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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（九）专题十八阅读理解第9讲北京朝阳二模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅

读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今

后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学

目标名师点拨basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的opp.rightexactadj.准确的，严密的gen

erallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦长难句（课前检测学生的句型

储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.WhenNapoleonconquered（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whichspreadleft-handdr

ivingthroughoutEurope.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________

________句意：当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。本句中包含着一个由which引导的定语从句。2.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英

国殖民地）inAfricacontinuetodriveontheleft.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________

句意：这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。本句中包含着一个由why引导的表语从句。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的

基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子

，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要

回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是

按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选

择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或

文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这

些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)

„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Th

eyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,try

thisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-hander

scutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.

细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourle

fthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，

根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，

文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefo

llowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenli

nkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildh

ood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecake

s.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstorie

sandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandread

ingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsands

easons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSya

landPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffect

sofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriter

namedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkf

reely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设

题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____

.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentst

obereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunit

iestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.

通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“

跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyab

out_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句

2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young精析studentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmat

es.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmostever

yschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.

Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段

落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和ha

veacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选

项1Nowadays,______oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad.（细节理解题）A.around74%B.around65%C.around19%D.around17%2OnRomancoinswecanseepictu

resofhorsemen______.（细节理解题）A.travellingthroughoutEuropeB.passingoneachother'srightC.practicingridinginthecountryD.gettingonthe

horsesfromtheright3Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Swedenchangedtodriveontherightin1974.B.Peopledriveontheleftsideofthe

roadinEgypt.语篇精讲C.Napoleonhelpedwiththespreadofleft-handdriving.D.Peoplehaveknowntheexactreasonsfordr

ivingontheleft.4Whatisthewriter'spurposeforwritingthispassage?（主旨大意题）A.Toexplaintheadvantagesofthetwowaysofdriving.B.Tocompar

ethedifferencesofthetwowaysofdriving.C.Tointroducethedevelopmentofthetwowaysofdriving.D.Tocomplainaboutth

echangeofthetwowaysofdriving.通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3407分钟__/4★★★Thereare

basicallytwowaysofdrivingintheworld：ifthedriver'sseatisontheleftandcarstravelontherightsideoftheroad,itiscalled“le

ft-handdriving”,asitisinChina;Instead,itiscalled“right-handdriving”,asitisinBritain.Nowadays,around65%oftheworld

'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad,whiletherestisusedtodrivingontheleft.Thoughnooneknowstheexactreasons,itseemslikely

thatpeopleinancienttimestravelledontheleft.Romancoinsshowpicturesofhorsemenpassingoneachother'sright.Andright-handedpeoplegenerallygotonaho

rsefromtheanimal'sleft.Obviously,it'ssafertodothisattheleftsideoftheroad,soitmakessenseforthehorsetoberiddenontheleft.A

changehappenedinthelate1700s.WhenNapoleonconquered（攻占）nations,heforcedthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whichspread

left-handdrivingthroughoutEurope.However,Britainstillstuckwiththeright-handdrivingroleandcountrieswhichwerepartoftheBritishEm

pireweremadetofollow.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricacontinuetodriveontheleft.OneexceptionisEgypt,astha

tcountrywasdefeated(打败）byNapoleonbeforebecomingpartoftheBritishEmpire.Somecountrieschangedsides'until

moderntimes.Swedenonlymovedtodrivingontherightin1967andIcelandchangedthefollowingyear.Ghanachangedsides'in197

4.OnSeptember7,2009,Samoabecamethethirdcountryevertochangefromleft-toright-handdrivingforthereasonthatitmadeiteasiertoimport(进口）cheapca

rsfromright-handdrivingJapan,AustraliaandNewZealand.Soifyouwanttotraveltomothercountryorgoonbusiness,makesureyouknowwhetheritis

left-orright-handdrivingtoavoidunnecessarytroubles.逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了左手驱动和右手驱动两种路面驾驶方式，它们的历史及发展。1.

Nowadays,______oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad.A.around74%B.around65%C.around19%D.around17%解析：B.细节

理解题。根据题干关键词theworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad可将答案锁定在文中第一段中，根据关键句Nowadays,around65%oftheworld'spopulationdrivesontherightoftheroad可知在路的右侧驾驶

的人口数为65%，故选B。2.OnRomancoinswecanseepicturesofhorsemen______.A.travellingthroughoutEuropeB.passingoneachother'srightC.p

racticingridinginthecountryD.gettingonthehorsesfromtheright解析：B.细节理解题。根据题干关键词可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据段中关键句Romancoinsshowpicturesofhorsemenpassingone

achother'sright.可知正确答案为B.3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Swedenchangedtodriveontherightin1974.B.Peopledr

iveontheleftsideoftheroadinEgypt.C.Napoleonhelpedwiththespreadofleft-handdriving.D.Peoplehaveknowntheexactreasonsfordriv

ingontheleft.解析：C.细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除，A意为“瑞典人在1974年改变为右侧驾驶”，根据倒数第二段关键句Swedenonlymovedtodrivingontherightin1967可以判定此项错误，排除；B意为“在埃及人们在道路的左侧驾

驶”，根据第三段关键句OneexceptionisEgypt“埃及例外”，本句话前面的句子说的是左侧驾驶，埃及例外，可以推断出埃及应该不是左侧驾驶，故此项错误，排除；C意为“拿破仑帮助了左手驱动的传播”，根据第三段关键句whichspreadleft-h

anddrivingthroughoutEurope.可以判定此项正确；D意为“人们已经知道了左侧驾驶的精确原因”，根据第二段关键句Thoughnooneknowstheexactreasons可以判定此项错误，排除，故本题选C。4.Whatisthew

riter'spurposeforwritingthispassage?A.Toexplaintheadvantagesofthetwowaysofdriving.B.Tocomparethedifferen

cesofthetwowaysofdriving.C.Tointroducethedevelopmentofthetwowaysofdriving.D.Tocomplainaboutthechangeofthetwowaysofdriving.解析：

C主旨大意题。本题需要我们选择的是文章的写作目的，A意为“解释两种驾驶方式的优点”，文章中没有提到，故排除；B项意为“对比两种驾驶方式的不同”，本项文章有涉及到，但不够全面；C项意为“介绍两种驾驶方式的发展”，浏览全文会在各段中发现一些时间短语，可判断出此

项正确；D项意为“抱怨两种驾驶方式的改变”，文章没有提到这一点，排除故选C。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2

种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.nowadaysadv.populationn.v.开车，驾驶adj.左边的adj.准

确的，严密的generallyadv.obviouslyadv.v.发生v.强迫continuev.能力提升v.改变v.变成v.避免troublen.二、句子英汉互译★★1.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。____

_________________________________________.2.原因是你不信任她。______________________________________________.3.WhenNapoleonconquered（攻占）nations,heforce

dthemtotravelontherightsideoftheroad,whichspreadleft-handdrivingthroughoutEurope._______________________________

_______________.4.ThisiswhyIndia,AustraliaandtheformerBritishcolonies（前英国殖民地）inAfricacontinuetodriveontheleft.________________________

______________________.5.Thisisthefamilywhichisplanningtomovetothecity.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率

星级日常生活类说明文3237分钟__/4★★★ThemostinterestingthingtoseeinMalaysiaistheever-increasingnumberoffestivalsheldaroundthecountry.Ma

deupoftraditionalculturalcelebrations,religious(宗教的)holidaysandmodernsportingorculturalevents,Malaysia’sfestivalsmeanthere’salwaysapartytobefound.Mo

retraditionalevents,suchasWorldKiteFestival,theMagicoftheNightandtheLanternFestival—tonamejustafew—allappearinmanycalendarsaroundthenation.Traditiona

lreligiouscelebrations,suchasChineseNewYearandChristmas,arealsopopularinMalaysiaandarecelebratedacrossdifferentculturesandbackgrounds.Thegreates

teventoftheyear’scalendarforanyfoodloverwillbetheMalaysiaGourmetFestival,heldthroughoutchosenhotelsinth

ecapitalcityofKualaLumpur.OneofthemostpopularofthesenewadditionsistheMalaysiaYearEndSale,whichrunsfromNovemberthroughtoearlyJanu

ary.Allaroundthenationthere’recheapersales.Whenitcomestothecelebrations,Malaysiansaresomeofthemostgenerous(慷慨的)peopleintheworld.Duringm

anyoftheyear’simportantevents,Malaysianswillopentheirhomestofriends,familiesandstrangers(includingtourists)inatraditionknownas“RumahTerbuka”or“O

penHouse”.AttendinganOpenHouseisagreatopportunitytojointheMalaysian,makefriendsandenjoydeliciouslocalfood.Thegovernmentorlocalgroupswillalsosometi

mesofferanOpenHouseinalargerplace,suchasabighall.Everyoneiswelcometotakepartinsuchevents,whichhavehelpedcreateapositive

(积极的)air.2015hasbeendecidedtobetheYearofFestivalsinMalaysia—sothere’sneverbeenabettertimetovisitMalaysiathannow.Jus

tturnthepagetoseesomeoftheimportanteventstakingplaceoverthenext12months.AndformoreinformationontravelingtoMalaysia,pleasevisitwww.tourism.gov

.my.1.WhatkindoffestivalisWorldKiteFestivalinMalaysia?（细节理解题）A.Atraditionalevent.B.Areligiousholiday.C.Asportingeven

t.D.Aculturalcelebration.2.Whichofthefollowingisthegreatesteventforfoodlovers?（细节理解题）A.TheLanternFestival.B.Th

eMalaysiaYearEndSale.C.TheMagicoftheNight.D.TheMalaysiaGourmetFestival.3.Theunderlinedpart“OpenHouse”inthepassagemeans“______”.（词义猜测题）A.lea

vingone’sroomdooropenB.keepingashopopendayandnightC.lettingvisitorsstayatone’shomeD.offeringvisitorsfre

ehotelrooms4.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.ToencourageustovisitMalaysia.B.Toreportsomeinterestingfestivals.C.Tosharehiso

wnexperience.D.Tointroduceaforeigncountry.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的ex

actadj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦二、句子英汉互译。1.Internetissointer

esting,whichmakesallpossiblehappen.2.Thereasonwasthatyoudon’ttrusther.3.当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左

手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。4.这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。5.这是要搬进城里的一家。阅读练习1.A2.D3.C4.AD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差clearlyadv.清晰的actuallyadv.事实上cau

sev.引起，导致considerv.考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请v.invitepoliteadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期待，预料touchv.触动interruptv.

打扰remindv.提醒，使想名师点拨起suggestv.建议，暗示n.suggestion长难句1.AlthoughthissentenceisnotverycommoninEnglandanymore,itclearlyshowshow

wedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但

它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。本句话包含了由although引导的让步状语从句，“虽然„”，但要注意although不与but连用。2.IfIdidn'twantyoutocome,Iwouldn'thavein

vitedyouinthefirstplace!（优良差）_____________________________________________________________________________________________

____句意：如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。本句为由if引导的非真实条件句，这部分知识是高中的语法重点，可以简单了解。3.Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe

'rein.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：这再一次提醒我

礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。本句包含着一个由which引导的宾语从句做on的宾语。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的

基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子

，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步

通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设

计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从

这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（w

hen）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowi

ngis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusew

henwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-hande

rstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopiec

es.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changethe

irtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewit

hyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型

题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetext

that_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实

进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeer

aSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithhern

eighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbor

ed,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittl

emoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespen

thourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheli

ked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwrit

erandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，

动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“

MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。

题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlin

edsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword__

___.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenar

eexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirim

agination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepup

with.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“

（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforth

epassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisar

ticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstr

angetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlef

thandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheir

lefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesi

nopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是

奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft

-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.（推理判断题）A.it'simpolitetoinvitefriendstocomeroundfort

eainIndiaB.theBritishpolitenesscanmakenon-nativespeakersconfusedC.it'sonlyidiomsthatcausedifficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglish

D.theBritishareveryopenandlikeinvitingpeopleintotheirhomes2Theunderlinedword“assumed”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.（词义猜测题）A.imaginedB.provedC

.regrettedD.explained3Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.（推理判断题）A.peoplelearningEnglishshouldbedirecttosaywhattheythinkB.differentculturesl

eadtothedifferentrealizationonpolitenessC.itsverynecessarytolearnaboutEnglishidiomstobepoliteD.livinginBritainismoredifficultthanitinothercoun

tries通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4067分钟__/3★★★★DoWeSayWhatWeThink?“It'srainingcatsanddogs!”AlthoughthissentenceisnotverycommoninE

nglandanymore,itclearlyshowshowwedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.Onethingthatoftengivestroubletolanguagelearnersisthattheyunderstandeverywordinase

ntencebutthemeaningremainsunclear-likethissentencethatactuallymeans“It'srainingveryheavily!”.However,it'snotjustidioms（惯用语）thatcaus

e语篇精讲difficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglish.TheBritishareoftenconsideredtobepoliteandkeeptheirfeelings

tothemselves,butthiscanbeveryconfusingfornon-nativespeakers.Weoftendon'tsaywhatwearethinking--infactweoftensaytheopposite!Here'sanexamplethatwillho

pefullyexplainwhatImean,“Youshouldcomeroundfortea!”Isthisarealinvitationoristhepersonjustbeingpolite?Generally,Britishpeoplearelessopenth

anpeoplefromothercultures,sowearen'tquicktoinvitepeopleintoourhomes.Thisphraseisoneofthosethatwesaybutoftendon'

treallymean,sowhennofurtherdetails（细节）aregiven,youcanprobablythinkitwasmadeinthenameofpoliteness!Buthowdoesthiscomparetoothercountries?WhenIlivedin

India,lotsofpeoplewouldinvitemeintotheirhomesbutIalwaysassumedthattheywerejustbeingpolite.Ofcourse,Iwaswrong.Theinvitationswerealwaysfromthe

bottomofhearts,andtheydidexpectmetovisitthem.Iwasalwayssurprisedbyhowwelcomingpeoplewere.Infact,IthinkIspentmoretimeatotherpeople'sho

usesthanmyown!Thissummer,whileworkinginAustria,oneofmyfriendsmademethinkaboutinvitationsagain.Sheinvitedmetojoinherandherboyfriendforame

alout.Althoughtouchedbytheinvitation,Iimmediatelyhadthethoughtthatshewasjustbeingpolite,soItoldherthatIdidn'twanttointerruptthem.Sherepliedwit

h,“”Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.InEngland,weoftenthinkit'spolitetoofferorsuggestsomethingeven

ifwedon'tactuallywanttodoit,butinotherculturespeoplearemoredirect.PerhapsifEnglishpeoplejustsaywhattheywerethinking,thingswouldbealoteasier-especia

llyforpeoplefromothercountries!逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的议论文。作者首先提出了“我们说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，然后针对这个问题展开论述，最后得出了礼貌的形

式取决于不同的文化这个结论。1.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A.it'simpolitetoinvitefriendstocomeroundforteainIndiaB.theBritishpolitenesscanma

kenon-nativespeakersconfusedC.it'sonlyidiomsthatcausedifficultiesforpeoplelearningEnglishD.theBritishareveryopenandlikeinvitingpeoplei

ntotheirhomes解析：B推理判断题。A项意为“在印度邀请朋友去家里做客是不礼貌的。”，根据第三段关键句Theinvitationswerealwaysfromthebottomofheart

s,andtheydidexpectmetovisitthem.“邀请是发自心底的，他们确实希望我去拜访他们”，根据此句可知印度人是喜欢邀请人去家里做客的，故错误；B项意为“英国式的礼貌会使非本国人感到困惑”，根据第二段关键句butthiscanbeveryconfusingforno

n-nativespeakers.可以判定此项正确；C项意为“只有惯用语会导致人们学习英语的困难”，根据第一段关键句However,it'snotjustidioms（惯用语）thatcausedifficultiesforpeo

plelearningEnglish.可以判定此项错误；D项意为“英国人非常开放，喜欢邀请人们去家里做客”，根据第二段关键句Generally,Britishpeoplearelessopenthanpeoplefromothercultures可以判定此项错误，故本题选B。2.Theunder

linedword“assumed”inparagraph3probablymeans“______”.A.imaginedB.provedC.regrettedD.explained解析：A词义猜测题。A意为“想象”；

B意为“证明”；C意为“后悔”；D意为“解释”，划线词所在句意为“当我们住在印度的时候，许多人邀请我们去家里做客，但我总是_____他们只是出于礼貌。当然了，我是错的。”，根据句意可以分析出“我们是在想象他们只是出于礼貌”，故选A。

3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.peoplelearningEnglishshouldbedirecttosaywhattheythinkB.differentculturesleadtothedifferentrealizati

ononpolitenessC.itsverynecessarytolearnaboutEnglishidiomstobepoliteD.livinginBritainismoredifficultthanitinothercountries解析：B推理判断题。题干意为“作者可能同意_____。”

，本文主要论述的是“我们所说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，根据文章最后一段关键句Thisremindedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.可知最后的结论是“礼貌方式取决于不同的文化”，故本题应选B。精讲

笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题推理判断题1、3词义猜测题2主旨大意题基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义adv.清晰的actuallyadv.能力提升v

.引起，导致considerv.adj.令人困惑的adj.相反的n.邀请politeadj.adv.大概，或许expectv.touchv.v.打扰remindv.suggestv.二、句子英汉互译★★1.虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新

的。______________________________________________.2.他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。______________________________________________.3.Althoughthissentenceisnotve

rycommoninEnglandanymore,itclearlyshowshowwedon'talwayssaywhatwemean.____________________________________

__________.4.IfIdidn'twantyoutocome,Iwouldn'thaveinvitedyouinthefirstplace!______________________________________________.5.Thisremin

dedmeagainthatpolitenessdependsonwhichculturewe'rein.______________________________________________.阅

读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4587分钟__/4★★★★Whenyoufirststepoutintothatbigworld,itcanbealittleworrying,butastimegoesbyandyougetintothenewenvir

onment,youveryquicklybegintoloveitbecauseeverytravelerlearnscertainlessons,lessonsaboutthemselves,abouttravel,andabouttheworldingeneral.Yo

umighthavethoughtyou’dhavetroublewiththelanguageorthatyou’reterriblewithdirections,orthatyou’reshyaroundnewpeople,orthatyoucan

’tdealwithsomeproblems,butonceyouthrowyourselftothedeependandhavetosurvive(生存)onyourownintheworld,you’llcometoknowyou’refarbettera

tthesethingsthanyoueverrealize.EverytimeIgocampingorstayinapoorhoteloreveneatstreetfood,thefeelingisthesameonth

atfirstday:sick.Ican’tgetclean.Therearepeoplemakingnoiseinmyroom.Thisfoodisgoingtomakemeill.Butafteraboutthreedaysofanything—anylevelofd

iscomfort—youjustgetusedtoit.Andthenitbecomesfun.Couldn’tfindanywheretohavebreakfastthismorning?Noworries.Stayedupallnightdrinkingandnowyouhaveto

catchabus?It’llallbefine.Seetheabove—it’lltakeaboutthreedaystogetusedtoit.Whatyoumayhaveoncethoughtwasveryunpleasant—showeringinadirtybathroom,d

ryingyourselfwithadirtyhoteltowel,wearingthesameT-shirtfourdays,neverwashingyoursocks—becomesroutine(惯例)onceyou’vebe

entravelingforacoupleofmonths.Keepclean?It’safirst-worldproblem.First-timetravelersareusuallyworriedaboutsafety,butafterawhi

leyourealizethattheworldisn’touttogetyou,andifyoujusttakeafeweasyprecautions(警觉),theprobabilityishighthatyou’llneverget

stolenwhileyoutravel.Althoughyoustillmight,sodon’tcarryanythingyoucan’tbeartolose.Thefirstpriceisnevertherightprice.Th

isholdstrueforanywherethatthepriceisn’tstampedontothethingorclearlyshowninsomeway.Whilearguingaboutt

hepricedoesn’tcomenaturallytosome.It’ssomethingyouhavetogetusedtoifyoudon’twanttoberippedoffoverandoveragain.

Thingsgowrongwhenyoutravel—lotsofthings.Thetrainislate,themoneyexchangeplaceisclosed,thehotelhaslost

yourbooking,andyoucanfeelapaininyourstomachthatmeanslastnight’sstreetfoodwasabadchoice.Butyouhavetobeabletode

alwiththeseproblemswhenyoutravel,oryou’llquicklygosilly.1.Whatmakestravelerslovetheirtravel,accordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Time’sgoingbyB.Lessonst

hey’velearnt.C.Theexercisetheytake.D.Thenewenvironment.2.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat______.（主旨大意题）A.travelingabroadcaus

esalotofproblemsB.onemustbebravetotravelintheworldC.we’rebetterthanwerealizewhentravelingD.nothingcanstopusfromgoingabro

ad3.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Wecangetusedtoadifferentlifestyleinashorttime.B.It’sim

portanttokeepcleanallthetimewhentraveling.C.First-timetravelersareusuallysafeallovertheworld.D.It’snotnecessarytobuythingsduringo

urtravelabroad.4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat______.（推理判断题）A.wecanonlydependonluckwhentravelingB.travelingisratherhardwo

rkthanhappytimeC.travelingserviceisnotgoodallovertheworldD.wemustbereadytofaceproblemswhentraveling参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义clearlyadv.清晰的actua

llyadv.事实上causev.引起，导致considerv.考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请politeadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期待，预料touchv.触动i

nterruptv.打扰remindv.提醒，使想起suggestv.建议，暗示二、句子英汉互译。1.Althoughmycarisveryold,Idon’twanttobuyanewone.2.Althoughhehasalotofmone

y,yetheisstillunhappy.3.虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。4.如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。5.这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。阅读练习1.B2.C3.A4.D