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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（二）专题十八阅读理解第2讲北京东城一模阅读理解CD篇1.掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2.掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3.通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累,及阅读理解解题技巧的练习,灵活应对各种阅读理解题

。C篇知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”,在英语学习的过程中,语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理,能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句,快来看看你掌握了吗？

高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差教学目标名师点拨normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的

describev.描述frightenedadj.害怕的v.frightenterribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.决定rudeadj.粗鲁的，无理的changev.改变completelyadv.完

全的adj.completeexcellentadj.极好的excitingadj.令人兴奋的popularadj.受欢迎的discussionn.讨论v.discusslookforwardto期待，盼望长难句（课前

检测学生的句型储备,以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优,模糊翻译的良,不会翻译的为差。）1.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.（优良差）___________________________________________________

______________________________________________句意：我不想描述我长什么样子。本句为宾语从句，whatIlooklike作describe的宾语，要注意翻译时的语序。2.Ittellsanexcitingstorytha

tmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.（优良差）________________________________________________________________

_________________________________句意：这本书讲述了一个会使你感觉到许多不同情感的令人兴奋的故事。本句为定语从句，由that引导的从句修饰先行词story.初中阅读中会遇到大量的定语从句

，翻译是要注意语序，同时它也是高中英语的语法重点。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足

够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如

果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。

第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条

分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选

择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理

解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题1.Whichofthefollowing

statementsistrue/false?方式2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.

细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesi

gnedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeak

nifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoe

swiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短

语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotat

ointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即

要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2.根据文章所提供的的背景

，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredo

mhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighb

ors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syal

said.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjo

yedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofth

ewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative

,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularw

riterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言

进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelped

herindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可

以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedse

ntenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题1.通过

因果关系猜测词义技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereading

atextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcre

ativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义

词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C

意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis__

___.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto____

_.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Young

studentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparen

tsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandto

write.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinop

inionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为

使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故选

D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?（细节理解题）A.Hisnameisspecial.B.

Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool.D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoscho

olatfirst?（细节理解题）A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschoo

l.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?（推理判断题）A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfam

ily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.语篇精讲D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtoun

derstand.通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文3667分钟__/3★★★Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAu

ggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboy

inmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Att

hestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peopleloo

katAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimat

home.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblet

hings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessom

egoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscomple

tely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasago

odsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissist

er,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook

.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutb

ullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常

生活类的记叙文。主要介绍了Wonder这本书主要内容，阐述的道理及价值。1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial.B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool.D.Hel

ikesplayingwithhisXbox.解析：B.细节理解题。根据题干关键短语differentfromotherboys可将答案锁定在原文第二段中。根据第二段关键句ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefacean

dlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.“但是Auggie有着畸形的脸，看起来和其它的男孩有很大的不同。”，A项意为“他的名字是特殊的”；B项意为“他的脸型不是正常的”，C项意为“他不想去上学”，D项意为“他喜欢玩他的Xbox。”即可推断出正确答案。2.Wh

ydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetter

thanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.解析：D.细节理解题。本题询问的是“Auggi起初不想去上

学的原因”。根据题干可将答案锁定在文章第三段中，根据关键句“Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.”可知他担心其他的学生会看他并说一些糟糕的事情。

即可推断出正确答案。3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmoreth

anchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.解析：B.推理判断题。本题询问的是“我们能够从这本书中得知什么？”A项意为“它告诉我们一个真实家庭的故事。”，根据最后一段中Onh

erwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.可知这个故事的想法是来源于一个面部畸形的女孩，而不是真实的故事。B项意为“许多

学校用这本书去教育学生”，根据最后一段Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.可判定此项和文中表

述一致；C项意为“成年人比儿童更喜欢这本书”，根据“Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.”可判定此项错误；D项意为“故事的情感很难理解”，根据“Wonderisanexcell

entbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.”可知在这本书中你能感受到许多不同的情感，所以此项错误，故选B。

精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下,回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2推理判断题3词义猜测题主旨大意题基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义n

ormaladj.adj.不同的describev.frightenedadj.adj.可怕的，很糟的v.决定adj.粗鲁的，无理的changev.completelyadv.excellentadj.adj.令人兴奋的adj.受欢

迎的discussionn.lookforwardto能力提升二、句子英汉互译★★1.你知道是谁赢得了游戏吗？_____________________________________________.2.你能告诉我怎样用这个新的

电脑吗？______________________________________________.3.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack._____________________________________

_________.4.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.___________________________________

___________.5.ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend.______________________________________________.阅读练习

话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类记叙文3737分钟__/4★★★AlexisMartinisathree-year-oldgirlfromArizona.Shehasn’tstartedkindergarten（幼儿园）yet,butshehasanIQabove1

60,whichiswellabovetheaverage（一般的）people’sIQ.So,thereisnowonderthatshehasbecometheyoungestmemberofMensa,thel

argestandoldesthighIQsocietyintheworld.MensaisaninternationalclubwhosemembershaveanIQscoreinthetop2%oftheworld.Currently,Mens

ahas3,300membersundertheageof18intheU.S.Alexisisoneofthem.TheaveragepeoplegenerallyhaveanIQscoreof100poin

ts,butMartinscored160points,thehighestscoreonthetest.ThedoctorswhotestedAlexissaidshescoredsohighthatthey

couldn’tevenworkoutherIQexactly.Theythinksheisevensmarterthan99.9%oftheworldpopulation.Actually,shematchedtheIQsoftalentslikeA

lbertEinstein,StephenHawkingandBillGates.IanMartin,Alexis’father,saidhisdaughtershowedsignsofsomeuniqueabilitiesat

theageofoneandshebeganreadingbooksforpupilswhenshewasjusttwoyearsold.Nowattheageofthree,Alexisisreadingonafifthgradelevel.“From12monthsold,

we’dbedrivingaroundinthecarandshewouldrepeatherbedtimestoriesfromthenightbefore,”hesaid.“Shedidn’tjustrepeatthem.Shecould

remembereverywordofthemexactly.”IanMartinthinkshisdaughteralsostandsoutwhenitcomestolearningnewlanguages.“Anyti

meshelearnsawordandjustpicksitupthroughanything,shenevereverusesitintheincorrectsituation,ever,”Iansaid.WhileAlexis’sparentsareproudthattheirthr

ee-year-olddaughterhasbecomeamemberinMensa,theyarealsoawareofthepricethatcomeswitheverygift.ThedoctorssayAlexisshouldneveratten

danormalschoolandchildrenwithherlevelofintelligence（智力）oftenexperiencehighanxiety（焦虑）unlessthey’rearoundsimilarlygifte

dboysandgirls.Herparentsdecidetofollowtheadviceandtrytolookforproperwaystohelphergetinvolvedintosocie

ty.1.Mensaonlyaccepts__________.（细节理解题）A.teenagersunder18intheU.S.B.peoplewithIQsabove160intheU.S.C.talentsinth

eworldlikeAlbertEinsteinD.peoplewithIQsinthetop2%oftheworld2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAlexis’IQis__________.（细节理解题）A.gettinghigherthroughtrainin

gB.beyondthelimitoftheIQtestC.abovetheIQofStephenHawkingD.growingtoofasttogetanexactscore3.OneofAlexis’specialabilitiesisthat_

_________.（细节理解题）A.shecouldreadstoriesattheageofoneB.shecouldwritebooksforpupilsattheageoftwoC.shecanremembereverywordofwhatherparentssaidD.sh

ecanlearnnewwordsquicklyandusethemproperly4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（推理判断题）A.Alexisissuretoexperienceanxietyinthefuture.B.Alex

is’parentscan’taffordthegiftsthatshechooses.C.Alexis’parentswon’tbeabletofindheranormalschool.D.Alexismayfeelithardtoget

alongwiththeaveragepeople.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.害怕的terribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.

决定rudeadj.粗鲁的，无理的changev.改变completelyadv.完全地excellentadj.极好的excitingadj.令人兴奋的popularadj.受欢迎的discussionn.讨论lookforwar

dto期待，盼望二、句子英汉互译。1.Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?2.Couldyoupleasetellmehowtousethenewcomputer?3.我们也了解到了他妹妹和他朋友杰克的生活。4.许多人盼望看到RJPalacio接下来写的作品。5.昨

天参观我们学校的那个男人是一个美国朋友。阅读练习1.D2.B3.D4.DD篇知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差possibilityn.可能性adj.possibleopp.impossibleconvenientadj.方便的calmdown平静下来relaxeda

dj.放松的necessaryadj.必要的opp.unnecessaryhealthyadj.健康的opp.unhealthyaloneadj.单独的spendv.度过，花费informationn.信息separat

e„from„把„与„分开长难句1.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber.（优良差）______________________________________________

___________________________________________________句意：我可以通过Viber给我住在洛杉矶的妹妹打电话。本句为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sister。2

.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包裹）upinwhatother

peoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.（优良差）_______________________________________________________

________________________名师点拨__________________句意：这是一个我们能得到很多关于其他人生活的表面信息的时代，但是被别人所做的事情包裹起来或是总是考虑得到别人的认可可能是非常不健康的。本句的前半部分是一个由when引导的定语从句修饰先行词a

ge，后半句是动名词短语作主语的句子。方法篇“方法得当,事半功倍。”只有语料的积累,没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理,能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑,在有足够语料积累的基础上,能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学,老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧,快来看看

你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内

容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读

中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读

理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细

节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这

些细节。设题方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,wh

en(where,why,how,who,etc)„?解题技巧1.细心审题，直接就题找答案2.变通理解，间接转述找答案3.多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to1

5percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultf

orleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedi

fyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurtB.giveupcuttingC.feelawkwardD.changetheirtools本题可以运用到解题技巧1.细

心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，浏览段落，确定关键句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingap

otatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型

二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.方式

2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解题技巧1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2

.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3.根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindev

elopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingsl

ikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandp

oemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesand

readingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwh

atheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifference

sbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomo

ndevelopingcreativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2.根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物

的态度，第一段中关键句为awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意为“MeeraSyal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkf

reely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而

且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“„”

mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题技巧1.通过因果关系猜测词义2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3.通过构词法猜测词义4.通过定义或释义说明来猜测词

义5.通过描述猜测词义6.用知识和生活经验猜测词义7.根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthe

developmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowd

own.B.Keepupwith.C.Gobeyond.D.Giveriseto.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无

聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能

力。设题方式1.问标题：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.问中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepas

sageismostlyabout_____.3.问目的，态度：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解题技巧1.浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，

抓住主旨段或主旨句2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstud

entslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedth

at.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.En

couragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2.浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主

旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but

之后的关键词thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，

故选D。浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?（词义猜测题）A.InterruptiveB.Hel

pful.C.Unsatisfactory.D.Important.2Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?（细节理解题）A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.I

t’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeellonely.语篇精讲3Thewriteragrees___________.（推理判断题）A.It’simportanttoknow

whatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselves

D.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly4What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanw

ekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?通篇寻读话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级社会现象类议论文373

7分钟__/4★★★★Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFranc

e,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEng

landforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.Eventhemostout-goingpeopleneedsome“downtime”tocalmdownonth

eirownandgetrelaxed.ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.Afterall,youhavetolivewithyourselffortherestofyourl

ife,soyou’dbetterknowhowtoenjoyyourowncompany.Itcanbeagoodthingtohavetimetoyourselftocollectyourthoughtsandfreeyourfeelings.TodayIwen

tforawalkbymyselfaroundthelakeandjustday-dreamed.Itwassorelaxingandenjoyableandhelpedmeletgoofmybademotions.However,someho

witseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,wearea

ctuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滚屏)throughFac

ebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,

sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwr

apped（包裹）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsth

esedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingto

omuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourse

lfandwithotherpeople.逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是社会现象类的议论文。本文主要描述的是当今社会人们大部分时间都在关注别人的生活或在意别人对自己的看法，很少有自己独处的时间这一社会现象。阐述了我们应该平衡留给自己的时间和与

他人交往的时间这一观点。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.InterruptiveB.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory.D.Important.解

析：A词义猜测题。划线词汇出现在文章中的第一段，浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词however“然而”，however之前阐述的是thiscanbeveryconvenient，即与家人联系是非常方便的，故however后的句子应是与其意思相反的，是消极词汇，所以排除B和

D。根据第二段第一句中的calmdown“冷静下来”，可以知道划线词汇为它的反义词，A意为“打扰的”；C意为“不满意”，故选A。2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?A.It’sthe

onlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeello

nely.解析：C细节理解题。题干意为“作者认为合理的保持孤独怎么样？”，浏览全文，可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据第二段关键句“ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.”“我认为是必要的和健康的”，可以判定正确

答案为C。3.Thewriteragrees_________.A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC

.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly解析：B推理判断题。本文需要我们选择符合作者观点的选项。A项意为“知道别对我们的看法是很重要的

”，根据第三段倒数第二行句子“alwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(认可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.”可以判定此项是错误的。B项意为“总是将别和我们自己作比较是有害的”，本句话关键词出现在第三段W

ejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline，因此可以判定选项与作者观点一致。CD两项与文章讨论的中心论点无关，排除，故选B。4.What’sthebestt

itleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoug

htimetrulybyourselves?解析：D主旨大意题。本篇文章作者所要表达的观点是我们需要更多的时间独处，A项意为“科技对我们真的有好处吗？”；B项意为“我们怎样能保持与其他人之间的联系？”；C项意为“过得快乐的最好办法是什么？”；D项意为“我们真的有足够的独处时间吗？”，故选D。

精讲笔记语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题2推理判断题3词义猜测题1主旨大意题4基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译★单词/短语词性词义possibili

tyn.convenientadj.平静下来adj.放松的necessaryadj.adj.健康的adj.单独的v.度过，花费informationn.separate„from„二、句子英汉互译★★能力提升1.我怎能控制我自己

？我无法冷静下来。______________________________________________.2.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。______________________________________________.3.Washing

handsbeforemealsisgoodforourhealth.______________________________________________.4.Climbingupthemountainwillmakeyouexhausted._______________

_______________________________.5.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.________________________________________

______.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级科普环保类议论文4407分钟__/4★★★★ItisanargumentthathasdividedtheEastandtheWestforcenturies:Arechopsticksbett

erthantheknifeandfork,orviceversa?Nowthewinnermayfinallybedecided,onenvironmentalground.Chopsticksaremadefromavariety

ofmaterials,butbambooandwoodchopsticksaremorepopular.Theyareusuallycheaper,lowerintemperatureconductionandprovidebettersenseforholdingfood.That’s

whyalmostalldisposable（一次性的）chopsticksaremadeofbambooorwood.Withcuttingdown25millionfully-growntreesayear

tomakechopsticks,Chinahasrankednumberoneamongtheproducers.“Wemustchangeourhabitsandencouragepeopletotaketheirownchopstickswheneatingout,”sa

idMr.Bo,theownerofaforestryindustrycompanyinChina.Heevenwentsofarastosuggestthatrestaurantsshouldoffermetalknivesandforksinstead.I

fMr.Bo’ssuggestioniswidelyaccepted,itwouldbeadarkmomentinchopsticks’4,000-yearhistory.ChopstickswereinventedinancientChinaandlaterspreadaroundAsia.T

heyarenotonlyusedaseatingtoolsbutalsousedforcooking,stirringthefireandservingfood.Koreanssometimesusemetalchopsticksbecauseoftheirloveofbarbecue（烧烤）.

ChinesechopsticksarelongerthanKoreanandJapanesechopsticksinordertoreachthedishesinthecenterofthetable.Thereare1.4billionpeopleusing80billionpai

rsofdisposablechopsticksinChinaeveryyear.However,themostwidespreaduseofdisposablechopsticksisinJapan

.Aroundatotalof24billionpairsareusedinJapaneachyear,whichmeanseachJapaneseusesalmost200pairsyearly.However,mostofitsd

isposablechopstickshavebeenimported（进口）fromChina,uptoover90%.Today,Chinahastoacceptthetruththatitsforestscannolong

erprovideenoughchopstickstofeedAsian’stablehabit.Chinaisnowtheworld’slargestimporterofwoodandevenimportschopsticksfromAmerica.AnAmericancom

panysaidthatthestate’snativesweetgumandpoplarwoodwouldbeperfectlyusedtomakechopsticks.Thesematerialsdonotneedtobelightenedwithche

micalsorbleach（漂白粉）.ThehealthymaterialsandfairlyreasonablepricesoftheproductsareappealingtoAsiancustomers.Moreand

moreAsiansstarttouseAmerican-madechopsticksattheirtables.AlthoughtheU.S.hasahugeamountofwood,reducingthenumberoftreesthatarecutdowninAsia,chan

gingthetablehabitofusingdisposablechopsticksstillseemstobeawiserchoiceforchopsticks-usingcountries.1.AccordingtoParagraph2,Mr.Bo’sadviceisthatC

hineseshould________.（细节理解题）A.usemetalchopsticksinsteadofwoodenonesB.plantmoretreesandproducefewerchopsticksC.formthehabitoftakingtheirownchopsti

ckswheneatingoutD.changetheirhabitsandbegintouseknivesandforksathome2.WhatdoweknowaboutchopsticksinAsia?（细节理解题）A.Koreansmainlyusechopsti

ckstocookfoodoverafire.B.MostdisposablechopsticksinJapanaremadeinChina.C.ThemostdisposablechopsticksareusedinJapanyearly.D.C

hineseusetheshortestchopstickstotakeandservefood.3.Theunderlinedword“appealing”inParagraph4probablymeans______.（词义猜测题）A.normalB.necessaryC.

attractiveD.surprising4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?（主旨大意题）A.TimetoChangetheMaterialsforChopsticks.B.TimetoCutDownonDisposableChopsticks.C.Timet

oImportDisposableChopsticks.D.TimetoGiveUpUsingChopsticks.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义possibilityn.可能性convenientadj.方便的calmdown平静

下来relaxedadj.放松的necessaryadj.必要的healthyadj.健康的aloneadj.单独的spendv.度过，花费informationn.信息separate„from„把„与„分开二、句子英汉互译。1.

HowdoIcontrolmyself?Ican’tcalmdown.2.TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.3.饭前洗手有益健康。4.爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。5.昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的

老人。阅读练习1.C2.B3.C4.B