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第四讲名词与主谓一致限定词及谓语动词的形式是确定名词单复数的关键Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral______(invitati
on)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.invitations解析:invitation“邀请”是可数名词,其前有several修饰,应用复数形式。2.(2017·浙江卷6
月)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall____________(carrot)andwasabouttothrow
themaway.carrots解析:carrot是可数名词,根据ahandfulof“一把”可知,应用复数形式。3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew____________(day)withhissistersothatwhileo
neisbeingbottle-fed...days解析:everyfew+可数名词复数,意为“每隔„„”。4.(2017·郑州第三次质量预测)NowI’mfeelingregretfulanddisturbed.I’mnotsurewhetheracomputer’srepairshop
cangetthedocumentsback.____________________computer’s→computer解析:考查名词,computer在此为名词作定语。5.(2017·洛阳统一考试)OnceIbrokeaneighborwindow.Seeingnobodyaround,
Iranawayimmediately.____________________neighbor→neighbor’s解析:考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语,修饰名词window。Ⅱ通关点击_________________________________
___________________原则这样解读1.不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。2.有some,many,all,both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。3.名词前有oneof时,名词用复数形式。4.谓语动词是复数,名词作主语时确定名词为复数。5.名词的所
有格:主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词,其变化方法如下:构成例词一般是名词词尾加’sMike’scomputer迈克的电脑以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加’students’readingroom学生阅览室词尾不带-(e)s的复
数名词,仍加’schildren’sgame孩子们的游戏Women’sDay妇女节6.熟记名词的数:(1)可数名词的数①可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加s或es,规则的复数构成形式如下:变化规则例词一般情况下
在词尾直接加-stable→tablespark→parks以-s、-x、ch、-sh结尾的名词在词尾加esbus→busesbox→boxeswish→wisheswatch→watches以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y
变为-i再加-esfamily→familiesbutterfly→butterfliesdictionary→dictionaries以元音字母加-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sday→daysholiday→hol
idaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-sphoto→photosradio→radios有些在词尾加-espotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe
为-v,再加-esknife→kniveswife→wiveslife→livesleaf→leaves少数直接加-sroof→roofsbelief→beliefs②有些名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成,它们的不规则构成形式如
下:变化规则例词变内部元音man→menwoman→womenfoot→feetmouse→micetooth→teeth词尾加-en或-renox→oxenchild→children单复数同形fis
h,sheep,deer,means(方式;方法),series,Chinese,Swiss名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。mandoctor→mendoctors男医生womanwor
ker→womenworkers女工(2)不可数名词的数一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的名词有:milk,music,homework,housework,weath
er,news,butter,information,bread,advice,progress,orangejuice(橙汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消
息),room(空间),man(人类)等。word意为“消息”,room意为“空间”,man意为“人类”时,通常不带任何修饰词。WordcamethatthemeetingwillbeheldonFriday.有消息称会议将于周五召开。名词的词性转换冠、代、介词首
先看Ⅰ示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe
____________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.introduction解析:空格前是冠词,空格后是of所有格,故此处用名词形式。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ
)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____________(attract).attraction解析:根据前面的its及形容词top“头等的;最重要的”可知,后面跟名词形式。3
.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve).achievement解析:介词of后应用名词作宾语。此处achievement表抽象意义,
意为“成就感”,故用单数形式。4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe____________(deve
lop)ofchopsticks.development解析:根据空格前面的the可知,所填词应用名词形式。Ⅱ通关点击____________________________________________________原则这样解读1.根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语
、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。2.根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。3.填名词时,一定要注意单复数及拼写。主谓一致语法、意义、就近原则统筹看Ⅰ
示之以范____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)ason
eofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.isregarded解析:三种锻炼形式与动词regard之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语后有alongwith连接的短语时,谓语动词的数应与主
语保持一致,即与cycling一致,此处谓语动词应用单数形式,故填isregarded。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____________(be)oftenacceptable.is解析:分析句子结构可知,句中
动名词短语leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主语,故谓语动词用单数。3.(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)Asthesayinggo,“Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.”_____
_______________go→goes解析:句中的主语是thesaying,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4.(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)Shetookthelifttotheeleventhfloor,and
thesecretaryshowedherwhereherdeskandhercomputerwas.____________________was→were解析:在where引导的宾语从句中,主语是herdeskandhercomputer,谓语动词须用复数形式。5.(2017·吉林长春外
国语学校第二次质量检测)YouarethemostconsideratepersonwhoknowexactlywhatIneedinourclass.____________________know→know
s解析:know是定语从句中的谓语动词,其形式由先行词person确定。由于person是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。6.(2017·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Eachstudentlearnaforeignlanguage,mostlyEnglish,fromDayOn
eoftheircompulsoryeducation.____________________learn→learns解析:主语是eachstudent,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Ⅱ通关点击_________________________________
___________________原则这样解读(一)主谓一致的基础“3原则”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。1.语法一致原则(1)主语后跟有with,togetherwit
h,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Theleaderandartistaswe
llassomeofourEnglishteacherswasgivenachancetogoabroadlastyear.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。Myfather,togetherwithhisworkmates,hasbeentoBeijing.我父
亲和他的同事曾去过北京。(2)and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词需用单数形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareinthesitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅
。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。2.就近一致原则(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词
的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由there,here引起的主语不
止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。Therearethreechairs,adeskandacomputerintheroom.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。3.意义一致原则(1)“no/each/every/manya+单数名词+
and+no/each/every/manya+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父
亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。(二)主谓一致的3种特殊情况1.“manya/morethano
ne+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。2.all,therest,th
eremaining/part...+主语,谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.讲座的前半部分很生动,但后半部分非常枯燥。3.“几
分之几/百分之几+of+名词”结构作主语时,一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only60percentofthew
orkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。,[学生用书P24])Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(2017·贵州适应性考试)Ifwearenotawareofthesedifferences,someunusual____________(thing)mightha
ppen.things解析:考查名词的数。根据该句中的some可知,可数名词thing应用复数形式。2.(2017·武汉武昌区调研)Drivenbythe____________(curious)inmyheart,IcametoChinaandtookparti
nacruise(乘船度假)alongpartoftheriverlastyear.curiosity解析:考查名词。curious为形容词,由前面的冠词the可知,此处应用名词;drivenbythecuriosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。3.
(2017·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)NothingIdidseemedtomakeany____________(different).“Itcan’tbethefuel,”Ithought.difference解析:考查名词。makean
ydifference为固定搭配,意为“有任何影响”。4.(2017·福建省高三质检)“Alaya,youdon’thavetodothisifyoudon’twantto.Nobodyisforcingyou.”ThoughIsaidIwasn’tgoingtodoit,my__________
__(foot)carriedmetowardthepool.feet解析:考查名词复数。foot是可数名词,且没有被冠词修饰,故用复数形式。5.(2017·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Portman’seducationalbackgroundhasinfluencedon
eofher____________(project).projects解析:oneof后接可数名词的复数形式,表示“„„之一”,故填projects。6.(2017·湖南怀化一模)Morethanonedoctor____________(be)involvedintherescueth
attookplaceaftertheearthquake.was解析:句意:许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“morethanone+可数名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知,主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。7.(201
7·浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考)Computergame____________(design)oftencreateinterestingvideogamestotemptplayerstokeepplaying.designers解析:根据句意可知此处表示“电子游戏的设计者”
,同时根据谓语动词create可知,需用复数形式,故填designers。8.(2017·河北石家庄二中联考)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemeinto____________(consider).Lookingforwardtore
ceivingyourreply.consideration解析:句意:如果你能考虑我,我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into后需加名词形式。此处take...intoconsideration(考虑到„„)为固定短语。9.(201
7·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)Hehasdonatedsomemoneytothosewholiveinpoverty,which____________(be)ofgreathelp.is解析:句意:他给
那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱,这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代前面主句的内容,故从句谓语动词应用单数;根据空前的hasdonated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。10.(2017·湖南师大附中月考)ProfessorJameswillgiveusa
lectureonWesternculture,andheaswellashisassistants____________(be)toarrivebyair.is解析:句意:詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲,他和他的助理将
乘飞机到达。aswellas连接并列成分时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。Ⅱ单句改错1.(2017·福建福州十三中期中考试)Aboutonethousandgraduatestookexamsforit,butonlyafe
wwaschosenandIwasoneofthem.____________________第一个was→were解析:根据主语onlyafew可知,谓语动词用复数形式。2.(2017·广东汕头高三质检)Friendshipisveryimportanttoeveryone,espe
ciallytome.Now,IwouldliketodescribeoneofmybestfriendswhosenamearePetou.____________________are→is解析:考查主谓一致。whos
e引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one”,因此谓语动词应该用单数。3.(2017·武汉武昌区调研)Consideringmycase,myteacherofferedmeseveraldetailedapproachandadvisedmetose
tashorttermgoaltoimprovemymath.____________________approach→approaches解析:考查名词的数。approach作“方法”讲时,是可数名词;由前面的several可知,
应用复数形式。4.(2017·长沙一模)Whentheboysangasongwithhisguitar,allthejudgewereastonishedbyhistalent.____________________judge→jud
ges解析:考查名词的数。根据该句中的all和谓语动词were可知,所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶,故用复数形式。5.(2017·云南11校区调研)Whatwasworse,manytouriststhrewrubbisheshereandthere.____________
________rubbishes→rubbish解析:考查名词。rubbish作“垃圾”讲,为不可数名词。6.(2017·广东七校联考)Thenwewenttosomeotherfamoustouristattraction,liketheGreat
Wall.____________________attraction→attractions解析:考查名词的数。attraction作“吸引人之物”讲时,为可数名词,根据该句中的some可知,此处指多个旅游景点,故用复数形
式。7.(2017·湖北武汉高三调考)Wewereveryhappytohelpeachotherandhavelotsoffuns.____________________funs→fun解析:fun是不可数名词,没有复数形式。8.(2017·安徽合肥八
中第一次段考)Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourighttotheFriendshipHotel.____________________minute→minut
es解析:minute前面有数词30修饰,应用复数形式。Ⅲ短文改错(2017·安徽合肥高三质检)Nowadaysmanypeopledriveinsteadoftakingabusorwalkingtowork.Itcausesmoretrafficjamandaccid
ents.Asthestudent,whatcanwedotoguaranteeoursafe?Firstofall,thetrafficrulesmustbestrictobeyed.Whenwecrossstreets,waituntilthetrafficlightturngree
n.Next,don’tforgetwalkonthepavement.Finally,Ithinkitverydangerouslytowearheadphoneswhilewalkingorcycling.Sincewecan’tpayenoughattentiononthe
trafficaroundus,soaccidentsmayhappen.Takinggoodcareofourselvesanddon’tletourparentsworryaboutus.答案:Nowadaysmanypeopledriveinsteadoftakingabus
orwalkingtowork.Itcausesmoretrafficjamjamsandaccidents.Astheastudent,whatcanwedotoguaranteeoursafesafety?Firstofall,thetrafficrulesmustbest
rictstrictlyobeyed.Whenwecrossstreets,waituntilthetrafficlightturnturnsgreen.Next,don’tforgetto∧walkonthe
pavement.Finally,Ithinkitverydangerouslydangeroustowearheadphoneswhilewalkingorcycling.Sincewecan’tpayenoughattentionontothetrafficaroundus,s
o\accidentsmayhappen.TakingTakegoodcareofourselvesanddon’tletourparentsworryaboutus.