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伏龙初中2019中考英语阅读理解编习题（9）附答案【能力选练】A（2019中考科普环保类选练）Theworldisnotonlyhungrybutalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstra

ngetoyou,sincenearly70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthatisseawaterorsaltwater.Manc

anonlydrinkandusetheother3%offreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,undergroundandsoon.Andwecannotevenuseallofthatbecausesomeofithasbeenma

dedirty.EarthDayisApril22.Butonallotherdays,wemustalsorememberhowimportantwateris.Thewaterthatweuseisthemostimportantnaturalresourceontheearth.Tod

aywefaceseriouswaterproblems.Oneofthemiswaterpollution.Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomesmakeourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Po

llutedwaterisverybadforpeopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,too.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?Firsttheypo

llutetheair.Thenwhenitrains,therainwatermakesourdrinkingwaterdirty.Dirtyrain,calledacidrain（酸雨）,isals

obadforplants,animalsandbuildings.Scientistssaythatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon'th

aveenoughdeanwater.Wehavetolearnhowtostopwastingwater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Todayinmost

largecities,wateri~usedonlyonceandthensereoutintoasewersystem（下水道）.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorgoesunderground.Buteventhough

everylargecityreuseditswater,wewouldstillnothaveenough.Soweshouldmakeuseofseawaterbyremovingthesaltinit.Ifwecantakethesesteps,fres

hwaterwon'tbeusedup.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecause______.A．wedon'thaveenoughfreshwaterB．alotofwatergoesi

ntosewersystemsC．only70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiswaterD．seawateriswidelyusedratherthanfreshwater2.Theunderlinedword"face"means"_____

_".A．turnthefacedownB．turnthefaceupC．turnthefacetoD．turnthefaceback3.Fromthispassage,weknowacidrain________.A．isonlybadforl

ivingthingsB．isnotbadforbuildingsandfactoriesC．canbeproducedinfactoriesD．isbadforpeople,animals,plantsandbuildi

ngs4.Onedifficultwaywecansolvetheproblemisto______.A．usethewaterwithsaltinitB．removethesaltfromseawaterC．getwaterfromundergroundD．reusethewateri

ncities5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．FreshwaterandseawaterB．AthirstycountryC．TheimportanceofwaterD．Theworld'swa

terproblem参考答案ACDBD【能力选练】B【****吉林省实验中学】(B)TheInternetisabigplaceandhaslotsofdifferentkindsofinformation.Nobodyhasenoughtimetofindsomething

ontheInternet.Yahoogivesusalotofhelp.TwoStanfordUniversitystudentsJerryYangandDavidFilostarteditin199

4.Theymadealistoftheirfavoritewebpages.Whentheirlistgotbigger,theymadeadatabase(数据库)tokeepalotofinformation.Theyletever

yoneuseitforfree.Soon,thousandsofpeoplewereusingit.Thentheymadeanewkindofsoftware（软件）.Itcouldstoremuchmoreinformation,andpeople

canfindinformationbyusingit.Ifyoulookfor“animals”,itwillgiveyoualistofwebpageswiththeword.Yahoobecameapubliccompanyin1996.Asthecompanygrew,Yang

andFilowentonworkinghard.Theyputmoreusesinthesoftware,suchasshoppingandfreee-mails.TheystartedYahooinmanydifferentcountriesandindifferentl

anguages.YahooisfamousontheInternet.Itreallymakesmoneyunlike（不像„）mostotherwebcompanies.根据短文内容选择正确答案。（5分）()76Yahoowasstart

edin1994by_________________.A.BillGatesB.twocollegestudentsC.AmericanscientistsD.thousandsofpeople()77.Afterthecompanybecamebi

gger,YangandFilo_____.A.becamelazyB.workedlessC.continuedworkinghardD.stoppedworking()78.Thepassagedoesn'ttellusifwecan_____byusi

ngtheYahoosoftware.A.goshoppingB.lookforinformationC.sendandreceivee-mailsD.maketelephonecalls()79.W

hichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.YahooisanothernameofInternet.B.Yahooisapubliccompany.C.Yahoodoesn'tofferfreee-mailD.Yahooislosingmoney.()80.Whatdoesth

ewriterthinkofmostotherInternetcompanies?A.Theydon'tmakemuchmoney.B.Theyareallfamous.C.TheyarejustlikeYahoo.D.Theyareb

etterthanYahoo.参考答案76-80BCDBA【能力选练】C【****北京】MysummerholswrCWOT.B4,weused2go2NY2Cmybro,hisGF&thr3：－@kidsFTF.ILNY,itsgr8.Canyouun

derstandthissentence?Ifyoucan’t,don’tfeeltoobad:neithercouldthemiddleschoolteacherinEnglandwhoreceived

thisashomework.ThisisNetspeak:thelanguageofcomputerizedcommunicationfoundonInternetofcellphones.Tonewcomers,itcanlooklikeacompletelyforeignlanguage.S

o,whatisthe“translation”ofthesentenceabove?Mysummerholidayswereacompletewasteoftime.Before,weusedtogotoNewYorktoseemybrother,hisgirlfrie

nd,andtheirthreescreamingkidsfacetoface.IloveNewYork;it’sgreat.Schoolteachersandparentssaythisnewformofwritingisharming(破坏)theEnglishlanguage.Incr

easingspellingandgrammaticalmistakescanbeseeninstudents’writing.Theyfearthelanguagecouldbecomecorrupted(

面目全非的)．Everyoneshouldjustrelax,saylinguists(语言学家).TheybelieveNetspeakisinfactmoreofagoodthing.DavidCrystal,fromtheUniversityofWales,arguesthat

NetspeakandInternetcreateanewlanguageuseandthealmostlostartofdiarywritinghasbeenpickedupagain.GeoffreyNunberg,fromStanfordUniversity,agrees.“P

eoplegetbetteratwritingbywriting，”hesays.“Kidswhoarenowdoingtextmessaging,e­mail,andinstantmessageswillwriteatle

astaswellas,andpossiblybetterthan,theirparents.LinguistJamesMilroysays,forcenturies,itisbelievedwithoutexcep

tionthatyoungpeopleareharmingthelanguage.Andyoucanbetyourbottomdollarthatwhentoday’steenagersbecomet

omorrow’sparents,theytoowillthinkthisway.Milroyarguesthatlanguagesdonotandcannotbecome“corrupted”；theysimplychange

tomeetthenewneeds.However,NetspeakersdoagreethatitisimportanttoteachyoungpeoplehowtospeakandwriteSta

ndardEnglish.CynthiaMcVeysays,“IcanunderstandNetspeakworriesteachersandit’simportantthattheygetacrosstotheirpupilsthattextmessagingisforfun,butthatle

arningtowriteproperEnglishisamustfortheirfuture.”Perhapsweshouldgiveteenagersalittlemoretrustanyway.Erin,age1

2,says,“Iwouldn’tusetextlanguageinmyhomework.Textingisjustforfun.”()1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Togiveanexamp

leofaforeignlanguage.B.Toshowanexampleofcreativemethods.C.ToexpressworriesaboutusingNetspeak.D.ToleadinthetopicofNetspeak.()2.Whichoft

hefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.CynthiaMcVeypointsoutteenagerscandealwithNetspeakproperly.B.GeoffreyNunbergbeliev

esNetspeakerscanwriteStandardEnglish.C.DavidCrystalthinksNetspeakhelpsdevelopthehabitofwriting.D.JamesMilroysaysthatlanguage

ischangingandimproving.()3.Theexpression“betyourbottomdollar”inParagraph5means________.A.befairlysureB.begreatlysurprisedC.thinkitapi

tyD.finditinteresting()4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Netspeak:AWidely­UsedLanguageonInternetB.IsNetspeakHarmingtheEnglishLanguage?C.IsNetspe

akHelpfulintheEnglishLanguage?D.Netspeak:AdvantagesandDisadvantages语篇解读：要把这篇文章完全读明白是需要一定功底和阅读技巧的。它的难点就在于众多不认识的人名会干扰阅读，另外这些人的言论都是不一样的，需要考生自己提炼作者的态

度。1.D。推理判断题。在审题过程中需要注意的是mainpurpose而不是mainidea，第一段就一句话，而且是让人咋看一头雾水的句子，这样的句子用在开头，很明显是为了引出下文。或者大家可以运用排除法，文章主要对象是Netspeak，而A，B两项没有提到netspeak

，故排除，又因为C选项在感情色彩上是负面，与原文感情色彩相违背，故选D。2.C。判断正误题，也叫做细节推断题，解题方法依据选项中的人物专有名词来定位找要点，A定位词为CM在原文倒数第二个自然段出现，其中引号的句子中用了wo

rries与答案中的properly相反，所以排除；B定位词为GN和StandardEnglish，文中出现StandardEnglish是在倒数第二个自然段与CM相关的信息，所以此选项为典型的张冠李戴；D选项为片面的夸大其辞，文章层面只能看到languageischan

ging而没有任何细节提到improving，所以根据文章第四自然段可以推断出C为正确选项。3.A。概括归纳题。本题为短语推断题，解题方法：结合上下文逻辑关系，上文提到年轻人会harming语言，下文接着说当他们

成为父母后，“theytoowillthinkthisway.(他们也会这么想)”，那么中间空出一定是强调，并突显出下文，那么最满足条件的解释是A选项。4.B。概括归纳题。结合专家的观点，从引号中的句子我们可以断定，全文的中心思想是为了突显出Netspeak的好。

A选项文章没有突显出widely­used；C选项没有重点提及到languagelearning；文章观点很鲜明，并不是D选项正反观点的论证。故选B。【能力选练】D左栏是五个人物喜欢阅读的书本的介绍，右栏是七位作家的描述。请将左栏的人物与右栏他们会感兴

趣的作家进行配对。()11.Mandylovespicturebooks.Shedreamsofbeingawriterofpicturebooksoneday,soafterwork,sheoftenreadspicturebooksfromfa

mouswriterstogetmoreideas.()12.Peterisstudyingscience.Heisveryinterestedintheuniverse(宇宙)andlikesreadingsciencefictionsinhisfreetime.()13

.Markenjoyswriting.HisfavoritewriterisLuXun.HelikesreadingbookswrittenbyLuXunandwantstobeagoodwriterlikehimsomeday.

()14.Sarahisanofficeworker.Sheisbusyeveryday.Butwhensheisfree,shespendsherfreetimereadingA.ArthurCharlesClarkeisoneoftheworld'sbestwriterso

fsciencefiction.HisfamousbooksareASpaceOdyssey,IslandsintheSkyandTheCityandtheStars.Theytellusalotabouttheuniver

se.B.B.J.KRowlingisaBritishchildren'swriter.HerbestfamousbooksaretheHarryPotterbooksseries.Theyareverypopularwithchildrenandbecomethebest­sellingboo

kseriesinhistory.C.LuXunwasoneofthemostfamousChinesewritersinthe20thcentury.HewasknownasthefatherofmodernChineseliterature(

文学).SomeofhisnovelsweremadeintofilmssuchasTheTrueStoryofAHQ.D.QiongYaoisoneofthemostfamouswritersofromanticnovelsinTaiw

an.Therearealotofbeautifullovestoriesinhernovels.E.MoYanwonthe2012NobelPrizeforliterature.Inhiswriting,hedescribeshislifeexperiencesinthepl

acewherehewasborn.F.GuoJingmingisoneofthemostfamousmodernwriters.HisnovelsareverypopularamongtheyoungandhisnovelTinyTimesismadeintomoviesandbecomesa

biglovestoriestorelaxherself.()15.Stevehopestobeafamouswriterinthefuture.Everynightbeforegoingtobed,hel

ikesreadingsomefamousbooks,especiallythebookswrittenbyMoYan.success.G.Jimmyisthebestsellingwriterofpicturebooks.Hehascreatedmanyfamous

picturebooksandoneofthebestsellingbooksisTurnLeftandTurnRight.参考答案11～15GACDE【能力选练】E（选自2016中考训练）阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最

佳答案，Areyoushy？Ifyouare，youarenotalone．Infact，closeto50percentofpeopleareshy．Almost80percentofpeoplefeelshyatsomepointintheirlives．Thesedays，shyness

isbecomingmoreandmorecommon．Now，scientistsaretryingtounderstandshyness．Theyhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhypeopleareshy．Isit

possibletobebornshy？Manyscientistssayyes．Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly．Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherb

abies．Interestingly，theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents．Asaresult，scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisge

netic．Familysizemightcausepeopletobeshyaswell．ScientistsatHarvardUniversitystudiedshychildren．Theyfoundthat66percentofth

emhadolderbrothersandsisters．Asaresult，theybecameshy．Atthesametime，childrenwithnobrothersandsistersmaybeshyaswell．Growingupalone，theyoftenpl

aybythemselves．Theyarenotabletolearnthesamesocialskillsaschildrenfrombigfamilies．Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwher

eyouwereborn．Whenscientistsstudiedshynessindifferentcountries．Theyfoundsurprisingdifferences．InJapan，mostpeoplesaidtheyw

ereshy．ButinIsrael，onlyoneofthreepeoplesaidso．Whatexplainsthedifference？OnescientistsaystheJapaneseandIsrael

ishavedifferentopinionsoffailure．InJapan，whenpeopledonotsucceed，theyfeelbadaboutthemselves．Theyblame（责备）themselvesfortheirfailure．InIsr

ael，theoppositeistrue．Israelisoftenblamefailureonoutsidereasons，suchasfamily，teachers，friends，orbadluck．InIsrael，freedomofopinio

nandrisktakingarestronglysupported．ThismaybewhyIsraelisworrylessaboutfailureandarelessshy．Forshypeople

，itcanbedifficulttomakefriends，speakinclass，andevengetagoodjob．Butscientistssayyoucangetoveryourshyness．T

heysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation．Anddon’tforget﹣﹣﹣ifyouareshy，youarenottheonlyone．50．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？BA．Ha

ppiness．B．Shyness．C．Kindness．D．loneliness．51．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“genetic”inparagraph2probablymean？AA

．Passeddownfromparents．B．Learnedfromfriends．C．Taughtbyteachers．D．Madeupbybrothers．52．Whatcanbelearnedfr

omthepassage？CA．Mostlittlebabiesarebornshyandquiet．B．Ifyouareshynow，youwillbeshyforever．C．Manyshychildrenhaveolderbrothersandsisters．D．MostIsr

aelipeopleareshyofexpressingopinions．53．WecanlearnfromthepassagethatBmaycauseshyness．A．genetics，grown﹣﹣up

sandbirthplaceB．genetics，familysizeandbirthplaceC．familysize，grown﹣﹣upsandfailureD．genetics，familysize

andfreedom54．ScientistssuggestthatshypeoplecangetovertheirshynessbyB．A．blamingtheirfailureonoutsidereasonsB．

tryingnewthingsandpracticingconversationC．gettingthemselvesawayfromtheirshyparentsD．tryingtounderstandreasonsfortheirshyness55．Whichofthefo

llowingshowsthestructure（结构）ofthepassage？（P=Paragraph）A【考点】科普知识类阅读．【分析】翻译：你害羞吗？如果是，不止你一个．事实上，接近50%人害羞．

几乎80%的人在他们的生活中感到害羞，现在，害羞越来越普遍．科学家们正在试图理解害羞．他们有一些有趣的想法为什么人很害羞．它可能是出生就害羞？许多科学家说，他们说是的，百分之十五到百分之二十的婴儿表现出害羞．这些婴儿比其他婴儿安静一点、更警惕．有趣的是，这些害羞的孩子

通常有害羞的父母．因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传．家庭成员的数量可能使人害羞．科学家在哈佛大学研究害羞的孩子．他们发现百分之六十六的有兄弟姐妹的孩子．他们变得害羞．同时，没有兄弟姐妹的孩子，也害羞．他们独自成长，他们经常自己玩．来自大家庭的孩子他们不能够学到同样的社会技能．你可能也会因为你的

出生地而害羞，科学家们研究在不同的国家害羞．他们发现了惊人的差异．在日本，大多数人说他们很害羞．但在以色列，只有三分之一的人这么说．为什么会有这样的区别？一位科学家说，日本和以色列对失败有不同意见．在日本，当

人们不成功，他们自我感觉不好．他们责备他们自己的失败．在以色列，恰恰相反．以色列人常常把自己的失败归咎于外部原因，如家庭，朋友，老师，或者运气不好．在以色列，自由的观点和冒险的精神强烈支持着他们．这可能是为什么以色列人并不担心失败而不害

羞．对于害羞的人来说，交朋友，在课堂上演讲，甚至得到一份好工作，都是很难的，但科学家说你可以克服你的羞怯，他们建议尝试新事物，练习对话，不要忘记﹣﹣﹣如果你是害羞的，你不是唯一的一个．【解答】50．B．文章第一句话就问道“你害羞吗？如果是，那么你

不是一个人”接着文章介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，最后说害羞虽然有很多害处，但是可以改变的．所以本文讲的主要是害羞．故选B．51．A．前文说到Interestingly，theseshybabiesu

suallyhaveshyparents．Asaresult有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母，由此判断“genetic”意为从父母传下来的基因．故选A．52．C．文章第三段中提到Theyfoundthat66percentof

themhadolderbrothersandsisters．害羞的孩子中百分之六十六有哥哥或者姐姐．文章中说有些孩子生下来会害羞和安静，但不是大部分，排除A；害羞是可以改变的，排除B；以色列人表达观点更自由

更大胆，而不是更害羞，排除D；故选C．53．B．文章的二三四段，分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因．分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，故选B．54．B．文章最后一段说到Theysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation．他们建议尝试新事物，练习交谈

，这样可以改变害羞的性格．故选B．55．A．文章第一段引出本文讲述的主题：害羞，接着二三四段分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，最后一段总结了害羞的害处和改变这种性格的办法．所以是总分总的结构．故

选A．【点评】首先理解问题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的句子，并理解大意，最后仔细斟酌，找出答案．，并核对．