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课时质量评价(二十七)选择性必修第二册Unit3Timeschange!A组·基础巩固Ⅰ.语法填空ATechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericans1.________(live)inthe1

990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertainment,commerce,research,andcommunication2.________(become)com

monplaceintheUS.ThedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasaninnovationpopularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringt

he1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggested3.________advantageofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfroman

otherterminal.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.Oneearlyprob

lemfacedbyInternetuserswasspeed.Phone4.________(line)couldonlytransmitinformationatalimitedrate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-

optic(光纤)cablesallowedbillionsofbitsofinformation5.________(receive)everyminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalco

mputerscouldprocesstheincomingsignalsmore6.________(rapid)．Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,7.________commercialpurposes.C

orporationscreatedhomepages8.________theycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hotelreservationsandevencarscouldbepu

rchasedonline.UniversitiespostedresearchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind9.________(value)informationwithoutleavingtheir

dormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeandsubmittedonline,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnal

ivingfromhomeofficesunshavenand10.________(wear)pajamas(睡衣)．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了20世纪90年代科技的发展与变化。1.living考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知空格所

在处作Americans的后置定语，Americans与live之间为主动关系，故填living。2.became考查动词的时态。此句中Duringthisdecade指20世纪90年代，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，

故填became。3.the考查冠词。句意：以防受到攻击，军事顾问建议使用这样的优势，可以从另一个终端操作一台电脑。advantage为特指，故填the。4.lines考查名词的单复数。line是可数名词，在句中作主语，故填lines。5.tobereceived考查非谓语动词。allow...

todosth.表示“允许„„做某事”；billionsofbitsofinformation和receive之间是被动关系，故填tobereceived。6.rapidly考查副词。句中rapid作状语，修饰动词process，故填rapidly。7

.for考查介词。句意：在20世纪90年代早期，人们研发出了万维网。这在很大程度上是为了商业目的。for表示目的，故填for。8.where考查定语从句。先行词homepages在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。9.valuable考查形容词。修饰名词in

formation，应用形容词，故填valuable。10.wearing考查非谓语动词。wearpajamas在句中作伴随状语，和主语awholenewclassoftelecommuters之间是主

动关系，故填wearing。BSince1972,morethan800culturalsitesthatarethoughttobeofspecialimportancetohumanhistoryandcul

ture1.________(add)totheWorldHeritageSiteList.TheTajMahalinIndiaandtheImperialTombsoftheMingandQingDynastiesi

nChinaaretwoofthebestknown2.________(example)．TheTajMahal,3.________wasbuiltbetween1631and1648,is4.________(apparent)amasterpieceofarc

hitecture.Ittookmorethan20，000workersand1，000elephants5.________(complete)theproject.BuildingtheTajMahalwasalab

ouroflove.Itwasbuiltinmemoryoftheemperor'sbelovedwife.IftheTajMahalisa6.________(celebrate)oftheheart,thentheImperialTombsoftheMingandQ

ingDynastiesare7.________monumenttothemindandspirit.8.________(build)byseveralemperorsbetween1368and1915,theImper

ialTombsrepresentChineseculturalandhistoricalvalues.Humanlifelastsonlyashorttime9.________artandculturelastforever.TheUNESCOWorldCulturalHe

ritageSitesprogrammeattemptstopreservethebestofhumanhistory.MasterpiecessuchastheTajMahalandtheImperialTombso

ftheMingandQingDynastiesremindus10.________whatwecanachieveatourfinest,andinspireustoliveuptoourgreatpastinthefut

ure.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。自从1972年以来，800多个文化遗址被列入世界遗产名录。印度的泰姬陵和中国的明清皇陵就是最著名的两个例子。1.havebeenadded考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语Since1972可知，应用现在完成时态，且主语culturalsites与谓语

动词add之间是被动关系，故填havebeenadded。2.examples考查名词的单复数。example为可数名词，根据空前的twoof可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填examples。3.which考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词TheTajMahal，且关系词

在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which，故填which。4.apparently考查副词。修饰句子要用副词apparently，故填apparently。5.tocomplete考查非谓语动词。Ittakessb.sometimet

odosth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故填tocomplete。6.celebration考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填celebration。7.a考查冠词。根据空后可数名词的单

数形式monument可知，前面要用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，且monument以辅音音素开头，故填a。8.Built考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，build在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语theImperialTombs之间是被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式作状语。因为位于

句首，所以首字母大写。故填Built。9.but考查连词。句意：人的生命只持续很短的一段时间，但是艺术和文化会永远延续。根据句意可知，前后句为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。10.of考查固定用法

。remindsb.ofsth.表示“使某人想起某事”，为固定表达。故填of。Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足、精力旺盛。(状语从句的省略)Whilesittingintheclassroo

manddoingmypapers,Ifeltconfidentandwasfullofenergy.2.将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。(before)Itwasnearlyadaybeforeherea

lisedhismistakesandapologisedtohisfriend,Peter.3.他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)It'snotclearwhethertheyareabletoarriveatanagreement

throughcommunicationornot.4.很多人搬去纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。(分词作状语)ManypeoplemovedtoNewYork,makingitthelargestcityintheUSA.B组·能力提升

Ⅰ.阅读理解Historiansandarchaeologistshavedefinedperiodsofhumanhistoryforcenturiesbythetechnologiesormaterialsthatmadethegr

eatestimpactonsociety.ThisincludestheStoneAge,theBronzeAge,andtheIronAge.Butwhatageareweinnow?Thatquestioncanbeansweredwit

honewordforsomeresearchers:Plastics.“Plastichasredefinedourmaterialcultureandtheartifactsweleavebehind.Itwillbefou

ndinstratified(分层的)layersinourtrashdeposits(沉积层)．”That'saccordingtoJohnMarston,anarchaeologist.Thewidevarietyofsy

ntheticpolymers(合成聚合物)wouldnotexistifitweren'tforhumanaction.Aboutsixbilliontonsofplasticshavebeenmadeandspreadaroundtheplanet.Theyhavebeensprea

dfromforeststooceanseversincethefirstplasticpolymerswereinvented.Plasticsareoneofthemostsignificantcha

ngesthathumanshavemadetotheEarth'smakeup.Mostplasticsdon'teasilydegrade.Thisonlyaddstotheproblem.Recycling

isn'tanadequatesolution.Notalltypesofplasticareeasilyrecyclable.Andthereareonlyafewrecyclingplantsthatcanprocessallvarietiesofplastic

.AccordingtoDebraWinter,writerforTheAtlantic,thismeansthatmanyofthematerialsthrownintorecyclingbinscancros

stheplanetseveraltimesbeforetheyareprocessed.Theyaremadeintorugs,sweaters,ortheyareusedtomakeotherbottles.Millionsoftonsofplasticsarerecycl

edeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.Theproblemhasreachedthepointwhereit'spossiblethatinjustafewdec

adestheremightbemoreplasticintheworld'soceansthanfishes.“Plasticshaveasupposedlifespanofover500years,soit'ssaf

etosaythateveryplasticbottleyouhaveusedexistssomewhereonthisplanet,insomeformoranother，”Winterwrites.Thedamagemayalreadybedone.Itma

ybetoolateforhumanpopulationsworldwidetochangetheirplasticusingways.SothePlasticAgemightsoontakeitsplacenexttotheBronzeAgeandtheI

ronAgeinthehistoryofhumancivilisation.1.WhydopeoplecallouragethePlasticAge?A.Becauseplasticsarenotnaturally

made.B.Becausehumanscreateplastics.C.Becauseplasticsinfluencetheworldgreatly.D.Becausehistoriansandarchaeologiststhinkso

.2.Accordingtothepassage,howaremostplasticsdealtwithcurrently?A.Theyarerecycled.B.Theyaredegraded.C.Theyarethrownaway.D.Theyaremadein

tobottles.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothePlasticAge?A.Negative.B.Ambiguous.C.Favourable.D.Unconcerned.4.Whatisthemainideaofthis

passage?A.Plasticshaveruinedourenvironment.B.Wemuststopusingplasticsaltogether.C.HumanbeingsareintheP

lasticAge.D.Plasticsaresignificanttohumandevelopment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在我们所处的时代，塑料给我们的生活带来了很大便利，但是也给环境造成了巨大损害。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段第一句

可知，历史学家和考古学家是使用对社会造成最大影响的技术或材料来界定人类历史时期的。由此可推知，我们称现在这个时代为塑料时代的原因是塑料极大地影响了世界，故C项正确。2.C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Millions

oftonsofplasticsarerecycledeveryyear,butmillionsmoreendupinlandfillsortheocean.”可知，更多的塑料垃圾最终被扔到垃圾场或海洋中了，故C项正确。3.A观点态度

题。根据全文内容可知，作者在文章中描述了塑料垃圾对社会的巨大的负面影响，尤其在最后一段中作者提到，塑料垃圾对社会可能已经造成了损害，人们改变使用塑料的方式可能太晚了。由此可推知，作者对塑料时代持消极态

度，故A项正确。4.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是我们人类现在处于塑料时代并解释了我们这个时代被称为塑料时代的原因。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·上海进才中学3月检测)PresidentCoolidge'sstatement“Thebusin

essofAmericaisbusiness.”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威望)i

nAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganisation,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessininstitutions1thisgreatprestige?Onereasonisth

atAmericans2businessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealof3thanotherinstitutionsinsociety.Sincecompetitionisseenasthemajor4of

progressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsare5.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,butitisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAm

erican6suchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competition7thefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringt

hatthereisnomonopoly(垄断)ofpower.Incontrasttooneall-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherfor8.Theo

retically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsit

scustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollars,theycannotaffordto9themlikeinferiors(下属)orslav

es.A10isoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andthe11，whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericans

believethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthanthegovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersaren

ot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreserving12.Competitioninbusin

essisalsobelievedto13theidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestperson14hisorhersocialclassback

ground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmerican15tosocialrankbasedonthefamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequali

tyofopportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinheritedprivilege.1.A.qualifyB.restrictC.impressD.possess2.A.referB.vi

ewC.reflectD.confirm3.A.competitionB.cooperationC.admirationD.determination4.A.resultB.componentC.source

D.resource5.A.estimatedB.respectedC.admittedD.rejected6.A.mannersB.culturesC.valuesD.customs7.A.protectsB.buildsC.illu

stratesD.presents8.A.profitsB.savingsC.costsD.funds9.A.attendB.treatC.serveD.charge10.A.commentB.complaintC.choiceD.contr

ast11.A.departmentB.governmentC.businessD.economy12.A.securityB.pricesC.freedomD.discipline13.A.strengthenB.defineC.cherishD.supervise14.A.asaresu

ltofB.bymeansofC.intermsofD.regardlessof15.A.contributionB.solutionC.alternativeD.appeal【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国人认为竞争的工商

业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构，人们可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。1.D根据上文“businessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威望)inAmericansociet

ythananyotherkindoforganisation,includingthegovernment”可知，商业机构比其他任何一种组织拥有更多的威望，包括政府在内。2.B根据下文可知，美国人认为企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。view...as...“把„„视为„„”。3.A根据下文可知

，此处指企业更坚定地建立在竞争的理想之上。4.C根据下文可知，竞争被大多数美国人视为进步和繁荣的主要源泉。5.B根据第一段中的“businessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威

望)inAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganisation”可知，有竞争力的商业机构会受到尊重。6.C下文列举的都是美国的基本价值观，故选C。7.A句意：竞争通过确保权力不被垄断来保护个人的自由。8.A根据下文“com

peteforthecustomers'dollars”可知，企业是为了利润而相互竞争的。9.B根据上文“itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly”可知，此处指对待顾客的方式。

10.D根据上下文可知，商业之间的竞争性与政府的垄断性形成一种对比。11.B商业是具有竞争性的，而政治往往是垄断性的，由政府掌控。二者形成对比。另外，下文中的“itismoresupportiveoff

reedomthanthegovernment”也体现了此处指的是垄断性的政府。12.C根据上文“Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthanth

egovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.”可知，此处是在讨论自由的问题。13.A根据下文“Competi

tionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestperson”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，成功属于跑得最快的人，那么竞争也被认为加强了机会均等的理想。14.D根据上文“Competi

tionisseenasanopenandfairrace”可知，竞争被视为一场公开而公平的竞赛，那么无论(regardlessof)这个人的社会阶层背景如何，成功总是属于跑得最快的人。15.C根据后文“Busin

essisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinher

itedprivilege.”可知，本句话应当表示“竞争性成功通常被视为基于家庭背景的社会地位之外的另一种选择”。Ⅲ.读后续写(2020·潍坊6月模拟)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Mommy,don'tgo，”myth

ree­year­oldsonscreamedasIwalkedtothedoor.Myfifteen­year­oldleanedagainstthekitchencounterwithhisarmsfoldedacrosshischest,notscreaming,bu

tglaringatmeasIpulledhislittlebrotheroffmylegs.“Areyoumadatme,too？”“Youspendallyourtimetakingcareofotherpeople'skids,butwhatab

outus？”Dylanleftangrily.Iwasshockedandalittlehurt.HowcouldmyownchildnotunderstandthattheworkIwasdoingwassavinglives?Thentheanswerhitme.Hedidn'tk

now,becausehehadneverseenwhatHealingtheChildrenactuallydid.Dylanhadheardthestoriesofsickchildren,buthadneveroncelooked

intotheeyesofachildandunderstoodthehardtruth—thatwithoutourhelp,thechildrenwouldlikelydie.“Getdressed.Youa

regoingwithme，”Isaid.IspentthedriveexplainingthecaseofHectortomyson,whopretendedtoignoremetheentiretime.“He'sseven,onlyweighsthirtypoundsandisverysi

ck.HehasaheartconditioncalledTetralogyofFallot,whichcouldkillhim.Itisamiracle(奇迹)thatheisstillalive.”Iwentontoexplainthatittooka

teamofvolunteermedicalstafftogetHectortothehospitalfromhisremotevillageandcareforhimwhilehewasthere.Still,Dyla

nseemedunimpressed.Westoppedataconveniencestoreforwaterandsnacks.DylanhadonelargeandonesmallSlurpee(思乐冰

饮料).HesaidthesmallonewasforHector.Idoubtedwhetherthelittleguywouldbeabletodrinkit,butremainedsilent.ThiswasthefirstinterestDylanhadshowninb

eingthere.Iwasn'tabouttoruinit.Istoppedatthenurses'stationtocheckonHector'sprogresswhileDylanwenttohisroom.Ourpatientwasrecoveringphysically,butt

henursewasconcernedthatHectorwasstrugglingemotionally.Shesaid,“Kidsusuallybouncebackfast,buthehardlyspeaksandneversmiles.”注意：续写词数应为150左右。Imagine

mysurprisewhenIheardlaughterfromHector'sroom.____________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________Onthewayhomethatnight,Dylan

askedmeseveraltimeswhetherHectorwouldbeokay.___________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】ImaginemysurprisewhenIhear

dlaughterfromHector'sroom.IenteredandfoundDylansittingontheedgeofHector'sbedwipingpiecesoffrozendrinkfromHector

'smouth.BothboysweregigglingandHectorwasapparentlyenjoyingthecompany.Ispenttherestofthedayspeakingtodoctorsandwatchingm

ysonplayingwiththespeciallittleboy.Itwastrulyamazingtowatchtheminteract,asifitwerethemostnaturalthingintheworld.Perhapstothetwoofthemitw

as.Onthewayhomethatnight,DylanaskedmeseveraltimeswhetherHectorwouldbeokay.Itoldhimthisboywouldgetwellbuthehadahar

droadaheadofhim.Mysonseemedtobelostinthoughtforawhile.ThenhedeclaredhisdecisiontojoinHealingtheChildre

nasavolunteertohelpHectorandotherchildren.Ineverthoughtthatamoodyteenagerwouldtakeupthevoluntaryworkandneveragainco

mplainabouthismother'scrazyworkschedule.