblindspot48．(clear),trythefollowing:coveryourleft

eyewithyourhand.Withyourrighteye,lookatthe0ontheleft.Asyoumoveyourhead49．(close)tothe0,theXwilldisap

pearasitenterstheblindspot50．(cause)byyouropticalnerve.Yourbrainworkshardtomaketheworldlookcontinuous!3.（2020届广东省深圳市高三第一次调研）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个

适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Readingabookcanopenthedoortoawonderfulnewworldofmagicand41．(discover),whichiswhypeopleallaroundtheworldlovetoread.Everyy

earmanynotableprizes42．(award)tothecreativemindsbehindthebooksweenjoy.Onesuchprizegoestothebestnewworkofchildre

n’sfiction.KnownastheNewberyMedal,theawardgotstartedbackin1921,43．FredericMelchersuggestedtheAmericanLibraryAssociationsetupanannualaward44．thebe

stnewchildren’sbook.Everyoneagreed,andthey45．(eventual)decidedtonametheawardafterJohnNewbery,an18th-centuryEnglish

publisherwhohadmadegreatefforts46．(promote)children’sliterature.Thewinningbookisselectedbyacommitteethat4

7．(vary)fromyeartoyear,andtheprocessof48．(choose)awinnertakesanentireyear.Sometimes,49．committeewilldesignate(指定)honorbooks,whicharebooksthatm

ightnothavewontheaward,butarestillconsideredtobevery50．(impress).Sonexttimeyouareatthebookstore,takealookatthe

children’ssection.4.（2020届河南省安阳市高三第二次模拟）Ittakesalotoflandandwater41．(grow)animals.Peoplemightonedaygrowmeatinfactoriesinsteadofhavingtoharvesti

tfromfarmedanimals.Growingmeatinalabcouldmean42．(use)feweranimalsandloweringthe43．(environment)costsofraisinglivestock（牲畜）.Sofar,n

oattemptsatlab-grownmeat44．(manage)tomatchthetexture（结构，口感）oftheanimalmuscleseatenasmeat.Onenewdevelopmentdoesthisbyusingatechniqueofmakingcottonc

andy.Itgrowsmeatwithmorestructures.Researchershavealreadyknownhowtogrowcells,45．arethebasisofmeat.However,apil

eofcellsdoesnothavethechewytextureofachickenbreast.Cellswithoutasupport46．(be)morelikeasoup,oratbestameatball.Thenewprocessrese

mbles47．waythatcottoncandyismade,exceptthatitusesgelatin（明胶）insteadofmeltedsugar.Thelab-grownsamplesalllo

oklikethedifferentnatural48．(meat).Andtheyhavesimilarmaterialnature,too.Thenatureaffectshowchewy,springyorsoftthemeatis.49．controllinghow

thegelatinfibersaretwisted,thescientistscansetthefibers’arrangementandspacing,whichdetermines50．theman-mademeatendsupmorelikeaburgerorasteak.5.（2

020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Theearliestelephantrelatives41．(originate)inAfri

caabout60millionyearsagoandweredrivenawaytoeverycontinentunearth,exceptAntarcticaandAustralia.Thereareabout16542．(know)elephantspeciesfro

mthefossilrecord.However,scientistsestimatethattherewouldhavebeenmany—morespeciesthatwehaven’tfoundyetinthisbranchof43．evolutionarytreeoflife.44．Eart

h’smorerecenthistory,between50,000and40,000yearsago,therewere16speciesofelephantswiththeirrelatives45．(live)atthesametimearoundt

heworld,includingatleastsevenintheUnitedStates.Today,thereareonlythreespeciesofelephantsthatremain:theAfricansavannahelephant(萨凡纳象),

theAfricanforestelephant,andtheAsianelephant.46．(population)ofallthreespeciesaredeclining,withAsianelephants47．(current)atamuchhigherris

kofextinction.Today’selephantsarepartoftheorderProboscidea(长鼻目)thatconsistsofmodernelephantsandtheirextinctrelatives.Thiskindof,theanimals

48．(have)aproboscis,ortrunk,whichtheyusetoeatanddrink.49．todaythereareonlythreespeciesofelephantssurviving,theirevolutionaryhistoryism

uch50．(diverse).6.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Themanedwolfisaweird-lookingbeast.Itis41．d

istinctspeciesintheCanidaefamily.ThewolvesliveinavasttropicalsavannainSouthAmerica42．(call)theCorrado,whichboastsextraordinaryvarietiesofplantsan

danimals.Butthathabitat43．(disappear)graduallyduetorapidexpansionofagriculture.AccordingtoSmithsonianscientistSongsasen,this

large-scalehabitat44．(lose)threatensthefutureofthemanedwolfspecies.Eightpercentofthegrasslandhasdisappeared,andonlyfivepercento

fthenaturalhabitatthatremains45．(protect)atpresent.SoSongsasenandhisteamareattemptingtobreedaninsurancepopulatio

nofmanedwolves,46．(basic),abackuppopulationofcaptivemanedwolves47．casetheanimalsbecomeextinctinthewild.Inor

dertoplaymatchmakerforthewolves,Songsasenworkswithscientistsalloverthecountry48．(build)ageneticdatabas

eofthewolvescurrentlyincaptivity.Eachwolfisgivenageneticvaluecorrespondingwith49．relatedtheyaretootherwolves.The

50．(little)relatedtwowolvesare,thebettersuitedtheyareaspotentialmates.That’sbecausegeneticdiversityhelpsapopulationsurv

ive.7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenyousaythatsomeonehasagoodmemory,whatdoy

oumean?Areyousayingthepersonhasfastrecallorthatsheorheabsorbsinformationquickly?Ormaybeyoujustmeanthatthepersonre

membersalotaboutthechildhood.The41．(true)isthatitisdifficulttosayexactlywhatmemoryis.Scientistsbelievethatamemory

ismadeupofbitsandpiecesofinformation42．(store)alloverthebrain.Perhapsthebestwaytodescribememoryistosaythatitisaprocess43．recording,storingan

dretrieving(提取)information.Itisthisprocess44．allowsustokeepmemoriesofpasteventsandfacts.Inorderforinformationtoberemembered,itmustbereco

rdedinthebrain.And45．(record)somethinginbrain,youhavetonoticeitorregisterit,using46．ormoreofyourfivesenses

——sight,hearing,touch,taste,andsmell.Throughpracticeandrepetitionthepiecesthatmakeupyourmemoryofthatinformation47．(strengthen).Memorycan

be48．(negative)affectedbyanumberofthings.Poornutritionanddepressioncanaffecttheabilitytokeepinformation.Over-drinkingalcohol

canalsoleadto49．(damage)thebrainoverthelongterm.Avisionorhearingimpairment(损伤)mayaffecttheabilityton

oticecertainthings,thusmaking50．hardertorecordinformation.8.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Astogarlicandrawo

nion,youmightwanttoavoidtheirafter-effects,butmanyofthese41．(positive)unfriendlyfoodsaregoodforyou.Infact,

althoughthesmellonyourbreathmaybebad,theeffectsareimmediateandcanlastforhours.Thereasonisthatgarlicandonionscontainsomethingthatis

verysmellyandcancontribute42．badbreath.Asthefoodsaredigested,thespecialoilstheycontain43．(absorb)intoyourbloodstreamandyoubreathe44．(they)outunt

ilthefoodsareremovedfromyourbody.Despiteallthis,youshouldeatthem.Thosewhoaddgarlicandonionstofoodneed45．(little)saltthanthosewhodonot,Soit's46．

healthieralternative,saysRebeccaValle,adietitianatAlfredHospitalinMelbourne,Australia.“Garlicandonionscanalsoprotectagainst47．(disease)andpromo

tegoodhealth,"shesays.Sohowdoyouenjoythemwithout48．(offend)everyonearoundyou?Eatinglessofthegarlicandonionanddrinkingplentyofwaterworks.

Drinkingmilkalsohelpsreducethethings49．causegarlicbreath.Chewinggum,suckingonamintorsippingpeppermintteawillalsohelp.Butremember5

0．(see)yourdoctorifyourbadbreathcontinues.