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第一讲语法填空[全国卷3年考情分析]注:2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题,有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类,有的按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类,其对应关系为Ⅰ卷—乙卷、Ⅱ卷—甲卷、Ⅲ卷—丙卷,本书按Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ卷分类,以下各题型同。[命题者说]语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新,它将语法知识的
考查融于一篇英语短文中,通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来,突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力,更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分,占英语全卷分数的十分之一,但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分,不可小觑。要想此题有
好的发挥,学好语法,注重运用必不可少,这是基础;了解考点,掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主,虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。
1.有提示词有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致;非谓语动词;形容词的比较等级;名词的数;代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点,包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定,基本是每套3-5题,涉及的范围比较广,几乎涵盖了除虚拟
语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定,虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化,代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此
提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查,近3年的八套试题中出现了两次,都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定,平均每套题两个左右,形容词变副词是考查的重点,另外,动词变为名词,名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考
中多注意。2.无提示词无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配;并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系;助动词主要是疑问句或否定句;语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适
的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词,包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词;名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词;状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单,只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外,therebe结构与强调
句型也应在备考中多关注。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythem
edicalcommunity(医学界)61.____________amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.____________(effect)suchasoverw
eightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsof
adiet.Theyarerequired63.____________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctio
ns.Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As65.____________result,people
willeatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66.____________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleea
tgoesup.Fastfood67.____________(be)fulloffatandsalt;by68.____________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdi
et.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.How
ever,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文
章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的健康将会受到损害。61.as解析:考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处在句中作状语,表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”,所以填as,意为“作为”。62.effects解析
:考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“suchasoverweightandheartdisease”可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用名词复数形式effects。63.toprocess解析:考查非谓语动词。bereq
uiredtodosth.为固定用法。64.areremoved解析:考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时,此处亦应用一般现在时;又因fatandsalt是动词remove的承受者,应用被动语态。所以此处填areremoved。65.a解析
:考查冠词。asaresult为固定搭配,意为“结果”。66.worse解析:考查比较级。短语evenworse意为“更糟糕的是”,表示意义的递进。故用worse。67.is解析:考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词,又因主语为Fast
food,故填is。68.eating解析:考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故填eat的动名词形式eating。69.careful解析:考查形容词。句意:然而,注意不要走极端。此处为形容词
作表语,故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。70.which解析:考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。(201
7·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoid
terrible61.____________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandw
asbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.
____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines65.____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66._______
_____(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25
,000peoplewereusing67.____________everyday.Later,engineers68.____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofd
eeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69.____________(introduc
e)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70.____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhitep
aintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的
地铁的过程。61.crowds解析:考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。62.from解析:考查介词。此处toandfromwork是指“当他们来回上下班时”。63.laying解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的
主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。64.the解析:考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在top前加the。65.wereused解析
:考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情,而且Steamengines与use之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereused。66.fairly解析:考查副词。此处fair是形容词,unpleasant也是形容词,所以要将fair变为副词来修饰
形容词unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。67.it解析:考查代词。根据上文的“therailwayquickly”可知,此处用it代替therailway。68.managed解析:考查动词时态。因为engineers
与manage之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,所以填managed。69.introduction解析:考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,故填introduction。70.successful
解析:考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的themost可知,空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,freshfacedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardto
thechallengeofhernewAlevelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term41.____________(rest).Instead,sheisearnin
g£6,500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.Sarah43.____________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.H
erfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfulltime.ButSarah,44.____________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmo
dels,wants45.____________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(educate).Shehasturneddownsever
al47.____________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearoffto
modelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“Mydadthi
nksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school49.____________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis50.____________(certain)funbu
tthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.”[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了16岁的S
arah在上学的同时兼职做模特,并且取得了巨大的成功;虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特,但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。41.resting解析:考查非谓语动词。spendtimedoingsth.是固定搭配,故填resting。42.a解析:考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数,此处
表示“作为一名模特”,故填a。43.hasbeentold/wastold解析:考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系,因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时,因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响,故可以
填hasbeentold。此外,“被告知”这件事情发生在过去,故也可填wastold。44.who解析:考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语,wants是主句谓语,因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为Sarah,从句中缺主
语且指人,故填who。45.toprove解析:考查非谓语动词。wanttodo是固定搭配,故填toprove。46.education解析:考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式,故填education。47.invitati
ons解析:考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,要用复数形式,故填invitations。48.in解析:考查介词。degree与介词in搭配,表示在某方面的学位。
故填in。49.comes解析:考查动词时态。全文均为现在时,且school是第三人称单数,故填comes。50.certainly解析:考查副词。此处fun是形容词,应该用副词来修饰形容词,故填certainly。一、有提示词(一)提示词
为动词“一定三思”解“动词”命题点1考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。[示例1](2017·
全国卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt64.____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.[解析]areremoved考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,64
空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语fatandsalt是复数概念,且与remove是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构areremoved。[示例2](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers68.___
_________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.[解析]managed考
查时态。分析句子结构可知,68空所在句的句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和becameknownas...可知应用一般过去时,所以应填managed。命题点2考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词
,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词通常是非谓语动词,就要确定是v.-ing形式,v.-ed形式,还是不定式。一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动进行;v.-ed形式表示被动完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddi
gginguptheroad,63.____________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64.thetop.[解析]laying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词
included,且空处不与included作并列谓语,故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig,lay,build是三个并列的动作,根据digging及building可知,lay也应用动名词形式。[示例2](2017·全
国卷Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term41.____________(rest).[解析]resting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,41空所在的句子中已有谓语动词i
snotspending,且空处不与其作并列谓语,故空处应填非谓语动词。spendtime(in)doingsth.表示“花费时间做某事”。[示例3](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevari
oushardwoodsandmetal43.____________(create)specialdesigns.[解析]tocreate考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,43空所在句中已有谓语动词combine,且空处不与combine作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。此处应
用不定式作目的状语,故答案为tocreate。[示例4](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers68.____________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destina
tionsintheworld.[解析]conducted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,68空所在句中已有谓语动词names,且不与names作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系,所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。
命题点3考查词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词,而是要求进行词类转换。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher46.____________(
educate).[解析]education考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词,educate的名词形式是education。[示例2](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgeto
snack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69.____________(care)nottogotoextremes.[解析]ca
reful考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语,care的形容词形式是careful。(二)提示词为名词或代词“一同二变”看“名、代”命题点1考查名词、代词的数与格所给提示词是名词时,
一般考查单复数的变化,偶尔考查所有格;所给词是代词时,一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)61.asamethodoffightingheart
disease,hashadsomeunintendedside62.____________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommu
nitywastryingtofight.[解析]effects考查名词复数。sideeffect副作用,由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweightandheartdisease可知名词effect用复数形式ef
fects。[示例2](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent66.____________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbrea
ks67.regularly.[解析]studies考查名词的数。本句的谓语动词是show,说明空格处的主语是名词复数studies。[示例3](2016·四川卷)Bythattime,thepandanolongerneede
d68.____________(it)motherforfood.[解析]its考查代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲”,故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。故答案为its。命题点2考查名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词所给提示词是名词时,有时考查词类转换,主
要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时,有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70.____________(succ
ess)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.[解析
]successful考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最„„的„„之一”,此处应填success的形容词形式successful。[示例2](2015·全国卷Ⅱ
)As49.____________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly50.howthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomak
ethecycleworkonmostdays.[解析]natural考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语,修饰名词,因此填natural。[示例3](2017·咸阳模拟)WhenIgottotheexitagain,Ifound66.____
________(I)drivingtotheplacewehaddrivenin.[解析]myself考查人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应,应是我发现“我自己”,故用反身代词myself。(三)提示词为形容词或副词“二步思维”破“形、副”命题点1考查形容词或
副词的比较等级所给提示词是形容词或副词时,需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even66.____________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.[解析]worse考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示程
度的加深,所以用比较级形式。evenworse更糟的是,可以看作固定搭配。[示例2](2014·辽宁卷)The68.____________(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.[解析]harder考查固
定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,表示“越„„就越„„”。故答案为harder。命题点2考查词类转换所给提示词是形容词时,还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Itis50.____________(certa
in)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.[解析]certainly
考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun,certain的副词形式为certainly。[示例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe63.____________
(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.[解析]officially考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰谓语部分应用副词形式。故答案为officially。[示例3](2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In
additiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir43.____________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout44.usingelectrice
quipment.[解析]ability考查词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词,其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。二、无提示词“二步”准填无提示词命题点1填代词[来源:学#科#网]无提示词的考查中,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代
词,主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70.____________isnotgoodforthehealth.[解析]which考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子
结构可知,空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,且指代整个主句的内容,故填关系代词which。[示例2](2015·浙江卷)Howwouldyoulike____________ifyouwerewatchingyou
rfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?[解析]it考查代词。it指代ifyouwerewatching...askingyou这件事。命题点2填介词如果名词或代词在句中不作主语
、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。[示例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversity
togetadegree48.____________engineeringorarchitecture.[解析]in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。adegreeinengineeringorarchitec
ture工程学或建筑学学位。[示例2](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeoplet
oavoidterrible61.crowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62.____________work.[解析]from考查介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。故填from。[示例3](2014·全国
卷Ⅱ)Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext44.____________thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.[解析]to考查固定搭
配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语nextto,意为“挨着”。故答案为to。命题点3填冠词如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。[示例1]
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63.layingthetrackandthenbuildi
ngastrongroofover64.____________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.[解析]the考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”,故用定冠词the。[示例2](2017·全国卷Ⅲ
)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas42.____________modelinNewYork.[解析]a考查冠词。句意:相反,她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。命题点4填并列连词空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定
。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等,而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。[示例1](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)InmuchofAsia,especiallythes
ocalled“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41.____________Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.[解析]and考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,它们为并列
关系,应用and。[示例2](2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64.____________evenafewmonths.[解析]or考查并列连词。句意:但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。afewdays和af
ewmonths为并列关系,且此句是否定句,因此要用or连接。命题点5填从句连词从句连词是指三大从句的引导词,它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来
确定填哪一个引导词。[示例1](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64.tomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65.____________Iwasthefir
stWesternTVreporter66.permittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.[解析]when考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可
知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“themid-1980s”,且从句缺少时间状语,故用when引导该定语从句。[示例2](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Overtime,45.____________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintos
mallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.[解析]when/as考查状语从句的引导词。空格处引导时间状语从句,表示“当„„时候,随着”,应用when/as。[示例3](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGui
lin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.____________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChine
se65.paintings.[解析]that/which考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句,因为先行词是物,且在定语从句中作主语,所以用that或which。[示例4](2014·广东卷)Ididn’tu
nderstand20.____________thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged21.forthereservation.[解析]why考查宾语从句的引导词。“我”不知道/不明白
________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。命题点6填助动词或情态动词有时,我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式,如疑问句、否定句或强调句型等;另外,有时也需要根据语境填上相应的情态动词。[示例1](2014
·全国卷Ⅱ)Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“48.____________anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”[解析]Did考查一般疑问句式中的助动词。分析语境,此处指司机问“有人在上一站丢失手提箱吗?
”。这是一个问句,同时丢失东西的动作已经发生,应用一般过去时,因此填did。注意首字母要大写。故答案为Did。[示例2](2014·全国卷样题)Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I69.____________havepu
tthemintherewhenthephonerang.[解析]must考查情态动词。结合语境可知,此处表示对过去发生的事情进行的肯定推测,故用must。[来源:学科网ZXXK]命题点7其他语境填词无提示词的空格有时也需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适当的词。[示例1](20
16·全国卷Ⅱ)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive65.____________possiblebeforelunch.[解析]as考查固定搭配。as...aspossible为固定搭配,意为“尽可能„„”。故答案为
as。[示例2](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasraininglightlywhenI61.arrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.__________
__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.itschokingsmog.[解析]before/earlier考查逻辑关系。根据句意和“I’dbeenathome”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前,我待在香港的家里”,“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作a
rrived之前,故此处填before或earlier均可。[示例3](2014·辽宁卷)Oh...,69.ifyoudon’tmind,I’llstopandtakeadeep70.____________.[解析]br
eath考查固定搭配。takeadeepbreath意为“深深地吸一口气”,属于固定搭配,故答案为breath。,[学生用书P5])A(2017·郑州第三次质量预测)Beingraisedinafam
ilyofteachers,I1.____________(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.SoIhavemanystoriesaboutm
eandreading.Itwasmyfatherwhotookmeontheroadtoreadingandmademeappreciate2.____________(it)beauty.WhenIwasalittlegir
l,heboughtmeabook3.____________(name)RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms.Iwastooyoungtoreadthisdifficultwork,somyfathe
rexplainedittome4.____________(patient).Fromthenon,Istartedtoenjoyreadingbooks.WhenIbecameamiddleschoolstudent,Ibegantoreadsome
simplifiedEnglishclassicsonmyown.Sometimes,Iwouldwritedownmythoughtsand5.____________(feel)andsharethemw
ithmyfather.AmongallthebooksthatIreadduringmymiddleschoolyears,JaneEyreleftthe6.____________(deep)impress
iononme.Iwashavingsomedifficultieswithmystudiesatthattime,7.____________JaneEyre’spersistence(坚持)andcourageinspiredm
ealot.Thankstomyreadinghabit,Imanaged8.____________(overcome)thedifficultiesofmystudies.Now,I’maseniorhighschools
tudentandverybusywithmystudies.ButIstillkeeponreadinginmysparetime.MymothertoldmethatIshouldbeabsorb
ed9.____________mystudies,butinmypointofview,Iregardreadingasanoasis(绿洲)thatcanmakemerelax.Recently,Ithoughtaboutthebenefits10.____________readingc
ouldbringus.Readingcanclearourmindsandmotivateus.Inaddition,wemaybroadenourhorizonsandgainmoreknowledgethroughreading.
Ihopethatmystorycaninspireyoutostartyourownreadingadventure.[解题导语]本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事,鼓励大家多读书。1.havegot/gotten解析:考
查动词时态。since意为“自从”时,主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。2.its解析:考查代词。修饰名词一般用形容词,故用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词beauty,作定语。3.named解析:考查非谓语动词。name和
句子谓语bought之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且和其逻辑主语abook构成动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。4.patiently解析:考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子,作状语。故用副词patiently修饰动词explained。
5.feelings解析:考查词性转换。根据and可知,此处和thoughts并列,故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。6.deepest解析:考查形容词的最高级。与Amongallthebooks和定冠词the呼应,此处用形容词的最高级形式,修饰
名词impression。7.but解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系,故用连词but。8.toovercome解析:考查非谓语动词。固定搭配managetodosth.意为“设法完成某事”,故用不定式作宾语。9.in解析
:考查介词。固定搭配beabsorbedinsth.意为“专注于某事”,故用介词in。10.that/which解析:考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语,该从句修饰先行词theb
enefits。B(2017·大连双基测试)Theoriginofteaislostamonghistoryandtales.Whatcanbe1.____________(rough)confirmedisthatteaoriginatedinth
esouthwestofChina.Accordingtoancientstories,thefirstperson2.____________(discover)theeffectsofteaissaidtobeShennong—thefatherofagricultureandh
erbal3.____________(medical)inChina.It4.____________(say)thatShennongoncetried72differentkindsofpoisonousplantsinadayandh
elayontheground,barelyalive.Atthismoment,henoticedseveralratherfragrantleaves5.____________(drop)fromthetreebesidehim.Out6._
___________curiosityandhabit,Shennongputtheleavesintohismouthandchewed7.____________slowly.Afteralittlewhile,hefeltwellan
d8.____________(energy)again.Sohepickedmoreleavestoeat9.____________thusclearedhisbodyfrompoison.TheancientChi
nesemedicalbookcalledShennongBencaojingstatesthat“Teatastesbitter.Drinkingit,onecanthinkquicker,sleep10.____________(
little),movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly.”Thisthenwastheearliestbooktorecordthemedicinaleffectsoftea.[解题导语]本文介绍了“茶”的起源。1.roughly解析:考查副词。副词修饰动
词。故填roughly“粗略地”。2.todiscover解析:考查非谓语动词。不定式短语作后置定语。故填todiscover。3.medicine解析:考查词性转换。形容词herbal“药草的”修饰名词。故
填medicine。herbalmedicine意为“草药”。4.issaid解析:考查被动语态。根据语境可知,据说神农曾一天之内尝试了72种不同的有毒植物。Itissaidthat意为“据说„„”。5.dropping解析:考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此时,他注意到几片
芳香的叶子正从他旁边的树上掉落下来。空处强调“正在掉落”,故用drop的现在分词形式。6.of解析:考查介词。短语outofcuriosity意为“出于好奇”。7.them解析:考查代词。根据语境可分
析出,空处指代and前的leaves,指咀嚼“它们”。故填them。8.energetic解析:考查词性转换。感官动词felt后应用形容词,故填energetic。9.and解析:考查连词。该空前后表示顺承关系,故用and。10.less解析:考查
比较级。此处与文中的“thinkquicker”和“movemoreswiftly,andseemoreclearly”为并列结构,故填less。C(2017·广西重点高中二模)Inhumanhistory,manyancientandsplen
didcivilizationswerebornanddied.Chinaistheonlycountry1.____________uninterruptedhumancivilization.Chineseci
vilizationwasbornontheshoresoftheYellowRiver.Andtherichland2.____________ChinesecivilizationbeganisHenanProvince.Th
eYellowRivergoesacross3.____________(center)Henan.ItisChina’smainnorth-to-southandeast-to-westartery(干线).China’smostancienttribal4.____________(l
ead),theYellowEmperorandtheYanEmperor,werebornhere.Eventoday,Chinesepeopleallovertheworldstill5.____________(proud)callth
emselvesthedescendants(后裔)ofthesetwoemperors.Theriverholds6.____________unshakablepositionintheheartofeveryChinese,7.____________(respect)by
everygenerationandcalled“theMotherRiver”.Withintelligence,hardworkanddetermination,Chinesedescendantspursueco-existenceandcomm
onprosperityonthisland.The5,446-km-longYellowRiverbreaksthelastbarrierandflowsintothebroadplain,8.____________(form)thecradle(摇篮)ofChinesecivilizat
ion.Tillnow,theYellowRiver9.____________(raise)13dynasties’capitalLuoyang,8dynasties’capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterin
10.____________(it)area—Zhengzhou.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了黄河对早期黄河流域人类文明产生的深远影响。1.with解析:考查介词。中国是唯一一个拥有未被打断过的人类文明的国家。此处表示“有”,故填介词with。2.where解析:考查关系副词。
这片孕育了中华文明的肥沃土地就位于河南省。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,故填where。3.central解析:考查词性转换。空处位于专有名词Henan前面,应填一个形容词作定语,表示“中心的”。故填center的
形容词形式central。4.leaders解析:考查名词。中国最早的部落首领炎黄二帝诞生于此。根据句意可知,此处应填复数名词leaders“首领,领袖”。5.proudly解析:考查词性转换。空处修饰动词call,故用副词proudly。6.an解析:考查冠词。黄河
在每一个中国人心中的地位都是不可动摇的。position“位置”是可数名词,此处表泛指,故填不定冠词;且空处位于发音以元音音素开头的单词前,故填an。7.respected解析:考查非谓语动词。黄河受每代人的尊敬,被称为“母亲河”。分析句子结构可知,resp
ect与Theriver之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填respected。8.forming解析:考查非谓语动词。5446公里长的黄河冲破了最后的壁垒,流入广袤的平原之中,形成了中华文明的摇篮。分析句子结构可知,form
与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作结果状语。9.hasraised解析:考查动词的时态。黄河孕育了13朝古都洛阳,8朝古都开封以及其流域内最大的经济中心——郑州。由句中的时间状语可知,此处应用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在
造成的影响。10.its解析:考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰area,此处应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。D(2017·武汉高中毕业生调研)Sendinggiftsvariesgreatlyfromcountrytocountry.InAustralia,
Canada,theUnitedStates1.____________Europeancountries,sendinggiftsisrarelyexpected.Whileseenasanicegesture,itismoreimportanttoavoid2.__
__________(give)highlypersonalgiftssuchasclothing.Whenvisitingthehomeofacolleaguefromoneofthese3.__________
__(country),itisnormallyappropriatetobringagifttothehostess.InAmerica,4.____________(expense)giftsaredefinitelyout.Agood5.
____________(choose)istotakethedeservingpersontodinner,orto6.____________entertainmentorasportingevent.7.____________thecontrary,giftgivingisatraditi
onalcustominJapan.InJapanthepropergiftisthought8.____________(express)thegiver’struefriendship,gratitudeandrespectfar9.___
_________(well)thanwordscan.SoifyouplantovisitJapanortohaveanyJapanesevisityouhere,beprepared.Australiaisknownforitsfriendlinessandinformality.
Somodestgifts,suchasadiary,apaperweight,oracoffeecupmight10.____________(present)toafriend.Atatradeshow,T-shirts,ties,baseballcaps,orapinma
ybeappropriatesouvenirs.Anythingmorethanthesetypesofgiftscouldcauseembarrassment.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。
1.and解析:考查连词。根据空前的“Australia,Canada,theUnitedStates”和空后的“Europeancountries”可知,空处前后为并列关系,故用并列连词and。2.giving解析:考查动名词。avoiddoingsth.为固定搭配,
意为“避免做某事”,故填giving。3.countries解析:考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知,可数名词country应当用复数形式。4.expensive解析:考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gift
s,故用形容词形式。5.choice解析:考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词A可以判断,空处应用名词的单数形式。6.an解析:考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”,entertainmen
t的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。7.On解析:考查固定搭配。onthecontrary为固定搭配,意为“与此相反”。8.toexpress解析:考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本,恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真
正的友谊”。bethoughttodosth.为固定搭配,意为“被认为„„”,故用动词不定式。9.better解析:考查比较级。根据空后的than可知,该处用well的比较级。10.bepresented解析:考查被动语态。该句主语modestgifts和动词pr
esent之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。专题强化训练1语法填空(一)[学生用书P85(单独成册)]A(2017·甘肃兰州高考实践模拟考试)ResearchersfromShandongUniversityin
eastChinaandtheUniversityofCalifornia,RiversideintheU.S.havecreatedpaperwhichcanstandtobereprintedon1._
___________(score)oftimes,reportedtheDailyMailintheUK.Asheetofthespecialpapercanstandtobereprintedonup2.____________80times,according
tothereport.Theprintmaterialisultraviolet(紫外线的),andtheprintedwordsandimagesdisappearwhenthepaperisheatedto120degre
esCelsius.Thecoretechnologyissaidtobetheink,andanypapercould3.____________(make)reprintableifitcanbe4.____________(safe)heatedtotherighttempera
ture.ThechemicalsintheinkincludePrussianblueandtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛).Thebluecomponent5.____________(lose)itscolorwhenbo
mbarded(冲击)withelectrons(电子).Thespecialpaper6.____________(it)isbluebeforeprinting.Whenultravioletraysareusedinthe
printingprocess,titaniumdioxideinthechemicalcompound(化合物)loseselectrons,7.____________arethenobtainedbythePrussianblue.Mostofthesheetlosesitsbluecol
or,8.____________(leave)behindwords!Butthewordsonthepaperarereadablefor9.____________limitedtimeonly.Afterfivedays,thesheeto
fpaperwillhavereturnedtoitsoriginalbluecolorandthewordswillbegone.Theduration(持续时间)iseven10.____________(short)ifthepaperisheated,even
foronlyafewseconds.[解题导语]本文主要介绍了一项新的发明——可多次复印的特殊纸张。1.scores解析:考查固定词组。scoresof为固定词组,意为“大量,很多”,与times呼应。2.to解
析:考查介词。upto...意为“到达(某数量)”,与80times呼应,故用介词to。3.bemade解析:考查被动语态。make和句子主语paper之间构成逻辑上的被动关系,且与情态动词could呼应,故用bema
de。4.safely解析:考查副词。修饰动词应用副词,故用副词safely在句子中作状语。5.loses解析:考查动词时态和主谓一致。与上文include呼应可知,此处应用一般现在时,且由主语Thebluecomponent为单数形式可知,应用loses。6.itself解析:考查代
词。此处itself是反身代词,和句子主语Thespecialpaper表示同一物,起强调的作用。7.which解析:考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,修饰先行词electrons。8.leaving解析:考查非谓语动词。leave和句子谓语
loses之间没有连词,且与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。9.a解析:考查冠词。time作“一段时间”讲时是不可数名词,但被冠词和形容词修饰时,表示具体的概念,故此处用不定冠词a修饰。10.shorter解析:考查形容词比较级。此处的evenforonlyafewseconds和上文
的Afterfivedays形成对比,由此可知时间更短,故用shorter。[来源:学|科|网]B(2017·长春监测二)Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclass
fullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1.____________(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintothec
lassroom,itwaschaos:twoboyswerefightinginacorner,yet2.____________restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;somegirlswerechattingan
dsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3.____________(leave)everywhere.Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4.________
____(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:“Rule1:Wearefamily!”Allstudentsstopped5.____________(look)ather.Ands
hecontinuedwithRule2,Rule3...Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthem6.____________thewalloftheclassroom.Shepatiently
explainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.7.____________(surprise),Sallywasnotdriv
enoutliketheformerteachers;8.____________,shewonrespectfromthestudents.Overtheyears,shehaswitnessedg
radualchangesintheclass.Atthegraduationceremony,just9.____________sheexpected,shewasveryproudtostand
withaclassofcare,mannersand10.____________(confident).[解题导语]本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则,最终感化学生的故事。1.hadquit(ted)解
析:考查动词的时态。句意:她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。根据语境,quit的动作发生在wastold之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填hadquit(ted)。2.the解析:考查冠词。句意:当她走进
教室的时候,教室里一片混乱:两个男孩在角落里打架,而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们;一些女孩在聊天,一些人在到处跑,到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。therestof为固定短语,意为“其余的”。故填the。3.le
ft解析:考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,逻辑主语为paper,foodpackagesandothergarbage,与动词leave之间是被动关系,故用
过去分词作宾补。故填left。4.picked解析:考查动词的时态。句意:萨莉走上讲台,拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下:“规则1:我们是一家人!”。分析句子结构可知,设空处与walked和wrote为并列的谓语动词,因此,应用一般过去时,故填picke
d。5.tolook解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她,stoptodosth.意为“停下来去做某事”。故填tolook。6.on/onto解析:考查介词。句意
:接下来的几周,萨莉制定了10条班级规则,并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post...on/onto...意为“把„„张贴在„„上”,故填on或onto。7.Surprisingly解析:考查词性转换。句意:令人惊讶的是,
萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走,反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Surprisingly。8.instead解析:考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知,上下文是对比关系,设空处表示“而不是;相反”。故填instead。9.as解析:考查定语从句。句
意:在毕业典礼上,正如她所期待的那样,她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰整个句子,且位于句首,根据句意可知,设空处表示“正如”。故填as。10.confidence解析:考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词,
故填confidence。C(2017·贵阳一中第四次适应性考试)Imaginearoadcrossingwithoutthethree-waytrafficsignal.Cars,trucks,schoo
lbuses,bicyclistsandstudentswalkingtoschoolwouldtrytorushthroughthecrossing1.____________thesametime.Theirsafetywouldbeindanger.Thanksto
anAfrican-American2.____________(invent)namedGarrettAugustusMorgan,wehavethree-positiontrafficsignalsthathelp
makecrossingsmuchsafer.Mr.MorganwasborninKentuckyin1877.Heonly3.____________(receive)sixyears’education.Asateenhelefthisfamily’s
farminsearchofbetteropportunities.4.____________(live)inCincinnati,Ohio,hecontinuedhisstudiesinEnglishgrammar.Thenhemovedon
toCleveland5.____________heworkedasarepairmanforaclothingfactory.Hehadakeeninterestinsolvingproblems6.____________(m
eet)ineverydaylife.Laterhepatented(获得„„的专利权)severalinventions.Thethree-waytrafficsignalwasjustoneofhis
famousinventions.Onedayhefeltverysadwhenhesawatrafficaccident.7.____________(help)reducetrafficaccidentsandsavepeople’slives,he8.______
______(immediate)begantoworkontheinvention.Finally,itwas9.____________greatsuccesswhichsavedlivesthen,and10.____________(be)stillsavinglive
stoday.[解题导语]本文介绍了发明三岔路交通信号灯的非裔美国人,并介绍了这一发明对人类的重要性。1.at解析:考查介词。句意:汽车、卡车、校车、骑自行车的人、步行去学校的学生可能会同时想冲过十字路口。atthes
ametime意为“同时”,为固定短语。故填at。2.inventor解析:考查词性转换。句意:多亏一位名叫加勒特·奥古斯塔斯·摩根的非裔美国人的发明家,我们才拥有了三岔口的交通信号灯,帮助我们更安全地过马路。设空前有冠词an及African-American修饰,因此设空处应用名
词形式;根据namedGarrettAugustusMorgan可知,此处指人。故填inventor。3.received解析:考查动词的时态。句意:他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意,此处讲述过去的事情,故应用一般过去时。故填received。4.Li
ving解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他居住在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提并继续学习英语语法。live与主语he之间为主动关系,因此应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填Living。5.where解析:考查定语从句。句意:之后他搬去了克利夫兰,在那里他在一家服装厂做修理工。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先
行词为Cleveland,且在从句中充当地点状语,故应用where引导该从句。6.met解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语had,设空处应用非谓语动词;meet与problems之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填m
et。7.Tohelp解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助减少交通事故,拯救人们的生命,他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知,设空处在句中作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填Tohelp。8.immediately解析:考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处
修饰谓语动词began,应用副词形式。故填immediately。9.a解析:考查冠词。句意:最终,这项发明取得了伟大成功,拯救了生命,并在当今仍在拯救生命。success在此为抽象名词具体化,表示“一件成功的事”,其前应用不定冠词a。10.is解析:考查动词的时态。句意
见上一题解析。根据时间状语today可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语为it,故填is。专题强化训练2语法填空(二)[学生用书P86(单独成册)]A(2017·唐山一模)Withonlyabout1,800onesleftinthewild
,allgiantpandasareprecious.However,Qizai,1.____________seven-year-oldpandathatlivesattheFopingPandaValleyinChina’
sShaanxiProvince,isevenmoreso.That’sbecauseheisamongahandfulofgiantpandas2.____________(know)tobetheonlyone3.____________brownandwhitefurinthereser
ve.The220-poundQizaihasbecomeasuperstar,andmany4.____________(toy)inhiscolorhavebeenmade.However,lifehasnotalwaysbeeneasyforhim.Itwaswhenhewas
justtwomonthsoldthatQizaiwasabandonedbyhismother.HespenthisearlyyearsattheShaanxiRareWildlifeRescueCenter.Thenhe5
.____________(send)tohiscurrenthome,6.____________thereweremanyothergiantpandas.However,theotherpandasseemed7.__
__________(dislike)himandoftenbullied(欺负)himbystealinghisbamboo.[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]ResearchersarenotsurewhyQizaiha
sdifferentfur.Someassumethatthebrownfurisaresultofageneproblemand8.____________thinkthatitisduetoclimate.9.__
__________(hopeful),scientistswillbeabletomakea10.____________(discover)byobservingQizai’schildren.[解题导语
]世界上只有1800只野生大熊猫,因此它们弥足珍贵,而拥有棕色皮毛的大熊猫七仔则更加稀有。1.a解析:考查冠词。句意:然而,七仔——一只生活在中国陕西省佛坪熊猫谷的七岁大熊猫则更加珍贵。分析句子结构可知,此处____________seven
-year-oldpanda是Qizai的同位语,且句中panda是单数,故填不定冠词a,表泛指。2.known解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:那是因为我们都知道它是保护区内一群大熊猫中唯一一只有着棕白相间的毛色的大熊猫。设空处在句中作定语,修饰p
andas,且逻辑主语pandas与动词know之间为被动关系,故填过去分词known。3.with解析:考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知,这只大熊猫具有这样的特征。with有“具有;带有”的意思,符合句意。故填with。4.toys解析:考查名词单复数。句意:这只重22
0磅的大熊猫七仔已成为超级明星,很多玩具的颜色都做得跟它的一样。toy为可数名词,其前有many修饰,故应用复数形式,故填toys。5.wassent解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:然后它被送到了它现在的家,那里有很多其他大熊猫。设空处为主句的谓
语,send与主语he之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据上一句时态可知,此处为发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。故填wassent。6.where解析:考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词home,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。7.tod
islike解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,其他大熊猫好像不喜欢它,经常欺负它,偷它的竹子。seem后接动词不定式,故填todislike。8.others解析:考查代词。句意:一些人认为棕色皮毛是基因问题,另一些人认为是气候原因。some...others...是固
定搭配,意为“一些„„另一些„„”,故填others.9.Hopefully解析:考查词性转换。句意:科学家们有望通过观察七仔的孩子来获得发现。设空处在句中作状语,要用副词形式。故填Hopefully。10.discovery解析:考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。不定冠词后接可数名词单数,故填d
iscovery。B(2017·广州检测二)IntheWestwearefamiliarwithballetslikeSwanLake.Butthere’sanotherclassicaldanceformwitha
longhistory1.____________hasonlyrecentlyburstontotheworldscene.ItiscalledclassicalChinesedance.ClassicalChine
sedanceis2.____________incrediblydemanding,refined,andexpressivedanceform.Alongsideballet,itisalsooneofthemost
comprehensivedancesystems3.____________(know)tohumankind.4.____________recently,fewpeopleoutsideChinahad
everheardofclassicalChinesedance.OnemajorreasonwasthatwhenChinesecompaniesperformedabroad,theyoftenmixedChinesedancewithwesterndancestyl
es.Andsotheaudienceleftthetheaternotsureexactly5.____________theyhadjustseen.In2006,however,theShenYunPerformingArtsCompany6._____
_______(establish)inNewYork.Itsmissionwastopromote7.____________(tradition)culture,andthisincluded8.____________(present)classicalC
hinesedanceinitspurestform.Notquiteadecadelater,classicalChinesedancehasbecomemuch9.____________(well)recognisedandisstartingtoinfluencewestern
ballet.Althoughtheyhavesignificantdifferences,bothballetandclassicalChinesedancehavetheabilitytovividlytell10.____________(story)andmo
veusthroughbeautifulart.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。1.which/that解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,补充完整是:classicaldanceformhasonlyrecentlybur
stontotheworldscene,所以该定语从句的先行词是“classicaldanceform”,指物,且从句中缺主语。故用which/that。2.an解析:考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。空格处表示“一种”,
是泛指,且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。故用an。3.known解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句有谓语动词“is”,所以此处应用非谓语动词;因为动词know与它修饰的名词“systems
”之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,表示被动。故用known。4.Until解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,此处指直到最近,很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。until意为“到„„为止”,通常与完成时态搭配,unt
ilrecently意为“直到最近”,符合语境。故用Until。注意首字母大写。5.what解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“theyhadjustseen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句,且从句中缺少宾语。故用what。6.wase
stablished解析:考查动词的时态和语态。动词establish与“theShenYunPerformingArtsCompany”之间是被动关系;又因为本文都使用了一般过去时,因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故用wasestablished。7.traditional解析:考查词性转
换。结合句意可知,此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。故用traditional。8.presenting解析:考查非谓语动词。include后要接动名词作宾语。故用presenting。9.better解析:考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,不到十年的时间,
中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。此处much修饰副词well的比较级。故用better。10.stories解析:考查名词复数。story是可数名词,其前没有冠词修饰,故应用其复数形式。故用stories。C(2017·重庆调研抽测二
)Ilovemymom.1.____________(raise)intheSouth,shewasateenagehippie(嬉皮士),minusthepoliticsandplusacountry-clubmembership.WhenIw
as11,mydadannouncedtheir2.____________(separate)anddivorce.Itwasn’tespecially3.____________(surprise),butI
cried,andthenthoughtthatlivingintwoplacesmightbefun.Throughtheyears,mymomhastaught4.____________(I)manythings,notsomuchthroughherwords,5.____
________throughheractions.Irememberwatchingmymotherbakecheesecakes,6.____________(efficient)managedepartmentsatMacy
’sandstandupforherchildren.ButIalsorememberherchoosing“friends”incorrectly,andinvestinginweakpridebecauseshelacked7.____________(confident)inher
skills,talentsandfuture.Ilovemom:That’sneverbeenhard,thoughit’scertainlybeenastruggletorespectthewomanwho8.____
________(make)somanyfaultydecisionsthatledto9.____________nearlyhopelesslife.IknowI’mprettyfortunateinthecourseofmylifeandIalwaysholdabe
lief10.____________myparentsalwayslove,support,andteachtheirchildrenwhattheycan.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从妈妈那里学到的东西,并表达了对妈妈的爱。1.Raised解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子
结构可知,主语she和raise之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式作状语。故填Raised。注意首字母应大写。2.separation解析:考查词性转换。and连接并列成分,且形容词性物主代词their
后应用名词,与divorce并列。故填separation。[来源:学科网]3.surprising解析:考查形容词。was后面接形容词作表语,此处表示“令人吃惊的”,应用现在分词转化而来的形容词surprising。4.me解析:考查代词。此处指妈妈教了
作者很多东西。此处作“taught”的宾语,应用人称代词I的宾格形式me。5.but解析:考查固定结构。句意:这些年来,妈妈通过行动而不是话语教了我很多东西。not...but...意为“不是„„而是
„„”。故填but。6.efficiently解析:考查词性转换。修饰动词manage应用副词。故填efficiently。7.confidence解析:考查词性转换。lack后面接名词作宾语,confident的名词形式是confidence。8.ma
de解析:考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“ledto”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填made。9.a解析:考查冠词。由语境可知,此处指一种近乎无望的生活,表示泛指,且nearly的读音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。10.tha
t解析:考查同位语从句。句意:我知道,在成长过程中我很幸运而且我总是坚信我的父母会永远竭尽所能地爱护、支持和教育我。分析该句结构和句意可知,空格处引导的是同位语从句,解释说明belief的具体内容,且从句成分齐全,句意完整,应用
that引导该从句且that不能省略。专题强化训练3语法填空(三)[学生用书P87(单独成册)]A(2017·陕西西安八校二模)Morethan1,250litstalls(货摊)brightenthecenterofThailand’sc
apitalcity,1.____________(provide)amulticoloredsight.Theshelter,2.____________isdesignedforthousandsoft
radersandshoppersatBangkok’snightmarket,hasbecomean3.____________(attract)itself.Themarket,which4.____________(call)TrainNightMarketRatch
adainEnglish,wasopenedinJanuary2015andhasbecome5.____________popularspotforlocalsandtourists.SoftwareengineerPrasadAmbativisit
edthemarketandtookthelandscapephotographsfromanearbycarpark.“Those6.____________(color)tentsandpeopleshopping,eatingatstallsandthefla
shinglightsweregreat.Thetentsmademethinkofagiantpainting.”Thisis7.____________(primary)amarketthatsellsyesteryear(旧时的)goods,old-fashioned8.__________
__(collection)ofclothes,motorbikes,andsecond-handtoys.Therearealsoplentyofgeneralmarketthingsforsale,9.____________cheapclot
hes,shoes,bags,andotherfashionitems.Butaboveallit’soneofthebestplacesforstreetfood,open-airbarswithlivemusicfrequently10.____________(perf
orm)allover.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市TrainNightMarketRatchada。1.providing解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词;provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作状语。2
.which解析:考查定语从句。先行词是Theshelter,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,故用which。3.attraction解析:考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知,此处应填名词attraction“游览胜地,具有吸引力的事物”。4.isca
lled解析:考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实,应该用一般现在时;which(指代Themarket)与call之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态。5.a解析:考查冠词。spot表示“地点”,是可数名词,且此处为泛指,故填不定冠词a。6.colo(u)rfu
l解析:考查词性转换。根据语境可知,此处指的是“颜色鲜艳的,五彩缤纷的”,故填colo(u)rful。7.primarily解析:考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词,应该用副词,故填primarily。8.collections解析:考查名词复数。空前无冠
词或者形容词性物主代词,加之collection“收藏物,收藏品”是可数名词,故填collections。9.like解析:考查介词。like意为“像,如”,用来列举事物。10.performed解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构。宾语music和perform之
间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。B(2017·西宁三校4月检测)Asamovie1.____________(enthusiastic),I’dliketorecommendsomemoviestoyou.Thefi
rstoneisGoodWillHuntinganditisalsomyfavorite.It’saboutayoungmanfromaworking-classneighborhood.He2.____________(usua
l)getsintotrouble.Oneday,he3.____________(solve)amathproblemthatthebeststudentsinatopuniversityfailedtosolve.Bymeans
of4.____________(watch)it,I’msureyouwillbeencouragedtopursueyourtalents.ThesecondisDeadPoetsSociety.Inthismovie,RobinWilliamsplaystherole5.____
________anEnglishteacher.Heinspiresseveralboys6.____________(love)theirlives.Youwillbecomeencouragedtolivelifetothef
ullestandappreciatepeople7.____________pushyoutosucceed.ThethirdisTheColorPurple.It8.____________(bas
e)onAliceWalker’snovelTheColorPurple.ThismovieshowslifeinsouthernAmericaintheearly1900s.Themovietellst
hetaleof9.____________youngAfricanAmericanwoman’sstruggle.Ithinkyouwillbenefitalotfromit.ThelastisSchindler’sList.The
filmfollowsthe10.____________(truth)storyofOskarSchindler,whosavedmorethan1,000JewsduringtheSecondWorldWar.YouwilllearnmoreaboutWorldWarⅡandbe
touchedbythisstory.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者推荐了四部电影。1.enthusiast解析:考查词性转换。作为一个电影爱好者,我想向你们推荐几部电影。根据空前的“a”和语境可知,此处应填enthusiastic的名词形式enthusiast
“爱好者”。2.usually解析:考查词性转换。他经常陷入麻烦。此处应用副词修饰动词gets,故填usually“通常地,经常地”。3.solved解析:考查动词的时态。有一天,他解决了一道一所名牌大学里最好的
学生都未能解决的数学题。根据句中的时间状语“Oneday”和“failed”可知,此处也应用一般过去时,故填solved。4.watching解析:考查非谓语动词。通过看这部影片,我确信你们会受到激励去发挥自己的才能。bymeansof“借助„„手段”为介词短语,其后可跟名词、代词或
动名词,故此处应用watching。5.of解析:考查介词。在这部电影中,RobinWilliams扮演了一位英语老师的角色。playtheroleof表示“扮演„„角色”,其后所接宾语为角色名称;playarole/partin“在„„中起作用/扮演角色”。6.tolove解析:考查非谓语动
词。他激励一些男孩热爱他们的生命。inspiresb.todosth.“激励某人做某事”为固定用法。7.who/that解析:考查关系代词。你将会受到激励来尽情享受生活并感激那些促使你成功的人。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导定语从句,先行词为peo
ple,表示人,且所填词在从句中作主语,因此本空填关系代词who/that。8.isbased解析:考查动词的时态和语态。它是以AliceWalker的小说TheColorPurple为基础的。此处表示客观情况,故用一般现在时,空后的“shows”“tells”也是
提示;It(指代TheColorPurple)与base之间为动宾关系,需用被动语态,故填isbased。9.a解析:考查冠词。这部影片讲述了一个年轻的非裔美国妇女的努力的故事。根据语境可知,此处泛指“一个年轻的非裔
美国妇女”,且young的发音不是以元音音素开头的,故填不定冠词a。10.true解析:考查词性转换。此处表示这部电影是根据OskarSchindler的真实故事展开的。由空前的“the”和空后的“story”可知,此处应用形容词作定语修饰story。C(20
17·济南模拟)LastweekItookthebusbacktoJinanfromQingdao.I1.____________(carry)abigpieceofluggagewithmeandputitbesidemylegonthebus.Asusual,I
closedmyeyesandtriedtotakearest.Suddenly,Ifeltsomeone2.____________(move)myluggage.Iopenedmyeyesandlookedup.Itwasth
edriver3.____________carriedmyluggageaway,saying“youwillbemorecomfortableifyouputtheluggageatthefrontrow4.____________noo
netakestheseat”.Asasalesperson,Itookthesebusesmanytimes,andneverhaveI5.____________(meet)suchaconsideratedriverwhohadcaredsomuchab
outthepassengersbefore.Thissimpleacttouchedmysoftheartandwillalways6.____________(keep)inmymemory.Ithinkwehavetolearnfromhimandserveourc
lientsmuch7.____________(well).Wehavetobemoreconsiderateandoffermoreattentiveservicetoourclientsduring8.__
__________(they)visittous.Sometimesonelittlethingmaymakepeoplehappyorangry9.____________maketheclientsdecide10.____________(do)thebusinesswithuso
rnot.[解题导语]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在从青岛返回济南的公共汽车上受到司机细心的照顾并有所感慨的故事。1.carried解析:考查动词时态。从上文的Lastweek可知,本文讲述的是过去发生的事情。故此处需用car
ry的过去式carried。2.moving解析:考查非谓语动词。feelsb.doingsth.为固定用法,意为“感到某人在做某事”。3.who/that解析:考查强调句式。强调句式:Itis/was+被强调部分+that...,如果被强调部分
是作主语且表示人的名词时,that可替换成who,此处thedriver是被强调的部分。4.where解析:考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知,thefrontrow是表地点的先行词,空处引导定语从句,且从句中缺少地点状语,故需用关系副词where来引导定语从句。5
.met解析:从空前的never可知,此处是部分倒装句式,句子的时态为现在完成时,助动词have已提前,故此处应用过去分词。6.bekept解析:考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知,and连接两个并列动作,主语是Thissimpleact,该主语与keep之间存在被
动关系,且由空前的will可知此处需填bekept。7.better解析:考查副词的比较级。结合语境可知,作者从这位司机的举动中得出了感悟,要为顾客提供更好的服务。much修饰形容词或副词的比较级形式,well的比较级是better。8.their解析:考查形容词性物主代词。空后是名词v
isit,由此可知此处需要用形容词性物主代词作定语,结合they可知需填their。9.or/and解析:考查并列连词。结合语境可知,此处表并列或选择关系。故填or或and。10.todo解析:考查非谓语动词。decidetod
osth.为固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”。专题强化训练4语法填空(四)[学生用书P88(单独成册)]A(2017·山西八校第一次联考)TheGreatWallwasgrand,alittlerainyatfirst,butgrandallthesame.Themistcovere
dthefarendsofthewall,1.____________(give)itanalmostmysteriousfeeling.Thefogrolledinandoutofthehighmountains,revealingnewpartsof
thewallas2.____________(quick)asitcoveredthem.Ikeptonwalking,seeingwatchtowerafterwatchtower3.____________myway.Tomy4.____________(relieve),m
anypeoplehaddecidedtodaywasnotthebestday5.____________(climb)thewall,andIwastherewithveryfewpeople.Iwalkedf
or6.____________seemedlikemiles.ThenIsawjusthowlongthewallIwasstandingonstretchedfor.Itwas7._________
___(end)!Iwalkedandwalked,butaftereveryhillIclimbed,therewasanotherlongstretchofwall.Ieventuallycameto8.____________longstaircase.LaterIfoundoutth
atit9.____________(call)“ChairmanMao’sChallenge”.Iaccepted,andafterclimbingthehundredplusstairstothepeak,Ihadtoadmi
tthattheGreatWalltrulylivesuptoitsreputation.SoifI10.____________(have)anotherchancetotraveltoChina,IwouldneverhesitatetovisittheGreatWallagain.[解题导
语]本文是一篇记叙文。长城举世闻名,是中国文化的一张名片。本文讲述了作者登临长城的所见所感。1.giving解析:考查非谓语动词。水汽弥漫了长城的远端,赋予它一种近乎神秘的感觉。give与其逻辑语Themist为主谓关系,故应
用其现在分词形式在句中作结果状语。2.quickly解析:考查副词。云雾在高山上翻腾起伏,长城时隐时现。此处为as+形容词/副词+as...结构,在本句中应用副词修饰动词。3.on/along解析:考查介词
。我继续行走,沿途看见一个接一个的烽火台。on/alongone’sway“沿途”。4.relief解析:考查名词。“toone’s+表示情感的名词”是固定的用法,意为“令某人„„的是”。relieve的名词是relief,意为“轻松,
解脱,宽慰”。5.toclimb解析:考查非谓语动词。当名词前有theonly,thebest,thefirst,thelast等修饰语时,其后常跟动词不定式作后置定语。6.what解析:考查宾语从句。我似乎步行了数英里。分析句子结构可知,空处在
句中引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,故填what。7.endless解析:考查形容词。长城是无边无际的。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作表语,故填endless“无止境的,无限的”。8.a解析:考查冠词。我最终来到一个长长的楼梯前。stair
case作“楼梯”讲时是可数名词,且其前无限定词修饰,故应用不定冠词a表示泛指。9.wascalled解析:考查时态和语态。it(指代alongstaircase)与call之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态。再结合本文的基本时态为一般过去时可知,此处
也应用一般过去时。10.had解析:考查虚拟语气。因此如果我再有机会去中国旅行的话,我一定会毫不犹豫再去参观长城的。根据语境可知,此处表示对与将来事实相反的情况的假设,故应填had。B(2017·江西名校联盟5
月检测)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu,1.____________(especial),hashadagreateffect2.____________themillion
sofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymaycometoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother3.________
____(aspect)ofthisculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe4.____________(great)ofancientChinesecultu
re.Theirownculturesare5.____________mixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatco
ntinuestodayevenasit6.____________(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthcomesfromtheideas7.____________(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whi
chwasbuiltupontheideasofaneven8.____________(much)ancientperiodcodified(编纂)intheFiveClassics.Fromthem,theWestlearns9.___________
_isuniquelyChinese,forexample,fengshui.SofarChinahastakensteps10.____________(further)thisspreadofitsculturebyestablishingChineseCul
turalCentersinsuchplacesastheUnitedStatesandEurope.[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。1.especially解析:考查副词。尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了
解中国的成百万的人来讲,有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”,用于强调突出的人或者事情。2.on解析:考查介词。havea(n)...effectonsb.“对某人有„„影响”为固定搭配,故填on。3.aspects解析:考查名词单复数。他们可能会来到中国,学习
了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“someother”及aspect作“方面,层面”讲时是可数名词可知,此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。4.greatness解析:考查名词。其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的
博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知,此处应填名词greatness。5.a解析:考查冠词。这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词,意为“混合,结合”,是可数名词,且此处表示泛指,故用a。6.ischallenged解析:考查动词的时态和语
态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知,此处亦用一般现在时;it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”,和challenge之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填ischallenged。7.given解析:考查过去分词。这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。theideas与give之间为
逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。8.more解析:考查比较级。“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知,此处应用比较级形式,故填more。9.what解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导宾语从句,作learns的
宾语,空处在宾语从句中作主语,且此处表示“所„„的事物”,故用what。10.tofurther解析:考查非谓语动词。目前,中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作目的状语,故应用不定式形式。further在此用
作动词,意为“促进,增进”。C(2017·湖南部分重点中学考前演练)TheMid-AutumnFestivalisaharvestfestival1.____________(observe)onthe15
thdayofthe8thmonthoftheChineselunarcalendar.Itcelebratesthreefundamentalconceptswhicharecloselytied2.____________oneanother:ga
thering,suchasfamilyandfriends3.____________(come)together,orharvestingcropsforthefestival;thanksgiving,togivethanksfortheha
rvest,orforharmoniousunions;praying4.____________(sincere)forbeauty,longevity,babies,marriage5.____________
(partner),orforagoodfuture.Traditionsandmythssurroundingthefestival6.____________(form)aroundthesethreeconcepts,althought
raditionshavechangedovertimedueto7.____________(significance)changesintechnology,science,economy,culture,andreligion.It’saboutwellbeingtoget
her.Thefestivalwasatime8.____________peopleenjoyedthesuccessfulreaping(收获)ofriceandwheatwithfoodofferingsmadeinhonorofthemoon.Today,peoplestil
lmark9.____________occasionwithsimilaractivities.Theyhaveoutdoorreunionsamongfriendsandrelativestoeatmooncakesandwatchthemoon,asymbolofharmony
and10.____________(unite).[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中秋节的相关内容。1.observed解析:考查非谓语动词。中秋节是一个收获的节日,于中国农历的八月十五庆祝。分析句子结构可知,observe与aharvestfestival
之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处应用过去分词作后置定语。2.to解析:考查介词。betiedto“与„„紧密相关”,是固定搭配,故填介词to。3.coming解析:考查非谓语动词。比如,家人和朋友来到一起。come与familyandfriends是逻辑上的主谓关系,
故用现在分词。4.sincerely解析:考查词性转换。空处修饰非谓语动词praying,应用副词sincerely“真诚地”。5.partners解析:考查名词单复数。partner作“配偶,伴侣”讲时是可数名词,且空前无限定词修饰,故应用其复数形式。6.
areformed解析:考查时态、语态和主谓一致。与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的。本文的基本时态是一般现在时,此处亦用一般现在时;句子的主语为Traditionsandmyths,表示复数概念,谓语动词应用
复数;form与主语Traditionsandmyths之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填areformed。7.significant解析:考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰changes,故应用形容词significant,表示“重大
的”。8.when解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是atime,且空处在从句中作时间状语,故填when。9.the解析:考查冠词。现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝这一节日。此处的occ
asion特指中秋节,故应用定冠词the。10.unity解析:考查词性转换。根据空前的“ofharmonyand”可知,此处应填一个名词,与harmony一起作介词of的宾语。故填unity。