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课时质量评价(四十二)选择性必修第四册Unit6SpaceandbeyondA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空AThisyearmarksthe50thanniversaryofEarthDay.Ahalf­centuryago,activists1.________(walk)tothestreet

tospeakoutfortheprotectionoftheplanetin2.________(respond)tooneoftheworstoilspills(原油泄漏)inhistory.Theseactivistsinspiredimportantchange

sinhowoursocietyviewstheenvironment,3.________(lead)tothecreationoftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Butprotectingtheearthis

alsoasocialjusticeissue.Peopleofcolourandpoorpeopleareoftenthefirst4.________(suffer)fromtheclimatechange,becausetheyliv

enearhighways,factories,orgarbagedumps,5.________therearemorepollutants,forexample,andtheymaynotbeabletoaffordfr

eshgreenfoods.Butyoudon'thavetobeanactivisttomake6.________difference—infacttherearemanytinyeveryday7.________(effort)youcanmaketohelptheplane

t.Theenvironmentalmovementdidn'tstartwithEarthDayandindigenouspeople(原住民)protectingtheearthas8.________(they)wayoflifewer

ethepioneers.Iwishthateveryonewouldseetheclimatecrisisthiswayandtakeit9.________(serious)aswell.Itisn'tjustpolarbearsandplastic

bags10.________anissuethatwilldeterminethefutureoflife.So,actually,everydayisEarthDay.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过描写地

球日来引出保护地球的话题，号召人们每天做出努力来保护地球。1.walked考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空中的词为谓语动词，再根据时间状语“Ahalf-centuryago”可知，应用一般过去时，故填walked。2.

response考查固定搭配。inresponseto为固定短语，意为“响应，应对”，故填response。3.leading考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，空中的词在句中作结果状语，和修饰语之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填leading。4.tosuffer考查不定式。

分析句子结构可知，空中的词在句中作定语，修饰first，表示“将要”，应用不定式，故填tosuffer。5.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“5.________therearemorepollutant

s,forexample,andtheymaynotbeabletoaffordfreshgreenfoods”为非限制性定语从句，关系词修饰前面的地点，在从句中作状语，故填where。6.a考查固定搭配。

makeadifference为固定短语，意为“对„„有影响”。故填a。7.efforts考查名词。分析句子可知，空中的词作表语，并且有many修饰，应用名词复数，故填efforts。8.their考查代词。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰名词，应用形容词性物主代词，故填th

eir。9.seriously考查副词。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰动词take，应用副词形式，故填seriously。10.but考查固定搭配。not...but...意为“不是„„而是„„”符合语境，but表示转折，but前后通常使用平行的结构。故填but。B(202

0·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesem

oongoddess—1.________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2.________(extreme)

challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethe

mooninaspot3.________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4.________(interesting)tos

cientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5.________thefamiliarnearside.Chineseresearchershopetousetheinstru

mentsonboardChang'e-46.________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscient

ists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7.________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthem

oon8.________(construct)．”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow9.________iceandothertreasuresitcontains,co

uldhelpChinadecidewhether10.________(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国的航天壮举：成为首个让无人探测器——“嫦娥四号”在

月球背面软着陆的国家。1.touched考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；根据时间状语lastweek可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填touched。2.extremely考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用于修饰形容词challe

nging，应用副词，故填extremely。3.where考查定语从句。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词spot，且引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。4.interest考查词性转换。

根据句意可知，此处应为“be＋of＋n.”结构，相当于“be＋adj.”，故填interest。5.than考查连词。结合上文中的“Thefarsideofthemoon”和“more”及下文中的“thefam

iliarnearside”可知，此处含有对比关系，对比月球的背面和正面，应用than连接两个比较对象。故填than。6.tofind考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成usesth.todo...结构，意为“使用某物做„„”。故填tofi

nd。7.means考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和上文中的“Thisreallyexcitesscientists”可知，此处表述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语为it，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，故填means。8.

isconstructed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语themoon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且themoon为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填isconstructed

。9.much考查限定词。根据语境可知，此处应表示“多少”，且ice为不可数名词，故填much。10.its考查代词。此处修饰空后的名词plans，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.不论多么艰苦，我们都应努力适应新环境。(noma

tterhow)Nomatterhowharditis,weshouldtryourbesttogetaccustomedtothenewsurroundings.2.这次可怕的经历好像已经给小女孩留下了阴影。(seem)Theterribleexperiencese

emedtohavecastashadowonthelittlegirl.3.在他看来，弹钢琴并不比弹吉他难。(nomorethan)Inhisopinion,playingthepianoisnomoredifficultthanplayingtheguitar.4.我要面对

一个如此困难的问题。(such)SuchadifficultquestiondoIhavetoface.5.人们相信行动胜于一切。(believe)Itisbelievedthattheactionsspeaklou

derthananythingelse.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解OnFebruary6,2020,AmericanastronautChristinaKocharrivedbackonEarthafter328day

sinspace.Hertimeinspaceisjustoneoftherecordssetbyherself.That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman,andjustoneofthemanythingsMsKochachievedin

space.MsKochtookofffromEarthfortheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)onMarch12,2019.Whileinspace,shemade5，248tripsaroundtheEa

rth,travelling2，237millionkilometres,whichisroughlythesameas291tripstotheMoonandback.Duringher11monthsontheISS,MsKochtookpartinsixspacewalks

,spendingover42hoursinalloutsidethestation.InOctoberof2019,MsKochledthefirsteverall-femalespacewalkwi

thJessicaMeir.Butformostastronauts,spacetravelisn'taboutsettingrecords.It'saboutdoingscience.MsKochtookpartinawidevarietyofspecialexperiment

s,includingstudyinghowcrystals(晶体)growinspace,howatoms(原子)behaveinextremecoldandlearningmoreaboutgrowingplantsinlowgravit

y.Growingplantsinspacecouldbeanimportantwaytoprovidefoodonfuturetrips.Shealsotestedanewwayofseparatingliquidsf

romgases.Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace,whichcouldbeveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.MsKochi

sn'tjustascientistandastronaut.Sheisalsobeingstudied.She'spartofaNASAprogrammestudyinghowastronautsareaffectedbybeinginspaceforlongperiodsoft

ime.Hertripwasonly12daysshorterthantheAmericanrecordsetbyScottKellyin2016.AstheydidwithMrKelly,NASAscientistsarelookingcarefullyat

waysMsKoch'sbodyhasbeenaffectedbyhertimeinspace.ThatresearchisimportantforthelongerspacetripsNASAhopestomakeinthefuture,suchasforabaseontheMoonoratri

ptoMars.1.WhichofthefollowingisanachievementMsKochhasmade?A.Makingthelongestspaceflightbyherself.B.Leadingthefirstwomen­onlyspacewal

k.C.Cleaningwaterandairsuccessfullyinspace.D.StayingoutsidetheISScontinuouslyfor42hours.2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotel

luswithsomanydetailedfiguresinParagraph2?A.Kochmadehistoricbreakthroughsinspace.B.Kochwentthroughalife­threateningspacetrip.C.Kochcompleted

admirabletasksinthespacetravel.D.KochisthemostexperiencedastronautinNASA.3.Whichstatementagreeswiththet

ext?A.Astronautsarecompetingtosetnewrecords.B.Koch'steamproducedtheirownfoodinspace.C.NASAhasfoundeda

scientificbaseontheMoon.D.Koch'sresearchissignificantforspaceexploration.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Record­SettingAstronautKochRet

urnstoEarthB.USAstronautsCarriedoutExperimentsinSpaceC.SpacewalksHaveSuccessfullyBeenDoneontheISSD.N

ASAisStudyingAstronautsforLongerSpaceTrips【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士做了创纪录太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。

1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“InOctoberof2019,MsKochledthefirsteverall­femalespacewalkwithJessicaMeir.”可知，Koch女士领导了第一次只有女性的太空旅行。故选B。2.C推

理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“That'sthelongestspaceflightevermadebyawoman,andjustoneofthemanythingsMsKochachievedinsp

ace.”及第二段用大量的数字列举了她在太空旅行中完成了很多令人敬佩的任务可知，选项C符合题意。故选C。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Thisexperimentcouldleadtosimplemethodsofcleaningwaterandairinspace,whichcould

beveryimportantforfuturespacetravel.”可知，她的研究对于未来的空间探索具有重要意义。故选D。4.A标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国宇航员Koch女士做了创纪录的太空飞行之后返回了地球，以及她为太空飞行所做出的巨大贡献。故

选A。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2021·重庆九校联考)Inspringtime,manyAmericanstakeonamajorproject:cleaningtheirhomesfromtoptobottom.Weoftencallthiskindofwo

rk“springcleaning”.Partofspringcleaningofteninvolvesclearingoutclutter(杂物).Wedoawaywiththingswenolongerneed.IfwearetobelievethemanystoriesonMari

eKondo,theQueenofClean,clutteraddsunnecessarystresstoourlives.Clutterisholdingusbackfromourdreamsandgoal

s.1Anexpertonthesubject,SabineKastnerofPrincetonUniversity,hasbeenstudyinghowthebrainprocessesclutterfor20years.Themedia,

Kastnersays,oftenwritesaboutclutterinaverysimple,black­and­whiteway:Clutteraffectsthemindandweneedtoclearitout.Butitismuchmor

ecomplexthanthat.Forstarters,ourbrainsaredesignedtodealwithclutter.Veryearlyinthedevelopmentofoureyesight,webeg

intogroupobjectsthatwesee.2AccordingtoKastner,thereisnotaone­size­fits­allsolution.3Infact,somepeopleneedtoseetheirwork.Ifs

omethingiscarefullyputaway,tothemitdoesnotexistanymore.Outofsight,outofmind.Forotherpeople,objectscanstimulatetheirc

reativityandgivethemideas.4Kastnernotesthatsomepeoplemaygetdistractedbyhavinglotsofthingsaroundthem.Thesepeoplemayneedmoreorganisationsandles

scluttertoworkwell.5Whethertheareaisclutteredorclear—theyworkthesame.Andforothersitmaydependontheproject.Fo

radministrativework,theymightneedaclearworkspace.Butformorecreativeprojects,theymayneedmanythingsaroundthem.Itiscomplex.A.Butisittrue?B.Whatisworki

ngandwhatisnot?C.Somepeopledonotcareeitherway.D.Thishelpsustostructureourenvironment.E.Peopleneedtobeabletodesigntheirworkplaces.F.Theideathatanun

clutteredworkplaceisbetter,isnotuniversallytrue.G.However,otherpeopleareunabletoworkinaclutteredenvironmen

t.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。一项研究表明，杂乱的工作环境对人的影响因人而异，并非所有的杂乱都是坏事。1.A空格前的“Clutterisholdingusbackfromourdreamsandg

oals.”与下文观点“Butitismuchmorecomplexthanthat.”形成矛盾，因此作者质疑此观点，故选A。2.D根据前一句“Forstarters,ourbrainsaredesigned

todealwithclutter.Veryearlyinthedevelopmentofoureyesight,webegintogroupobjectsthatwesee.”可知，下一句应该讲述大脑处理混乱的能力所带来的好处，故选D。3.F根据前一句“AccordingtoKastner,t

hereisnotaone­size­fits­allsolution.”可知，并不是每个人都认可工作环境越整洁越好的观点，故选F。4.G根据下一句“Kastnernotesthatsomepeoplemay

getdistractedbyhavinglotsofthingsaroundthem.”可知，本段主要讲述有一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作，故选G。5.C根据第四段和第五段内容可知，对于一些人来说，物品可

以激发他们的创造力，给他们灵感；而另一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作，再由所给空格的下一句“Whethertheareaisclutteredorclear—theyworkthesame.”可知，还有一些人并不关心工作的环境是凌乱还是整洁，故选C。Ⅲ.应用文写作假如你是

李华，你的英国笔友Jean来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈你最喜欢的网站或app及理由。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_____________________________________________

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_____________________________________________【参考范文】DearJean，GladtoknowthatyouareinterestedinwhatChine

seteenagersliketodoonline,Iamwritingtotellyoumoreaboutit.Assmartphoneshavebeenwidelyused,manyteenagersprefersurf

ingonlinewiththeirphones.ShoppingonlineandchattingwithfriendsviaWeChatorQQarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Asforme,IlikeanAlipayappcalledth

eAntForest,whichencouragesuserstoadoptlow­carbonactivities.IhaveagreatsenseofachievementwhenIturntheenergyfromlow­ca

rbonlifeintorealtreesthroughit.Areyouusingthisapp?Whataboutyourfavouriteapplication?Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours，LiHuaⅣ

.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Carllosthisjob.Hetriedtofindanotheronebutitwasn'teasy.Thepoorfellowcouldn'tpayh

isbillsbecausehehadsolittlemoney,andhecouldn'taskanybodytolendhimany.Carlspenthisdaysathome.Helookedoutofthewindowandwatchedhisne

ighbour'shouse.Anoldprofessorlivedtherealone.Strangely,henevertalkedtohisneighbours.Carlcouldseeintothep

rofessor'shousebecauseheneverdrewthecurtain.Theroomswerefullofantiquefurnitureandvases.Carlthought,“Whyhave

n'tIgotanantiquevase?Icouldsellitforalotofmoney.”EverydayCarlsawtheprofessor.Heleftat10o'clockinthemorningandcam

ehomeat4o'clock.Hehadadog.Carloftenwenttothefenceandplayedwithitorgaveitapieceofmeat.OnedayCarlthought,“Iwillgointotheprofessor'sho

useandstealavase.Iwillbreakthewindowandclimbin.Thedogisnotaproblem.”Therewasanoldguninthecellar.Ithadb

eenhisgreatgrandfather'sfavouritethingalongtimebefore.Carldidn'twanttousethegunbuthethought,“Anythingcoul

dhappen.”Hewantedtohidethegununderhiscoatbutitwastoolongsohecuttheendoffwithasaw.Thenextmorninghewatchedtheprofessorleavinghomeat10o'cl

ock.Carlclimbedoverthefence.ThedograntohimandCarlgaveitabigbone.Hethrewapieceofstonethroughthewindow,whichbroke.Itwasn'thigh.Hecouldclimbint

othehouseeasily.Helookedaroundinside.Therewerepaintingsonthewalls,smallfiguresandvasesontheshelvesandthefloor.Carldidn'

tknowmuchaboutarts.Hecouldn'tchoose.Hereachedhishandstowardsabigvasewhenheheardanoise.Thefrontdooropenedandsomeoneenteredthe

house.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Itwastheprofessor.Hehadleftanimportantdocumentathome.___________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________Theprofessorwasmuchscared._______________________

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_______________________________________________________【参考范文】Itwastheprofessor.Hehadleftanimportantdocumentathome.Carl

becamesoafraidthathepulledoutthegunwithoutasecondthought.Theprofessorcameintotheroomandsawhim.“Whatar

eyoudoinginmyhouse？”heaskedsurprisedlyandangrily.“Ihaven'tstolenanything.JustletmegoorIwillshoot！”criedCarl,pointingthegunattheprofessorwithhistrembl

inghands.Theprofessorwasmuchscared.Suddenlyheburstintolaughter.“Withthatgun？”askedtheprofessor.Strangely,hedidn'tseemfrightenedofCarla

nymore.Hecontinued,“Youcan'tshootwiththatantiquegun.Youshouldhaveputitinthemuseumactually.”“Isthisreallyanantiqueg

un？”askedCarl.“Howmuchisitworth？”“Itwasworthabout17，000dollars，”saidtheprofessor.“Butnowyoucanget10dollarsfor

it.”“Why？”askedCarl.Theprofessorreplied,“Because,yousee,itsendismissing.”