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专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）Scientist，conservationorganizationsandgovernmenttryingtostopthetrendofextinction（灭绝）oftenfocusonprotec

tedareassuchasnationalparksandwildlifepreserves.Butwithasmanyasmillionspecies（物种）atrisk，thisplanofactionmaynotbeenoughtoconservewildlife.Slowingthe

massextinctionthatnowappearstobeunderwaywillrequiremorecreativemeansofcoexistingalongsidewildplantsandanimals.Anewstudyindicatestheeffectiveness

ofsomesuchapproachesbyexaminingsomelandsmanagedbyindigenousgroups.“Weshowreallystronglythat，fromabiodiversitystandpointintermsofspeciesrichnes

s，indigenous－managedlandsareatleastcomparabletoprotectedareas，”saysbiologistRichardSchusterofCarletonUniversity.Andinsomeplaces，theyarebetter

thanparksandpreserves－eventhoughindigenouscommunitiesmayusetheirlands‟resourcesbyhuntingorsearchingforfood.Schusteran

dhisteamanalyzedmorethan15，000areasinAustralia，BrazilandCanada.Theyfoundthatthetotaldiversityofwildlifewashighestonlandseithermanagedorco－m

anagedbyindigenousgroups，whilerandomlyselectedareaswithnoformalprotectionweretheleastbio－diverse.Forthreatenedspec

iesinparticular，indigenouslandsscoredslightlyhigherthanprotectedlandsonoverallspeciesrichnessinBrazilandCanada，aswellashigherforthreatenedanimal

sinAustralia.Eachcountryhasadifferentgeography，climateandhistory.Yetremarkably，Schustersays，thebestindicatorforspeciesdiversityiswhetheragivenarea

wasmanagedbyanindigenouscommunity.Hepointedoutthatpracticessuchassustainable（可持续的）hunting，fishingandsearching，aswellasburning，a

remorelikelytooccurinsuchareas.DonHankins，anecologistatCaliforniaStateUniversity，agrees.“there‟sprobablygoingtobemoreofaconne

ctiontotheland，”hesays，“andauseofthelandforthethingsthatarethere，comparedtoanationalpark.”“It‟sreallyimportanttolistentothepeoplewholiveonthelandan

dhavethemdrivethestewardshipeffortsgoingforward，”Schustersays，addingthatpartneringwithindigenouscommunitiesmayenabletheworld‟scountriesto

bettermeetawiderangeofconservationgoals：“Wereallyneedallthehelpwecangetasaglobalcommunitytopreventspeciesextinctionthatwe‟refa

cingrightnow.”8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”probablymeaninParagraph2？A．Social.B．Native.C．Protected.D．Threatened.9．WhatdidRichardSchu

sterfindinhisstudy？A．Nationalparksareevenhigherinspeciesdiversity.B．Indigenouscommunitiesoverhuntedonth

eirlands.C．Somepreservesalmosthavenoformalprotection.D．Indigenouslandsdobetterinkeepingbio－diversity.10．Whichofthefollowing

statementsmayDonHankinsagreewith？A．Speciesdiversitydependsongeographicalpositions.B．Humans‟everydayactivitiesarenolonge

rsustainable.C．Indigenousgroupshaveaclosebondwiththeirlands.D．Protectedareasworkperfectlyinwildlifeprotection.11．Whatisthetex

tmainlyabout？A．Beatingbackextinction.B．Dealingwithenvironmentalproblems.C．Settingupnaturereserves.D．Fightingagainstunsustainab

lebehaviors.2.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）IgrewupinaMidwesterntownwherethepopularwisdomwastoonlytalkaboutwhatwaspleasantandtokee

psecrets，ifnecessary，tomakethathappen.Thismeantstayingmumwhensomeoneoffendedyou，rarelyexpressingunpleasantfeelingsandsmilingslight

lymorethanisnecessary.Italsomeantzeroroomforairinganysortofdirtylaundry，especiallynotthekindsofpersonalsecretsthatkeeppeopleup.Manyofusliketob

elievethathidingunpleasanttruthsmightmakethemeventuallygoaway.Instead，keepingsecrets—especiallyheavyones—canspinane

venmorecomplicatedweboflonelinessanddeception（欺骗）.Sowhydowedoit？Thetruthcanhurt.Butinmanysituations，it‟sbettert

ogetitoutandlettherecoverystart，ratherthanallowingittobemoreharmful.Theburdenofholdinginthetruthdoesn‟tjustd

isappear.Ithidesinthebackofyourmindandcancausedisordertoyourlifeandhealth.“Ifthesituationsinyourdailylifeareregularremindersofthese

cret，andyoufinditstressfultokeepit，thenyes，itcanhaveemotional（感情上的）andphysicalconsequences，”saysDr.DeanMcKay.“Somepeoplealsofindkeepingsecretsst

ressfuloutofageneralconcerntheywill„slip‟，andthisfrequentthoughtofthesecretcaninitselfbestressful.”Thisdifficultyisespeciallyworseifyoufe

eltrappedbythesecret，orifitbringsupotherunpleasantfeelingslikeguilt，shameoranxiety.Ifyoudodecidethatyoursecrets

tookyourjoyawayandwouldbebetteroffbeingletoutintotheworld，andifthatsecretdoesn‟tputotherpeopleinphysicaldanger，th

erearehealthywaystoshareit.12．WhatisconsideredwiseformostpeopleintheMidwesterntown？A．Expressingfeelingsfreely.B．Keepingunpleasanttruth

ssecret.C．Answeringviolencewithviolence.D．Sharingprivatematterswithfriends.13．Whatisasuggestedwaytodealwiththeunpleasantsit

uations？A．Tohideyourfeelings.B．Totellawhitelie.C．Tomakenoresponse.D．Toexposethetruth.14．Whatcanbeinferr

edaboutsecretsinthetext？A．Theyarebadforyourhealth.B．Theyarehardlyacceptedbypeople.C．Theybringupmorepositivefeelings.D．Th

eyhelppreventdisorderinyourlife.15．Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutintheparagraphthatfollows？A．Reasonsforholdingsecret

s.B．Waystosharesecrets.C．Doubtsaboutbreakingsecrets.D．Tipsonkeepingsecrets.3.（2020届福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测）Look!Apolarbeari

slyinglifelessonabeach.Ontheshore,inthebackground,standthreeguards,talkingtoeachother.Oneofthemhasadeadlyweaponhanging

casuallyonhisshoulder.Thispowerfulimagehasthrownintoquestionthemotivationforthiskindoftourism,orecotourism.Doesourproximity(接近

)tolargeanimalsinthewild,frequentlyfueledbyadesireforexcitingimages,leadtosuchanimalsbecomingaccustomedtohumancontact?Ifthatisthecase,surelythelosing

sidewillenduppayingtheultimatepriceforsuchproximity.Tomysorrow,IhaverecentlyreturnedfromatriptoSvalbard,andindeedstoodtwoweeksag

oontheverybeachwherethebearwasshot.Thebear‟sdeathshouldneverhavehappened.Wasthebeachexaminedfromtheshipoffshorebeforehand?Wasthereaccesstofl

ares(照明弹)toscareoffabearthatappearedsuddenly?Thesearestandardmeasuresforanyrespectedoperator.Theincidentisproba

blytheresultofaterriblesystemicfailure.Nevertheless,theincidentshouldnotnegatethevalueofecotourism.Initsbestform,thiskind

oftravelhasverylittleimpact,orindeedhasapositiveeffect,ontheenvironmentwhereittakesplace.Thiscanbebymakingfinancialdonatio

nstoconservationgroups,providingincometolocalcommunities,orensuringprotectionofcertainareasoranimals.InSvalbard,visitorsbecomeambassa

dorsfortheendangeredpolarbear,increasingawarenessofthefactthatthefargreaterdangerfacingthemissea-icemeltintheArcticOcean.Ecotourismisexpa

ndingmarketthatbringsbenefitsaswellaschallengestotheregionsaroundtheworldinwhichitoperates.Simplyclosingofftheseregionsisnottheanswer.

8．Whywasthepolarbeardead?A．Itwasprobablyhuntforitsfurbytourists.B．Itwasprobablyfrightenedtodeathbyflares.C．Theproperproceduresweren‟tproba

blyfollowed.D．Thebeachwasn‟tprobablyequippedwithsafetydevices.9．Whatisthethirdparagraghmainlyabout?A．Ecotourismcouldbedevelopedproperly.B．Financ

ialawarenesshasgreatlyadvocated.C．Environmentalawarenesshasgreatlyincreased.D．Visitorshaveaguiltyconscienceaboutecotourism.

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraghsuggest?A．Morechallengesfromguardshaven‟tyetbeenaccepted.B．Bettermeasu

resforconductingecotourismareagoodchoice.C．Theenvironmentalbenefitsfromecotourismareveryobvious.D．Thepositiveeffectsofprotectingtouristshaven

‟tyetbeenfelt.11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocausereaderstofocusonpolarbears.B．Tostimulatereaderstoreflectonecotourism.C．Tostresssideeffectsth

atecotourismhascaused.D．Toanalyzethereasonwhythepolarbearwaskilled.4.（2020届广东省高考模拟）Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcou

ldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddeds

oundtracksandmusicalaccompaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultimediabooks-releasedinBritainonFriday-includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.W

hentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica,worksbyShakespeareandJaneAu

stenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat,forexample,readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy'sgardenastheyreadPridean

dPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics

,however,willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel,chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency,sai

dthenewgenerationofcomputer-literatereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid,“Youngpeoplehavesplitco

mputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat'swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack

'ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser'sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage,thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstosw

itchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbecomesoutofsynch(同步),aclickonanywordwillre-setit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddes

troythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls,authorofOneDay,thebestselle

rnowreleasedasafilm,said,“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI‟mconstantlydistractedbyemails

.”StuartMacBride,thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller,sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesa

id,“IfI‟mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon'tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”12．What'sthepa

ssagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbecomingoutdated.D．Sug

gestionsonencouragingreaders'imagination.13．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B

．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook'sexcitingpoint.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.14．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtra

cksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy.B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls.D．StuartMacBride.15．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasa

personwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eighty-twopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelate

dtothestorywhenreading.5.（2020届广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试）Aswecontinuetoexplorefartheroutintooursolarsystemandbeyond,thequestionofhumansliving

onotherplanetsoftencomesup.MannedbasesontheMoonorMarsforexample,havelongbeenadreamofmany.Thereisanaturaldesiretoexploreasfaraswecango,an

dalsotoextendhumanity'spresenceonapermanentoratleastsemi-permanentbasis.Inordertodothis,however,itisnecessary

toadapttodifferentextremeenvironments.OntheMoonforexample,acolonymustbeself-sustainingandprotectitsinhabitantsfromtheairle

ss,harshenvironmentoutside.Mars,though,isdifferent.WhilefuturebasescouldadapttotheMartianenvironmentovertime

thereisalsothepossibilityofmodifyingthesurroundingenvironmentinsteadofjustco-existingwithit.Thisistheprocessofterraforming-

adjustingMars‟atmosphereandenvironmenttomakeitmoreEarth-like.Butthebiggerquestionis,shouldwe?Oneofthemainissue

siswhetherMarshasanynativelifeornotandifitdoes,shoulditbepreservedasmuchaspossible?Iftheanswerisyes,

thenlarge-scalehumansettlementsonMarsshouldbecompletelyoff-limits.Smallcolonicsmightbefine,butlivingonMarsshouldnotbeatthe

expenseofanynativehabitats,iftheyexist.IfMarsishometoanyindigenouslife,thenterraformingshouldbeanon-issue;itsimplyshouldnotbedone.WhatifMarsislifeles

s?Evenifnolifeexiststhere,thatuntouchedanduniquealienenvironmentneedstobepreservedasitisasmuchaspossible.We‟vealreadydonet

oomuchdamagehereonourownplanet.BystudyingMarsandotherplanetsandmoonsintheircurrentnaturalstate,wecanlearnsomuchabouttheirh

istoryandalsolearnmoreaboutourownworld.Weshouldappreciate(hedifferencesofotherworldsinsteadofjusttransformingthemtosuitourownambitions

.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AIstherelifeonMars?B．CanweadapttoMars?C．ShouldweterraformMars?D．AreMarsandEarthSoDifferent?9．Whatdoe

stheauthorthinkweshoulddoiflifeisfoundonMars?A．Ensurethatit'snotharmed.B．NegotiatewiththeMartians.C．Changetheunpopulatedregio

ns.D．Assesstheadvantagesanddisadvantages.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indigenous”inparagraph3mean?A．Complex.B．Native.C．Foreign.D．Intel

ligent.11．Howdoestheauthordevelophisideasinthetext?A．Byreferringtoothers'research.B．Byevaluatingdifferentp

lanets.C．Byjustifyingthebenefitsofterraforming.D．Byarguinginsupportofoneviewpoint.6.（2020届江西省抚州市高三教学质量监测）Walkingthroughalocalparkrecently,Isaw

ateenageboywearingaT-shirtthatread:“Effortwinsovertalent.”ItremindedmeofanideaIthinkaboutoften,thatifyoubelieveyoucanl

earnnewthingsanddevelopnewskills,byworkinghard,youaremorelikelytoachievethosegoals.ThiscriticalinsightwasbroughtupbyDr.CarolDweck,aStanfordUniversity

psychologist,asa“growthmindset”.AccordingtoDr.Dweck‟sresearch,“talentisnotfixed.”StudiesbyDweckandothershaveshownstudentswhohave

afixedmindsetseenewlearningexperiencesasamomenttobejudged,notanopportunitytolearn.Thiscanmakelearnin

gapainfulstruggle,leadingmanytogiveup.Studentswhohaveagrowthmindset,ontheotherhand,experiencechallengesasthewaytolearnandimprove.T

heyseehardworkasbeingaboutlearning.Overall,theylearnandachieveathigherlevels,evenwhentheystartoutatt

hesameplaceasthosewithfixedmindsets.WhileDweckidentifiedgrowthmindsetmorethanadecadeago,herinsightsw

erenotmadeup.Theyhavesincebeenbackedupbybrainscience,madepossiblebynewtechnologythatallowsresearcherstoseeimagesofthebraina

twork.Studiesshowthat,whenapersonrespondstonewanddifficultmaterialbyengaginginastruggletolearn,theneuronsin

theirbraingrow.Believingthatyoucangrowyourabilitiesthrougheffort—thattalentisnotfixed—iscrucial(要的).AsDweckputsit

inherTEDtalk,weneedtofocusonshowingyoungpeoplethe"PowerofYet”meaning,Ihaven'tlearnedthisyet,orI'mnotgo

odatthisyet.Growthmindsetisanimportantideaforeducatorsandschools,butit'salsoapowerfultoolthateveryonecanusetohelpthemselv

estolearnandachieveathighlevels.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insight”inparagraph1mean?A．Scenery.B．Research.C．Question.D．Idea.13．Howisparagrap

h2mainlydeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bygivingexplanations.C．Bylistingexamples.D．Bydescribingdetails.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowsgrowt

hmindset?A．“Wow,youarereallygiftedinmaths.”B．“Ijustdon'tunderstandityet.”C．“Youareacleverstudent.”D．“Mytalentsdetermineeverything.”15．Whatwi

lltheauthorprobablydiscussnext?A．Whytodevelopabettermindset.B．Whentoobtainabettermindset.C．Howtoapplytheg

rowthmindset.D．Wheretolearnthegrowthmindset.