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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（八）专题十八阅读理解第8讲北京海淀二模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料

的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本

篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学目标名师点拨suggestv.暗示，建议n.suggestionactv.行动，表演，起作用n

.actionconnectv.连接，使„有联系stylishadj.时髦的，流行的appearancen.外貌，外观positiveadj.积极的opp.negativereceivev.收到，接待socialadj.社会的n.

societynolonger不再checkv.检查，核对despiteprep.尽管purposefuladj.有目的的，故意的particularadj.特别的outdooradj.室外，户外的opp.indoorpersonallyadv.亲自地，就个人而言地l长难句（课前

检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.Notonlydoesitshowusthetime,butitalsoactsasafitnessmonitorandamessagingd

evicethatcanbeconnectedwithaniPhone.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：它不仅

为我们展示时间，也扮演着一个健康检测仪和一个能够与iPhone连接的信息装置。本句中包含了初中常见句型“notonly„butalso„”，意为“不仅„而且„”,前面几讲中已经涉及到，此处再次强调，可以用在写作中。2.Thankstotheinventionofthesmartwatch,w

ewillnolongerhavetoreachforourphonestocheckourmessages.（优良差）__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________句意：多亏了这个智能手表的发明，我们将不再必须拿出我们的手机来检查信息了。本句中包含着两个短语：1.thanksto„“由于，多亏”；2.nolonger“不

再”，翻译时要注意。3.Agroupoffriendssittingatatableinarestaurantwilloverlookeachotheraseveryonewillbetoobusywatchingtheirwris

tsinexpectationofanewmessage.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句

意：餐馆里坐在桌子旁的一群朋友将忽视彼此，因为每个人都忙着看手腕，期待着一条新信息的到来。本句为现在分词短语sittingatatable作后置定语修饰agroupoffriends，两者是主动关系。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对

于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开

头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答

问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分

析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理

解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实

的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1

.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,

why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenh

avetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,tryth

isexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifri

ght-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，

直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknif

ewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句

意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferred

fromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfr

oma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidb

oredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsot

riedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.She

keptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbym

akingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingth

echangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfre

ely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamo

usartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和

语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermi

nd.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键

句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要

根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefo

llowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和

生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheir

imagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B

.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以

while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____.

/Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetous

ethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthand

towrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Wha

tisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D

.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为

使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故

选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项语篇精讲1ThankstotheinventionoftheApplewatch,_____.（细节理解题）A.studentsdon’tusecomputersinclassB.mobilephonesdon’t

needtobechargedC.messagescanbecheckedwithoutphonesD.outdooractivitieshavebecomemorepopular2Theunderlinedword"hinder"inParagraph3probablyme

ans“_______”.（词义猜测题）A.makeupB.holdbackC.dependonD.lookafter3Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatthewriter_______.（推理判断题）

A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkind

ofsmartphonesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime4Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?（主旨大意题）A.TheAppleWa

tch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch：AConvenientWay

toExercise?通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4227分钟__/4★★★Forthosewhohaven’theardofit,theApplewatchi

sthelatestinventionfromthecreatorsoftheiPhoneandAppleMac.Asthenamesuggests,thiscreationisadevice（装置）designedtotel

lusthetime.ThisisApple,however,andanApplewatchisneverjustawatch.Notonlydoesitshowusthetime,butitalsoactsasafitnessmonit

orandamessagingdevicethatcanbeconnectedwithaniPhone.Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?WhiletheApplewatchisstylishinappearanc

e,Ican’thelpbutquestioncertainaspects（方面）ofthenewdevice.Isitapositivethingtobeabletoreceivemessagesth

roughawatch,oristhisanotherwayoflettingtechnologyupsetoursociallives?Thankstotheinventionofthesmartwatch,wewilln

olongerhavetoreachforourphonestocheckourmessages.Imaginethepossibleresults.Agroupoffriendssittingatatab

leinarestaurantwilloverlookeachotheraseveryonewillbetoobusywatchingtheirwristsinexpectationofanewmessa

ge.Studentswillhaveawayofcheckingtheirinboxduringschool,despitethefactthatusingmobilephonesisnotallowedinclass.Thelistgoeson.Al

thoughsmartwatchesmaymakecommunicatingthroughtechnologyeasier,itseemsthatusingthemcouldactuallyhinderfacetofacecommunication.Muchlikea

phone,thewatchwouldalsoneedtobecharged（充电）everyday.Thisisyetanotheraspectofthedevicewhichsetsitapartfromany“normal”watch.If,likeme,youstr

ugglewhenrememberingtoputyourphoneoncharge,thisisnotnecessarilyapositivething.Idohavetoagree,however,thewatchhassomeinterestingandp

urposefulfunctions（功能）.Asafitnessmonitor,thedevicecanbeusedtocreateandrecordexerciseactivities.Thiscouldbeofparticularinteresttooutdoorfan

s.WhilethereareseveralexistingAndroidAppsthatcanalreadydothis,IcanseethattheApplewatchwouldbeamoreconvenientwayofexercis

ingwithoutamobilephone.Thequestionremains,however,isthepriceworththebenefits?Whilethereareclearlybothadvantagesandd

isadvantageswhenitcomestoApple’slatestinvention,Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthatsimplytellsmethetime!Whatabo

utyou?Wouldyoubeinterestedinhavingasmartwatch?逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的议论文。通过对Applewatch的描述，来论述这种高科技的发明到底是智能发明还是科技浪费？1.T

hankstotheinventionoftheApplewatch,_____.A.studentsdon’tusecomputersinclassB.mobilephonesdon’tneedtobechargedC.messagescanbecheckedwithoutphone

sD.outdooractivitieshavebecomemorepopular解析：C.细节理解题。根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第三段中，根据段首句Thankstotheinventionofthesmartwatch,wewillnolongerhavetoreachf

orourphonestocheckourmessages.“多亏了这个智能手表的发明，我们将不再必须拿出我们的手机来检查信息了。”，故选C。2.Theunderlinedword"hinder"inParagraph3probablymeans

“_______”.A.makeupB.holdbackC.dependonD.lookafter解析：B.词义猜测题。A意为“编造，组成”；B意为“抑制，阻止”；C意为“依赖，取决于”；D意为“照顾”，划线词所在句意

为“尽管智能手表借助科技手段使交流变得更容易，但看起来使用它们真的_____面对面交流。”，这里要注意although的使用，代表前后为转折关系，所以应该是“虽然使交流变得容易了，但是却抑制了面对面沟通”，故选B。3.Fromthepassage,w

ecanlearnthatthewriter_______.A.worriesaboutthesafetyofthesmartwatchB.thinkshighlyoftheprogressoftechnologyC.introducesthenewestkindofsmartph

onesD.preferssingle-purposewatchesthattellthetime解析：D.推理判断题。本题询问的是作者的观点。根据最后一段关键句Ipersonallylikemysingle-purposewatchthats

implytellsmethetime!“我个人喜欢只告诉我时间的单一目的的手表。”，故选D。4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheAppleWatch：TheLatestInventionB.TheAppleWatch：

SmartandFashionableC.TheAppleWatch：TechnologyGoneTooFar?D.TheAppleWatch：AConvenientWaytoExercise?解析：C.主旨大意题。通篇浏览文章，根据第二

段关键句Isthisasmartinventionortechnologygonetoofar?“这是智能发明还是科技浪费？”可知作者要讨论的主题，以下的文章都是针对这个主题进行描述的，故选C。精讲笔记（

学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1推理判断题3词义猜测题2主旨

大意题4基础过关能力提升一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义v.暗示，建议v.行动，表演，起作用connectv.stylishadj.appearancen.adj.积极的v.收到，接待adj.社会的nolongerv.检查，核对des

piteprep.purposefuladj.particularadj.adj.室外，户外的adv.亲自地，就个人而言地二、句子英汉互译★★1.感谢Bob和他的一家人，我们周末在那里的派对很愉快。_

____________________________________________.2.站在树下的女孩子真的很迷人。______________________________________________.3.Notonlydoesitshowusthetime,butitals

oactsasafitnessmonitorandamessagingdevicethatcanbeconnectedwithaniPhone.______________________________________________.

4.Thankstotheinventionofthesmartwatch,wewillnolongerhavetoreachforourphonestocheckourmessages.______________________________________________.5.Ag

roupoffriendssittingatatableinarestaurantwilloverlookeachotheraseveryonewillbetoobusywatchingtheirwristsinexpec

tationofanewmessage.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4037分钟__/4★★★Beingb

usycanbecomeawayoflife.Ourlivesarealwaysfilledwithemailsandtextmessages.Theymakeusfeelwantedandimportant,butinatiringandemptyway.Beingbu

syhasadangerousallure(诱惑).Ifyouarebusyallthetime,it’shardtositquietlywithyourthoughtsortoreallyfeelwhatyou’refeeling.Whynotlete

verythingbecomeachoice—howwespendtime,whowereplytoandhowmuchorlittlewewrite?Manyofusarebusybecauseourse

lf-worthgoesupwhenpeoplemakedemands(需求)onourtime.Whydon’twefreeourselvesfromneeding,orevenwanting?Whydon’twemakethebestuseofthetim

eandspacetobeproductiveinawaythatitbestservesus?Thatmaybeconsciously(主动地)keepingourselvesnotbusy.Infactmanygreatd

iscoveriesweremadebypeoplewhobuiltwhilespaceintotheirday.Imagineasking“Howareyou?”tooneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleyouknowlikeWarrenBuffet.

I’veneverheardanyoneatthatlevelanswer“busy”thoughmostpeoplebelievetheyare.Whataretheydoingdifferently?First,theyaim

toprojectanimagethatthingsareundercontrol.Second,theyactuallyhavethingsundercontrol.They’vehadexcellentstaff,implemented(实施)thoughtfulp

rocessesandtheyspendtimeonlyoncriticaltasksthatrequiretheirattention.Theymakehigh-levelstrategicdecisionswithalar

geeffect.It’stimetoendthegloryofbeingbusyandspendtimesettingupprocessesthatmakesense,ratherthansimply

workingmorehours.Todothis,youneedtochangeyourwayofthinking.It’scooltosayyou’rebusy,butit’sbettertobebusyhelping

someonecarryastrollerupthesubwaystairsorbusyfinishingabook.Howtofreeusfromthetrendofbeingbusy?Startwithsmallsteps.Foroneday,bemindfulofeveryda

ilyactivity.Considereachthingachoiceanddecideproactively(预先)ifit’snecessaryorsimplyahabityoucangetridof

ordoinhalfthetime.Next,stopsayinghowbusyyouare.Then,figureoutwhatyouwanttoachievewithyourdayandbegindoingit,Putyourtimeandenergyw

hereyouwanttobe.1.Whataremanyofusbusydoingeveryday?（细节理解题）A.Sittingquietlyandthinkactively.B.Meetingpeople’sdemandsonourtime.C.Makinggreatdisco

veries.D.Takinghigh-leveldecisions.2.Whydon’tsuccessfulpeoplelikeWarrenBuffetanswer“busy”?（细节理解题）A.Becausetheyvalueworking

abilitiesandattitude.B.Becausetheyfocusonattractingexcellentworkers.C.Becausetheypaymoreattentiontolearningman

agement.D.Becausetheythinkwellandspendmoretimeoncriticaltasks.3.Thewriterprobablyagreesthatweshould______.（推理判断题）A.st

opconsideringeachthingachoiceB.workmorehourstoachieveourgoalsC.answeremailsandmessagesassoonaspossibleD.bemindfulwherewewantourtimeanden

ergytobe4.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.Toadviseustobefreedfromthetrendofbeingbusy.B.Towarnusaboutthedan

gerofleadingabusylife.C.ToshowuswaystofeelgoodaboutbeingbusyD.Totellushowtofitintothebusymodernlife.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义suggest

v.暗示，建议actv.行动，表演，起作用connectv.连接，使„有联系stylishadj.时髦的，流行的appearancen.外貌，外观positiveadj.积极的receivev.收到，接待socialadj.社会的nolonger不再checkv.检查，核对despiteprep

.尽管purposefuladj.有目的的，故意的particularadj.特别的outdooradj.室外，户外的personallyadv.亲自地，就个人而言地二、句子英汉互译。1.ThankstoBobandhisfamily,wehadagreatpartytherethisweeke

nd.2.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeisreallycharming.3.它不仅为我们展示时间，也扮演着一个健康检测仪和一个能够与iPhone连接的信息装置。4.多亏了这个智能手表的发明，我们将不再必须拿出我们的手机来检查信息了。5.餐馆里坐在桌子旁的一群

朋友将忽视彼此，因为每个人都忙着看手腕，期待着一条新信息的到来。阅读练习1.B2.D3.D4.AD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差rapidnessn.快，迅速adj.rapid名师点拨providev.提供，供给factn.

事实，实情websiten.网站collectionn.收集v.collectremainv.保持，依然producev.产生，生产taskn.任务，工作responsibilityn.责任，职责exp

ensiveadj.昂贵的opp.cheapmakesureof确定，确保lookthrough仔细检查includev.包括，包含changev.改变recordv.记录，记载长难句1.Moststudentstodaydependontherapidnessan

dconvenienceoftheInternettoprovidethefactstheylookfor.（优良差）__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________句意：现在大多数学生依靠网络的快速和便捷去提供给他们所寻找的事实。本句为不定式短语toprovidethefac

tstheylookfor.作目的状语。2.Printedencyclopediasaremoreorlessfreeofmistakes.However,itisexpensivetomakesureofthecorrectness.（优良差）__

_______________________________________________________________________________________________句意：印刷版的百科全书差不多

摒除了错误。然而，确保正确性是很昂贵的。本句涉及到短语moreorless“多多少少，差不多”。3.Morechangesarelikelyforencyclopedias,whetherinprintoronline.（优良差）___

______________________________________________________________________________________________句意：百科全书将会有更多的改变，无论是印刷版的还是在线的。本句涉及到短语whether„or„“

是„还是„”.方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读

理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章

的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把

需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核

实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一

特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthe

followingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，

直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedf

orright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithy

ourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppot

atoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththei

rlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapota

tointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思

维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromt

hetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom

a_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butaw

riternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstod

o,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid

.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamily

withlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthe

library.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecame

creative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafam

ousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意

为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghe

rmind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个

人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinth

elastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothe

word_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrena

reexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangi

vethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giver

iseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“

跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/

Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问

目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图

典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassm

ates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveaccep

tedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyab

out?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全

文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveaccepte

dthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1W

hatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?（段落主旨大意题）A.Thereadersofencyclopedias.B.Thejourneytothelibrary.C.Thehistoryofencyclopedias.D.Thechangetot

helibrary.2TheproblemofonlineencyclopediaWikipediamightbethat_______.（细节理解题）A.theservicescosttoomuchB.newarticlescannotbefoundC.userscannotvis

itthewebsiteD.theinformationhasmistakes3Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.（推理判断题）A.thefuturelookofinformationisunknowntothewor

ldB.olderarticlesonthewebsiteareusuallyeasyandshort语篇精讲C.thefirstencyclopediasweretheworksofmanywritersD.printedit

ionsofencyclopediaschangeinformationfast4Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.Tosuggestreadingprintedencyclopedias.B.Toadv

isepeopletouseonlineencyclopedias.C.Tosellsomeeditionsofencyclopediasonline.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofencyclopedias.通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生

活类说明文4427分钟__/4★★★★CircleofKnowledgeMoststudentstodaydependontherapidnessandconvenienceoftheInternettoprovidethefactstheylookfor.Given

aresearchtask,manystudentsmakeuseofawebsiteknownasWikipedia,whichisavailable（可获得的）toallusersoftheInternet.However,beforethe

introductionoftheInternet,studentsjourneyedtothelibrarytosearchforfacts,figuresandstoriesinahugecollectionofbookskno

wnasencyclopedias（百科全书）.Theword“encyclopedia”,meaning“wholecircleofknowledge”,comesfromtheancientGreeklanguage.Thefirstencyclopediaswereorga

nizedbytopic.Theseearlycollectionsweretheworksofasinglewriter.ThefirstbookofthiskindwaswrittenbyaRoman

,PlinytheElder,nearly2,000yearsago.Pliny’scollectionremainedpopularforalmost1,500years.Producingsuchhugewo

rkswasadifficulttask.Soexpertsbegantoworktogether,sharingresponsibilityforwritingaboutdifferenttopics.T

hefirstsetofbookstousemanyauthorswasAnUniversalDictionaryofArtsandSciencespublishedin1728.Themultiple-authormodelbecamethemostwidelyusedformat.Today

therearemanyencyclopediasindifferentmedia.TheonlineencyclopediaWikipediawasstartedin2001.UserscanvisitthefreewebsiteontheInternet.Butthe

onlineinformationhasmistakes.Usersarewarnedthatnewerarticlesmayhavelargemistakes.Printedencyclopediasaremoreorlessfreeofmistakes.However,itisexpensiv

etomakesureofthecorrectness.Wikipediaistryingtoimproveitscorrectness.Theyemploy（雇用）1,000“factcheckers”tolookthroughthe

websiteandcorrectmistakes.Thewebsitemanagersalsostatethatolderarticlesaremorecompleteandbalanced.EncyclopediaBritannicahasevenmademoves

awayfrombeingasingle-formatbooktoo.Thecompanystartedafreeonlineversion.Thefreearticlesareshort;however,longerarticlesareavailableafteruserspayforthem

.Bothonlineandprinteditions（版本）havedisadvantages.Themistakescanbecorrected,buttheprocesstakestime.Pri

nteditionsareresistant（顽固的）tosuchmistakes.Theyarealsoresistanttosomethingelse:change.Sometimesnewinformationbecom

esavailableafteranencyclopediaisprinted.Publisherscanwaittoincludethenewinformationinthenextedition,butthatmightbeayearormoreaway.Mo

rechangesarelikelyforencyclopedias,whetherinprintoronline.Astimegoesby,theknowledgeofhumankindwillstillneedtoberecorded,sorted,a

ndstored.Thestoryofhowthatinformationwilllookin20,50oreven100yearsisstillunwritten.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文。主要介绍了encyclopedias（百科全书）的发展历

史，印刷版和在线版两种版本及它们的优缺点。1.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thereadersofencyclopedias.B.Thejourneytoth

elibrary.C.Thehistoryofencyclopedias.D.Thechangetothelibrary.解析：C段落主旨大意题。本题问的是第二段的主旨大意，细读第二段，首先发现关键句Thefirstencyclopediaswereorganizedbytopic.“第

一本百科全书是按话题组织的”，其次出现一些短语nearly2,000yearsago“大约2000年之前”，foralmost1,500years.“持续了将近500年”，in1728.“在1728年”等，这些短语都是

表示时间点或段的，所以本段讲的应该是百科全书的历史，故选C。2.TheproblemofonlineencyclopediaWikipediamightbethat_______.A.theservicescosttoomuchB.newarticl

escannotbefoundC.userscannotvisitthewebsiteD.theinformationhasmistakes解析：D细节理解题。本题询问的是在线版百科全书的问题是什么？根据题干可

将答案锁定到文章第三段中，根据关键句Buttheonlineinformationhasmistakes.可知“在线信息有错误”，故选D。3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______

_.A.thefuturelookofinformationisunknowntotheworldB.olderarticlesonthewebsiteareusuallyeasyandshortC.th

efirstencyclopediasweretheworksofmanywritersD.printeditionsofencyclopediaschangeinformationfast解析：A推理判断题。A项意为“对于世界来说对未来

信息的预见是未知的。”，根据最后一段最后一句Thestoryofhowthatinformationwilllookin20,50oreven100yearsisstillunwritten.可判定此项正确；B项意为“网站上更老的文章

经常是简单的，短小的。”，根据第四段关键句Thewebsitemanagersalsostatethatolderarticlesaremorecompleteandbalanced.可以判定此项与原文不符，故错误；C

项意为“第一版百科全书是许多作家的作品”，根据第二段关键句Theseearlycollectionsweretheworksofasinglewriter.可以判定是一个作家完成的，故错误；D项意为“印刷版的百科全书改变信息快”，根据倒数第

二段最后一句butthatmightbeayearormoreaway.可知需要一年时间或更长，所以此项错误，故选A。4.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tosuggestreadingprintedencyclopedias.

B.Toadvisepeopletouseonlineencyclopedias.C.Tosellsomeeditionsofencyclopediasonline.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofencyclopedias.解析：D主旨大意

题。本题询问的是文章的写作目的。A项意为“建议阅读印刷版的百科全书”，B项意为“建议人们用在线版的百科全书”，根据文章可知作者对印刷版和在线的是态度中立的，故排除A、B；C意为“卖一些百科全书的版本”，本项文中没有提到，

故排除；D项意为“介绍百科全书的发展”，浏览全文，可知文章从百科全书的历史，现在及未来进行了阐述，故选D。精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）

细节理解题2推理判断题3词义猜测题主旨大意题1、4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义能力提升rapidnessn.providev.n.事实，实情websiten.collectionn.v.保持，

依然producev.n.任务，工作responsibilityn.adj.昂贵的确定，确保lookthroughincludev.v.改变v.记录，记载二、句子英汉互译★★1.他们已经差不多完成了工作。__________________________________________

____.2.出去还是待在家取决于天气。______________________________________________.3.Moststudentstodaydependontherapidnessandconv

enienceoftheInternettoprovidethefactstheylookfor.______________________________________________.4.Printedencyclopediasar

emoreorlessfreeofmistakes.However,itisexpensivetomakesureofthecorrectness.______________________________________________.5.Morechang

esarelikelyforencyclopedias,whetherinprintoronline.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时

正确率星级科普环保类说明文4417分钟__/4★★★★Allthetimeyouspentmemorizingmultiplicationtables(乘法表)mayhavemadeyouabettermathem

atician,accordingtoanewstudy.AteamofscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,inCalifornia,haveshownhowthebrainreorg

anizesitselfaskidslearnmath.Afteracertainamountoftimespentpracticingmath,kidscanputawaythecalculator(计算器).Theydon’tevenneedtocounton

theirfingers.Theysimplyknowtheanswerstosubtraction(-),addition(+),andmultiplication()facts.Thequickerkidscanrecallbasicmathfacts,theeasieri

tisforthemtosolvemoredifficultmathproblems.TheStanfordUniversityresearchersobserved(观察)thebrainactivityof28students,ages7to9,forthes

tudy.Theytookscansofthestudents’brainsasthestudentssolvedmathcalculationswithoutthehelpofacalculator,penorpaper.Acalc

ulation—threeplusfourequalsseven,forexample—flashedonascreen.Thestudentspushedabuttontosayiftheanswerwasrightorwrong.Thescientistsalsorecordedthe

responsespeed,andwhatpartsofthebrainbecameactiveasthekidspushedthebutton.Theseobservationsshowedaprocesscalledfactretrieval.Ratherthanusingtheirf

ingerstocount,orscrawlingoutequations(列算式)onapieceofpaper,thestudentspulledtheanswersfrommemory.It’sasiftheans

werstobasicsubtraction,addition,andmultiplicationproblemsarekeptinalong-termstoragepartinthebrain.Thestoragepartwasbuiltfro

mrepetition.“Experiencereallydoesmatter,”saidDr.KathyMannKoepekeoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Childrenmakethechangefromcountingtofactretrieval

whentheyare8to9yearsold,thestudysays.Thisisthetimewhenmoststudentsarelearningbasicadditionandsubtraction.Whenkidshavebasicmathfactsmemorize

d,thebrainhasmorefreespacetolearnmoredifficultmath.Thisprocesshasbenefitsforthefuture.Thestudyshowed,askidsgotol

der,theiranswersreliedmoreonmemoryandbecamequickerandmorecorrect.Lessbrainactivitywasinvolvedincounting.Somechildr

enmakethischangequickerthanothers.Scientistshopetousethisresearchtodevelopnewstrategies(策略)tohelpkidslearnmathatalllevels.O

nestrategythestudysuggestsisforstudentstotestthemselvesindifferentorders—solvingfivetimesthreebeforefivetimest

wo,forexample.Mixinguptheorderkeepsthebrainactive.Keepthesetrainingsup,andyoumaybeamathwhizinnotime.1.Inthestudy,ki

dsputawaycalculatorsbecausetheycan______.（细节理解题）A.usecalculatorswellB.scrawloutequationsC.recallbasicmat

hfactsD.countontheirfingers2.Theprocessof“factretrieval”inParagraph4probablymeans______.（词义猜测题）A.pickingout

resultsbyworkingtogetherwiththeirpartners.B.tryingoutwaysofdealingwithproblemsbyattendingtraining.C.findingoutanswersbasedonpractic

ingcarefullyandpatiently.D.workingoutproblemsaccordingtowhattheyhaveremembered.3.Whatcanweknowfromthestudy?（推理判断题）A.kidsneed

topracticeusingcalculatorstokeeptheirbrainsactive.B.Mathlearnersshouldchangetocountingpracticeattheageof8to9.C.Tra

iningbymixinguptheorderofmultiplicationtablescanhelplearnmathbetter.D.lessbrainactivitymaybeinvolvedinsolvingdifficu

ltproblemswhenkidsgetolder.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.MathfromMemory.B.StrategyDevelopment.C.BrainReorganizat

ion.D.TrainingbyRepetition.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义rapidnessn.快，迅速providev.提供，供给factn.事实，实情websiten.网站collecti

onn.收集remainv.保持，依然producev.产生，生产taskn.任务，工作responsibilityn.责任，职责expensiveadj.昂贵的makesureof确定，确保lookthr

ough仔细检查includev.包括，包含changev.改变recordv.记录，记载二、句子英汉互译。1.They’vemoreorlessfinishedtheirhomework.2.Whethergooutorsta

yathomedependsontheweather.3.现在大多数学生依靠网络的快速和便捷去提供给他们所寻找的事实。4.印刷版的百科全书差不多摒除了错误。然而，确保正确性是很昂贵的。5.百科全书将会

有更多的改变，无论是印刷版的还是在线的。阅读练习1.C2.D3.C4.A