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课时质量评价(四十一)选择性必修第四册Unit5IntotheunknownA组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空ATodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironment1.____

____(contain)iceandsnow.Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareawasverydifferentinthepast,2.________wasfoundinsideapieceofEarthsediment(沉淀

物)gatheredbyresearchers3.________undertheseaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,they4.________(find)forestsoilestimatedto

beabout90millionyearsoldandthiswouldhavebeenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainland5.________(animal

).JohannKlages,whowastheleadwriterofastudyonthefindings6.________(publish)inthejournalNature,saidthesedimentcollectionwas

from7.________depthofabout30metresbelowtheoceanfloor.Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialformedonland,notintheocean.Th

eEarthhasexperiencedinthepastandis8.________(current)undergoingtoday.TheresearcherssaidthattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallys

urprising,becauseeachyearthearea9.________(experience)afour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisnosunlighttofuelplantlife.Klag

essaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthetime,but10.________(season)snowfallwaslikely.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员从南极洲海岸附

近的海底收集的一块泥土沉积物中发现：这些沉积物是在陆地上形成的。1.containing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语。主语Antarctica和动词contain是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语，故填co

ntaining。2.which考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是evidence，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导，故填which。3.from考查介词。句意：但新的研究提供了证据，证明这片区域与过去大不相同，它是在研究人员从南极

洲海岸附近的海底收集的一块泥土沉积物中发现的。根据句意可知，空处表示“从，来自”，故填from。4.found考查动词的时态。此处讲述通过研究泥土沉积物的发现，是过去发生的事。与上下文时态一致，用一般过去时，故填found。5.animals考查名词的单复数。anim

al是单数可数名词，与主语dinosaurs和系动词were一致用复数，故填animals。6.published考查过去分词。句中findings和动词publish之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，指

这些发现被出版，故填published。7.a考查冠词。此处指收集的沉积物来自海床下大约30米的深度，adepthof...表示“„„的深度”，故填a。8.currently考查副词。修饰动词undergoing用副词，故填currently。9.experience

s考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“eachyear”可知，应用一般现在时，主语thearea表示单数意义，谓语动词与之一致用第三人称单数形式，故填experiences。10.seasonal考查形容词。此处表示季节性降雪，修饰名词snowfall用形容词，故填se

asonal。BFacechangingisused1.________(express)thechangingemotionsofcharactersinSichuanOpera.Chinahasanabundanceof1，300localop

eras.SichuanOperaisoneofthe2.________(old)localoperasandisthemostimportantandmostinterestingoperaformfro

mSouthwesternChina.Theoperaischaracterisedbyits3.________(fun)comediansanduniqueskills:facechanging,spittingfireandrollingli

ght.Facechangingisanimportantintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inChina.Sofar,onlyafewmasters4.________(grasp)this

skill.Theyknow5.________tochangeSichuanOperamasksinaflash.Astheywavetheirarmsandtwisttheirheads,theirpaintedmaskschangeagainandaga

in.Facechanginggotitsstart300yearsago.In6.________beginning,operamasterschangedthecolouroftheirfaceduringperformancesby7.________

(blow)intoabowlofred,blackorgoldpowder.Thepowderwouldsticktotheiroiledskin8.________(quick).Bythe1920s,operamastersbeganusinglayer

sofmasks9.________(make)ofoiledpaper.Themasterscouldpeeloneafteranotheralmostimmediately.Atpresentthemastersusepainte

dsilkmasks,10.________canbeworninlayers,asmanyastwodozen,andbepulledoffonebyone.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。变脸是川剧的特技之一，用以表达人物的情感变化

。1.toexpress考查固定用法。beusedtodosth.意为“被用来做某事”。2.oldest考查形容词的最高级。“oneofthe＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”意为“最„„的„„之一”。3.funny考查形容词。设空处修饰comedian

s,表示“有趣的”，故填funny。4.havegrasped考查动词的时态。由前面的“Sofar”可知，应用现在完成时，故填havegrasped。5.how考查疑问词。know后是一个“疑问词＋不定式”结构，且设空处表示方式，故填how。6.the考查冠词。inthebeginnin

g意为“起初”。故填the。7.blowing考查固定用法。介词by后需用动词-ing形式作宾语，故填blowing。8.quickly考查副词。设空处修饰动词stick,表示“迅速地”，故填quickly。9.made考查非谓语动词。make

和masks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且make所表示的动作已经完成，故填made。10.which考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明masks,且在从句中作主语，故填which。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.因为对顾

客粗鲁，这个年轻人很可能会被解雇。(Itis...that)Itispossible/likelythattheyoungmanwillbedismissedbecauseofhisrudenesstothecustomer.2.不论你

的梦想是什么，你都需要努力去实现它。(whatever)Whateveryourdreamis,youshouldworkhardtorealiseit.3.为什么运河被埋上了依然是一个谜。(why＋从句)Whythecanalwasburiedi

sstillamystery.4.他对一切都感到好奇的事实使他有了自己的发明。(fact)Thefactthathewascuriousabouteverythingcontributedtohisinv

ention.5.你没必要为你儿子担心。(thereisnoneed...)Thereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutyourson.B组·能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解Theuniverseisexpandingfasterthanitusedto,meaningit'sab

outabillionyearsyoungerthanwethought,anewstudybyaNobelPrizewinnersays.AtissueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalcul

ationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.Somescientistscallitthemostimportantnumberincosmology,thestudyoftheoriginandde

velopmentoftheuniverse.UsingNASA'SHubbleSpaceTelescope,theJohnsHopkinsUniversityastronomerAdamRiessconcludedinTheAstrophysicalJournalthatthef

igureis9%higherthanthepreviouscalculation,whichwasbasedonstudyingleftoversfromtheBigBang.ThetroubleisRiessandothersthinkbothca

lculationsarecorrect.Confused?That'sOK,soaretheexperts.Theyfindtheconflictsoconfusingthattheyaretalkin

gaboutcomingupwith“newphysics”，incorporating(合作)perhapssomeyet-to-be-discoveredparticleorothercosmic(宇宙)“fudgefactors”liked

arkenergyordarkmatter.“It'slookingmoreandmorelikeweweregoingtoneedsomethingnewtoexplainthis，”saidRiess,whowonthe

2011Nobelinphysics.NASAastrophysicistJohnMather,anotherNobelwinner,saidthisleavestwoobviousoptions,“1.We'remakingmistakeswecan'tfindyet.2.Naturehass

omethingwecan'tfindyet.”Evenwiththediscovery,lifecontinuesonEarththewayitalwayshas.Buttoastrophysiciststryingtogetahandleonourplaceinthisexpandin

guniverse,thisisacosmicconcern.Infact,theuniverseisreallymystical(神秘的).Scientistshavedonelotsofstudyaboutitbutthereisstillmuc

htheyhaven'tdiscovered.1.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A.TheEarthisyoungerthanexpected.B.Manyuniversalproblemsarerising.C.Theuniverseisgrowingfas

terthanbefore.D.Thefindingisbasedonpastscientists'calculations.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph2?A.TheHu

bbleconstant.B.Thefasterexpandinguniverse.C.Thedevelopmentoftheuniverse.D.Thescientificresearchontheuniverse.3.How

dotheexpertsrespondtotheconflictofthefindinginParagraph4?A.Theywanttoraiseanewtheory.B.Theywanttoexploredarkmatter.C.Theywa

nttofurthercalculatethefinding.D.Theywanttomixtogetherbothcalculations.4.WhatcanweinferfromJohnMather'swords?A.Wecannotf

indanythinguseful.B.Astronomersaremakingmanymistakes.C.Weneedtolearnabouttheuniverse.D.Wecannotfindsomethingnewfromnature.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现宇宙比我们想象的

要年轻10亿年。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，一位诺贝尔奖得主的一项新研究称，宇宙比过去膨胀得更快，这意味着它比我们想象的要年轻10亿年，故A项正确。2.A代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Atiss

ueisanumbercalledtheHubbleconstant,acalculationforhowfasttheuniverseisexpanding.”可知，争论的焦点是一个被称为哈勃常数的数字，它是用来计算宇宙膨

胀速度的，因此此处是说一些科学家把哈勃常数称为宇宙学中最重要的数字。由此可知it指代的就是前面提到的“哈勃常数”，故A项正确。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theyfindtheconflictsoconfusing

thattheyaretalkingaboutcomingupwith‘newphysics’”可知，他们发现这种冲突是如此令人困惑，以至于他们正在讨论“新物理学”理论(想提出一种新理论)，故A项正确。4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，约翰·马瑟的话表明我们对宇宙

的了解还不够，需要进一步了解宇宙，故C项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Theyear79ADwouldhaveseemed—just,likeanyotheryearintheRomancityofPompeii.Eachday,thestreetswerefilledwiththesounds

ofbusyshopsandcustomersenjoyingthecity'smanycafes.1NoonegaveanythoughttoMountVesuvius,avolcanoclosetoPompe

ii.Vesuviushadbeeninactiveforyears.Thesoilinthatareawasgoodforagriculture.2Butthesleepingmountainwasabouttowakeup...Theeruptionwhenithappe

ned,wasunlikeanythingwitnessedbefore.Ahugecloudofhotashrockroseintotheair,coveringthesurroundingarea.Ayoungmanwatchingfromadist

ance,recordedhowthethickdarkcloudspreadeverywhere.3Theytookwhattheycouldastheytriedtogetawayfromthecity.Butmanyweretrappedbyfalling

buildings.Suddenly,therewasapowerfulflowofgas,ashandrock.ItmoveddownVesuviusataspeedofabout450kilometresanhour.4Thecitywascoveredbyuptosixmetres

ofash.Pompeiibecameacityfrozenintime.5Manybodieshavebeenfoundinthesamepositionsinwhichtheyfell.Workcontinuestouncoverthe

restofthecity—andtheancientstoriesithastotell.A.Pompeiiwasleftintotaldarkness.B.Thecitywasrediscoveredinthemid­18thcentury.C.Thep

eopleofPompeiihadnoreasontofearthevolcano.D.Peoplebathedandchattedhappilyinthebeautifullybuiltbaths.E.Hedescr

ibedhowpeoplewerefrightenedbythesuddendisaster.F.WhenitreachedPompeii,itimmediatelykilledanyoneinitspath.G.Smoke,mud,fla

mesandburningstonesspewedfromthesummitofthemountain.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了公元79年罗马庞贝城维苏威火山突然爆发带来的巨大灾难。1.D该段第一句提到“公元79年的罗马庞贝城本该和其他任

何一年一样。”，空前一句描述庞贝城日常的生活情景，选项D“人们在建造精美的浴池里愉快地沐浴和聊天。”也是描述庞贝城中人们的日常生活，顺承空前一句的话题。故选D。2.C空前一句提到“维苏威火山已经停止活动多年了”，空前一句说明原因，选项C“庞贝人没有理由去担心沉睡的火山。”说明结果。

选项C顺承上文的话题。故选C。3.E选项E“他描述了人们是如何被突如其来的灾难所吓到的。”与上文“一个年轻人从远处观察着，记录下了浓浓的乌云是如何四处蔓延的。”为承接关系。选项E中He指代上一句中的“Ayoung

man”。故选E。4.F选项F“当它到达庞贝城时，它立刻杀死了流经路上的人。”与上文“它以每小时450公里的速度向维苏威火山移动。”为承接关系。选项F中的it和空前一句中的it都是指代“apowerfulf

lowofgas,ashandrock”。故选F。5.B选项B“这座城市在18世纪中叶被重新发现。”与下文“许多尸体都是在他们倒下的地方被发现的。”为承接关系。选项B中的“rediscovered”与下文中的“hav

ebeenfound”和“uncover”语义相同，是词汇复现。故选B。