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课时质量评价(四十一)选择性必修第四册Unit5IntotheunknownA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空ATodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironment1.________(contai

n)iceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareawasverydifferentinthepast,2.________wasfoundinsideapieceofEart

hsediment(沉淀物)gatheredbyresearchers3.________undertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,they4.________(find)forestsoilest

imatedtobeabout90millionyearsoldandthiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainland5.________(animal).Johan

nKlages,whowastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings6.________(publish)inthejournalNature,saidthesedimentcollectionwasfrom7.________

depthofabout30metresbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialformedonland,notintheocean.TheEarthhasexperiencedi

nthepastandis8.________(current)undergoingtoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprising,becauseea

chyearthearea9.________(experience)afour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoiceshee

tswerepresentduringthetime,but10.________(season)snowfallwaslikely.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员从南极洲海岸附近的海底收集的一块泥土沉

积物中发现：这些沉积物是在陆地上形成的。1.containing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语。主语Antarctica和动词contain是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语，故填containing。2.wh

ich考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是evidence，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导，故填which。3.from考查介词。句意：但新的研究提供了证据，证明这片区域与过去大不相同，它是在研究人员从南极洲海岸附近的海底

收集的一块泥土沉积物中发现的。根据句意可知，空处表示“从，来自”，故填from。4.found考查动词的时态。此处讲述通过研究泥土沉积物的发现，是过去发生的事。与上下文时态一致，用一般过去时，故填found。5.an

imals考查名词的单复数。animal是单数可数名词，与主语dinosaurs和系动词were一致用复数，故填animals。6.published考查过去分词。句中findings和动词publish之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，指这些发现被出版，故填published。7.a考

查冠词。此处指收集的沉积物来自海床下大约30米的深度，adepthof...表示“„„的深度”，故填a。8.currently考查副词。修饰动词undergoing用副词，故填currently。9.experie

nces考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“eachyear”可知，应用一般现在时，主语thearea表示单数意义，谓语动词与之一致用第三人称单数形式，故填experiences。10.se

asonal考查形容词。此处表示季节性降雪，修饰名词snowfall用形容词，故填seasonal。BFacechangingisused1.________(express)thechangingemotionsof

charactersinSichuanOpera.Chinahasanabundanceof1，300localoperas.SichuanOperaisoneofthe2.________(old)localoperasandisthemostimport

antandmostinterestingoperaformfromSouthwesternChina.Theoperaischaracterisedbyits3.________(fun)comediansanduniqueski

lls:facechanging,spittingfireandrollinglight.Facechangingisanimportantintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inChina.Sofar,onlyafewmasters4.____

____(grasp)thisskill.Theyknow5.________tochangeSichuanOperamasksinaflash.Astheywavetheirarmsandtwisttheirheads,theirpaintedmaskschangeagai

nandagain.Facechanginggotitsstart300yearsago.In6.________beginning,operamasterschangedthecolouroftheirfaceduringpe

rformancesby7.________(blow)intoabowlofred,blackorgoldpowder.Thepowderwouldsticktotheiroiledskin8.________(quick).Bythe1920s,operamastersbegan

usinglayersofmasks9.________(make)ofoiledpaper.Themasterscouldpeeloneafteranotheralmostimmediately.Atpresentt

hemastersusepaintedsilkmasks,10.________canbeworninlayers,asmanyastwodozen,andbepulledoffonebyone.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。变脸是川剧的特技之一，用以表达人物的情

感变化。1.toexpress考查固定用法。beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做某事”。2.oldest考查形容词的最高级。“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”意为“最„„的„„之一”。3.funny考查形容词。设空处修饰comedians,表示“有趣的”，故填funny。4.h

avegrasped考查动词的时态。由前面的“Sofar”可知，应用现在完成时，故填havegrasped。5.how考查疑问词。know后是一个“疑问词＋不定式”结构，且设空处表示方式，故填how。6.the考查冠词。inthebeginning意为“起初”。故填the。7.

blowing考查固定用法。介词by后需用动词-ing形式作宾语，故填blowing。8.quickly考查副词。设空处修饰动词stick,表示“迅速地”，故填quickly。9.made考查非谓语动词。make和masks之间是逻辑上的

动宾关系，且make所表示的动作已经完成，故填made。10.which考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明masks,且在从句中作主语，故填which。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.因为对顾客粗鲁，这个年轻人很可能会被解雇。(Iti

s...that)Itispossible/likelythattheyoungmanwillbedismissedbecauseofhisrudenesstothecustomer.2.不论你的梦想是什么，你都需要努力去实现它。(whatever)Whateveryourdreamis,y

oushouldworkhardtorealiseit.3.为什么运河被埋上了依然是一个谜。(why＋从句)Whythecanalwasburiedisstillamystery.4.他对一切都感到好奇的事

实使他有了自己的发明。(fact)Thefactthathewascuriousabouteverythingcontributedtohisinvention.5.你没必要为你儿子担心。(thereisnoneed...)

Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutyourson.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Theuniverseisexpandingfasterthanitusedto,meaningit'saboutabilli

onyearsyoungerthanwethought,anewstudybyaNobelPrizewinnersays.AtissueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalculationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpandin

g.Somescientistscallitthemostimportantnumberincosmology,thestudyoftheoriginanddevelopmentoftheuniverse.UsingNASA'SHubbleSpa

ceTelescope,theJohnsHopkinsUniversityastronomerAdamRiessconcludedinTheAstrophysicalJournalthatthefigureis9%hi

gherthanthepreviouscalculation,whichwasbasedonstudyingleftoversfromtheBigBang.ThetroubleisRiessandothersthinkbothcalculations

arecorrect.Confused?That'sOK,soaretheexperts.Theyfindtheconflictsoconfusingthattheyaretalkingaboutcomin

gupwith“newphysics”，incorporating(合作)perhapssomeyet-to-be-discoveredparticleorothercosmic(宇宙)“fudgefactors”likedarkenergyordarkmatter

.“It'slookingmoreandmorelikeweweregoingtoneedsomethingnewtoexplainthis，”saidRiess,whowonthe2011Nobelinphysics.NASAastrophysicistJohnM

ather,anotherNobelwinner,saidthisleavestwoobviousoptions,“1.We'remakingmistakeswecan'tfindyet.2.Naturehassomethingwecan't

findyet.”Evenwiththediscovery,lifecontinuesonEarththewayitalwayshas.Buttoastrophysiciststryingtogetahandleonourpla

ceinthisexpandinguniverse,thisisacosmicconcern.Infact,theuniverseisreallymystical(神秘的).Scientistshavedone

lotsofstudyaboutitbutthereisstillmuchtheyhaven'tdiscovered.1.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A.TheEarthisyoungerthanexpected.B.Manyuniversalproblemsa

rerising.C.Theuniverseisgrowingfasterthanbefore.D.Thefindingisbasedonpastscientists'calculations.2.Whatdoestheunderl

inedword“it”refertoinParagraph2?A.TheHubbleconstant.B.Thefasterexpandinguniverse.C.Thedevelopmentoftheuniverse.D.Thescientificresearchonth

euniverse.3.HowdotheexpertsrespondtotheconflictofthefindinginParagraph4?A.Theywanttoraiseanewtheory.B

.Theywanttoexploredarkmatter.C.Theywanttofurthercalculatethefinding.D.Theywanttomixtogetherbothcalculations.4.Whatcanwe

inferfromJohnMather'swords?A.Wecannotfindanythinguseful.B.Astronomersaremakingmanymistakes.C.Weneedtolearnabouttheuniver

se.D.Wecannotfindsomethingnewfromnature.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现宇宙比我们想象的要年轻10亿年。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，一位诺贝尔奖得主的一项新研究称，宇宙比过去膨胀得更快，这意味着

它比我们想象的要年轻10亿年，故A项正确。2.A代词指代题。根据画线词前的“AtissueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalculationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.”可知，

争论的焦点是一个被称为哈勃常数的数字，它是用来计算宇宙膨胀速度的，因此此处是说一些科学家把哈勃常数称为宇宙学中最重要的数字。由此可知it指代的就是前面提到的“哈勃常数”，故A项正确。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theyfindtheconflictsoconfus

ingthattheyaretalkingaboutcomingupwith‘newphysics’”可知，他们发现这种冲突是如此令人困惑，以至于他们正在讨论“新物理学”理论(想提出一种新理论)，故A项正确。4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第

二段内容可知，约翰·马瑟的话表明我们对宇宙的了解还不够，需要进一步了解宇宙，故C项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Theyear79ADwouldhaveseemed—just,likeanyotheryearintheRomancityofPompeii.Ea

chday,thestreetswerefilledwiththesoundsofbusyshopsandcustomersenjoyingthecity'smanycafes.1Noonegavean

ythoughttoMountVesuvius,avolcanoclosetoPompeii.Vesuviushadbeeninactiveforyears.Thesoilinthatareawasgoodforagriculture.2Butthesleepingmount

ainwasabouttowakeup...Theeruptionwhenithappened,wasunlikeanythingwitnessedbefore.Ahugecloudofhotashrockroseintotheai

r,coveringthesurroundingarea.Ayoungmanwatchingfromadistance,recordedhowthethickdarkcloudspreadeveryw

here.3Theytookwhattheycouldastheytriedtogetawayfromthecity.Butmanyweretrappedbyfallingbuildings.Suddenly,therewasapowerful

flowofgas,ashandrock.ItmoveddownVesuviusataspeedofabout450kilometresanhour.4Thecitywascoveredbyuptosix

metresofash.Pompeiibecameacityfrozenintime.5Manybodieshavebeenfoundinthesamepositionsinwhichtheyfell.Workco

ntinuestouncovertherestofthecity—andtheancientstoriesithastotell.A.Pompeiiwasleftintotaldarkness.B.Thecit

ywasrediscoveredinthemid­18thcentury.C.ThepeopleofPompeiihadnoreasontofearthevolcano.D.Peoplebathedandchattedhappilyintheb

eautifullybuiltbaths.E.Hedescribedhowpeoplewerefrightenedbythesuddendisaster.F.WhenitreachedPompeii,itimmediatelykilledanyoneinits

path.G.Smoke,mud,flamesandburningstonesspewedfromthesummitofthemountain.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了公元79年罗马庞贝城维苏威火山突然爆发带来的

巨大灾难。1.D该段第一句提到“公元79年的罗马庞贝城本该和其他任何一年一样。”，空前一句描述庞贝城日常的生活情景，选项D“人们在建造精美的浴池里愉快地沐浴和聊天。”也是描述庞贝城中人们的日常生活，顺承空前一句的话题。故选D。2.C空前一句提到“维苏威火山已经停止

活动多年了”，空前一句说明原因，选项C“庞贝人没有理由去担心沉睡的火山。”说明结果。选项C顺承上文的话题。故选C。3.E选项E“他描述了人们是如何被突如其来的灾难所吓到的。”与上文“一个年轻人从远处观察着，记录下

了浓浓的乌云是如何四处蔓延的。”为承接关系。选项E中He指代上一句中的“Ayoungman”。故选E。4.F选项F“当它到达庞贝城时，它立刻杀死了流经路上的人。”与上文“它以每小时450公里的速度向维苏威火山移动。”为

承接关系。选项F中的it和空前一句中的it都是指代“apowerfulflowofgas,ashandrock”。故选F。5.B选项B“这座城市在18世纪中叶被重新发现。”与下文“许多尸体都是在他们倒下的地方

被发现的。”为承接关系。选项B中的“rediscovered”与下文中的“havebeenfound”和“uncover”语义相同，是词汇复现。故选B。