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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（九）专题十八阅读理解第9讲北京朝阳二模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过

阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经

为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优

良差教学目标名师点拨basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的opp.rightexactadj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happe

nv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.WhenNapoleonconquer

ed（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whichspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.（优良差）____________________________________

_____________________________________________________________句意：当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。本句中包含着一个由which引导的定语从句。2.ThisiswhyIndia,Au

straliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricacontinuetodriveontheleft.（优良差）_________________________________

________________________________________________________________句意：这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。本句中

包含着一个由why引导的表语从句。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的

解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放

慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以

便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答

案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四

种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（caus

e）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis

(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归

纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsth

ataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewit

hyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefth

and,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句

Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprise

difyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目

难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhich

ofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态

度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetol

dresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Bu

timportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,

grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinth

elibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebec

amecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousarti

stC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者

谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherind

evelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D

。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagr

aphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近

、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthet

ime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopc

reativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可

以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测

词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthe

passageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theau

thorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题Inthepast,peo

plethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young精析studentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlef

thandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirleft

handtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthel

efthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthep

ast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上

的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Nowadays,______oftheworl

d'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad.（细节理解题）A.around74%B.around65%C.around19%D.around17%2OnRomancoinswecanseepicturesofh

orsemen______.（细节理解题）A.travellingthroughoutEuropeB.passingoneachother'srightC.practicingridinginthecountryD.gettingonthehorsesfromtheright3Whichofthe

followingistrueaccordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Swedenchangedtodriveontherightin1974.B.PeopledriveontheleftsideoftheroadinEgypt.语篇精讲C.Napo

leonhelpedwiththespreadofleft-handdriving.D.Peoplehaveknowntheexactreasonsfordrivingontheleft.4Whatisthewriter'spurposeforwri

tingthispassage?（主旨大意题）A.Toexplaintheadvantagesofthetwowaysofdriving.B.Tocomparethedifferencesofthetwowaysofdriving.C.Tointroduc

ethedevelopmentofthetwowaysofdriving.D.Tocomplainaboutthechangeofthetwowaysofdriving.通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话

题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3407分钟__/4★★★Therearebasicallytwowaysofdrivingintheworld：ifthedriver'sseatisontheleftandcarstravelonther

ightsideoftheroad,itiscalled“left-handdriving”,asitisinChina;Instead,itiscalled“right-handdriving”,asi

tisinBritain.Nowadays,around65%oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad,whiletherestisusedtodrivingontheleft.Thoughnooneknowstheexactreaso

ns,itseemslikelythatpeopleinancienttimestravelledontheleft.Romancoinsshowpicturesofhorsemenpassingoneachother'sright.Andright-handedpeoplegenerall

ygotonahorsefromtheanimal'sleft.Obviously,it'ssafertodothisattheleftsideoftheroad,soitmakessenseforthehorsetober

iddenontheleft.Achangehappenedinthelate1700s.WhenNapoleonconquered（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelonth

erightsideoftheroad,whichspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.However,Britainstillstuckwiththeright-handd

rivingroleandcountrieswhichwerepartoftheBritishEmpireweremadetofollow.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricacon

tinuetodriveontheleft.OneexceptionisEgypt,asthatcountrywasdefeated(打败）byNapoleonbeforebecomingpartoftheBritishEmpire.Somecountrieschangedsides'unt

ilmoderntimes.Swedenonlymovedtodrivingontherightin1967andIcelandchangedthefollowingyear.Ghanachangedsides'in1974.OnSeptember7,2009,Samoabecamet

hethirdcountryevertochangefromleft-toright-handdrivingforthereasonthatitmadeiteasiertoimport(进口）cheapcarsfromright-handdrivingJapan,AustraliaandNewZ

ealand.Soifyouwanttotraveltomothercountryorgoonbusiness,makesureyouknowwhetheritisleft-orright-handdr

ivingtoavoidunnecessarytroubles.逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了左手驱动和右手驱动两种路面驾驶方式，它们的历史及发展。1.Nowadays,______oftheworld'spopula

tiondrivesontherightoftheroad.A.around74%B.around65%C.around19%D.around17%解析：B.细节理解题。根据题干关键词theworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroa

d可将答案锁定在文中第一段中，根据关键句Nowadays,around65%oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad可知在路的右侧驾驶的人口数为65%，故选B。2.OnRomancoinswecanseepicturesofhor

semen______.A.travellingthroughoutEuropeB.passingoneachother'srightC.practicingridinginthecountryD.g

ettingonthehorsesfromtheright解析：B.细节理解题。根据题干关键词可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据段中关键句Romancoinsshowpicturesofhorsemenpassingoneachother'sright.可知正确答案为B.3.Whichoft

hefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Swedenchangedtodriveontherightin1974.B.PeopledriveontheleftsideoftheroadinEgypt.C.Napoleonhel

pedwiththespreadofleft-handdriving.D.Peoplehaveknowntheexactreasonsfordrivingontheleft.解析：C.细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除，A意为“瑞典人在1974年改变为右侧驾驶”，

根据倒数第二段关键句Swedenonlymovedtodrivingontherightin1967可以判定此项错误，排除；B意为“在埃及人们在道路的左侧驾驶”，根据第三段关键句OneexceptionisEgypt“埃及例外”，本句话前面的句子说的是左侧驾驶，埃及例外，可以推断出埃及

应该不是左侧驾驶，故此项错误，排除；C意为“拿破仑帮助了左手驱动的传播”，根据第三段关键句whichspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.可以判定此项正确；D意为“人们已经知道了左侧驾驶的精确原因”，根据

第二段关键句Thoughnooneknowstheexactreasons可以判定此项错误，排除，故本题选C。4.Whatisthewriter'spurposeforwritingthispassage?A.Toexplaintheadvantagesofthetwowaysofdriv

ing.B.Tocomparethedifferencesofthetwowaysofdriving.C.Tointroducethedevelopmentofthetwowaysofdriving.D.Tocompl

ainaboutthechangeofthetwowaysofdriving.解析：C主旨大意题。本题需要我们选择的是文章的写作目的，A意为“解释两种驾驶方式的优点”，文章中没有提到，故排除；B项意为“对比两种驾驶方式的不同”，本项文章有涉及到，但不够全

面；C项意为“介绍两种驾驶方式的发展”，浏览全文会在各段中发现一些时间短语，可判断出此项正确；D项意为“抱怨两种驾驶方式的改变”，文章没有提到这一点，排除故选C。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中

积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.nowadaysadv.populat

ionn.v.开车，驾驶adj.左边的adj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.obviouslyadv.v.发生v.强迫continuev.能力提升v.改变v.变成v.避免troublen.二、句子英汉互译★★1.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。________________

_____________________________.2.原因是你不信任她。______________________________________________.3.WhenNapoleonconque

red（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whichspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.___________________________

___________________.4.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricacontinuetodriveontheleft.___________________

___________________________.5.Thisisthefamilywhichisplanningtomovetothecity.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率

星级日常生活类说明文3237分钟__/4★★★ThemostinterestingthingtoseeinMalaysiaistheever-increasingnumberoffestivalsheldarou

ndthecountry.Madeupoftraditionalculturalcelebrations,religious(宗教的)holidaysandmodernsportingorculturalevents,Malaysi

a’sfestivalsmeanthere’salwaysapartytobefound.Moretraditionalevents,suchasWorldKiteFestival,theMagicoftheNightandtheLanternFestival—ton

amejustafew—allappearinmanycalendarsaroundthenation.Traditionalreligiouscelebrations,suchasChineseNewYearandChristmas,area

lsopopularinMalaysiaandarecelebratedacrossdifferentculturesandbackgrounds.Thegreatesteventoftheyear’scalendarfo

ranyfoodloverwillbetheMalaysiaGourmetFestival,heldthroughoutchosenhotelsinthecapitalcityofKualaLumpur.Oneofthemostpopularo

fthesenewadditionsistheMalaysiaYearEndSale,whichrunsfromNovemberthroughtoearlyJanuary.Allaroundthenationthere’recheapersales.Whenitcomestothec

elebrations,Malaysiansaresomeofthemostgenerous(慷慨的)peopleintheworld.Duringmanyoftheyear’simportantevent

s,Malaysianswillopentheirhomestofriends,familiesandstrangers(includingtourists)inatraditionknownas“RumahTerbuka”or“OpenHouse”.

AttendinganOpenHouseisagreatopportunitytojointheMalaysian,makefriendsandenjoydeliciouslocalfood.ThegovernmentorlocalgroupswillalsosometimesofferanOp

enHouseinalargerplace,suchasabighall.Everyoneiswelcometotakepartinsuchevents,whichhavehelpedcreateapositive(积极的)air.201

5hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMalaysiathannow.Justturnthepagetos

eesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.AndformoreinformationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisitwww.tourism.gov

.my.1.WhatkindoffestivalisWorldKiteFestivalinMalaysia?（细节理解题）A.Atraditionalevent.B.Areligiousholiday.C.Asportingevent.D.Aculturalcelebration.2.Whic

hofthefollowingisthegreatesteventforfoodlovers?（细节理解题）A.TheLanternFestival.B.TheMalaysiaYearEndSale.C.T

heMagicoftheNight.D.TheMalaysiaGourmetFestival.3.Theunderlinedpart“OpenHouse”inthepassagemeans“______”.（词义猜测题）

A.leavingone’sroomdooropenB.keepingashopopendayandnightC.lettingvisitorsstayatone’shomeD.offeringvisitors

freehotelrooms4.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia.B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehisownexper

ience.D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的exact

adj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦二、句

子英汉互译。1.Internetissointeresting,whichmakesallpossiblehappen.2.Thereasonwasthatyoudon’ttrusther.3.当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，

他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。4.这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。5.这是要搬进城里的一家。阅读练习1.A2.D3.C4.AD篇知识篇高频词单词/短

语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差clearlyadv.清晰的actuallyadv.事实上causev.引起，导致considerv.考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请v.invitepoli

teadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期待，预料touchv.触动interruptv.打扰remindv.提醒，使想名师点拨起suggestv.建议，暗示n.suggestion长难句1.Althoughthissentenceisnotveryc

ommoninEnglandanymore,itclearlyshowshowwedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________

________________________________句意：虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。本句话包含了由although引导的让步状语从句，“虽然„”，但要注意although不与

but连用。2.IfIdidn'twantyoutocome,Iwouldn'thaveinvitedyouinthefirstplace!（优良差）_____________________________________________________________________

____________________________句意：如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。本句为由if引导的非真实条件句，这部分知识是高中的语法重点，可以简单了解。3.Thisremindedmeaga

inthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.（优良差）____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____句意：这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。本句包含着一个由which引导的宾语从句做on的宾语。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积

累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上

下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是

带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容

易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义

题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（w

hen）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistru

e/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案

3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetous

etoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythis

experiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotato

eswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswitht

heirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopie

ces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题

着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinf

erredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章

陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelo

pinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“B

utimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.Gray

sonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibr

ary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,beca

usehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introducea

popularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本

题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraS

yalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,beca

usehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短

语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingiscl

osestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜

测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmen

toftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probably

mean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以whi

le之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标

题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlya

bout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌

握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownuponthei

rleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inal

mosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.En

couragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大

意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人

们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Fromth

epassagewecanlearnthat______.（推理判断题）A.it'simpolitetoinvitefriendstocomeroundforteainIndiaB.theBritishpol

itenesscanmakenon-nativespeakersconfusedC.it'sonlyidiomsthatcausedifficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglishD.theBritishareveryopenand

likeinvitingpeopleintotheirhomes2Theunderlinedword“assumed”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.（词义猜测题）A.imaginedB.provedC.regrettedD.explained3Thew

riterprobablyagreesthat.（推理判断题）A.peoplelearningEnglishshouldbedirecttosaywhattheythinkB.differentcultur

esleadtothedifferentrealizationonpolitenessC.itsverynecessarytolearnaboutEnglishidiomstobepoliteD.livin

ginBritainismoredifficultthanitinothercountries通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4067分钟__/3★★★★DoWeSayWhatWeThink?“It'srainingcatsa

nddogs!”AlthoughthissentenceisnotverycommoninEnglandanymore,itclearlyshowshowwedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.Onethingthatoftengivestroubletolanguag

elearnersisthattheyunderstandeverywordinasentencebutthemeaningremainsunclear-likethissentencethatactuallymeans“It'

srainingveryheavily!”.However,it'snotjustidioms（惯用语）thatcause语篇精讲difficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglish.TheBritishareoftenconsideredtobepoliteandk

eeptheirfeelingstothemselves,butthiscanbeveryconfusingfornon-nativespeakers.Weoftendon'tsaywhatwearethinki

ng--infactweoftensaytheopposite!Here'sanexamplethatwillhopefullyexplainwhatImean,“Youshouldcomeround

fortea!”Isthisarealinvitationoristhepersonjustbeingpolite?Generally,Britishpeoplearelessopenthanpeoplefromothercultures,sowearen'tq

uicktoinvitepeopleintoourhomes.Thisphraseisoneofthosethatwesaybutoftendon'treallymean,sowhennofurtherdetails（细节）aregiven,

youcanprobablythinkitwasmadeinthenameofpoliteness!Buthowdoesthiscomparetoothercountries?WhenIlivedinIn

dia,lotsofpeoplewouldinvitemeintotheirhomesbutIalwaysassumedthattheywerejustbeingpolite.Ofcourse,Iwaswrong.Theinvitationswerealwaysfromthebo

ttomofhearts,andtheydidexpectmetovisitthem.Iwasalwayssurprisedbyhowwelcomingpeoplewere.Infact,IthinkIspentmoretimeatotherpeople'shousesthanmy

own!Thissummer,whileworkinginAustria,oneofmyfriendsmademethinkaboutinvitationsagain.Sheinvitedmetojoinherandherboyfriendforamealout.Alth

oughtouchedbytheinvitation,Iimmediatelyhadthethoughtthatshewasjustbeingpolite,soItoldherthatIdidn'twanttointerruptthem.Sherepliedwith,“”Thisrem

indedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.InEngland,weoftenthinkit'spolitetoofferorsuggestsomethingevenifwedon'tactuallywantt

odoit,butinotherculturespeoplearemoredirect.PerhapsifEnglishpeoplejustsaywhattheywerethinking,thingswouldbealoteasier-especiallyforpeop

lefromothercountries!逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的议论文。作者首先提出了“我们说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，然后针对这个问题展开论述，最后得出了礼貌的形式取决于不同的文化这个结论。1.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat__

____.A.it'simpolitetoinvitefriendstocomeroundforteainIndiaB.theBritishpolitenesscanmakenon-nativespea

kersconfusedC.it'sonlyidiomsthatcausedifficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglishD.theBritishareveryopenandlikeinvitin

gpeopleintotheirhomes解析：B推理判断题。A项意为“在印度邀请朋友去家里做客是不礼貌的。”，根据第三段关键句Theinvitationswerealwaysfromthebottomofhearts,andtheydidexpectmeto

visitthem.“邀请是发自心底的，他们确实希望我去拜访他们”，根据此句可知印度人是喜欢邀请人去家里做客的，故错误；B项意为“英国式的礼貌会使非本国人感到困惑”，根据第二段关键句butthiscanbeveryconfusingforno

n-nativespeakers.可以判定此项正确；C项意为“只有惯用语会导致人们学习英语的困难”，根据第一段关键句However,it'snotjustidioms（惯用语）thatcausedifficultiesforp

eoplelearningEnglish.可以判定此项错误；D项意为“英国人非常开放，喜欢邀请人们去家里做客”，根据第二段关键句Generally,Britishpeoplearelessopenthanpeoplefromothercultures可以判定此项错误，故本题

选B。2.Theunderlinedword“assumed”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.A.imaginedB.provedC.regrettedD.explained解析：A词义猜测题。A意为“想象”；B意为“证明”；C意为“后悔”；D

意为“解释”，划线词所在句意为“当我们住在印度的时候，许多人邀请我们去家里做客，但我总是_____他们只是出于礼貌。当然了，我是错的。”，根据句意可以分析出“我们是在想象他们只是出于礼貌”，故选A。3.Thewri

terprobablyagreesthat.A.peoplelearningEnglishshouldbedirecttosaywhattheythinkB.differentculturesleadtothedifferentrealizationonpolitenessC.itsverynec

essarytolearnaboutEnglishidiomstobepoliteD.livinginBritainismoredifficultthanitinothercountries解析：B推理判断题。题干意为“作者可能同意_____。”，本文主要论述的是

“我们所说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，根据文章最后一段关键句Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.可知最后的结论是“礼貌方式取决于不同的文化”，故本题应选B。精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及

词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题推理判断题1、3词义猜测题2主旨大意题基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义adv.清晰的actuallyadv.能力提升v.引起，导致considerv.adj.令人困惑的adj

.相反的n.邀请politeadj.adv.大概，或许expectv.touchv.v.打扰remindv.suggestv.二、句子英汉互译★★1.虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。_____________________

_________________________.2.他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。______________________________________________.3.AlthoughthissentenceisnotverycommoninEnglandanymore,itc

learlyshowshowwedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.______________________________________________.4.IfIdidn'twantyoutocome,Iwouldn'th

aveinvitedyouinthefirstplace!______________________________________________.5.Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe're

in.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4587分钟__/4★★★★Whenyoufirststepoutintothat

bigworld,itcanbealittleworrying,butastimegoesbyandyougetintothenewenvironment,youveryquicklybegintoloveitbecauseeverytravelerlearnscertainles

sons,lessonsaboutthemselves,abouttravel,andabouttheworldingeneral.Youmighthavethoughtyou’dhavetroublewiththela

nguageorthatyou’reterriblewithdirections,orthatyou’reshyaroundnewpeople,orthatyoucan’tdealwithsomeproblems,butonceyouthrowyourselftothedee

pendandhavetosurvive(生存)onyourownintheworld,you’llcometoknowyou’refarbetteratthesethingsthanyoueverrealize.Everyt

imeIgocampingorstayinapoorhoteloreveneatstreetfood,thefeelingisthesameonthatfirstday:sick.Ican’tgetclean.

Therearepeoplemakingnoiseinmyroom.Thisfoodisgoingtomakemeill.Butafteraboutthreedaysofanything—anylevelofdiscomfo

rt—youjustgetusedtoit.Andthenitbecomesfun.Couldn’tfindanywheretohavebreakfastthismorning?Noworries.Stayedupallnightdrinkingandno

wyouhavetocatchabus?It’llallbefine.Seetheabove—it’lltakeaboutthreedaystogetusedtoit.Whatyoumayhaveoncethoughtwasveryunpleasant—showeringinadirtybathr

oom,dryingyourselfwithadirtyhoteltowel,wearingthesameT-shirtfourdays,neverwashingyoursocks—becomesroutine(惯例)onceyou’vebeentravelin

gforacoupleofmonths.Keepclean?It’safirst-worldproblem.First-timetravelersareusuallyworriedaboutsafet

y,butafterawhileyourealizethattheworldisn’touttogetyou,andifyoujusttakeafeweasyprecautions(警觉),theprobabilityishighthatyou’llnevergetst

olenwhileyoutravel.Althoughyoustillmight,sodon’tcarryanythingyoucan’tbeartolose.Thefirstpriceisnevertherightprice.Thisholdstrueforanywherethat

thepriceisn’tstampedontothethingorclearlyshowninsomeway.Whilearguingaboutthepricedoesn’tcomenaturallytosome.

It’ssomethingyouhavetogetusedtoifyoudon’twanttoberippedoffoverandoveragain.Thingsgowrongwhenyoutravel—lotsofthings.T

hetrainislate,themoneyexchangeplaceisclosed,thehotelhaslostyourbooking,andyoucanfeelapaininyourstomachthatmeanslast

night’sstreetfoodwasabadchoice.Butyouhavetobeabletodealwiththeseproblemswhenyoutravel,oryou’llquicklygosilly.1.Whatmakestravelerslovetheirtravel,

accordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Time’sgoingbyB.Lessonsthey’velearnt.C.Theexercisetheytake.D.Thenewenv

ironment.2.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat______.（主旨大意题）A.travelingabroadcausesalotofproblemsB.onemustbebravetotravelintheworldC.we

’rebetterthanwerealizewhentravelingD.nothingcanstopusfromgoingabroad3.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?（细节理

解题）A.Wecangetusedtoadifferentlifestyleinashorttime.B.It’simportanttokeepcleanallthetimewhentraveling.C.First-timetravele

rsareusuallysafeallovertheworld.D.It’snotnecessarytobuythingsduringourtravelabroad.4.Fromthelastparagrap

h,wecaninferthat______.（推理判断题）A.wecanonlydependonluckwhentravelingB.travelingisratherhardworkthanhapp

ytimeC.travelingserviceisnotgoodallovertheworldD.wemustbereadytofaceproblemswhentraveling参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义clearlyadv

.清晰的actuallyadv.事实上causev.引起，导致considerv.考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请politeadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期

待，预料touchv.触动interruptv.打扰remindv.提醒，使想起suggestv.建议，暗示二、句子英汉互译。1.Althoughmycarisveryold,Idon’twanttobuyanewone.2.Althoughhehasalotofmoney,yethei

sstillunhappy.3.虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。4.如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。5.这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。阅读练习1.B2.C3.A4.D