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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）Scientist，conservationorganizationsandgovernmenttryingtostopthetrendofextinction（灭绝）oftenfocusonprot

ectedareassuchasnationalparksandwildlifepreserves.Butwithasmanyasmillionspecies（物种）atrisk，thisplanofactionmaynotbeenoughtoconserv

ewildlife.Slowingthemassextinctionthatnowappearstobeunderwaywillrequiremorecreativemeansofcoexistingalongsi

dewildplantsandanimals.Anewstudyindicatestheeffectivenessofsomesuchapproachesbyexaminingsomelandsmanag

edbyindigenousgroups.“Weshowreallystronglythat，fromabiodiversitystandpointintermsofspeciesrichness，indigenous－managedlan

dsareatleastcomparabletoprotectedareas，”saysbiologistRichardSchusterofCarletonUniversity.Andinsomeplaces，theyarebe

tterthanparksandpreserves－eventhoughindigenouscommunitiesmayusetheirlands‟resourcesbyhuntingorsearchingforfood.Schusterandhisteamanalyzedmorethan

15，000areasinAustralia，BrazilandCanada.Theyfoundthatthetotaldiversityofwildlifewashighestonlandseithermanage

dorco－managedbyindigenousgroups，whilerandomlyselectedareaswithnoformalprotectionweretheleastbio－diverse.Forthreatenedspec

iesinparticular，indigenouslandsscoredslightlyhigherthanprotectedlandsonoverallspeciesrichnessinBrazi

landCanada，aswellashigherforthreatenedanimalsinAustralia.Eachcountryhasadifferentgeography，climateandhistory.Yetrem

arkably，Schustersays，thebestindicatorforspeciesdiversityiswhetheragivenareawasmanagedbyanindigenouscommunit

y.Hepointedoutthatpracticessuchassustainable（可持续的）hunting，fishingandsearching，aswellasburning，aremorelikelytoo

ccurinsuchareas.DonHankins，anecologistatCaliforniaStateUniversity，agrees.“there‟sprobablygoingtobemo

reofaconnectiontotheland，”hesays，“andauseofthelandforthethingsthatarethere，comparedtoanationalpark.”“It‟sreallyimportanttoliste

ntothepeoplewholiveonthelandandhavethemdrivethestewardshipeffortsgoingforward，”Schustersays，addingthatpartneringwithindigenouscommunitiesmayenabl

etheworld‟scountriestobettermeetawiderangeofconservationgoals：“Wereallyneedallthehelpwecangetasaglobalcommunitytopreventspeciesextinctionthatwe‟re

facingrightnow.”8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”probablymeaninParagraph2？A．Social.B．Native.C．Protected.D．Threatened.9．WhatdidRichardSchusterf

indinhisstudy？A．Nationalparksareevenhigherinspeciesdiversity.B．Indigenouscommunitiesoverhuntedontheirlands.C．Somepreservesalmosthavenoformalprotect

ion.D．Indigenouslandsdobetterinkeepingbio－diversity.10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDonHankinsagreewith？A．Speciesdi

versitydependsongeographicalpositions.B．Humans‟everydayactivitiesarenolongersustainable.C．Indigenousgroupshaveaclosebondwiththeirlands.D．Protectedar

easworkperfectlyinwildlifeprotection.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．Beatingbackextinction.B．Dealingwithenvi

ronmentalproblems.C．Settingupnaturereserves.D．Fightingagainstunsustainablebehaviors.2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第

三次质检）IgrewupinaMidwesterntownwherethepopularwisdomwastoonlytalkaboutwhatwaspleasantandtokeepsecrets，ifnecessary，tomakethathappen.Thismeantstay

ingmumwhensomeoneoffendedyou，rarelyexpressingunpleasantfeelingsandsmilingslightlymorethanisnecessary.Italsomeantzeroroomforairingany

sortofdirtylaundry，especiallynotthekindsofpersonalsecretsthatkeeppeopleup.Manyofusliketobelievethathidingunpleasanttruthsmightmakethemeven

tuallygoaway.Instead，keepingsecrets—especiallyheavyones—canspinanevenmorecomplicatedweboflonelinessanddecepti

on（欺骗）.Sowhydowedoit？Thetruthcanhurt.Butinmanysituations，it‟sbettertogetitoutandlettherecoverystart，ratherthanallowin

gittobemoreharmful.Theburdenofholdinginthetruthdoesn‟tjustdisappear.Ithidesinthebackofyourmindandcancausedisordertoyourlifeandhealt

h.“Ifthesituationsinyourdailylifeareregularremindersofthesecret，andyoufinditstressfultokeepit，thenyes，itcanhaveemotional（感情

上的）andphysicalconsequences，”saysDr.DeanMcKay.“Somepeoplealsofindkeepingsecretsstressfuloutofageneralconcerntheywill„slip‟，andthisfrequentthoug

htofthesecretcaninitselfbestressful.”Thisdifficultyisespeciallyworseifyoufeeltrappedbythesecret，orifitbringsupotherunpleasa

ntfeelingslikeguilt，shameoranxiety.Ifyoudodecidethatyoursecretstookyourjoyawayandwouldbebetteroffbeingletoutintotheworld，andif

thatsecretdoesn‟tputotherpeopleinphysicaldanger，therearehealthywaystoshareit.12．WhatisconsideredwiseformostpeopleintheMidwesterntown？A．Exp

ressingfeelingsfreely.B．Keepingunpleasanttruthssecret.C．Answeringviolencewithviolence.D．Sharingprivatematterswi

thfriends.13．Whatisasuggestedwaytodealwiththeunpleasantsituations？A．Tohideyourfeelings.B．Totellawhitelie.C

．Tomakenoresponse.D．Toexposethetruth.14．Whatcanbeinferredaboutsecretsinthetext？A．Theyarebadforyourhealth.B

．Theyarehardlyacceptedbypeople.C．Theybringupmorepositivefeelings.D．Theyhelppreventdisorderinyourlife.15．Wha

twillprobablybetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A．Reasonsforholdingsecrets.B．Waystosharesecrets.C．Do

ubtsaboutbreakingsecrets.D．Tipsonkeepingsecrets.3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）Look!Apolarbearislyinglifelessonabeach.Onth

eshore,inthebackground,standthreeguards,talkingtoeachother.Oneofthemhasadeadlyweaponhangingcasuallyon

hisshoulder.Thispowerfulimagehasthrownintoquestionthemotivationforthiskindoftourism,orecotourism.Doesourp

roximity(接近)tolargeanimalsinthewild,frequentlyfueledbyadesireforexcitingimages,leadtosuchanimalsbecomingaccustomedtohumancontact?Ifthatisthecase,

surelythelosingsidewillenduppayingtheultimatepriceforsuchproximity.Tomysorrow,IhaverecentlyreturnedfromatriptoSvalbar

d,andindeedstoodtwoweeksagoontheverybeachwherethebearwasshot.Thebear‟sdeathshouldneverhavehappened.Wasthebea

chexaminedfromtheshipoffshorebeforehand?Wasthereaccesstoflares(照明弹)toscareoffabearthatappearedsuddenly?Thesearestandardmeasuresforanyrespecte

doperator.Theincidentisprobablytheresultofaterriblesystemicfailure.Nevertheless,theincidentshouldnotnegatethevalueofecotourism.Initsbestform,t

hiskindoftravelhasverylittleimpact,orindeedhasapositiveeffect,ontheenvironmentwhereittakesplace.Thiscanbebymakingfinancialdonationstoconservationg

roups,providingincometolocalcommunities,orensuringprotectionofcertainareasoranimals.InSvalbard,visitorsbecomeambassadorsfortheendangeredpolarbear,inc

reasingawarenessofthefactthatthefargreaterdangerfacingthemissea-icemeltintheArcticOcean.Ecotourismisexpandingmar

ketthatbringsbenefitsaswellaschallengestotheregionsaroundtheworldinwhichitoperates.Simplyclosingofftheseregionsisnottheanswer.

8．Whywasthepolarbeardead?A．Itwasprobablyhuntforitsfurbytourists.B．Itwasprobablyfrightenedtodeathbyflares.C．Theproperproceduresweren

‟tprobablyfollowed.D．Thebeachwasn‟tprobablyequippedwithsafetydevices.9．Whatisthethirdparagraghmainlyabout?A．Ecotourismcouldbedev

elopedproperly.B．Financialawarenesshasgreatlyadvocated.C．Environmentalawarenesshasgreatlyincreased.D．Visitorshaveaguiltyconscienceaboutec

otourism.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraghsuggest?A．Morechallengesfromguardshaven‟tyetbeenaccepted.B．Be

ttermeasuresforconductingecotourismareagoodchoice.C．Theenvironmentalbenefitsfromecotourismareveryobvious.D．Theposi

tiveeffectsofprotectingtouristshaven‟tyetbeenfelt.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocausereaderstofocusonpolarbears.B．Tostimulatereaderstoreflec

tonecotourism.C．Tostresssideeffectsthatecotourismhascaused.D．Toanalyzethereasonwhythepolarbearwaskilled.4.（2020届广东省高考模

拟）Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexploretheg

rowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefir

stmultimediabooks-releasedinBritainonFriday-includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgr

oundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica,worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat,fo

rexample,readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy'sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfor

ebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics,however,willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.C

arolineMichel,chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency,saidthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid,“Youngpeopl

ehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat'swhatthemark

etwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack'ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser'sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage,thesoftwarereassesseswher

eyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步),aclickonanywordwillre-setit.Someautho

rsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls,authorofOneDay,thebestsellernowrel

easedasafilm,said,“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI‟mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride,thecrim

ewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller,sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid,“IfI‟mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.

Idon'tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”12．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswi

thsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders'imaginati

on.13．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook'sexcitingpoin

t.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.14．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy.B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls.D．StuartMacBride.1

5．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．E

ighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）Aswecontinuetoexplorefartheroutinto

oursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumanslivingonotherplanetsoftencomesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMarsforexample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisana

turaldesiretoexploreasfaraswecango,andalsotoextendhumanity'spresenceonapermanentoratleastsemi-permanentbasis.Inorderto

dothis,however,itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoonforexample,acolonymustbeself-sustainingandprotectitsinhabitant

sfromtheairless,harshenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.WhilefuturebasescouldadapttotheMartianenvironmento

vertimethereisalsothepossibilityofmodifyingthesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustco-existingwithit.Thisisthepr

ocessofterraforming-adjustingMars‟atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarth-like.Butthebiggerquestionis,should

we?OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,thenlarge-s

calehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits.Smallcolonicsmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynativehabitats,ifthe

yexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsisl

ifeless?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.

We‟vealreadydonetoomuchdamagehereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheircurrentnaturalstate

,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirhistoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.Weshouldappreciate(hedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttra

nsformingthemtosuitourownambitions.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AIstherelifeonMars?B．CanweadapttoMars?C．Shoul

dweterraformMars?D．AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?9．WhatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMars?A．Ensurethatit'snotharmed.B．Negotiate

withtheMartians.C．Changetheunpopulatedregions.D．Assesstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A．Comple

x.B．Native.C．Foreign.D．Intelligent.11．Howdoestheauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A．Byreferringtoothers'research.B．Byeva

luatingdifferentplanets.C．Byjustifyingthebenefitsofterraforming.D．Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量

监测）Walkingthroughalocalparkrecently,IsawateenageboywearingaT-shirtthatread:“Effortwinsovertalent.”Itremindedmeo

fanideaIthinkaboutoften,thatifyoubelieveyoucanlearnnewthingsanddevelopnewskills,byworkinghard,youaremorelikelytoachievethoseg

oals.ThiscriticalinsightwasbroughtupbyDr.CarolDweck,aStanfordUniversitypsychologist,asa“growthmindset”.AccordingtoD

r.Dweck‟sresearch,“talentisnotfixed.”StudiesbyDweckandothershaveshownstudentswhohaveafixedmindsetseenewl

earningexperiencesasamomenttobejudged,notanopportunitytolearn.Thiscanmakelearningapainfulstruggle,lead

ingmanytogiveup.Studentswhohaveagrowthmindset,ontheotherhand,experiencechallengesasthewaytolearnandimprove.Theyseehardworkasbeingaboutlearning.Overa

ll,theylearnandachieveathigherlevels,evenwhentheystartoutatthesameplaceasthosewithfixedmindsets.WhileDweckidentifiedgrowthmindsetm

orethanadecadeago,herinsightswerenotmadeup.Theyhavesincebeenbackedupbybrainscience,madepossiblebynewtechnologythatallowsresearcherstoseeimagesoftheb

rainatwork.Studiesshowthat,whenapersonrespondstonewanddifficultmaterialbyengaginginastruggletolearn,theneuronsintheirbraingrow.Believingthatyoucan

growyourabilitiesthrougheffort—thattalentisnotfixed—iscrucial(要的).AsDweckputsitinherTEDtalk,weneedtofocusonshowingyoungpeoplethe"Powerof

Yet”meaning,Ihaven'tlearnedthisyet,orI'mnotgoodatthisyet.Growthmindsetisanimportantideaforeducatorsandschools,butit'salsoapowerfultoolthat

everyonecanusetohelpthemselvestolearnandachieveathighlevels.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insight”inparagraph1mean?A．Scenery.B．Research

.C．Question.D．Idea.13．Howisparagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bygivingexplanations.C．Bylistingexamples.D．Bydescribingde

tails.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsgrowthmindset?A．“Wow,youarereallygiftedinmaths.”B．“Ijustdon'tunderstandityet.”C．“

Youareacleverstudent.”D．“Mytalentsdetermineeverything.”15．Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussnext?A．Whytodevelopabettermindset.B．Whentoobtainabet

termindset.C．Howtoapplythegrowthmindset.D．Wheretolearnthegrowthmindset.