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高考英语概要写作解读之道作提取与整合Whataretheydoing?Whatishappeningtothem?Andwhy?IndoorAirPollutionIndoorAirPollutioninSchools•主题语境：人与自然•语篇类型：说明文•话题范围：

室内空气污染•学习目标：了解产生室内空气污染的原因、污染物的来源及危害、以及了解相关防止方法。•阅读技能：信息提取（抓主题词）•写作技能：信息整合（概要写作）•思维能力：逻辑思维能力（分析、归纳、概念建构）主题阅读：文章信息梳理IndoorAirPollutioninSchoolsR

easonsSourcesEffectsSolutions词汇学习：语篇中的重点词汇•occupant•urbanization•awareness•accumulate•vehicleexhausts•ventilation•resp

iratoryproblems居住者城市化意识，认识；明白累积；积聚机动车尾气通风设备呼吸道疾病写作计划•[1]Topic（话题）:•[2]Purpose（目的）•(a)totellarealstory;•(b)totellamade-upstory;•(c)todescribeaperson,

place,orthing;•(d)toexplainhowtodosomething;•(e)tofindsomethingout;•(f)togiveanopinion;•(g)toasksomething;(h)other:•[3]Aud

ience（潜在读者）Writeanswerstothesequestions.(a)Whowillreadmywriting?(b)Whatdotheyalreadyknowaboutmytopic?(c)WhatdoIwantthemt

oknow?(d)Whatpartofmytopicwouldinterestthemmuch?IndoorAirPollutioninSchools概要写作•提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容提

要。•考查重点：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。知识储备：语篇的宏观与微观结构中心思想（主题/中心）分论点次论点宏观结构语篇布局文字排列

段内组织衔接手段语篇风格微观结构词汇语法句法关系语义连贯思维表达意义传递语篇解构1：主题语境•Generallyspeaking,aschoolhasfarmoreoccupantspersquare

meterthananofficebuilding.Thefactisthatwithincreasingurbanization,thestudentpopulationinmanyschoolsisstillgrowing.Theref

ore,anawarenessofpossibleindoorairqualityproblemsisimportantforteachersandstudentsalike.•Mostindoorairp

ollutioninschoolscomesfromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuilding.Forexample,photocopiers,manufacturedwoodprodu

ctslikedesksandchairs,andcarpetingcleaningproductsandpesticidesmayallsendoutharmfulelementsintotheair.Otherpolluta

ntsmayalsoaccumulateinspecificareassuchaslaboratoriesandtoilets.Meanwhile,outdoorairthatentersaschoolbuildingthroughwindowsandotheropeni

ngscanalsobringvehicleexhaustsintotheclassrooms.Outdatedventilationsystemsinsomeolderschoolsincreasetherisksofindoorair

qualityproblems.•Poorindoorairqualitycancauseseriousrespiratoryproblems.Youngerstudentsinparticularareaffected.Children’srespira

torysystemsarestilldeveloping.Theyaremoresensitivetotheairpollutants.Childrenalsohavehigherrespiratoryratesthanadults.Asares

ult,theyarelikelytobreatheinmoreofthepollutantsthanadultsdo.•Thereisalotthatwecandoandshoulddo.Forinstance,increa

singventilationrates,banningsmoking,storingpaintsandpesticidesinclosedcontainers,andusingthosepolluta

ntsourcesinperiodsoflowornooccupancyarealleasyandeffectivemeanstopreventtheproblems.Ofcourse,ofallthemeasurest

otake,educationisontopofthelist.Wheneveryoneintheschoolfullyunderstandsthematter,asaferandhealthierlearningenviron

mentwithcleaneraircanbecreated.（1）提取主题词（2）寻找支撑点人与环境语篇解构2：语篇类型•Generallyspeaking,aschoolhasfarmoreoccupantsp

ersquaremeterthananofficebuilding.Thefactisthatwithincreasingurbanization,thestudentpopulationinmanyschoolsisstillgrowin

g.Therefore,anawarenessofpossibleindoorairqualityproblemsisimportantforteachersandstudentsalike.•Mostindoorairpollutioninsch

oolscomesfromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuilding.Forexample,photocopiers,manufacturedwoodproductslikedesksandchairs,andcarpetingcleaningproduc

tsandpesticidesmayallsendoutharmfulelementsintotheair.Otherpollutantsmayalsoaccumulateinspecificarea

ssuchaslaboratoriesandtoilets.Meanwhile,outdoorairthatentersaschoolbuildingthroughwindowsandotheropeningscanalso

bringvehicleexhaustsintotheclassrooms.Outdatedventilationsystemsinsomeolderschoolsincreasetherisksofindoorairqua

lityproblems.•Poorindoorairqualitycancauseseriousrespiratoryproblems.Youngerstudentsinparticulararea

ffected.Children’srespiratorysystemsarestilldeveloping.Theyaremoresensitivetotheairpollutants.Childrenalsohavehigherrespirato

ryratesthanadults.Asaresult,theyarelikelytobreatheinmoreofthepollutantsthanadultsdo.•Thereisalotthatwecandoandsho

ulddo.Forinstance,increasingventilationrates,banningsmoking,storingpaintsandpesticidesinclosedcontainers,andusingthosepollutantsourcesinperio

dsoflowornooccupancyarealleasyandeffectivemeanstopreventtheproblems.Ofcourse,ofallthemeasurestotake,educationisontopofthelist.Wheneveryonei

ntheschoolfullyunderstandsthematter,asaferandhealthierlearningenvironmentwithcleaneraircanbecreated.（3）析段落主要作用（4）寻文章主体结构引入话题分析来源阐释危害提出方法提出问题分析

问题解决问题语篇建构1：宏观结构（5）列段落主题句(“一个句子”)Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Indoorairpollutionshouldbepaidmoreattention.Keywords:anawarenessofindoorairp

ollutionThepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool.Thepollutioncangiverisetoseriousrespiratoryproblems.Weshouldandcandomanything

stopreventthepollutionKeywords:fromsourcesinsidetheschoolbuildingKeywords:causeseriousrespiratoryproblemsKeywords:alotthatwecana

ndshoulddo语篇建构2：微观结构（6）补支撑分论点(“一个短语”)Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Indoorairpollutionshouldbepaidmoreattentio

n.Keywords:studentpopulation/stillgrowingThepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool.Thepollutioncangiverisetoseriousres

piratoryproblems.WeshouldandcandomanythingstopreventthepollutionKeywords:products/specificareas/outdoorair/ventilationsystemKeywords

:yougerstudentsinparticularaffectedKeywords:easy/effectivemeans/educationwiththeincreasingofstudentssuchasthatfromw

oodproductsandspecificareas,aswellas...especiallytothestudentssensitivetothepollutantsincludingsuchef

fectivemeansasbanningsmoking,keepingairclean,etc.,witheducatingpeopletobethemostimportantInschools,withtheincreasingofstudents,indoorair

pollutionshouldbepaidmoreattention.（要点1）Infact,thepollutioncomesfromtheequipmentsintheschool,suchaswoodproducts,etc.

（要点2）However,thepollutioncangiverisetoseriousrespiratoryproblems,especiallytothestudentssensitivetothepollutants.（要点3）Thus,wes

houldandhavetodomanythingstopreventthepollution,includingsucheffectivemeansasbanningsmoking,etc.,witheducatingpeopletobethemostimport

ant.（要点4）(75words)语篇重构3：信息整合（7）合“点”成“篇”（衔接与连贯）宏观衔接手段：Inschools,Infact,However,Thus