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课时质量评价(四十二)选择性必修第四册Unit6SpaceandbeyondA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AThisyearmarksthe50thanniversaryofEarthDay.Ahalf­centuryago,activists1.________(walk)tothes

treettospeakoutfortheprotectionoftheplanetin2.________(respond)tooneoftheworstoilspills(原油泄漏)inhistory.Theseactivistsinspiredimp

ortantchangesinhowoursocietyviewstheenvironment,3.________(lead)tothecreationoftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Butprotectingtheearthisalsoasocialjus

ticeissue.Peopleofcolourandpoorpeopleareoftenthefirst4.________(suffer)fromtheclimatechange,becausetheylivenearhighways,factories,orgarbagedum

ps,5.________therearemorepollutants,forexample,andtheymaynotbeabletoaffordfreshgreenfoods.Butyoudon'thavetobeanactivisttomake6.________difference—in

facttherearemanytinyeveryday7.________(effort)youcanmaketohelptheplanet.Theenvironmentalmovementdidn'tstartwithEarthDayandindig

enouspeople(原住民)protectingtheearthas8.________(they)wayoflifewerethepioneers.Iwishthateveryonewouldseetheclimatecrisisthiswayand

takeit9.________(serious)aswell.Itisn'tjustpolarbearsandplasticbags10.________anissuethatwilldeterminethefutureoflife.So,

actually,everydayisEarthDay.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描写地球日来引出保护地球的话题，号召人们每天做出努力来保护地球。1.walked考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空中的词为谓语动词，再根据时间状语“A

half-centuryago”可知，应用一般过去时，故填walked。2.response考查固定搭配。inresponseto为固定短语，意为“响应，应对”，故填response。3.leading考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空中的词在句中

作结果状语，和修饰语之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填leading。4.tosuffer考查不定式。分析句子结构可知，空中的词在句中作定语，修饰first，表示“将要”，应用不定式，故填tosuffer。5.where考查定语

从句。分析句子结构可知，“5.________therearemorepollutants,forexample,andtheymaynotbeabletoaffordfreshgreenfoods”为非限制性定语从句，关系词修饰前面的地点，在从句中作状语，故填where。6.a考查固定搭配。m

akeadifference为固定短语，意为“对„„有影响”。故填a。7.efforts考查名词。分析句子可知，空中的词作表语，并且有many修饰，应用名词复数，故填efforts。8.their考查代词。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their

。9.seriously考查副词。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰动词take，应用副词形式，故填seriously。10.but考查固定搭配。not...but...意为“不是„„而是„„”符合语境，but表示转折，but前后通常使用平行的结构。故填but。B(2020·全国

卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspired

byanancientChinesemoongoddess—1.________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis

2.________(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasat

elliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3.________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofp

articular4.________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5.________thefamiliarnea

rside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-46.________(find)andstudyareasoftheSou

thPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7

.________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8.________(construct)．”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow9.___

_____iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10.________(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【

语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国的航天壮举：成为首个让无人探测器——“嫦娥四号”在月球背面软着陆的国家。1.touched考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语lastweek可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般

过去时。故填touched。2.extremely考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用于修饰形容词challenging，应用副词，故填extremely。3.where考查定语从句。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用wh

ere引导，故填where。4.interest考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处应为“be＋of＋n.”结构，相当于“be＋adj.”，故填interest。5.than考查连词。结合上文中的“Thefarsideofthemo

on”和“more”及下文中的“thefamiliarnearside”可知，此处含有对比关系，对比月球的背面和正面，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。6.tofind考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成usesth.

todo...结构，意为“使用某物做„„”。故填tofind。7.means考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和上文中的“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故填mean

s。8.isconstructed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语themoon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且themoon为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填i

sconstructed。9.much考查限定词。根据语境可知，此处应表示“多少”，且ice为不可数名词，故填much。10.its考查代词。此处修饰空后的名词plans，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.不论多么

艰苦，我们都应努力适应新环境。(nomatterhow)Nomatterhowharditis,weshouldtryourbesttogetaccustomedtothenewsurroundings.2.这次可怕的经

历好像已经给小女孩留下了阴影。(seem)Theterribleexperienceseemedtohavecastashadowonthelittlegirl.3.在他看来，弹钢琴并不比弹吉他难。(nomoretha

n)Inhisopinion,playingthepianoisnomoredifficultthanplayingtheguitar.4.我要面对一个如此困难的问题。(such)SuchadifficultquestiondoIhavetoface.5.人们相信行动胜于一切。(believe)

Itisbelievedthattheactionsspeaklouderthananythingelse.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解OnFebruary6,2020,Americanastronaut

ChristinaKocharrivedbackonEarthafter328daysinspace.Hertimeinspaceisjustoneoftherecordssetbyherself.That'sthelongestspa

ceflightevermadebyawoman,andjustoneofthemanythingsMsKochachievedinspace.MsKochtookofffromEarthfortheInternationalSpace

Station(ISS)onMarch12,2019.Whileinspace,shemade5，248tripsaroundtheEarth,travelling2，237millionkilometres,whichisrough

lythesameas291tripstotheMoonandback.Duringher11monthsontheISS,MsKochtookpartinsixspacewalks,spendingover42hoursinalloutsidethestation.InOcto

berof2019,MsKochledthefirsteverall-femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.Butformostastronauts,spacetravelisn'taboutsettingrecords.It'saboutdoings

cience.MsKochtookpartinawidevarietyofspecialexperiments,includingstudyinghowcrystals(晶体)growinspace,howatoms(原子)behaveinext

remecoldandlearningmoreaboutgrowingplantsinlowgravity.Growingplantsinspacecouldbeanimportantwaytoprovidef

oodonfuturetrips.Shealsotestedanewwayofseparatingliquidsfromgases.Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcle

aningwaterandairinspace,whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.MsKochisn'tjustascientistandastronaut.Sheisals

obeingstudied.She'spartofaNASAprogrammestudyinghowastronautsareaffectedbybeinginspaceforlongperiodsofti

me.Hertripwasonly12daysshorterthantheAmericanrecordsetbyScottKellyin2016.AstheydidwithMrKelly,NASAscientistsarelookingc

arefullyatwaysMsKoch'sbodyhasbeenaffectedbyhertimeinspace.ThatresearchisimportantforthelongerspacetripsNASAhopestomakeinthefuture,suchasfor

abaseontheMoonoratriptoMars.1.WhichofthefollowingisanachievementMsKochhasmade?A.Makingthelongestspaceflightbyherself.B.Leading

thefirstwomen­onlyspacewalk.C.Cleaningwaterandairsuccessfullyinspace.D.StayingoutsidetheISScontinuouslyfor42hours.2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswit

hsomanydetailedfiguresinParagraph2?A.Kochmadehistoricbreakthroughsinspace.B.Kochwentthroughalife­threatenin

gspacetrip.C.Kochcompletedadmirabletasksinthespacetravel.D.KochisthemostexperiencedastronautinNASA.3.Whichs

tatementagreeswiththetext?A.Astronautsarecompetingtosetnewrecords.B.Koch'steamproducedtheirownfoodinspace.C.NASAhasfoundedascientificbaseontheMo

on.D.Koch'sresearchissignificantforspaceexploration.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Record­SettingAs

tronautKochReturnstoEarthB.USAstronautsCarriedoutExperimentsinSpaceC.SpacewalksHaveSuccessfullyBeenD

oneontheISSD.NASAisStudyingAstronautsforLongerSpaceTrips【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士做了创纪录太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。1

.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“InOctoberof2019,MsKochledthefirsteverall­femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.”可知，Koch女士领导了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故

选B。2.C推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman,andjustoneofthemanythingsMsKochachievedinspace.”及第二段用大量的数字列举了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令

人敬佩的任务可知，选项C符合题意。故选C。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace,whichcouldbeveryimportantforfutures

pacetravel.”可知，她的研究对于未来的空间探索具有重要意义。故选D。4.A标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士做了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。故选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(202

1·重庆九校联考)Inspringtime,manyAmericanstakeonamajorproject:cleaningtheirhomesfromtoptobottom.Weoftencallthiskindofwork“springcleani

ng”.Partofspringcleaningofteninvolvesclearingoutclutter(杂物).Wedoawaywiththingswenolongerneed.IfwearetobelievethemanystoriesonM

arieKondo,theQueenofClean,clutteraddsunnecessarystresstoourlives.Clutterisholdingusbackfromourdreamsandgoals.1Anexpertonthesubject,SabineKastn

erofPrincetonUniversity,hasbeenstudyinghowthebrainprocessesclutterfor20years.Themedia,Kastnersays,oftenwritesaboutclutterina

verysimple,black­and­whiteway:Clutteraffectsthemindandweneedtoclearitout.Butitismuchmorecomplexthanthat.For

starters,ourbrainsaredesignedtodealwithclutter.Veryearlyinthedevelopmentofoureyesight,webegintogroup

objectsthatwesee.2AccordingtoKastner,thereisnotaone­size­fits­allsolution.3Infact,somepeopleneedtoseetheirwork.Ifsomethingiscarefullyput

away,tothemitdoesnotexistanymore.Outofsight,outofmind.Forotherpeople,objectscanstimulatetheircreativityandgiveth

emideas.4Kastnernotesthatsomepeoplemaygetdistractedbyhavinglotsofthingsaroundthem.Thesepeoplemayneedmoreorgan

isationsandlesscluttertoworkwell.5Whethertheareaisclutteredorclear—theyworkthesame.Andforothersitmaydependontheproject.Foradministrativework

,theymightneedaclearworkspace.Butformorecreativeprojects,theymayneedmanythingsaroundthem.Itiscomplex.A.Butisittrue?B.W

hatisworkingandwhatisnot?C.Somepeopledonotcareeitherway.D.Thishelpsustostructureourenvironment.E.Peopleneedtobeabletodesigntheirwor

kplaces.F.Theideathatanunclutteredworkplaceisbetter,isnotuniversallytrue.G.However,otherpeopleareunabletoworkinaclutteredenvironment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇

议论文。一项研究表明，杂乱的工作环境对人的影响因人而异，并非所有的杂乱都是坏事。1.A空格前的“Clutterisholdingusbackfromourdreamsandgoals.”与下文观点“Butitis

muchmorecomplexthanthat.”形成矛盾，因此作者质疑此观点，故选A。2.D根据前一句“Forstarters,ourbrainsaredesignedtodealwithclutter.Veryearlyinthedevelop

mentofoureyesight,webegintogroupobjectsthatwesee.”可知，下一句应该讲述大脑处理混乱的能力所带来的好处，故选D。3.F根据前一句“AccordingtoKastner,thereisnotaone­size­fits­allsolution.”可知，

并不是每个人都认可工作环境越整洁越好的观点，故选F。4.G根据下一句“Kastnernotesthatsomepeoplemaygetdistractedbyhavinglotsofthingsaroundthem.”可知，本段主

要讲述有一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作，故选G。5.C根据第四段和第五段内容可知，对于一些人来说，物品可以激发他们的创造力，给他们灵感；而另一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作，再由所给空格的下一句“Whetherthe

areaisclutteredorclear—theyworkthesame.”可知，还有一些人并不关心工作的环境是凌乱还是整洁，故选C。Ⅲ.应用文写作假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jean来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好

。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈你最喜欢的网站或app及理由。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_______________________________________

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___________________________________________【参考范文】DearJean，GladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinwhatChineseteenagersliketodoonline,Iamwr

itingtotellyoumoreaboutit.Assmartphoneshavebeenwidelyused,manyteenagersprefersurfingonlinewiththeirphones.ShoppingonlineandchattingwithfriendsviaWeC

hatorQQarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Asforme,IlikeanAlipayappcalledtheAntForest,whichencouragesuserstoadoptlow­carbon

activities.IhaveagreatsenseofachievementwhenIturntheenergyfromlow­carbonlifeintorealtreesthroughit.Areyouus

ingthisapp?Whataboutyourfavouriteapplication?Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours，LiHuaⅣ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构

成一篇完整的短文。Carllosthisjob.Hetriedtofindanotheronebutitwasn'teasy.Thepoorfellowcouldn'tpayhisbillsbecausehehadsolitt

lemoney,andhecouldn'taskanybodytolendhimany.Carlspenthisdaysathome.Helookedoutofthewindowandwatchedhisneighbour'shouse.Anoldprofessorlivedtherea

lone.Strangely,henevertalkedtohisneighbours.Carlcouldseeintotheprofessor'shousebecauseheneverdrewthe

curtain.Theroomswerefullofantiquefurnitureandvases.Carlthought,“Whyhaven'tIgotanantiquevase?Icouldsellitforalotofmoney.”Ever

ydayCarlsawtheprofessor.Heleftat10o'clockinthemorningandcamehomeat4o'clock.Hehadadog.Carloftenwenttothefenceandplayedwithitorgaveitapiec

eofmeat.OnedayCarlthought,“Iwillgointotheprofessor'shouseandstealavase.Iwillbreakthewindowandclimbin.Thedogisnotaproblem.”Therewasanoldg

uninthecellar.Ithadbeenhisgreatgrandfather'sfavouritethingalongtimebefore.Carldidn'twanttousethegunbuthethought,“Anythingcoul

dhappen.”Hewantedtohidethegununderhiscoatbutitwastoolongsohecuttheendoffwithasaw.Thenextmorninghewatc

hedtheprofessorleavinghomeat10o'clock.Carlclimbedoverthefence.ThedograntohimandCarlgaveitabigbone.Hethrewapie

ceofstonethroughthewindow,whichbroke.Itwasn'thigh.Hecouldclimbintothehouseeasily.Helookedaroundinside.Therewerepaintingsonthewalls,small

figuresandvasesontheshelvesandthefloor.Carldidn'tknowmuchaboutarts.Hecouldn'tchoose.Hereachedhishandstowardsabigvasewhenheheardanoise.Thefrontdoor

openedandsomeoneenteredthehouse.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Itwastheprofessor.Hehadleftanimportantdocumentathome._______________________________________________

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wasmuchscared._________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Itwastheprof

essor.Hehadleftanimportantdocumentathome.Carlbecamesoafraidthathepulledoutthegunwithoutasecondthought.Theprofessorcameintother

oomandsawhim.“Whatareyoudoinginmyhouse？”heaskedsurprisedlyandangrily.“Ihaven'tstolenanything.Justletmeg

oorIwillshoot！”criedCarl,pointingthegunattheprofessorwithhistremblinghands.Theprofessorwasmuchscared.Suddenlyheburstintolaughter.

“Withthatgun？”askedtheprofessor.Strangely,hedidn'tseemfrightenedofCarlanymore.Hecontinued,“Youcan'tshootwiththatantiquegun.Youshouldhav

eputitinthemuseumactually.”“Isthisreallyanantiquegun？”askedCarl.“Howmuchisitworth？”“Itwasworthabout17，000dollars，”saidtheprofessor.“Butnowyou

canget10dollarsforit.”“Why？”askedCarl.Theprofessorreplied,“Because,yousee,itsendismissing.”