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章末排查练(六)一、原电池电极反应式或总反应式的书写1．铁镍电池(负极－Fe，正极－NiO2，电解液－KOH溶液)已知：Fe＋NiO2＋2H2O放电充电Fe(OH)2＋Ni(OH)2，则：负极：_____________________________________

___________________________________；正极：______________________________________________________________

__________；阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：__________________________________________

______________________________。答案：Fe－2e－＋2OH－===Fe(OH)2NiO2＋2H2O＋2e－===Ni(OH)2＋2OH－Fe(OH)2＋2e－===Fe＋2OH－

Ni(OH)2－2e－＋2OH－===NiO2＋2H2O2．LiFePO4电池(正极－LiFePO4，负极－Li，含Li＋导电固体为电解质)已知：FePO4＋Li放电充电LiFePO4，则负极：__________________________

______________________________________________；正极：__________________________________________________________

______________；阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：____________

____________________________________________________________。答案：Li－e－===Li＋FePO4＋Li＋＋e－===LiFePO4Li＋＋e－===LiLiFePO4－e－===FePO4

＋Li＋3．高铁电池(负极－Zn，正极－石墨，电解质为浸湿的固态碱性物质)已知：3Zn＋2K2FeO4＋8H2O放电充电3Zn(OH)2＋2Fe(OH)3＋4KOH，则：负极：_________________________________________

_______________________________；正极：________________________________________________________________________；阴极：_________________________

_______________________________________________；阳极：____________________________________________________________________

____。答案：3Zn－6e－＋6OH－===3Zn(OH)22FeO2－4＋6e－＋8H2O===2Fe(OH)3＋10OH－3Zn(OH)2＋6e－===3Zn＋6OH－2Fe(OH)3－6e－＋10OH－===2F

eO2－4＋8H2O4．氢氧燃料电池(1)电解质是KOH溶液(碱性电解质)负极：________________________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________

_________________________________________；总反应方程式：_______________________________________________________________

_________。(2)电解质是H2SO4溶液(酸性电解质)负极：________________________________________________________________________；正极：_____________________________

___________________________________________；总反应方程式：________________________________________________________________________。(3)电解质是N

aCl溶液(中性电解质)负极：________________________________________________________________________；正极：_______________________________________________

_________________________；总反应方程式：________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H2－4e－＋4

OH－===4H2OO2＋2H2O＋4e－===4OH－2H2＋O2===2H2O(2)2H2－4e－===4H＋O2＋4H＋＋4e－===2H2O2H2＋O2===2H2O(3)2H2－4e－===4H＋O2＋

2H2O＋4e－===4OH－2H2＋O2===2H2O5．甲烷燃料电池(铂为两极，正极通入O2和CO2，负极通入甲烷，电解液有三种)(1)电解质是熔融碳酸盐(K2CO3或Na2CO3)正极：________________

________________________________________________________；负极：________________________________________________________________________；总反应方程式：__

______________________________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(电解液为H2SO4溶液)正极：___________________________

_____________________________________________；负极：________________________________________________________________________；总反应方程式：___________

_____________________________________________________________。(3)碱性电解质(电解液为KOH溶液)正极：_________________________

_______________________________________________；负极：________________________________________________________________________；总反应方程式：____________

____________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2O2＋8e－＋4CO2===4CO2－3CH4－8e－＋4CO2－3===5CO2＋2H2OCH4＋2O2===CO2

＋2H2O(2)2O2＋8e－＋8H＋===4H2OCH4－8e－＋2H2O===CO2＋8H＋CH4＋2O2===CO2＋2H2O(3)2O2＋8e－＋4H2O===8OH－CH4－8e－＋10OH－===CO2－3＋7H2OCH4＋2O2＋2OH－===CO2－3＋3H2O6．甲醇燃料

电池(1)碱性电解质(铂为两极，电解液为KOH溶液)正极：________________________________________________________________________；负极：_______________________________________

_________________________________；总反应方程式：________________________________________________________________________。(2)酸性电解质(铂

为两极，电解液为H2SO4溶液)正极：________________________________________________________________________；负极：________

________________________________________________________________；总反应方程式：________________________________

________________________________________。答案：(1)3O2＋12e－＋6H2O===12OH－2CH3OH－12e－＋16OH－===2CO2－3＋12H2O2CH3OH＋3O2＋4

KOH===2K2CO3＋6H2O(2)3O2＋12e－＋12H＋===6H2O2CH3OH－12e－＋2H2O===12H＋＋2CO22CH3OH＋3O2===2CO2＋4H2O7．CO燃料电池(总反应方程式均为2CO＋O2=

==2CO2)(1)熔融盐(铂为两极，Li2CO3和Na2CO3的熔融盐做电解质，CO为负极燃气，空气与CO2的混合气为正极助燃气)正极：___________________________________

_____________________________________；负极：________________________________________________________________________。(2)酸性电

解质(铂为两极，电解液为H2SO4溶液)正极：________________________________________________________________________；负极：_____________________________________

___________________________________。答案：(1)O2＋4e－＋2CO2===2CO2－32CO＋2CO2－3－4e－===4CO2(2)O2＋4e－＋4H＋===2H2O2CO－4e－＋2H2O===2CO2＋4

H＋二、电解池电极反应式和总反应式的书写1．用惰性电极电解下列溶液(1)NaCl溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：__

______________________________________________________________________；总反应式：_______________________________________

_________________________________。(2)CuSO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________

；阳极：________________________________________________________________________；总反应式：______________________________

__________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－===H2↑2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑2NaCl＋2H2O=====电解2NaOH＋H2↑＋Cl2↑(2)2Cu2＋＋4e－==

=2Cu4OH－－4e－===2H2O＋O2↑2CuSO4＋2H2O=====电解2Cu＋2H2SO4＋O2↑2．用惰性电极电解下列熔融态物质(1)MgCl2阳极：_____________________________________________________

___________________；阴极：________________________________________________________________________；总反应式：____________________________________________

____________________________。(2)Al2O3阳极：________________________________________________________________________；阴极：_________________________________

_______________________________________；总反应式：_____________________________________________________________

___________。答案：(1)2Cl－－2e－===Cl2↑Mg2＋＋2e－===MgMgCl2(熔融)=====电解Mg＋Cl2↑(2)6O2－－12e－===3O2↑4Al3＋＋12e－===4Al2Al2O3(熔融)=====电解冰晶石4Al＋3O2↑3．用铜做电极电解下列溶液(1)

H2SO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：_______________________________

_________________________________________；总反应式：_________________________________________________________

_______________。(2)NaOH溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：_____________________________________

___________________________________；总反应式：________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)2H＋＋2e－=

==H2↑Cu－2e－===Cu2＋Cu＋H2SO4=====电解CuSO4＋H2↑(2)2H2O＋2e－===H2↑＋2OH－Cu－2e－＋2OH－===Cu(OH)2↓Cu＋2H2O=====电解Cu(OH)2↓＋

H2↑4．用Al做电极电解下列溶液(1)H2SO4溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：______________________________

__________________________________________；总反应式：________________________________________________________________________。(

2)NaOH溶液阴极：________________________________________________________________________；阳极：___________________________

_____________________________________________；总反应式：_________________________________________________________

_______________。答案：(1)6H＋＋6e－===3H2↑2Al－6e－===2Al3＋2Al＋3H2SO4=====电解Al2(SO4)3＋3H2↑(2)6H2O＋6e－===3H2↑＋6OH－2Al－6e－

＋8OH－===2AlO－2＋4H2O2Al＋2H2O＋2NaOH=====电解2NaAlO2＋3H2↑