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高考英语概要写作解读之道作提取与整合Whataretheydoing?Whatishappeningtothem?Andwhy?IndoorAirPollutionIndoorAirPollutioninSchools•主题语境：人与自然•语篇类

型：说明文•话题范围：室内空气污染•学习目标：了解产生室内空气污染的原因、污染物的来源及危害、以及了解相关防止方法。•阅读技能：信息提取（抓主题词）•写作技能：信息整合（概要写作）•思维能力：逻辑思维能力（分析、归纳、概念建构

）主题阅读：文章信息梳理IndoorAirPollutioninSchoolsReasonsSourcesEffectsSolutions词汇学习：语篇中的重点词汇•occupant•urbanization•awareness•accumulate•vehicl

eexhausts•ventilation•respiratoryproblems居住者城市化意识，认识；明白累积；积聚机动车尾气通风设备呼吸道疾病写作计划•[1]Topic（话题）:•[2]Purpose（目的）•(a)totellarealstory;•(b)totellamade

-upstory;•(c)todescribeaperson,place,orthing;•(d)toexplainhowtodosomething;•(e)tofindsomethingout;•(f)togiveanopinion;•(g)toask

something;(h)other:•[3]Audience（潜在读者）Writeanswerstothesequestions.(a)Whowillreadmywriting?(b)Whatdotheyalreadyknowaboutmytopic?(c)WhatdoIwantthe

mtoknow?(d)Whatpartofmytopicwouldinterestthemmuch?IndoorAirPollutioninSchools概要写作•提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容提要。•考查重点：

（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。知识储备：语篇的宏观与微观结构中心思想（主题/中心）分论点次论点宏观结构语篇布局文字排列段内组织衔接手段语篇风格微观结构词汇语法句法

关系语义连贯思维表达意义传递语篇解构1：主题语境•Generallyspeaking,aschoolhasfarmoreoccupantspersquaremeterthananofficebuilding.Thefactisthatwit

hincreasingurbanization,thestudentpopulationinmanyschoolsisstillgrowing.Therefore,anawarenessofpossibleindoorairqualityproblemsisimporta

ntforteachersandstudentsalike.•Mostindoorairpollutioninschoolscomesfromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuilding.Forexample,photocopi

ers,manufacturedwoodproductslikedesksandchairs,andcarpetingcleaningproductsandpesticidesmayallsendoutharmfulelementsintotheair.Otherpollutantsmay

alsoaccumulateinspecificareassuchaslaboratoriesandtoilets.Meanwhile,outdoorairthatentersaschoolbuildingthroughwindowsandotheropeningscanalsobringv

ehicleexhaustsintotheclassrooms.Outdatedventilationsystemsinsomeolderschoolsincreasetherisksofindoorairqualityproblems.•Poorindoorairqualityca

ncauseseriousrespiratoryproblems.Youngerstudentsinparticularareaffected.Children’srespiratorysystemsarestilldevelopi

ng.Theyaremoresensitivetotheairpollutants.Childrenalsohavehigherrespiratoryratesthanadults.Asaresult,theyareli

kelytobreatheinmoreofthepollutantsthanadultsdo.•Thereisalotthatwecandoandshoulddo.Forinstance,increasing

ventilationrates,banningsmoking,storingpaintsandpesticidesinclosedcontainers,andusingthosepollutantsourcesinperi

odsoflowornooccupancyarealleasyandeffectivemeanstopreventtheproblems.Ofcourse,ofallthemeasurestotake,educationisontopofthelist.Wheneveryoneinth

eschoolfullyunderstandsthematter,asaferandhealthierlearningenvironmentwithcleaneraircanbecreated.（1）提取主题词（2）寻找支撑点人与环境语篇解构2：语篇类型•Generally

speaking,aschoolhasfarmoreoccupantspersquaremeterthananofficebuilding.Thefactisthatwithincreasingurb

anization,thestudentpopulationinmanyschoolsisstillgrowing.Therefore,anawarenessofpossibleindoorairqualityproblemsisimportantforteachersandstud

entsalike.•Mostindoorairpollutioninschoolscomesfromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuilding.Forexample,photocopiers,manufacturedwoodproductslikedesksandchai

rs,andcarpetingcleaningproductsandpesticidesmayallsendoutharmfulelementsintotheair.Otherpollutantsmayalsoaccumulateinspecific

areassuchaslaboratoriesandtoilets.Meanwhile,outdoorairthatentersaschoolbuildingthroughwindowsandotheropeningscanalsobringvehicle

exhaustsintotheclassrooms.Outdatedventilationsystemsinsomeolderschoolsincreasetherisksofindoorairqualityprobl

ems.•Poorindoorairqualitycancauseseriousrespiratoryproblems.Youngerstudentsinparticularareaffected.Children’srespiratorysystemsarestilld

eveloping.Theyaremoresensitivetotheairpollutants.Childrenalsohavehigherrespiratoryratesthanadults.Asaresult,theyarelikelytobreatheinmoreof

thepollutantsthanadultsdo.•Thereisalotthatwecandoandshoulddo.Forinstance,increasingventilationrates,banningsmoking,storingpaintsandpes

ticidesinclosedcontainers,andusingthosepollutantsourcesinperiodsoflowornooccupancyarealleasyandeffectivemeanstopreventtheproblems.O

fcourse,ofallthemeasurestotake,educationisontopofthelist.Wheneveryoneintheschoolfullyunderstandsthematter,a

saferandhealthierlearningenvironmentwithcleaneraircanbecreated.（3）析段落主要作用（4）寻文章主体结构引入话题分析来源阐释危害提出方法提出问题分析问题解决问题语篇建构1：宏观结构（5

）列段落主题句(“一个句子”)Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Indoorairpollutionshouldbepaidmoreattention.Keywords:ana

warenessofindoorairpollutionThepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool.Thepollutioncangiverisetoseriousrespiratoryproblems.Weshoulda

ndcandomanythingstopreventthepollutionKeywords:fromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuildingKeywords:causeseriousrespiratoryprob

lemsKeywords:alotthatwecanandshoulddo语篇建构2：微观结构（6）补支撑分论点(“一个短语”)Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Indoorairpollutionshouldbepaidmoreattenti

on.Keywords:studentpopulation/stillgrowingThepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool.Thepollutioncangiverisetose

riousrespiratoryproblems.WeshouldandcandomanythingstopreventthepollutionKeywords:products/specificareas/outdoorair/ve

ntilationsystemKeywords:yougerstudentsinparticularaffectedKeywords:easy/effectivemeans/educationwiththei

ncreasingofstudentssuchasthatfromwoodproductsandspecificareas,aswellas...especiallytothestudentssensitivetothepollutantsincludingsucheffectivemeans

asbanningsmoking,keepingairclean,etc.,witheducatingpeopletobethemostimportantInschools,withtheincreasingofstudents,indoorairpollutionshoul

dbepaidmoreattention.（要点1）Infact,thepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool,suchaswoodproducts,etc.（要

点2）However,thepollutioncangiverisetoseriousrespiratoryproblems,especiallytothestudentssensitivetothepollutants.（要点3）Thus,weshouldandhavetodomanything

stopreventthepollution,includingsucheffectivemeansasbanningsmoking,etc.,witheducatingpeopletobethemostimportant.（要点4）(75words)语篇重构3：信息整合（7）合“点”成“篇”（衔

接与连贯）宏观衔接手段：Inschools,Infact,However,Thus