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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（五）专题十八阅读理解第5讲北京朝阳一模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读

理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你

梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学目标名师点拨hearof听说comeupwith提出inventv.发

明n.inventionconsiderv.考虑spreadv.传播，展开avoidv.避免hitv.打击protectv.保护immediatelyadv.立即，立刻adj.immediatesimpleadj.简单的长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊

翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.（优良差）__________________

_______________________________________________________________________________句意：当我们感谢这位来自沃尔沃的工程师时，你也许也想知道他是怎样提出这样一个好主意的。本句中包含了一个由how引导的宾语从句，做wonde

r的宾语。2.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.（优良

差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：最后，他发明了三点式安全

带，它被认为是历史上最伟大的发明之一。本句为由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词three-pointseatbelt。3.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyor

arehitbyanothercar.（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：如果你

突然停车或被另一辆车重击，安全带也能帮助保持你的上身远离车子最坚硬的部位。本句话是由if引导的条件状语从句，翻译时要注意语序。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助

我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每

段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题

时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分

析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是

否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理

解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect

）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)menti

oned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?Abou

t8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouar

erighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-hande

rscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，

确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyour

lefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。

如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事

的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollo

wingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的

意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersabouthe

rchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobake

cakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.Grays

onPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinth

elibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfille

duphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.st

ressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredo

mondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awritern

amedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极

，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不

停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingiscloses

tinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpec

tedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethe

mopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过

同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C

意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thef

irstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____

.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young精析studentslooke

ddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsa

ndteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.Wh

atisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-han

ders.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和

haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项

中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.（细节理解题）A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%

2NilsBohlininventedthethree-pointseatbeltinorderto_________.（细节理解题）A.takeacarjourneyquicklyB.showthankstotheengineerC.keepthepilotssafeinanaccident

D.improvethesafetyforpeopleinthecars3Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________.（细节理解题）A.hipsandshouldersaren’ttheolderchildrenandadults’strongestparts语篇精讲

B.seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC.thebodyhasmoretimetoslowdowninanaccident

withthehelpofseatbeltsD.headandspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath4Thispassage

ismainlyabout_________.（主旨大意题）A.howseatbeltsaremadeB.howseatbeltsareusedC.howseatbeltssavelivesD.howsea

tbeltsdevelopbetter通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类说明文4027分钟__/4★★★Fewofushaveh

eardofNilsBohlin,butwheneverwetakeacarjourneyhisinventionmakesussafer.Foundinalmosteverymodemcar,thethree-pointseatbeltreducesourchanc

esofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.WhilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatid

ea.Havingworkedasaplanedesignerbefore,Nilsknewclearlythatthepilotswerewillingtoputonanythingtokeepthemsa

feinanaccident,buttohissurprise,mostpeopleinthecarsjustdidn’twanttobeuncomfortableforevenaminute.Toimprovethesafetyforpeoplein

thecars,hedecidedtofindaperfectsystemwhichshouldbesimple,effectiveandconvenient.Intheend,heinventedthethre

e-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory.Seatbeltspreventpeopleintheca

rsfromseriousinjuryinfiveways.Keeppeopleinside.Peoplewhoarethrownoutfromacararefourtimesmorelikelytob

ekilledthanthosewhostayinside.Protectthestrongestpartsofthebody.Seatbeltsaredesignedtofixyourbodyatitsstrongestparts.Foranold

erchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips(臀部)andshoulders.Spreadouttheforceinanaccident.Seatbeltsspreadtheforceoftheaccidentoverawid

eareaofthebody.Byputtinglessstressononearea,theycanhelpyouavoidseriousinjury.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarify

oustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanothercar.Helpthebodytoslowdown,Aquickspeedcausesinjury.Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanh

avemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.Protectyourbrainandspinalcord(脊柱).Seatbeltsaredesignedtoprotectthesetwokeyareasofthehumanbody.Headandspina

lcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately,buttheycancausedeath.Therefore,it’sofgreatimportancetoprotecttheseparts.Ittakeso

nlyafewsecondstobuckleup(系好安全带）onceyougetinthecar,butthissimpleactioncouldsaveyourlife.Whywouldn’tyou?逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇科普环保类的说明文。主要介绍了three-poin

tseatbelt（三点式安全带）的发明者，发明目的及用途。1.Three-pointseatbeltsreducechancesofdeathorinjurybyatleast_________.A.10%B.30%C.40%D.50%解析：D.细节理解题。题干意

为“three-pointseatbelt减少了死亡或受伤的几率至少_____。”，根据题干关键短语reducechancesofdeathorinjury可将答案锁定在第一段中，根据第一段中关键句thethree-pointseatbeltredu

cesourchancesofdeathorinjury(伤害）byatleast50%.可以判定正确答案应该为50%。2.NilsBohlininventedthethree-pointseatbeltinorderto_________.A.takeacarjou

rneyquicklyB.showthankstotheengineerC.keepthepilotssafeinanaccidentD.improvethesafetyforpeopleinthecars解析：D.细节理解题。题干意为“NilsBohlin发明了三点式安全带为了_____?”根据

题干可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，关键句toimprovethesafetyforpeopleinthecars为不定式表目的，意为“为了提高车里人们的安全”，这正是发明three-pointseatbel

t的目的，故选D。3.Fromthepassagewecanlearn_________.A.hipsandshouldersaren’ttheolderchildrenandadults’strongestpartsB.

seatbeltscankeepyourkneesandfeetawayfromthehardpartsofthecarC.thebodyhasmoretimetoslowdowninanaccidentwiththehelpofseatbeltsD.head

andspinalcordinjuriesmightbeeasytoseeimmediatelyandcausedeath解析：C.细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除。A项意为“臀部和肩膀不是大孩子和成年人最强壮的

部分。”，根据五个方面的第二条中的关键句“Foranolderchildandadult,thesepartsarethehips(臀部)andshoulders.”可以判定此项错误；B项意为“安全带能够保持你的膝盖和脚远离车子最坚硬的部分。”，根据第三

条中的关键句“Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecar”可以判定此项错误；C项意为“事故中在安全带的帮助下身体有更多时间来放

慢速度”，根据第四条中的关键句“Withthehelpoftheseatbelts,yourbodycanhavemoretimetoslowdowninanaccident.”可以判定此项与全文一致，为正确答案；D项意为“头和脊柱伤可能很容易

的立即被看到并导致死亡。”，根据第五条关键句“Headandspinalcordinjuriesmaybehardtoseeimmediately”可以判定此项是错误的。4.Thispassageismainlyabou

t_________.A.howseatbeltsaremadeB.howseatbeltsareusedC.howseatbeltssavelivesD.howseatbeltsdevelopbetter解析：C主旨大意题。A项意为“

安全带是怎样被制作的？”；B项意为“安全带是怎样用的”；C项意为“安全带是怎样拯救生命的？”；D项意为“安全带怎样发展的更好”，根据文章五种方法的详细介绍可知主要讲的是安全带是怎样拯救生命的，而并没有详细的说安全带的制作方式，用法及发展。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积

累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题4基础过关一、

词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义hearof能力提升comeupwithv.发明v.考虑spreadv.v.避免v.打击v.保护immediatelyadv.simpleadj.二、句子英汉互译★★1.商店应存有最畅销的货物。______

_______________________________________.2.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那。______________________________________________.3.Wh

ilefeelingthankfultothisengineerfromVolvo,youmayalsowonderhowhecameupwithsuchagreatidea.________________________________________

______.4.Intheend,heinventedthethree-pointseatbelt,whichhasbeenconsideredasoneofthegreatestinventionsinhistory._________________________

_____________________.5.Seatbeltsalsohelpkeepyourupperbodyawayfromthehardpartsofthecarifyoustopsuddenlyorarehitbyanotherca

r.______________________________________________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3817分钟__/4★★★Wheredidthatnumbercomefrom?ElevenandTwelveThereasonb

ehindthechangeinnumbernamingisthatelevencomesfromtheGermantermainlif,whichtranslatesto“oneleft”.Twelvefollowsthesamerule.Itcomesfromtwalif—“twoleft

”.Whyteenisusedinsteadofliffor13through19?Thereissomethingsadlylostinhistory.911forUSEmergency(急救)CallsEarlyphonesdidn’tusephonenu

mbers—theoperatorhadtoconnectyourcallbyhand—andthisledtotheneedforanemergencycode(信号).Butlaterphonenumbersbecamepopular,thatchan

ged.In1967,911waschosenasthenationwideemergencycallbecauseitwaseasytorememberandcouldbequicklydialed(拨)onthephone.26.2MilesinaMarathon(马拉松)Th

estorybeganwithanancientGreeksoldiercarryingmessagefromabattlefield(战场)inMarathontoAthens.Themodernmarathonw

asbornasaflagshipeventinthefirstOlympicGames,in1896,withadistance(距离)ofabout25miles(40km),aslongasthedistancefromMarathontoAthens.Butr

aceorganizersforthe1908OlympicGamesinLondonwantedtoaddsomethingspecial.TheracebeganatWindsorCastleandendedatWhiteCityStadium,withrunne

rsfinishingonlyafterpassingtheroyal(皇室的)box.Thedistancewas26.2miles(42.1km).Andsince1924thisdistancehasbeenkeptinm

arathon.28DaysinFebruaryBeforeusingtheGregoriancalendarthatweusetoday,oneofthefirstRomancalendarshadonly

304daysandtenmonths(MarchthroughDecember),withsixmonthsof30daysandfourof31days.ThesecondkingofRomeimprovedtheoldcalendar

.Headded50daysforJanuaryandFebruary.Tomakethenewmonthslonger,hetookonedayfromeachofthe30-daymonths,making56daystodividebetweenJanuaryandFebruary

(or28dayseach).LaterJanuarywasgivenonemoredaytoaddupto355daysayear,butFebruarystillhad28days.That’showitbecametheshortestmonthanditstayedth

atwayeversince.1.Whichlanguagedoelevenandtwelvecomefrom?（细节理解题）A.English.B.German.C.French.D.Russian.2.Whenwasthenumber9

11chosenforUSemergencycalls?（细节理解题）A.In1896.B.In1908.C.In1924.D.In1967.3.ThemarathondistancewasmadelongeratLondonOlympicGamesbecause______.（细节

理解题）A.theBritishwasalittleweakinmathsB.theBritishdidn’tliketheGreekstoryC.theBritishlovedtheroyalfamilyverymuchD.theBritishwantedtom

aketheracedifferent4.Howmanydayswerethereineachmonthafterthekingimprovedtheoldcalendar?（推理判断题）A.28,29

or31.B.28,30or31.C.28,29or30.D.29,30or31.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义hearof听说comeupwith提出inventv.发明considerv

.考虑spreadv.传播，展开avoidv.避免hitv.打击protectv.保护immediatelyadv.立即，立刻simpleadj.简单的二、句子英汉互译。1.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichse

llbest.2.Ifheruns,hewillgetthereintime.3.当我们感谢这位来自沃尔沃的工程师时，你也许也想知道他是怎样提出这样一个好主意的。4.最后，他发明了三点式安全带，它被认为是历史上最伟大的发明之一。5.如果你突然停车或被另一辆车重击，安全带也能帮助保持你的上

身远离车子最坚硬的部位。阅读练习1.B2.D3.D4.AD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差togetheradv.在一起passaway去世separatelyadv.分别地amazingadj.令人惊异的missv.错过，思念specialadj.特殊的s

etaside留出hardlyadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.有意义的opp.meaninglessn.meaningeffectn.效果，影响comparev.比较，对照opportunityn.机会relationshipn.关系similarlyadv

.类似地worthadj.值得的长难句1.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理

上地）.（优良差）_______________________________________________________________________________名师点拨___________

_______句意：不和家人一起吃饭对生理方面及心理方面都有消极的影响。本句要注意两方面内容：1.本句为动名词短语做主语；2.本句涉及重点句型：both…and…“…和…都”，可将这个句型拓展到写作当中。2.Justtheopposite,children

whodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.（优良差）_________________________________________

________________________________________________________句意：恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。本句为w

ho引导的定语从句，修饰children。3.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicalon

easwell?（优良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：那么我们怎样吃的更好，不止是从营养角度，也是从一个心理的角度？

本句涉及句型“not…but…”，意为“不是…而是…”，同样可以用在写作当中。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们

争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速

度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任

何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号步入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答

案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，

设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（wher

e）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?

2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析

Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesig

nedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:T

akeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththe

irlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswit

htheirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces

.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根

据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknow

that_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过

文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawrit

ernamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbor

s.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillin

ghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpictu

resforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduph

isfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.st

ressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopi

ngcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaid

boredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为

“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的

词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingiscl

osestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Chi

ldrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcang

ivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题

技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测

词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopico

fthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyab

out_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断

作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereeven

punishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentsca

nusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-hande

rsC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，

but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们

接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选D。浏览问题语篇精讲（抓住题干及选项中的关键

词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（细节理解题）A.MostAmericanssharemeaningful

timewiththeirlovedones.B.Thewriterlikesgoingouttoeatsandwicheswithfriendsandparents.C.Eatingtogetherwithparentsisabigeventandneedslotsofpreparati

on.D.Childrenwhodon'teatdinnerwithparentsaremorelikelytobeoverweight.2Theunderlinedpart“betruantatschool”probablymeans

“________”.（词义猜测题）A.beabsentfromschoolB.bepleasedatschoolC.bepresentatschoolD.bedisappointedinschool3Thewriterprobablyagree

sthat________.（推理判断题）A.eatingtogetherdoesn’thavegoodeffectsonadultsB.it’simportantfortheyoungtoeattogetherwithparentsC.it’stotallyw

orthspendingmuchmoneyineatingtogetherD.peoplewhoeattogetheroftenarelikelytohaveproblems通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类议论文4377分钟__/3★★★★Ea

tingTogetherAftermymotherpassedawayandmybrotherwenttostudyinNewZealand,thefirstthingthatreallyfeltdifferentwasthedinnertable.Myfath

erandIbeganeatingseparately.Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofourcomputers.Then,afewweeksbeforeIwassettoleaveforun

iversity,myfatherwalkeddownstairs.“Youknow,Ithinkweshouldstarteatingtogetherevenifit’sjustyouandme,”hesaid.“Yourmothe

rwouldhavewantedthat.”Itwasn’tperfect—themealswemadeweren’tamazingandwemissedMomandmybrother.Butther

ewassomethingspecialaboutsettingasidetimetobewithmyfather.Itwasacomfortablemomenttogetawayfrombusydays：anexcuseto

talk,tothinkabouttheday,andrecentevents.Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneededverylittleofus—andyetitwassurelyoneofthehappiestpartsofmyday.Sadly,

Americanshardlyeattogetheranymore.Infact,mostAmericanfamiliesreporteatingasinglemealtogetherlessthanfivedaysaweek.I

t’sapitythatsomanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones,andit’sevenmorethanthat.Noteating

togetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地）.Childrenwhodonoteatdinnerwiththeirparentsatleastt

wiceaweekwere40%morelikelytobeoverweightcomparedtothosewhodo.Andstudentswhodonoteatwiththeirparentsaremorelikelytobetruantatschool.Justtheopposite

,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason.Theyalsoreportbeingcloserwiththeirparen

tsthanchildrenwhoeatdinnerwiththeirparentslessoften,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheNationalCenteratColumbiaUni

versity.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?Perhapsseeingeatingtogetherasanoppor

tunitytogetawaywithstress,achancetocatchupwiththosewhomwelovecouldhelpourchildrendobetterinschool,getinbettershape,an

dbelesslikelytohaveproblems.Eatingtogetheralsoleadschildrentoreportbetterrelationshipswiththeirparentsandsurelyrelat

ionshipsbetweenadultscansimilarlybenefit.Sotryeatingtogether,andyou’llfindit’stotallyworthit.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的议论文。文章针对要不要和家人一起吃饭这个问题展开了

论述，最后得出结论和家人一起吃饭对我的生理和心理都是有益的。1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.MostAmericanssharemeaningfultimewithth

eirlovedones.B.Thewriterlikesgoingouttoeatsandwicheswithfriendsandparents.C.Eatingtogetherwithparentsisabigeventandneedslotsofpre

paration.D.Childrenwhodon'teatdinnerwithparentsaremorelikelytobeoverweight.解析：D细节理解题。题干意为“根据文章，下面哪一项是正确的？”，本题需要逐项排除。A项意为“大多数美国人和他们爱的

人一起分享有意义的时刻。”根据关键词sharemeaningfultimewiththeirlovedones可以锁定文章第三段，根据关键句somanyAmericansaremissingoutonthemeaningfultimewiththeirlo

vedones可知美国人错过了这些有意义的时刻，故此项错误；B项意为“作者喜欢和朋友、父母一起出去吃三明治”，根据关键词可锁定文章第一段，根据关键句Wewentouttodinnerswithourfriendsorjustatesandwichesinfrontofou

rcomputers.，可知是在电脑前吃三明治，而且没有父母，故此项错误；C项意为“和父母一起吃饭是一件大事而且需要很多准备”，根据第二段关键句Eatingtogetherwasasmallact,anditneed

edverylittleofus可知“和父母一起吃饭不需要许多准备”，故此项错误；D项意为“不和父母一起吃晚饭的孩子更容易超重”，根据第四段第一句话可以判定此项正确。，故本题选D。2.Theunderlinedpart“be

truantatschool”probablymeans“________”.A.beabsentfromschoolB.bepleasedatschoolC.bepresentatschoolD.bedisap

pointedinschool解析：A词义猜测题。浏览划线短语的前后句，可以发现短语Justtheopposite，意为“恰恰相反”，故划线短语所在句与后句所要表达的意思应该是相反的，后句意为“恰恰相反，每周和父

母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。”，所以划线短语所在句表达的应该是“不和父母一起吃饭的孩子容易逃学”，A项意为“逃学”，B项意为“在学校很高兴”，C项意为“上学”，D项意为“在学校感到失望”，故选A。3.Thewriterprobabl

yagreesthatA.eatingtogetherdoesn’thavegoodeffectsonadultsB.it’simportantfortheyoungtoeattogetherwithparentsC.i

t’stotallyworthspendingmuchmoneyineatingtogetherD.peoplewhoeattogetheroftenarelikelytohaveproblems解析：B主旨大意题。

A项意为“和父母一起吃饭对成年人没有好的影响”；B项意为“对于年轻人来说和父母一起吃饭是重要的”；C项意为“花费很多钱在和父母一起吃饭上是非常值得的。”；D项意为“经常和父母一起吃饭的人更容易有问题。

”，选择文章主旨首先要浏览文章首尾段，根据尾段Sotryeatingtogether,andyou’llfindit’stotallyworthit.可知“和家人一起吃饭是非常值得的。”，可知文章对和家人一起吃饭这件事上是保持积极态度，故排除A和D；有

因为文章没有提到钱的问题，故排除C，本题选B。精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1推理判断题词义猜测题2

主旨大意题3基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义togetheradv.passaway能力提升separatelyadv.adj.令人惊异的v.错过，思念adj.特殊的setasideadv.几乎不meaning

fuladj.n.效果，影响comparev.opportunityn.relationshipn.similarlyadv.adj.值得的二、句子英汉互译★★1.这顿饭不是为了一个人的，而是供大家享

用的。______________________________________________.2.昨天在舞台上唱歌的那个女孩正站在那边。_______________________________________

_______.3.Noteatingtogetheralsohasnegative(消极的）effectsbothphysicallyandpsychologically(心理上地）.______________________________________________.4.Justth

eopposite,childrenwhodoeatdinnerwiththeirparentsfiveormoredaysaweekarelesslikelytorunawayfromschoolwithoutreason._________________________________

_____________.5.Thenhowdoweeatbetter,notjustfromanutritionalperspective(营养角度),butfromapsychologicaloneaswell?______________________________________

________.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类议论文4717分钟__/4★★★★“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein”sayssciencewrit

erMattRidley,“anditwillkeepongettingbetter.”ReadontoseehowRidleymakeshiscase.Rightorwrong?Youdecide.Comparedwi

th50yearsago,whenIwasjustfouryearsold,peoplenowmakenearlythreetimesasmuchmoney,eatonethirdmorefoodandexpectto

liveonethirdlonger.Infact,it’shardtofindanyareasoftheworldthat’sworseoffnowthanitwasthen,eventhoughthe

worldpopulationhasmorethandoubledoverthatperiod.Onereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfre

erthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrownmuchcheaper.T

akeoneexample:In1800,acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880s,thesamelightfromalampto

ok15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950,itwaseightseconds.Today,it’shalfasecond.Intheseterms,weare43,200timesbetteroffthanin1800.IntheUnitedStates,ri

vers,lakes,seasandairaregettingcleanerallthetime.Acartodayproduceslesspollutiontravelingatfullspeedthanaparkedcardidfromleaks(泄漏)in1970.Althoughthew

orldpopulationisgrowing,therate(率)ofincreasehasbeenfallingfor50years.Acrosstheworld,nationalbirthratesarelowernowthanin1960,andinthelessdev

elopedworld,thebirthratehasalmosthalved.AccordingtoaresearchreportfromtheUnitedNations,populationwillstartfallingonceitreaches9.2billionin2075.Aft

erall,therearealreadysevenbillionpeopleonearth,andtheyareeatingbetterandbetter.In1970s,therewere550billionbarrels(桶)ofoilreserves(储存)inth

eworld,andinthe20yearsthatfollowedtheworldusedup600billion.Soby1990,reservesshouldhavebeenoverusedby50billionbarrels.Instead,it

isreportedthereare900billiontoday.Theywilllastformanyyearsandpeoplewillfindsomethinginplaceofoillongbeforetheyrunout.Themorewedevelop,themorew

ecandevelop.Themoreweinvent,themoreinventionsbecomepossible.For200years,pessimists(peoplewhobelievethatterriblethingswillhappeninfuture)havehadallthe

headlines—eventhoughoptimistshavefarmoreoftenbeenright.Therearesomereasonsforpessimists.Nocharity(慈善机构)everraisedmoneybysayingthings

aregettingbetter.Nojournalistevergotthefrontpagewritingastoryabouthowterriblethingswon’thappen.Don’tbeapessimist—dare

tobeanoptimist!1.Today,providingonehour’slightcosts______.（细节理解题）A.6hours’workB.15minutes’workC.8seconds’workD.0.5second’

swork2.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?（细节理解题）A.Thingsweusedtoneedweremuchcheaperthantheyaretoday.B.Thepollutiontodayismuchmorese

riousthanitwaslongago.C.Populationproblemhasnearlymadetheworldstopdeveloping.D.It’snotnecessarytobeworriedaboutoilreservesintheworld.3.Whatd

oestheword“optimists”inthelastparagraphmean?（词义猜测题）A.Peoplewhoarebraveenoughtofaceanythingterrible.B.Peoplewhocanalwayst

ellgoodthingsfrombadones.C.Peoplewhohavehopefulandhappyfeelingsaboutlife.D.Peoplewhodon’teasilybelieve

whatthey’retoldabout.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.NeverGiveUpB.CheerUpC.

Don’tBeSadD.ThinkOut参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义togetheradv.在一起passaway去世separatelyadv.分别地amazingadj.令人惊异的missv.错过，思念specialadj.特殊的setasi

de留出hardlyadv.几乎不meaningfuladj.有意义的effectn.效果，影响comparev.比较，对照opportunityn.机会relationshipn.关系similarlyadv.类似

地worthadj.值得的二、句子英汉互译。1.Themealisnotforone,butformanytoenjoy.2.Thegirlwhosangonthestageyesterdayisstandingoverthere.3.不一起吃饭对生理方面及心理方

面都有消极的影响。4.恰恰相反，每周和父母一起吃晚饭五天或超过五天的孩子们不太可能没有理由的逃学。5.那么我们怎样吃的更好，不止是从营养角度，也是从一个心理的角度？阅读练习1.D2.D3.C4.B