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专题05阅读理解-高考学霸笔记1.阅读理解选项动词require,provide,allow,offer,inspire,encourage,advertise,introduce,strengthen,improve,enable,check,guide,adjust,preserv

e,prepare,explore,include,remove,explain,collect,foster,protect,gain,present,contact,explain,stress,praise,continue,cause,describe,analyz

e,reveal,publish,combine,resemble,avoid,observe,follow,compare,realize,create,appreciate,recognize,celebrate,evaluate,co

nfirm,identify,propose,indicate,manage,promote,reduce,update,neglect,ignore,over-emphasize,urge,apply,recommend2.

阅读理解选项形容词unsure,eager,impolite,serious,suspected,healthy,strong,crazy,funny,unkind,lonely,generous,coo

l,panicked,confused,embarrassed,disappointed,cautious,favorable,ambiguous,disapproving,awful,negative,positive,humorous,doubtful,awkward,puzzled,ex

cited,nervous,cruel,unexpected,discouraging,unattractive,confidential,supportive,annoyed,sensitive,indi

fferent,understanding,heartbroken,massive,pessimistic,innovative,unconcerned,responsible,sorrowful,ambitious,caring,demanding,optimistic,produc

tive,beneficial,significant,unnoticeable,uncaring,curious,anxious,cautious,sympathetic,appreciative,uninterested,random,urgent,

evident,fair,improper,acceptable3.阅读理解注意事项①细节理解定位最关键，定好之后别乱跑。②说明文说明对象，一般出现在第二段，第一段作用为引出话题，常用小故事形式。③阅

读理解顺次出题，均匀分布。④议论文四个题，1-2个细节，1个推理，1个主旨或最佳标题，1个词义猜测（可选）。4.阅读理解A篇注意事项①注意时间、地点，特别关注月份和星期。②共同点常考察两个小标题，四个选项均会在文中出现。可寻找两个小标题下的关键词，也可进行排除法选择。③特殊点提问时，可用排除法进行

二次验证。5.阅读理解其他要点①注意首段转折，转折后才是需要重点考虑的内容。转折词包括“but”、“however”等。这种行文风格在全国卷中非常常见，其他的还包括“While”开篇，如2018年全国卷III等。②原因类提问，细节定位，如选项出

现Todo结构，则需返回原文寻找相似结构。③段落主旨题，一般出现两个明显错误，一个原文未提及选项，可进行排除验证。④文章以新奇类为主，万不可先入为主。⑤注意人物态度题，平时积累选项形容词。如首段未出现转折词，则作者态度常常

正面；反之，作者常常持反对态度。⑥最佳标题及文章主旨题，转换身份，将自己当成作者，再进行判断，你是否会如此行文。如果一致，则说明答案正确；如不一致，则选项有问题。⑦平时积累科普素材，及时接触较新的发展前沿问题，这

也是阅读选文的出发点。【综合练习】阅读理解数字题【前置知识点】数字干扰1.不直接给出，需要错误数字结合附加条件（例如：12岁以下免费）2.利用数字锁定范围，不直接给出，而是a.出现同范畴词汇b.同义词c.出现明显与选项一样的数字但是与题干不符（容易先入为主）3.

用错误的阿拉伯数字，掩盖正确的英文数字。4.用在文中出现的明显的百分数字，干扰需要总结得出的答案(about,mostofthem,few)1.（2020山东卷）APOETRYCHALLENGEWriteap

oemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreacho

fthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAir

andSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookShyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhart

signedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto:50honorablementionwinners,whow

illeachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpo

emcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Ont

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year.1,Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.2.(2020·江苏)阅读理解SomeimportantdatesinC

hina'sfightingCovid-19beforeMay7,2020Jan20,2020~Feb20,2020Jan23:Wuhandeclaredtemporaryoutbound(向外的)trafficrestri

ctions.Jan24:NationalmedicalteamsbegantobesenttoHubeiandwuhan.Jan27:TheCentralSteering(指导)GrouparrivedinWuhan.Feb18:Thedailynumberofnewlycur

edanddischarged(出院)patientsexceededthatofthenewlyconfirmedcases.Feb21,2020~Mar17,2020Feb21:Mostprovincesandequivalentadminis

trativeunitsstartedtolowertheirpublichealthemergencyresponselevel.Feb24:TheWHO-ChinaJointMissiononCovid-19heldapressconferenceinBeijing.Mar11

-17:Theepidemic(流行病)peakhadpassedinChinaasawhole.Mar18,2020~Apr28,2020Apr1:ChinesecustomsbeganNAT(核酸检测)oninboundarrivalsatallpointsofentry.Apr8:Wu

hanliftedoutboundtrafficrestrictions.Apr26:ThelastCovid-19patientinWuhanwasdischargedfromhospital.Apr29,2020~May7,2020Apr30:Thepubli

chealthemergencyresponsewasloweredtoLevel2intheBeijing-Tianjin-Hebeiregion.May7:TheStateCouncilreleasedGuidelinesonConductin

gCovid-19PreventionandControlonanOngoingBasis.FromwhichdatewereprivatecarsallowedtogooutofWuhan?A.January23.B.March11.C.April8.D.May73.(

2019天津)HistoryFairCompetitionUnderstandinghistoryisvitaltounderstanding;ourselvesasapeopleandasanation.His

toryismuchmorethantheeventslongpast.Itisanessentialpartofwhowearetodayandwhowillbecome.ThorntonmiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetitionmakesunderstandi

nghistoryexciting,engaging,andfun!ThisYear'sThemeAllparticipantsmustaddresshowicommunicationortransportationtechnologyhaspromotedthequalityoflifefor

Americansthroughouthistory.Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers，hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltod

istantplanets.However,technologyisalsotheapplicationofscientificknowledgetosolveaproblem,touchinglivesincountlessways.Individualsorgroup

smayenteroneofthefollowingcategories;.Performance.Documentary(纪实作品).EssayWritingCategoryRequirementsPerformance;Adramaticpres

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Documentary:Avisualpresentation(suchasavideo.slideshow，orcomputerproject)nomorethan10minuteslong.Adesktopcomputer,screen,projector,andloudspea

kerswillbeavailable.StudentsmustprovidetheirpresentationsonCDsbeforeFriday,March23.EssayWriting:Anacademi

cpaperof2000to2500words.Noillustrations(图解)areallowed.Pleasedonotincludecovers.Alistofreferencesmustbeincluded.ImportantDates

January5Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Theteachermayrequireasecondproposalifthefirstisoff-topicorunclear.February5S

ubmitafirstdraftofyouressay，performancescript(剧本)，ordocumentaryhighlights.February19Acommitteeofteacherswille

valuatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhaveanopportunitytoimprovetheirproducts.March9Submitafinaldraftofyouressa

y.March15PerformanceanddocumentarycommitteepreviewMarch24ThorntonMiddleSchoolHistoryFairCompetition7:00A.M.-9:00A.M.0Participantssigningina

tthegym10:00A.M.-6:00P.M.Competitionandjudges'review7:00P.M.Awardsceremonyandpicnic1.Whatwillthecommitteeofteachersdoo

nFebruary19?A.Previewperformancesanddocumentaries.IB.Makecommentsonthematerials.C.Improvetheparticipant'sfirstdraft.

D.Collectasecondproposalfromtheparticipant.4.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,A)WelcometoHolkerHall&GardensVisitorInformationHowtoGettoHolkerByCar:Followbr

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grouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A.￡12.00.B.￡9.00.C.￡8.00.D.￡5.50.5.(2018课标全国II,A)SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldrea

dthelistwiththeirparents/carers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlin

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ngrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations...Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.GoodePottyab

outPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,gui

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Exeter.MissDrake￡1503.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twodays.B.Fourdays.C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.6.(2018课标全国I,C)Languageshavebe

encomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpo

pulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.So

melanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps

12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettle

dandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthesprea

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heworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlang

uages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,

000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediann

umber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywello

ver400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),Ch

iapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseem

stohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.

About1,200.7.(2018江苏A)TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028211-535一7710Www.metmuseum.orgEntrancesFifthAv

enueat82ndStreetHoursOpen7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25，January1,andthefir

stMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recommendedforadults，$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊)onthesameday;freeforchil

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dren'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardensTheCloistersmuseumandgarden

sisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensi

vecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture，coloredglass，andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe

9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00--16:45ClosedThanksgivingDay，December25，andJanuary1.56

.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62.8.(2017课标全国II,A)Inthecomingmonths,wearebring

ingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare’splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakes

pearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛会)willbetheNat

ionalTheatreofChina’sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany’sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sR

ichardⅢwillbedirectedbytheNational’sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.Date&Time:Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30p

mMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatre

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Time:Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheatreLondon|BritishSignLanguage(BSL)Bytranslatingtherichan

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ildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23Ma

y,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew-languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,the

companyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakes

peare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time:Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm3.W

hencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A.OnSaturday28April.B.OnSunday29April.C.OnTuesday22May.D.OnTuesday29May.9.（2017•北京）Inspiringyoungmind

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.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12﹣monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina？A．£55．B．£60．C．£65．D．

£70．10.（2017•浙江）GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids．Accordingtoanewsurvey（调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation，

51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights，eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly．LastyeartheFounda

tionreportedthatnearly60%of7﹣to12﹣year﹣oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday，and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool．How

muchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage．Babiesneedalotofrest：mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours．Formostschool﹣agechildren，tenh

oursisideal（理想的）．ButthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10﹣to12﹣year﹣oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours．Andguesswhatalmo

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，withmorehomework，theInternetandthephone，"saysDr．MaryCarskadon，asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedica

lSchool．Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep．Otherexpertssaypartofthepro

blemischemical．Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers'bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics，buta

lsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm．Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers，someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclassesla

terthantheyusedto．Threeyearsago，schoolsinEdina，Minnesota，changedthestarttimefrom7：25amto8：30am．Students，parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeres

ults．1.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11﹣year﹣oldsneedeveryday？A.7hours．B.8hours．C.10hours．D.18hours．11.(2017年11月浙江

)Thereareenergysavingstobemadefromallrecyclablematerials,sometimeshugesavings.Recyclingplasticsandaluminum,forinstance.,u

sesonly5％to10％asmuchenergyasproducingnewplasticorsmelting(提炼)aluminum.Longbeforemostofusevennoticedwhatwenowcall"theenviron

ment",BuckminsterFullersaid,"Pollutionisnothingbuttheresources(资源)wearenotharvesting.Weallowthemtobeleftaroundbecausewe’vebeenignorantoftheirva

lue.”Totakeoneexample,let'scomparethethrowawayeconomy(经济）witharecyclingeconomyaswefeedacatforlife。Sayyourcatweigh5kgandeatsonecanoffoodeachday.Eache

mptycanofitsfoodweights40g.Inathrowawayeconomy，youwouldthrowaway5475cansoverthecats15-yearlifetime.That's219kgofst

eel-morethanafifthofatonandmorethan40timesthecat'sweight.Inarecyclingeconomy,wewouldmakeonesetof100canstostartwi

th,thenreplacethemoverandoveragainwithrecycledcansSincealmost3%ofthemetalislostduringreprocessing,we'dhavetomakeanextra10canseachyear.B

utinall,only150canswillbeusedupoverthecat'slifetime-andwellstillhave100leftoverforthenextcat.Insteadofusingup219kgo

fsteel,we'veusedonly6kg.Andbecausetheprocessofrecyclingsteelislesspollutingthanmakingnewsteel,we'vealsoachievedt

hefollowingsignificantsavings:Inenergyuse-47%to74%:inairpollution-85%;Inwaterpollution-35%:inwateruse-40%.Howmanyca

nswillbeusedupinacat’s15-yearlifetimeinarecyclingeconomy?A.50B.100C,150D.25012.(2016全国卷I)GrandparentsAnsweraCallAsath

ird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildre

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oveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeG

arzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPres

identObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhe

rgranddaughters.Accordingtoastudybygrandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-t

hirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhom

efarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparen

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sthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithadabadinfl

uence.D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.13.(2016全国2)What’sOn?ElectricUnderground7.30pm—1.00amFreeattheCyclopsTheatreDoyouknowwho’splayingin

yourarea?We’rebringingyouanexcitingeveningofliverockandpopmusicfromthebestlocalbands.Areyouinterestedinbecomingamusicianandgettin

garecordingcontract(合同)?Ifso,comeearlytothetalkat7.30pmbyJulesSkye,asuccessfulrecordproducer.He’sgoingtotalkabouthowyoucanfindtherightper

sontoproduceyourmusic.GeeWhizz8.30pm—10.30pmComedyatKaleidoscopeComeandseeGeeWhizzperform.He’sthefunnieststand-upcomedianonthecome

dyscene.Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest.GeeWhizzreallyknowshowtomakeyoulaugh!Ourbarisop

enfrom7.00pmfordrinksandsnacks(快餐).Simon’sWorkshop5.00pm—7.30pmWednesdaysatVictoriaStageThisisagoodchanceforanyonewhowantstolearnhowtodoc

omedy.Theworkshoplooksateverykindofcomedy,andpracticesmanydifferentwaysofmakingpeoplelaugh.Simonisacomedianandactorwhohas10years’experienceofteaching

comedy.Hisworkshopsareexcitingandfun.AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.CharlotteStone8.00pm—11.00pmPizzaWorldFinefoodwithbeautif

uljazzmusic;thisisagreateveningout.CharlotteStonewillperformsongsfromhernewbest-sellingCD,withJamesPickerin

gonthepiano.ThemenuisItalian,withexcellentmeatandfreshfish,pizzasandpasta(面食).Bookearlytogetatable.Ourbarisop

enallday,andservescocktails,coffee,beer,andwhitewine.24.WhenwillCharlotteStoneperformhersongs?A.5.00pm—7.30pm.B.7.30pm—1.00am.C.8.00pm—11.00pm.D.8.

30pm—10.30pm.14.(2016全国3)MusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMar

chandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742.http://www.cityopera.com.ChamberOrchestra:The

OrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formoreinformation.h

ttp://www.chamberorch.com.SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughM

ayatMusicHallandinsummeratRiverbend.http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthe

maincampus(校园)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewell-kno

wnLaSalleQuartet,CCM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.Stu

dentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat55

6-4183.http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheate

rwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:232-6220.http://www.riverb

endmusic.com.21.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanopera?A.241-2742.B.723-1182.C.381-3300.D.232-6220.22.Whencanyougotoaconcertby

ChamberOrchestra?A.February.B.May.C.August.D.November.