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一、完型填空(共5题)1、Itwasoneofthehottestdaysofthedryseason.Wehadnotseenrain1almostamonth.Thecropsweredying.Ifwe2seesomerainsoon,wewouldloseeverythi
ng.IwasmakinglunchinthekitchenwhenIsawmy3son,Billy,walkingtowardsthewoods.Hewaswalkingwithagreateffort...tryingtobeasstillaspossible.Minuteslater,hew
asonceagainwalkingtowardsthewoods.I4standitanylonger.Iwentoutofthehouseandfollowedhim.Hewascuppingbothhandsinfrontofhimashewal
ked,beingverycarefulnottospill(溢出)thewaterhecarried.AsIcamecloser,Isaw5sight.Severallargedeerstoodinfrontofhim.Billywal
kedstraightuptothem.Ialmostscreamedforhimtogetaway.Butthedeer6hurthimnorevenmovedasBillygotdown.AndthenIsawababydeer7o
ntheground,thirsty,liftitsheadtolapup(舔)thewaterinmyboy’shands.Whenthewaterwasgone,Billyjumpeduptorunbacktothehouse.Ifoll
owedhimbacktoatap.Billyopeneditandletthedripslowlyfilluphis“cup”.8hestoodupandbegantoturnback,Iwasthereinfrontofhim.Hislittleeyes9withtears.Veryqui
ckly,heexplained10hewasnotwastingwater.Theweekbefore,hehadmade11sametroublewithourhorses,12causedhimalecturefromhisfatherabouttheimpor
tanceofnotwastingwater.Thistime,Ijoinedhim,withasmallpotofwaterfromthekitchen.Ilethim13thebabydeeralone,f
oritwas14job.Asthetearsthatrolleddownmyfacebegantohittheground,they15byotherdrops...moredrops...andmor
e.Ilookedupatthesky.AllIcansayisthattheraincamethatdaysavedourfarm,justliketheactionsofonelittleboysavedthelittledeer.()1.A.inB.atC.forD.sinc
e()2.A.didn’tB.doesn’tC.wasn’tD.isn’t()3.A.sixyearsoldB.six-year-oldC.six-years-oldD.six-year-old()4.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.mustn
’tD.wouldn’t()5.A.surprisingB.mostsurprisingC.themostsurprisedD.because()6.A.eitherB.eitherC.bothD.none()7.
A.layB.tolieC.lyingD.lies()8.A.WhenB.IfC.ThoughD.Because()9.A.werefillwithB.werefilledwithC.werefilledofD.werefillwith()10.A.whichB.wha
tC.whyD.that()11.A.aB.anC.TheD./()12.A.whichB.WhatC.whoD.whose()13.A.takecareofB.takescareofC.takingcareofD.to
takecareof()14.A.screamB.toscreamC.screamedD.screaming()15.A.himselfB.itselfC.hisD.him2、Thewinterholidayisusuallyagood
timetosleepin.ButZhaoYi,a14﹣year﹣oldstudentfromHangzhou,(1)at7:00a.m.torunatleast2kilometerseverydayduringthehol
iday.Infact,thisexercisewaspartofhis(2)Zhaowasnot(3).Manyschoolsaskedstudentsto(4)duringthewinterholiday.Partofthereasonisth
atphysicaleducationtestscoresarenowworthmoreontheseniorhighschoolentranceexamination(中考).Becauseofthis,Zhao'sschoolaskedstudentstorunon
sunnydaysandexerciseindoors(5)theweatherwasbad.Studentshadtopostexercisephotosin(6)classes'QQgroups.Studentsevenncededtohavedailyexerciseplans.Fore
xample,theyhadtoskipropefortwo(7)anddothreesetsofsit﹣upseachday.Thishasbeenabigchallengeformanystudents,(8)itha
salsohelpedtomakeexercisebecomeabiggerpartoftheirdailylives.HuangZhichang,a14﹣year﹣oldstudentatthesamescho
olasZhao,usedto(9)running.Butheisnowabletorunforhalfanhoureveryday."Ididn'texercisealotinthepast.Nowit'
stimeto(10)others!"hesaid.(1)A.gotupB.wenttobedC.gettingupD.goingtobed(2)A.jobB.entertainmentC.homew
orkD.housework(3)A.shyB.aloneC.interestingD.excitng(4)A.exerciseB.readC.writeD.speak(5)A.whatB.whereC.ifD.which(6)A.hisB.yourC.ourD.their(7)A.s
econdsB.minutesC.hoursD.days(8)A.butB.orC.andD.so(9)A.hatesB.hatedC.hatingD.hate(10)A.catchupwithB.havearest
C.gotoschoolD.playbasketball3、阅读下面短文,从短文后备题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。【2019•山东日照】ItwasMolly’sjobtohandherfatherhispaperlunchbageachmo
rningbeforehelefthometowork.Onemorning,besideshis____11____lunchbag.Mollyhandedhimasecondpaperbag,whichlookedabitold.“Whytwobags?”herfat
herasked.“Theotherissomethingelse,”Mollyanswered.“What’sinit?”“Justsomething.Takeitwithyou.”Heput___12___paperbagsintohisbriefcase(公文包),kissedMollyan
drushedoff.AtnoonheopenedMolly’sbagandtookoutallthethings:asmallTeddybear,2tinyseashells(贝壳),5smallstones,and12coins…The___13___fat
hersmiled,finishedeating,andsweptthedeskcleanintothewastebasket,Molly’sthingsinthebagincluded,andthenputhimselfintotheafternoonwork.
Thatevening,Mollyranuptohim___14___hewasreadingthenewspaper.“Where’smybag?”“What’sbag?”“TheoneIgaveyouthismorning.”“I___15___itattheoffice.Why?”“Ifo
rgottoputthis___16___init,”shesaid.“And,besides,Daddy,thethingsinthebagarethethingsIreallylike—Ithoughtyoumightliketo___17___withthem
.Youdidn’tlosethebag,didyou,Daddy?”“Oh,no.Ijustforgottobringithome.”he___18___.WhileMollyhugged(拥抱)herfather’sneck,heopenedthenotethatread
:“Iloveyou,Daddy.”Mollyhadgivenhimher___19___—allthata7-year-oldheld.Loveinapaperbag,andhe___20___it.Hehade
venthrownitinthewastebasket.Sobackhewenthurriedlytothe___21___.Justbeforethenightcleaner,hefoundallthethingsbackandcarriedthebaghome___22
___.Afterdinner,heaskedMollytotellhimaboutthethingsinthebag.It___23___alongtimetotell.___24___hadastoryoramemor
y.Thelifejourneywiththepeopleweloveisallthatreallymatters.Itissuchasimple___25___butitissoeasilyforgotten.11.A.usualB.newC.
spareD.warm12.A.allB.bothC.someD.many13.A.angryB.carefulC.busyD.strict14.A.sinceB.tillC.asD.because15.A.forgotB.hidC.kep
tD.left16.A.letterB.messageC.diaryD.note17.A.playB.jokeC.talkD.deal18.A.liedB.promisedC.noddedD.agreed19.A.coinsB.stonesC.
shellsD.treasures20.A.cleanedB.missedC.threwD.dropped21.A.schoolB.officeC.shopD.home22.A.worriedlyB.activelyC.carefullyD.luck
ily23.A.spentB.paidC.costD.took24.A.AnythingB.NothingC.EverythingD.Something25.A.ruleB.truthC.ideaD.way4、阅读下面短文
,从短文后备题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。【2019•山东济南】It'sinterestingtohaveachancetoteachEnglishabroadbecauseyouseeacompletelydifferenteducationsystem
.IamteachinginBelgium(比利时)thisyearandIhaverealized___11___therearesomebigdifferences.Forexample,intheUK,itis___12___towe
araschooluniform.Itisnicetowearaschooluniform___13___youdon'thavetothinkaboutwhattowearinthemorning.Youjustputonyouruniformandgo
.This___14___alotoftime.AnotherdifferenceIhavenoticedisalsoaboutclothing:Teachers___15___inamorerelax
edwayinBelgium.Theywear___16___.InmyexperienceintheUK,teacherswearsimilarthingstothepeople___17___workinanoffice:shirtsandtiesformen;dresses,s
kirts,darktrousersandshirtsforwomen.AsIamworkingwitholderstudentswhoareaged___18___16to18,Ihavealsonoticedthattheyhave___19___sub
jectsthanIdidattheirage.IntheUK,studentsonlychoosefoursubjects(fiveiftheyhaveverygoodgrades)at16.Somepeoplelikethis,becauseitm
eanstheydonothavetostudysubjectstheydon'tlike.Othersfeelthatstudentsmakesuchabigchoicetoo___20___,becausethesubjectsth
eychooseat16willhaveaninfluenceonwhattheycanstudyatuniversity.11.A.thatB.whatC.howD.when12.A.terribleB.commonC
.expensiveD.difficult13.A.unlessB.thoughC.becauseD.if14.A.hasB.spendsC.wastesD.saves15.A.teachB.dressC.s
peakD.walk16.A.jeansB.dressesC.tiesD.suits17.A.whoB.whereC.whoseD.which18.A.atB.inC.betweenD.from19.
A.fewerB.betterC.moreD.less20.A.lateB.earlyC.wiselyD.well5、阅读下面的材料,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(提示:每空不超过三个
单词)【2019•湖北省黄冈市】DearLaura,Thanksforyourmessage.Yes,I’mhavingagreattimeonmyexchangeprograminFrance.Iwasabitnervou
sbeforeIarrivedhere,buttherewasnoreasontobe.Myhostfamilyisreallynice.Theygooutoftheirway_____47_____(make)mefeelat
home.Thegrandmotherhasateenagegranddaughteraboutmyage____48____isreallykind.ShealwaystalkstomeinFrenchtohelpmepracti
ce.Andyouwouldn’tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhas____49____(improve)!I'mverycomfortablespeakingFrenchnow.____50____Istillmakelotsofmistakes,it
doesn’tworrymeasitusedto.Mybiggestchallengeislearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertable.____51____youcanimagine,thingsarereallydifferentfromthewa
ytheyareathome.Forexample,youshouldn’tputyourbreadonyourplate.You___52___(suppose)toputitonthetable!Ithoughtthatwasprettystrangeatfirst,butnowI’muse
dtoit.Youshouldn’teat_____53_____(something)withyourhandsexceptbread,notevenfruit.Youhavetocutitupandeatitwit
hafork.Anotherthingisthatitisvery____54____(polite)tosayyou'refull.Ifyoudon'twantanymorefood,youshouldjustsay,“Itwasdelicious.”Also,yoush
ouldn'tputyourelbowsonthetable.IhavetosaythatIfinditdifficulttoremembereverything,butI’m____55____(gradual)gettingusedtoit.Idon’tfindFrenchcust
omssostrangeanymore.DearLaura,I’llwriteagainsoonandtellyoumoreaboutmylifeinFrance.Hopeyouarehaving_____56___
_goodschoolyear.Yours,LinYue============参考答案============一、完型填空1、1-5:CABBD6-10:BCABD11-15:CAACD2、1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.A9.D10.A【分析】文主要讲了体育考试被重视之
后,很多学校和学生的改变.【解答】(1)A考查动词短语.getup起床;gotobed去睡觉.根据"Thewinterholidayisusuallyagoodtimetosleepin."寒假是睡觉的好时机.But表示转折,说明这个男孩在假期不睡懒觉.句意:但是这个来自
杭州的14岁的男生赵一早上7点就起床了.全文时态是一般过去时,动词要用过去式;故选:A.(2)C考查名词.A工作,B娱乐;C作业;D家务;根据"Manyschoolsacrossthecountryaskedstudentstoexerciseduringthewinterholiday",
很多学校要求学生在寒假期间锻炼身体.句意:事实上,这次的锻炼是他的家庭作业的一部分.故选:C.(3)B考查形容词.A害羞的;B独自;C有趣的;D兴奋的;根据"Manyschoolsacrossthecountryaskedstudentstoexerciseduringthew
interholiday",很多学校都要求学生在寒假期间锻炼身体.所以并不是只有赵这样做.句意:赵不是独自一人.故选:B.(4)A考查动词.A锻炼;B读;C写;D说(语言);根据"Gao'sschoolaskedstudentstoru
nonsunnydaysandexerciseindoorsiftheweatherwasbad."高的学校要求学生们在晴天的时候出去跑步,如果天气不好就在室内锻炼.可知学校要求孩子们锻炼身体.句意:多学校都要求学生在寒假期间锻
炼身体.故选:A.(5)C考查连词.A什么;B哪儿;C如果;D哪个;根据"exerciseindoors()theweatherwasbad"应该是如果天气不好就在室内锻炼.故选:C.(6)D考查代词.A他的;B你的;C我们的;D他们的;根据
"Students"可知,学生们是复数,句意:学生们不得不在他们的班级QQ群里发送锻炼的照片.故选:D.(7)B考查名词.A秒;B分钟;C小时;D天;根据"dothreesetsofsit﹣upseachday"每天做三套,
可知锻炼强度适中,句意:例如,他们不得不每天跳绳两分钟,并且每天要做三套仰卧起坐.故选:B.(8)A考查连词.A但是;B或者;C和;D所以;根据"alsohelped"和前面的challenge形成反差,句意:这对于很多学生来说是一个很大的挑战,但是它也能对让锻炼成为日常生活的更大一部分有所
帮助.故用:A.(9)D考查动词.A第三人称单数;B过去式;C现在分词;D原型;根据"Butheisnowabletorunforhalfanhoureveryday"但是现在他能够每天跑步半小时.前后形成反差,所以过去他应该是讨厌跑步的.usedtodo指:过去bai常常做某du事(现zhi
在不做了),句意:黄志成是高的同校同学,今年14岁,他过去很讨厌跑步.故选:D.(10)A考查动词短语.A赶上;B休息;C去学校;D打篮球.根据"Ididn'texercisealotinthepas
t."我过去没怎么锻炼过.可知,他现在喜欢锻炼是对过去的一种弥补.句意:现在是时候补上了,故选:A.【点评】考查完型填空.根据所给的短文对意思有所了解,然后根据短文的大体意思,选择每个符合题意的答案,
使短文更通顺.3、【短文大意】这篇短文主要讲述了Molly把对父母的爱放到了一个包裹,被爸爸扔掉了,告诉我们所爱的人的人生旅程才是最重要的。这是一个如此简单的事实,但却很容易被遗忘。11.句意:一天早上,
除了他平常的午餐袋。莫莉递给他第二个纸袋,看上去有点旧。A.usual平常的;B.new新的;C.spare空闲的;D.warm暖和的。根据上文ItwasMolly’sjobtohandherfatherhispaperlunchbageachmorningbeforeheleft
hometowork.可知这里是说平常的午餐包。根据句意,故选A。12.句意:他把两个纸袋放进公文包,吻了莫莉,然后匆匆离去。A.all全,都;B.both两者都;C.some一些;D.many许多。根据上文“Whytw
obags?”herfatherasked.“Theotherissomethingelse,”Mollyanswered.“What’sinit?”“Justsomething.Takeitwithyou.”可知下文是两个纸包。根据句意,故选B。13.句意:忙碌的父亲微笑着,吃
完饭,把桌子扫干净,扔进了废纸篓。A.angry生气的;B.careful认真的,小心的;C.busy忙的;D.strict严肃的。根据下文andthenputhimselfintotheafternoonwork.可
知这里是说忙碌的父亲。根据题意,故选C。14.句意:那天晚上,在爸爸读报纸的时候莫莉跑过来。A.since自从;B.till直到;C.as当……的时候;D.because因为。根据hewasreadingthenewspaper.可知这里是as
引导的时间状语从句。根据句意,故选C。15.句意:“我把它忘在办公室了。为什么?“我忘了把这张纸条放进去,”她说。A.forgot忘记;B.hid隐藏;C.kept保持;D.left离开。根据下文“Iforgottoputthis___16___init,”shesaid.可知这里是把……
遗忘在……。短语leave…in…表示把……遗忘在……。根据句意,故选D。16.句意:“我把它忘在办公室了。为什么?“我忘了把这张纸条放进去,”她说。A.letter信;B.message消息;C.diary日记;D.note笔记,纸条。根据上文I
___15___itattheoffice.Why?”可知这里是说这个纸条。根据句意,故选D。17.句意:我想你可以和他们一起玩。A.play戏剧;玩;B.joke笑话;C.talk交谈;D.deal大量;很多。根据Daddy,thethingsinth
ebagarethethingsIreallylike可知上文是说和他们一起玩。根据句意,故选A。18.句意:哦,不,我只是忘了带回家。”他撒了谎。A.lied躺,说谎;B.promised承诺;C.nodded点头;D.agreed同意。根据上文“Oh,no.
Ijustforgottobringithome.”可知这里是撒谎。根据题意,故选A。19.句意:莫莉把她所有的珍宝都给了他。A.coins硬币;B.stones石头;C.shells贝壳;D.treasures珍宝。根据上文WhileMollyhugged(拥抱)herfather’sne
ck,heopenedthenotethatread:“Iloveyou,Daddy.”可知下文是说这里指的是她所有的珍宝。根据句意,故选D。20.句意:爱在纸袋里,他错过了。A.cleaned清扫;B.misse
d错过;C.threw扔;D.dropped放弃。根据下文Hehadeventhrownitinthewastebasket.可知这里是说他错过了它。根据句意,故选B。21.句意:所以他匆匆忙忙地回到了办公室A.school学校;B.office办公室;C.shop商店;D.home家。根据下文J
ustbeforethenightcleaner,hefoundallthethingsbackandcarriedthebaghome___22___.可知上文是回到办公室。根据题意,故选B。22.句意:就在清洁工来之前,他把所
有的东西都找了回来,小心地把包带回家。A.worriedly担心地;B.actively积极地;C.carefully小心地;D.luckily幸运地。根据carriedthebaghome可知这里是小心地带回家。根据句意,故选C。23
.句意:说起来花了很长时间。一切都有故事或记忆。A.spent花费;人做主语,spend+钱+onsth.;B.paid支付,人做主语;短语payfor..;C.cost花费,物做主语;D.took花费。Ittakessb.s
ometimetodosth.表示花费某人多长时间去做某事。根据上文Afterdinner,heaskedMollytotellhimaboutthethingsinthebag.可知下文是花费时间去做某事,这里用Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.表示花费
某人多长时间去做某事。根据句意,故选D。24.句意:一切都有故事或记忆。A.Anything任何东西;B.Nothing没什么;C.Everything一切;D.Something某物。根据文中Afterdinner,heasked
Mollytotellhimaboutthethingsinthebag.It___23___alongtimetotell.可知,这里是说一切。根据句意,故选C。25.句意:这是一个如此简单的事实,但却
很容易被遗忘。A.rule制度;B.truth真实;C.idea主意;D.way方式。根据下文butitissoeasilyforgotten.可知上文是一个简单的事实。根据句意,故选B。4、【短文大意】短文大意:文章主要
介绍了比利时和英国的教育体制的不同,最后作者对自由选择科目学习表达了支持。11.句意:我今年在比利时教书,我意识到这里有一些很大的不同。考查连词辨析。A.无实义;B.什么,表事情;C.怎样,表方式;D.当……时,表时间。根据题干Ihaverealized可知
需接宾语从句,从句不缺句子成分,需用that,故答案是A。12.句意:例如,在英国,穿校服是很常见的。考查形容词辨析。A.可怕的;B.普通的;C.贵的;D.困难的。根据下文Itisnicetowearasc
hooluniform穿校服很好,可知穿校服很普通,故答案是B。13.句意:穿校服很好,因为你不用考虑早上穿什么。考查连词辨析。A.除非,相当于ifnot,表条件;B.虽然,表让步;C.因为,表原因;D.如果,表条件。本句前后是因果关系,故答案是C。14.句意:这节省了很多时间。考查动词辨析。A.
有;B.花费;C.浪费;D.节约。根据前面Youjustputonyouruniformandgo穿上校服就走,应该是节省时间,故答案是D。15.句意:在比利时,老师们的穿着更随意。考查动词辨析。A.教;B.穿衣,打扮;C.说;D.走。根据下文Theywearjean
s可知比利时教师穿着打扮更放松,故答案是B。16.句意:他们穿牛仔裤。考查名词辨析。A.牛仔裤;B.连衣裙;C.领带;D.一套衣服。根据前面morerelaxedwayinBelgium穿着更放松,这里应该是穿牛仔裤,故答
案是A。17.句意:以我在英国的经验来看,老师们穿的衣服和办公室工作人员差不多。考查定语从句。A.谁,用于先行词是人时;B.哪儿,先行词指地点;C.谁的,表物主,做定语;D.哪个,用于先行词是物时。本句先行词p
eople是人,需用who,故选A。18.句意:当我与年龄在16到18岁之间的高年级学生一起工作时,我也注意到他们的课程比我在他们这个年龄时的还要多。考查介词辨析。at在,表时刻;in在……里面,表地点;between和and连用表示在两者之间;from从。from…to.从……到……,是固定短语
;根据句意语境,故选D。19.句意:我也注意到他们的科目比我在他们这个年龄时要多。考查形容词辨析。A.更少的,修饰可数名词;B.更好的;C更多的;D.更少的,修饰不可数名词。根据后面studentsonlychoosefoursubjects
英国学生只学四科,可知比利时的应该更多,故答案是C。20.句意:另一些人则认为,学生做出如此大的选择过早,因为他们16岁时选择的科目将对他们在大学里的学习产生影响。考查形容词辨析。A.晚的;B.早的;C.宽的;D.好的。根据后面
becausethesubjectstheychooseat16willhaveaninfluenceonwhattheycanstudyatuniversity因为他们在16岁时选择的科目将对他们在大学能够学习的内容产生影响,可知
这样的选择应该是太早了,故答案是B。5、47.tomake48.who/that49.improved50.Although/Though51.As52.aresupposed53.anything54.impolite55.gradual
ly56.a【解析】本文介绍了作为一名交换生,作者在法国的寄宿家庭的亲身感受。文章介绍了在法国,他们想方设法让我有宾至如归的感觉。祖母有一个和我差不多大的一个孙女,她真的很善良。他们用法语与我交流,这使得我的法语进步很快!接下来介绍了法国的风俗礼仪。首先,面
包不应该放在盘子里,应该把它放在桌子上!其次,不应该用手吃任何东西,除了面包,甚至水果。第三,说“吃饱了”是很不礼貌的。应该说,“它很好吃。”47.句意:他们想方设法让我有宾至如归的感觉。本题用动词不定式来做gooutofthe
irway的目的,语境是:他们想方设法让我有宾至如归的感觉。故答案为:tomake。48.句意:祖母有一个和我差不多大的一个孙女,她真的很善良。本题考查定语从句,先行词是granddaughter,指人的,因此引导词可以用who或that。故答案为:who/that。49.句意:你不
会相信我的法语进步有多快!结合语境:我的法语进步有多快!可知,该题的时态应该用现在完成时,其结构是:助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。improve的过去分词为improved。所以答案为:imp
roved。50.句意:虽然我还是犯了很多错误,但它不像以前那样困扰我。句子Istillmakelotsofmistakes,和itdoesn’tworrymeasitusedto.之间存在着转折关系,因此填:although/though;句子
开头,首字母要大写。故答案为:Although/Though。51.句意:正如你所想的,事情确实跟在家里的时候完全不同。结合语境可知,本题填:as;asyoucanimagine为定语从句,as为imagine的宾语。意为:正如
,就像。首字母要大写。故答案为:As。52.句意:你应该把它放在桌子上!根据Forexample,youshouldn’tputyourbreadonyourplate.例如,你不应该把面包放在盘子里。可知,下文是:你应该把它
放在桌子上!本题考查besupposedtodosth.应该做某事。因为主语是You,因此谓语用are。故答案为:aresupposed。53.句意:你不应该用手吃任何东西,除了面包,甚至水果。由shouldn’t可知,本题是否定句,
因此应该用anything;something用于肯定句中。故答案为:anything。54.句意:另一件事是:说你吃饱了是很不礼貌的。根据Ifyoudon'twantanymorefood,youshouldjustsay,“Itwasde
licious.”如果你不想要更多的食物,你应该说,“它很好吃。”可知,这句话是“吃饱了”的委婉表达,因此说“我吃饱了”是不礼貌的。故答案填:impolite。55.句意:我不得不说,我觉得很难记住每件事,但我逐渐习惯了
。短语gettingusedto“逐渐习惯了”是动词短语,因此前面用副词来修饰,gradual的副词为gradually。所以答案为:gradually。56.句意:希望你有一个好的学年。haveagoodschoolyear,这是祝福语:祝你学年愉快!所以答案
为a。