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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（五）专题十八阅读理解第5讲北京朝阳一模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理解高

频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良

好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性

词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学目标名师点拨hearof听说comeupwith提出inventv.发明n.inventionconsiderv.考虑spreadv.传播，展开avoidv.避免hitv.打击protectv.保护immediatelyadv.立即，立刻adj.immediates

impleadj.简单的长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsu

chagreatidea.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：当我们感谢

这位来自沃尔沃的工程师时，你也许也想知道他是怎样提出这样一个好主意的。本句中包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，做wonder的宾语。2.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegrea

testinventionsinhistory.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：最后，他发明了三点式安全带，它

被认为是历史上最伟大的发明之一。本句为由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词three-pointseatbelt。3.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyousto

psuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________

句意：如果你突然停车或被另一辆车重击，安全带也能帮助保持你的上身远离车子最坚硬的部位。本句话是由if引导的条件状语从句，翻译时要注意语序。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。

对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结

尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通

篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，

出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题

，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间

（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingsta

tementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who

,etc)…?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.They

oftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ify

ouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawk

ward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwa

rdD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewit

hyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故

选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itca

nbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisp

robablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlink

edwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersabouther

childhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoug

htandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,ana

rtist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksint

helibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetime

withwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.intr

oduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题

技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeera

Syalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思

考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语

境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclose

stinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词

义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthat

itmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”

inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词wh

ile“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题

方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout

the_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼

，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young精析studentsloo

keddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.I

nalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtole

ft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要

首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了

现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选

项1Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.（细节理解题）A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%2NilsBohlininventedth

ethree-pointseatbeltinorderto_________.（细节理解题）A.takeacarjourneyquicklyB.showthankstotheengineerC.keepthepilotssafeinanaccidentD.improvethesaf

etyforpeopleinthecars3Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________.（细节理解题）A.hipsandshouldersaren’ttheolderchildrenandadults’strongestparts语篇精讲

B.seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC.thebodyhasmoretimetoslowdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofseatbeltsD.headandspinalc

ordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath4Thispassageismainlyabout_________.（主旨大意题）A.howseatbeltsaremadeB.howseatb

eltsareusedC.howseatbeltssavelivesD.howseatbeltsdevelopbetter通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建

议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类说明文4027分钟__/4★★★FewofushaveheardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinvention

makesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.Whilefeelin

gthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.Havingworkedasaplanedesignerbefore

,Nilsknewclearlythatthepilotswerewillingtoputonanythingtokeepthemsafeinanaccident,buttohissurprise,mostpeople

inthecarsjustdidn’twanttobeuncomfortableforevenaminute.Toimprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars,hedecidedtofindaperfectsyste

mwhichshouldbesimple,effectiveandconvenient.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsider

edasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.Seatbeltspreventpeopleinthecarsfromseriousinjuryinfiveways.Keeppeopleinside.Peoplewhoarethrownoutfroma

cararefourtimesmorelikelytobekilledthanthosewhostayinside.Protectthestrongestpartsofthebody.Seatbeltsaredesignedtofix

yourbodyatitsstrongestparts.Foranolderchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips(臀部)andshoulders.Spreadoutthefor

ceinanaccident.Seatbeltsspreadtheforceoftheaccidentoverawideareaofthebody.Byputtinglessstressononearea,theycanhelpyouavoidseriousinju

ry.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.Helpthebodytoslowdown,Aquickspeedcausesinjur

y.Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.Protectyourbrainandspinalcord(脊柱).Seat

beltsaredesignedtoprotectthesetwokeyareasofthehumanbody.Headandspinalcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately,buttheycan

causedeath.Therefore,it’sofgreatimportancetoprotecttheseparts.Ittakesonlyafewsecondstobuckleup(系好安全带）onceyougetinthecar

,butthissimpleactioncouldsaveyourlife.Whywouldn’tyou?逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇科普环保类的说明文。主要介绍了three-pointseatbelt

（三点式安全带）的发明者，发明目的及用途。1.Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%解析：D.细节理解题。题干意为“three-point

seatbelt减少了死亡或受伤的几率至少_____。”，根据题干关键短语reducechancesofdeathorinjury可将答案锁定在第一段中，根据第一段中关键句thethree-pointseatb

eltreducesourchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.可以判定正确答案应该为50%。2.NilsBohlininventedthethree-pointseatbeltinorde

rto_________.A.takeacarjourneyquicklyB.showthankstotheengineerC.keepthepilotssafeinanaccidentD.improveth

esafetyforpeopleinthecars解析：D.细节理解题。题干意为“NilsBohlin发明了三点式安全带为了_____?”根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，关键句toimprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars为不定

式表目的，意为“为了提高车里人们的安全”，这正是发明three-pointseatbelt的目的，故选D。3.Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________.A.hipsandshouldersaren

’ttheolderchildrenandadults’strongestpartsB.seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC.thebodyhasmoret

imetoslowdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofseatbeltsD.headandspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath解析：C.细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除。

A项意为“臀部和肩膀不是大孩子和成年人最强壮的部分。”，根据五个方面的第二条中的关键句“Foranolderchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips(臀部)andshoulders.”可以判定此项错误；B项意为“安全带能够保持你的膝盖和

脚远离车子最坚硬的部分。”，根据第三条中的关键句“Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecar”可以判定此项错误；C项意为“事故中在安全带的帮助下身体有更多时间来放慢速度”，根据第四条中的关键句“Withthehel

poftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.”可以判定此项与全文一致，为正确答案；D项意为“头和脊柱伤可能很容易的立即被看到并导致死亡。”，根据第五条关键句“Headandspinalcord

injuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately”可以判定此项是错误的。4.Thispassageismainlyabout_________.A.howseatbeltsaremadeB.howseatbeltsa

reusedC.howseatbeltssavelivesD.howseatbeltsdevelopbetter解析：C主旨大意题。A项意为“安全带是怎样被制作的？”；B项意为“安全带是怎样用的”；C项意为“安全带是怎样拯救生命的？”；D项意为“安全带怎样发展的更好”，根据文章五种方法的详细介绍

可知主要讲的是安全带是怎样拯救生命的，而并没有详细的说安全带的制作方式，用法及发展。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句

）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义hearof能力提升comeupwithv.发明v.考虑spreadv.v.避免v.打击v.保护immediatelyadv.simpleadj.二、句子

英汉互译★★1.商店应存有最畅销的货物。_____________________________________________.2.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那。________________________________________

______.3.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.__________________________________

____________.4.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.____

__________________________________________.5.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsu

ddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3817分钟__/4★★★Whered

idthatnumbercomefrom?ElevenandTwelveThereasonbehindthechangeinnumbernamingisthatelevencomesfromtheGermantermainl

if,whichtranslatesto“oneleft”.Twelvefollowsthesamerule.Itcomesfromtwalif—“twoleft”.Whyteenisusedinstea

dofliffor13through19?Thereissomethingsadlylostinhistory.911forUSEmergency(急救)CallsEarlyphonesdidn’tusephonenumbers—theoperatorhadtoconne

ctyourcallbyhand—andthisledtotheneedforanemergencycode(信号).Butlaterphonenumbersbecamepopular,thatchanged.In1

967,911waschosenasthenationwideemergencycallbecauseitwaseasytorememberandcouldbequicklydialed(拨)ontheph

one.26.2MilesinaMarathon(马拉松)ThestorybeganwithanancientGreeksoldiercarryingmessagefromabattlefield(战场)inMarathontoA

thens.ThemodernmarathonwasbornasaflagshipeventinthefirstOlympicGames,in1896,withadistance(距离)ofabout25miles(40km),aslongasthedistancefro

mMarathontoAthens.Butraceorganizersforthe1908OlympicGamesinLondonwantedtoaddsomethingspecial.TheracebeganatWindsorCastleand

endedatWhiteCityStadium,withrunnersfinishingonlyafterpassingtheroyal(皇室的)box.Thedistancewas26.2miles(42.1km).

Andsince1924thisdistancehasbeenkeptinmarathon.28DaysinFebruaryBeforeusingtheGregoriancalendarthatweusetoday,oneofthefirstRomancalendarshadonly30

4daysandtenmonths(MarchthroughDecember),withsixmonthsof30daysandfourof31days.ThesecondkingofRomeimprovedtheoldcalendar.Headded50daysforJanuar

yandFebruary.Tomakethenewmonthslonger,hetookonedayfromeachofthe30-daymonths,making56daystodividebetweenJanuaryandFeb

ruary(or28dayseach).LaterJanuarywasgivenonemoredaytoaddupto355daysayear,butFebruarystillhad28days.That’sh

owitbecametheshortestmonthanditstayedthatwayeversince.1.Whichlanguagedoelevenandtwelvecomefrom?（细节理解题）

A.English.B.German.C.French.D.Russian.2.Whenwasthenumber911chosenforUSemergencycalls?（细节理解题）A.In1896.B.In1908.C.In1924.D.In1967.3.Themarathond

istancewasmadelongeratLondonOlympicGamesbecause______.（细节理解题）A.theBritishwasalittleweakinmathsB.theBritishdidn’tliketheGreekstoryC.theBri

tishlovedtheroyalfamilyverymuchD.theBritishwantedtomaketheracedifferent4.Howmanydayswerethereineachmonthafterthekingimprovedtheoldcalendar?（

推理判断题）A.28,29or31.B.28,30or31.C.28,29or30.D.29,30or31.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义hearof听说comeupwith提出inventv.发明considerv.

考虑spreadv.传播，展开avoidv.避免hitv.打击protectv.保护immediatelyadv.立即，立刻simpleadj.简单的二、句子英汉互译。1.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosego

odswhichsellbest.2.Ifheruns,hewillgetthereintime.3.当我们感谢这位来自沃尔沃的工程师时，你也许也想知道他是怎样提出这样一个好主意的。4.最后，他发明了三点

式安全带，它被认为是历史上最伟大的发明之一。5.如果你突然停车或被另一辆车重击，安全带也能帮助保持你的上身远离车子最坚硬的部位。阅读练习1.B2.D3.D4.AD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差togetheradv.在一

起passaway去世separatelyadv.分别地amazingadj.令人惊异的missv.错过，思念specialadj.特殊的setaside留出hardlyadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.有意义的opp.meaninglessn.meaningeffectn

.效果，影响comparev.比较，对照opportunityn.机会relationshipn.关系similarlyadv.类似地worthadj.值得的长难句1.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnega

tive(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地）.（优良差）____________________________________________________________

___________________名师点拨__________________句意：不和家人一起吃饭对生理方面及心理方面都有消极的影响。本句要注意两方面内容：1.本句为动名词短语做主语；2.本句涉及重点句型：both…and…“…和…都”，可将这个句型拓展到写作当中。2.Ju

sttheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.（优良差）_________________________

________________________________________________________________________句意：恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。本句为who引导的定语从句，修饰ch

ildren。3.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?（优良差）___________

______________________________________________________________________________________句意：那么我们怎样吃的更好，不止是从营养角度，也是从一个心理的角度

？本句涉及句型“not…but…”，意为“不是…而是…”，同样可以用在写作当中。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我

们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停

留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词

、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号步入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部

题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义

，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、

结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis

(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答

案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople

.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbes

urprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkw

ardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Tak

eaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感

到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格

、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingd

oestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Bor

edomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldre

searchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningt

obakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPer

ry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreading

manybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.

Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriteranda

famousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背

景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsa

idboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为

他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停

留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans__

___.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测

词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.H

owever,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelop

creativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本

题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意

为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarti

cleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethe

lefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.But

thesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandt

owrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinion

sonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrange

tousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonle

ft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题语篇精讲（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（细节理解题）A.MostAmeri

canssharemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones.B.Thewriterlikesgoingouttoeatsandwicheswithfriendsandparents.C.Eatingtogetherwithpa

rentsisabigeventandneedslotsofpreparation.D.Childrenwhodon'teatdinnerwithparentsaremorelikelytobeoverweight.2Theunderlinedpar

t“betruantatschool”probablymeans“________”.（词义猜测题）A.beabsentfromschoolB.bepleasedatschoolC.bepresentatschoolD.bedisappointedinschool3Thewriter

probablyagreesthat________.（推理判断题）A.eatingtogetherdoesn’thavegoodeffectsonadultsB.it’simportantfortheyoungtoeattogetherwithp

arentsC.it’stotallyworthspendingmuchmoneyineatingtogetherD.peoplewhoeattogetheroftenarelikelytohaveproblems

通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4377分钟__/3★★★★EatingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNew

Zealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.MyfatherandIbeganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfr

iendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afewweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforuniversity,myfatherwalkeddo

wnstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmotherwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswema

deweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Buttherewassomethingspecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.

Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays：anexcusetotalk,tothinkabouttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittle

ofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,Americanshardlyeattogetheranymore.Infact,mo

stAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.It’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewit

htheirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyand

psychologically(心理上地）.Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleasttwiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeover

weightcomparedtothosewhodo.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite,c

hildrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirpa

rentsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUniversity.T

henhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanopportuni

tytogetawaywithstress,achancetocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettersha

pe,andbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogetheralsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsandsure

lyrelationshipsbetweenadultscansimilarlybenefit.Sotryeatingtogether,andyou’llfindit’stotallyworthit.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生

活类的议论文。文章针对要不要和家人一起吃饭这个问题展开了论述，最后得出结论和家人一起吃饭对我的生理和心理都是有益的。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.MostAmericanssharemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones.B.Thewriterlikesgoingouttoeatsandwicheswithfriendsa

ndparents.C.Eatingtogetherwithparentsisabigeventandneedslotsofpreparation.D.Childrenwhodon'teatdinnerw

ithparentsaremorelikelytobeoverweight.解析：D细节理解题。题干意为“根据文章，下面哪一项是正确的？”，本题需要逐项排除。A项意为“大多数美国人和他们爱的人一起分享有意义的时刻。”根据关键词sharemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedone

s可以锁定文章第三段，根据关键句somanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones可知美国人错过了这些有意义的时刻，故此项错误；B项意为“作者喜欢和朋友、父母一起出去吃三明治”，根据关键词可锁定文章第一段，

根据关键句Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.，可知是在电脑前吃三明治，而且没有父母，故此项错误；C项意为“和父母一起吃饭

是一件大事而且需要很多准备”，根据第二段关键句Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus可知“和父母一起吃饭不需要许多准备”，故此项错误；D项意为“不和父母一起吃

晚饭的孩子更容易超重”，根据第四段第一句话可以判定此项正确。，故本题选D。2.Theunderlinedpart“betruantatschool”probablymeans“________”.A.beabsentfromsc

hoolB.bepleasedatschoolC.bepresentatschoolD.bedisappointedinschool解析：A词义猜测题。浏览划线短语的前后句，可以发现短语Justtheopposite，意为“恰恰相反”

，故划线短语所在句与后句所要表达的意思应该是相反的，后句意为“恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。”，所以划线短语所在句表达的应该是“不和父母一起吃饭的孩子容易逃学”，A项

意为“逃学”，B项意为“在学校很高兴”，C项意为“上学”，D项意为“在学校感到失望”，故选A。3.ThewriterprobablyagreesthatA.eatingtogetherdoesn’thavegoodeffectsonadul

tsB.it’simportantfortheyoungtoeattogetherwithparentsC.it’stotallyworthspendingmuchmoneyineatingtogetherD.peoplewhoeattogetheroftenarelikel

ytohaveproblems解析：B主旨大意题。A项意为“和父母一起吃饭对成年人没有好的影响”；B项意为“对于年轻人来说和父母一起吃饭是重要的”；C项意为“花费很多钱在和父母一起吃饭上是非常值得的。”；D项意为“经常和

父母一起吃饭的人更容易有问题。”，选择文章主旨首先要浏览文章首尾段，根据尾段Sotryeatingtogether,andyou’llfindit’stotallyworthit.可知“和家人一起吃饭是非常值得的。”，可知文章对和家人一起吃饭这件事上是保持积极态度，

故排除A和D；有因为文章没有提到钱的问题，故排除C，本题选B。精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1推理判断题词义猜测题2主旨大意题3基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义togeth

eradv.passaway能力提升separatelyadv.adj.令人惊异的v.错过，思念adj.特殊的setasideadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.n.效果，影响comparev.opportunityn.relatio

nshipn.similarlyadv.adj.值得的二、句子英汉互译★★1.这顿饭不是为了一个人的，而是供大家享用的。______________________________________________.2.昨天在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩正站在那边。___________

___________________________________.3.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically

(心理上地）.______________________________________________.4.Justtheopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoreda

ysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.______________________________________________.5.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfroman

utritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类议

论文4717分钟__/4★★★★“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein”sayssciencewriterMattRidley,“anditwillkeepongettingbetter.”ReadontoseehowRidleymake

shiscase.Rightorwrong?Youdecide.Comparedwith50yearsago,whenIwasjustfouryearsold,peoplenowmakenearlythreetimesasmuchmoney,eatonethirdmorefo

odandexpecttoliveonethirdlonger.Infact,it’shardtofindanyareasoftheworldthat’sworseoffnowthanitwasthen,eventhoughtheworldpopulationh

asmorethandoubledoverthatperiod.Onereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourm

ostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrownmuchcheaper.Takeoneexample:In1800,acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inth

e1880s,thesamelightfromalamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950,itwaseightseconds.Today,it’shalfasecond.Intheseterms,weare43,200timesbe

tteroffthanin1800.IntheUnitedStates,rivers,lakes,seasandairaregettingcleanerallthetime.Acartodayproduceslesspollutio

ntravelingatfullspeedthanaparkedcardidfromleaks(泄漏)in1970.Althoughtheworldpopulationisgrowing,therate(率)ofincreasehasbeenfallingfo

r50years.Acrosstheworld,nationalbirthratesarelowernowthanin1960,andinthelessdevelopedworld,thebirthratehasalmosthalved.Accordingtoares

earchreportfromtheUnitedNations,populationwillstartfallingonceitreaches9.2billionin2075.Afterall,therearealr

eadysevenbillionpeopleonearth,andtheyareeatingbetterandbetter.In1970s,therewere550billionbarrels(桶)ofoilreserves

(储存)intheworld,andinthe20yearsthatfollowedtheworldusedup600billion.Soby1990,reservesshouldhavebeenoverusedby50billionbarrels.Instead,itisreporte

dthereare900billiontoday.Theywilllastformanyyearsandpeoplewillfindsomethinginplaceofoillongbeforetheyrunout.Themorewedevelop,themorewecandev

elop.Themoreweinvent,themoreinventionsbecomepossible.For200years,pessimists(peoplewhobelievethatterriblethingswillhappeninfuture)havehadalltheheadl

ines—eventhoughoptimistshavefarmoreoftenbeenright.Therearesomereasonsforpessimists.Nocharity(慈善机构)everraisedmoneyby

sayingthingsaregettingbetter.Nojournalistevergotthefrontpagewritingastoryabouthowterriblethingswon’thappen.Don’tbeapessimist—daretobe

anoptimist!1.Today,providingonehour’slightcosts______.（细节理解题）A.6hours’workB.15minutes’workC.8seconds’workD.0.5s

econd’swork2.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Thingsweusedtoneedweremuchcheaperthantheyaretoday.B.

Thepollutiontodayismuchmoreseriousthanitwaslongago.C.Populationproblemhasnearlymadetheworldstopdeveloping.D.It’

snotnecessarytobeworriedaboutoilreservesintheworld.3.Whatdoestheword“optimists”inthelastparagraphmean?（词义猜测题）A.Peoplewhoarebravee

noughtofaceanythingterrible.B.Peoplewhocanalwaystellgoodthingsfrombadones.C.Peoplewhohavehopefulandhappyfeelin

gsaboutlife.D.Peoplewhodon’teasilybelievewhatthey’retoldabout.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforth

epassage?（主旨大意题）A.NeverGiveUpB.CheerUpC.Don’tBeSadD.ThinkOut参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义togetheradv.在一起passaway去世separatelyadv.分

别地amazingadj.令人惊异的missv.错过，思念specialadj.特殊的setaside留出hardlyadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.有意义的effectn.效果，影响comparev.比较，对照opportunityn.机会relationshipn.关系si

milarlyadv.类似地worthadj.值得的二、句子英汉互译。1.Themealisnotforone,butformanytoenjoy.2.Thegirlwhosangonthestageyesterdayisstandingoverthere.3.不一起吃饭对生理方面及

心理方面都有消极的影响。4.恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。5.那么我们怎样吃的更好，不止是从营养角度，也是从一个心理的角度？阅读练习1.D2.D3.C4.B