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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）Scientist，conservationorganizationsandgovernmenttryingtostopthetrendofextinction（灭绝）often

focusonprotectedareassuchasnationalparksandwildlifepreserves.Butwithasmanyasmillionspecies（物种）atrisk，thisplanofactionmaynot

beenoughtoconservewildlife.Slowingthemassextinctionthatnowappearstobeunderwaywillrequiremorecreative

meansofcoexistingalongsidewildplantsandanimals.Anewstudyindicatestheeffectivenessofsomesuchapproachesbyexamining

somelandsmanagedbyindigenousgroups.“Weshowreallystronglythat，fromabiodiversitystandpointintermsofspeciesrichness，indigenous－managed

landsareatleastcomparabletoprotectedareas，”saysbiologistRichardSchusterofCarletonUniversity.Andinsomeplaces，theyarebettert

hanparksandpreserves－eventhoughindigenouscommunitiesmayusetheirlands‟resourcesbyhuntingorsearchingforfood.

Schusterandhisteamanalyzedmorethan15，000areasinAustralia，BrazilandCanada.Theyfoundthatthetotaldiversityofwildlifewashighestonlandseith

ermanagedorco－managedbyindigenousgroups，whilerandomlyselectedareaswithnoformalprotectionweretheleastbio－diverse.Forth

reatenedspeciesinparticular，indigenouslandsscoredslightlyhigherthanprotectedlandsonoverallspeciesric

hnessinBrazilandCanada，aswellashigherforthreatenedanimalsinAustralia.Eachcountryhasadifferentgeography，climateandhistory.Yetr

emarkably，Schustersays，thebestindicatorforspeciesdiversityiswhetheragivenareawasmanagedbyanindigenouscommunity.Hepointedoutthatpracticessuchassusta

inable（可持续的）hunting，fishingandsearching，aswellasburning，aremorelikelytooccurinsuchareas.DonHankins，anecologistatCaliforn

iaStateUniversity，agrees.“there‟sprobablygoingtobemoreofaconnectiontotheland，”hesays，“andauseofthelandforthethingsthatar

ethere，comparedtoanationalpark.”“It‟sreallyimportanttolistentothepeoplewholiveonthelandandhavethemdr

ivethestewardshipeffortsgoingforward，”Schustersays，addingthatpartneringwithindigenouscommunitiesmayenabletheworld‟scountriestobettermeetawider

angeofconservationgoals：“Wereallyneedallthehelpwecangetasaglobalcommunitytopreventspeciesextinctionthatw

e‟refacingrightnow.”8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”probablymeaninParagraph2？A．Social.B．Native.C．Protected.D．Threatened.9．WhatdidRichardSchus

terfindinhisstudy？A．Nationalparksareevenhigherinspeciesdiversity.B．Indigenouscommunitiesoverhuntedontheirlands.C．

Somepreservesalmosthavenoformalprotection.D．Indigenouslandsdobetterinkeepingbio－diversity.10．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDonHankinsagreewith？A．

Speciesdiversitydependsongeographicalpositions.B．Humans‟everydayactivitiesarenolongersustainable.C．Indigenousg

roupshaveaclosebondwiththeirlands.D．Protectedareasworkperfectlyinwildlifeprotection.11．Whatisthetextma

inlyabout？A．Beatingbackextinction.B．Dealingwithenvironmentalproblems.C．Settingupnaturereserves.D．Fightingagainstunsustainablebeh

aviors.2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）IgrewupinaMidwesterntownwherethepopularwisdomwastoonlytalkaboutwhatwaspleas

antandtokeepsecrets，ifnecessary，tomakethathappen.Thismeantstayingmumwhensomeoneoffendedyou，rarelyexpressingunpleasantfeelingsandsmilingslightl

ymorethanisnecessary.Italsomeantzeroroomforairinganysortofdirtylaundry，especiallynotthekindsofpersonalsec

retsthatkeeppeopleup.Manyofusliketobelievethathidingunpleasanttruthsmightmakethemeventuallygoaway.Instead，keepingsecrets—especiallyheavyones—canspi

nanevenmorecomplicatedweboflonelinessanddeception（欺骗）.Sowhydowedoit？Thetruthcanhurt.Butinmanysituations

，it‟sbettertogetitoutandlettherecoverystart，ratherthanallowingittobemoreharmful.Theburdenofholdinginthe

truthdoesn‟tjustdisappear.Ithidesinthebackofyourmindandcancausedisordertoyourlifeandhealth.“Ifthesituationsinyourdail

ylifeareregularremindersofthesecret，andyoufinditstressfultokeepit，thenyes，itcanhaveemotional（感情上的）andphysicalconsequences，”say

sDr.DeanMcKay.“Somepeoplealsofindkeepingsecretsstressfuloutofageneralconcerntheywill„slip‟，andthisfre

quentthoughtofthesecretcaninitselfbestressful.”Thisdifficultyisespeciallyworseifyoufeeltrappedbythesecret，orifitbringsupotherunpleasantfeeling

slikeguilt，shameoranxiety.Ifyoudodecidethatyoursecretstookyourjoyawayandwouldbebetteroffbeingletoutintothewor

ld，andifthatsecretdoesn‟tputotherpeopleinphysicaldanger，therearehealthywaystoshareit.12．WhatisconsideredwiseformostpeopleintheMidwesterntown？A．E

xpressingfeelingsfreely.B．Keepingunpleasanttruthssecret.C．Answeringviolencewithviolence.D．Sharingprivatematterswi

thfriends.13．Whatisasuggestedwaytodealwiththeunpleasantsituations？A．Tohideyourfeelings.B．Totellawhitelie.C．Tomakenoresponse.D．T

oexposethetruth.14．Whatcanbeinferredaboutsecretsinthetext？A．Theyarebadforyourhealth.B．Theyarehardlyacceptedbypeople.C．Th

eybringupmorepositivefeelings.D．Theyhelppreventdisorderinyourlife.15．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A．Reaso

nsforholdingsecrets.B．Waystosharesecrets.C．Doubtsaboutbreakingsecrets.D．Tipsonkeepingsecrets.3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）Look!Apolarbearislyin

glifelessonabeach.Ontheshore,inthebackground,standthreeguards,talkingtoeachother.Oneofthemhasadeadlyweaponhangingcasuallyonhisshoulder.Thispowe

rfulimagehasthrownintoquestionthemotivationforthiskindoftourism,orecotourism.Doesourproximity(接近)tolargeanimalsinthewild,frequentl

yfueledbyadesireforexcitingimages,leadtosuchanimalsbecomingaccustomedtohumancontact?Ifthatisthecase,surelythelosingsidewillenduppayingtheultimate

priceforsuchproximity.Tomysorrow,IhaverecentlyreturnedfromatriptoSvalbard,andindeedstoodtwoweeksagoontheverybeachwherethebearwasshot.Thebear‟

sdeathshouldneverhavehappened.Wasthebeachexaminedfromtheshipoffshorebeforehand?Wasthereaccesstoflares(照明弹)toscareoffabeartha

tappearedsuddenly?Thesearestandardmeasuresforanyrespectedoperator.Theincidentisprobablytheresultofate

rriblesystemicfailure.Nevertheless,theincidentshouldnotnegatethevalueofecotourism.Initsbestform,thiskindoftravelhasverylittleimpact,orindeedhasa

positiveeffect,ontheenvironmentwhereittakesplace.Thiscanbebymakingfinancialdonationstoconservationgroups,providingincometoloca

lcommunities,orensuringprotectionofcertainareasoranimals.InSvalbard,visitorsbecomeambassadorsfortheendangeredpola

rbear,increasingawarenessofthefactthatthefargreaterdangerfacingthemissea-icemeltintheArcticOcean.Ecotourismisexpa

ndingmarketthatbringsbenefitsaswellaschallengestotheregionsaroundtheworldinwhichitoperates.Simplyclosingoffthese

regionsisnottheanswer.8．Whywasthepolarbeardead?A．Itwasprobablyhuntforitsfurbytourists.B．Itwasprobablyfrighte

nedtodeathbyflares.C．Theproperproceduresweren‟tprobablyfollowed.D．Thebeachwasn‟tprobablyequippedwithsafetydevices.9．Whatisthethirdparagraghm

ainlyabout?A．Ecotourismcouldbedevelopedproperly.B．Financialawarenesshasgreatlyadvocated.C．Environmentalawarenesshasgreatlyincreased.D．Visitorshave

aguiltyconscienceaboutecotourism.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraghsuggest?A．Morechallengesfromguardshaven‟tyetbeen

accepted.B．Bettermeasuresforconductingecotourismareagoodchoice.C．Theenvironmentalbenefitsfromecotourismareveryobvious.D．Thepositiveeffectsofprote

ctingtouristshaven‟tyetbeenfelt.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocausereaderstofocusonpolarbears.B．Tostimulatereade

rstoreflectonecotourism.C．Tostresssideeffectsthatecotourismhascaused.D．Toanalyzethereasonwhythepolarbearwaskilled.4.（2020届广

东省高考模拟）Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplore

thegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultim

ediabooks-releasedinBritainonFriday-includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcit

ingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica,worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat,forexa

mple,readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy'sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforeb

ooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics,however,willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhav

ingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel,chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency,saidthenewgenerationo

fcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid,“Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheym

aybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat'swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtoth

emarket.”Booktrack'ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser'sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage,thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedin

thetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步),aclickonanywordwillre-s

etit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.Davi

dNicholls,authorofOneDay,thebestsellernowreleasedasafilm,said,“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI‟mc

onstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride,thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller,sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicd

ownloads.Hesaid,“IfI‟mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon'tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Th

atwouldirritateme.”12．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C

．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders'imagination.13．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtrac

ktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook'sexcitingpoint.D．Ge

treadersfamiliarwiththebackground.14．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy.B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls.D．StuartMacBride.15

．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eigh

ty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）Aswecont

inuetoexplorefartheroutintooursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumanslivingonotherplanetsoftencomesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMarsfore

xample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisanaturaldesiretoexploreasfaraswecango,andalsotoextendhumanity'spresenceonapermanentoratleastsemi-permanentba

sis.Inordertodothis,however,itisnecessarytoadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoonforexample,acolonymustbeself-sustainingandp

rotectitsinhabitantsfromtheairless,harshenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.Whilefuturebasescouldadapt

totheMartianenvironmentovertimethereisalsothepossibilityofmodifyingthesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustco-existingwithit.

Thisistheprocessofterraforming-adjustingMars‟atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarth-like.Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldw

e?OneofthemainissuesiswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheansw

erisyes,thenlarge-scalehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits.Smallcolonicsmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeattheexpenseofanynat

ivehabitats,iftheyexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsis

lifeless?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.We‟vealreadydonetoomuchdamageh

ereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheircurrentnaturalstate,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirhistoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.

Weshouldappreciate(hedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttransformingthemtosuitourownambitions.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AIstherelifeonMar

s?B．CanweadapttoMars?C．ShouldweterraformMars?D．AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?9．WhatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMa

rs?A．Ensurethatit'snotharmed.B．NegotiatewiththeMartians.C．Changetheunpopulatedregions.D．Assesstheadvantagesa

nddisadvantages.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A．Complex.B．Native.C．Foreign.D．Intelligent.11．Howdoes

theauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A．Byreferringtoothers'research.B．Byevaluatingdifferentplanets.C．Byjustifyingthebenefitsofterraf

orming.D．Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）Walkingthroughalocalparkrecently,Isawateenageboywearinga

T-shirtthatread:“Effortwinsovertalent.”ItremindedmeofanideaIthinkaboutoften,thatifyoubelieveyoucanlearn

newthingsanddevelopnewskills,byworkinghard,youaremorelikelytoachievethosegoals.Thiscriticalinsightwasbr

oughtupbyDr.CarolDweck,aStanfordUniversitypsychologist,asa“growthmindset”.AccordingtoDr.Dweck‟sresearch,“talenti

snotfixed.”StudiesbyDweckandothershaveshownstudentswhohaveafixedmindsetseenewlearningexperiencesasamoment

tobejudged,notanopportunitytolearn.Thiscanmakelearningapainfulstruggle,leadingmanytogiveup.Studentswhohaveagr

owthmindset,ontheotherhand,experiencechallengesasthewaytolearnandimprove.Theyseehardworkasbeingaboutlearning.Overall,theylearnandachieveathigh

erlevels,evenwhentheystartoutatthesameplaceasthosewithfixedmindsets.WhileDweckidentifiedgrowthmindsetmorethanadecadeago,herinsightsweren

otmadeup.Theyhavesincebeenbackedupbybrainscience,madepossiblebynewtechnologythatallowsresearcherstoseeimagesofthebrai

natwork.Studiesshowthat,whenapersonrespondstonewanddifficultmaterialbyengaginginastruggletolearn,theneuronsintheirbraingrow.Believingthat

youcangrowyourabilitiesthrougheffort—thattalentisnotfixed—iscrucial(要的).AsDweckputsitinherTEDtalk,weneedtofocusonshowingyoung

peoplethe"PowerofYet”meaning,Ihaven'tlearnedthisyet,orI'mnotgoodatthisyet.Growthmindsetisanimportantideaforeducatorsandschools,butit'salsoapowerfu

ltoolthateveryonecanusetohelpthemselvestolearnandachieveathighlevels.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insight”inparagraph1mean?A．Scenery.B．Resea

rch.C．Question.D．Idea.13．Howisparagraph2mainlydeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bygivingexplanations.C．Bylis

tingexamples.D．Bydescribingdetails.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsgrowthmindset?A．“Wow,youarereallygiftedi

nmaths.”B．“Ijustdon'tunderstandityet.”C．“Youareacleverstudent.”D．“Mytalentsdetermineeverything.”15．Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussnext?A．Whytod

evelopabettermindset.B．Whentoobtainabettermindset.C．Howtoapplythegrowthmindset.D．Wheretolearnthegrowthmindset.