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一、阅读理解（共5题）1、Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管)，toothbrushes，toys—allkindsofplasticsare

placedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050，theycouldhave13billiontons.Much

ofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’td

isappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplast

icstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclin

gmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain，peoplearenotallowe

dtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500m

illionplasticstrawsaday.That'senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.“Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference，”DanaLofflinwhos

tartedwww.strawfree.orgsaid.“Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?”Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystored

ucewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdward

s，ascientistatHarvardUniversity，designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousrepl

acementforplasticones.8.Accordingtothewrite，birdsdiebecausethey_______.A.eatbottlecapsandstrawsB.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimalsD

.havethespoonsinIndia9.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans_______.A.bringsB.losesC.harms

D.saves10.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto_______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionand

plasticpollutionD.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste11.Fromthepassage，wecantellthattheplasticsproblem_______.A.istoobigforpeopletoso

lveB.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved，butitwon’tbeeasyD.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists2、【2019•浙江绍兴】阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四

个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.So,azero-wastestoreisaboutprovidingakin

dofeverydayandpleasant-lookingzero-wasteproductstohelppeoplestartonazero-wastelifejourney."Zerowaste"

or"danshari"wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;usedifferent

kindsofwaystosavetheenvironmentsuchasstoppingtheuseofone-offobjects;givingunwantedthingstoothersorgivingthemawaytoorganizationslik

etheRedCross.YuYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendhavelivedinBeijingformanyyears.Andearliersheusedtobuythingswithoutthinkingabout

themcarefullyuntilshesawavideoabout"zerowaste",inwhichafamilyoffourplacedtherubbishtheyproducedeveryyearinajar(罐).Afterw

atchingthevideo,Yuwantedtoexperiencethiszero-wastelifestylewithherboyfriend.Azero-wastelifefollowsthe6Rrule-RefuseReduce,Reuse,Repai

r,RecycleandRot.OverAugust-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedon

lytwocansofrubbish.Now,thecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproductstotaketheplaceofplasticonesandcl

othbagsprintedwithenvironmentallyfriendlylogos.Mostproductssoldinthestorecanbereused.Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDs/DVDswith,i

deastomakethebestoftheusedthings."Thosewhoonceexperiencedthenon-wastelifestylehaveslowlychangedtheirideas,"saysYa,"Thezero-wast

elifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips."Yuexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinherontheroadtozerowaste.8.BeaJohnsonsugg

eststhatpeopleshould________.A.trytoproducenorubbishinlifeB.shareobjectswithothersC.helptheirfriendslivecomfortablyD.workhardf

ortheRedCross9.WecanseefromthepassagethatYuYuan________.A.offersplasticbagsinherstoreB.isinfluencedbythe6RruleC.oftenbuysthingsshedoesn'tneedD.likesl

isteningtoCDsverymuch10.WhatYuYuansaysinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.A.lotsofpeopledoubtthezero-wasteli

festyleB.shefeelsithardtocontinueherlifestyleC.herfriendshavefollowedherlifestyleD.thezero-wastelifestyleis

notdifficulttolive11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Openingupasecond-handstoreB.RecyclingwasteC.SavingtheenvironmentD.Joinin

gthecouple3、【2019•浙江嘉兴】Freshgreengrass.Hundredsofcolorfulwildflowers.Waterrunningintolittlepools.Birdsmakingtheirhomesinboxes.The9,500-square-metr

eAugustenborgBotanicalGardenmaylookjustlikeanyotherwell-organizedparkbutthere’sadifference.Itliesontheroofs(屋顶)ofindustr

ialandofficebuildingsinthecityofMalmoinSweden.Greenroofsarenotanewinvention.Andnowtheyaregettingpopularagain.Thecommonroofsofamodemcity

haveendlessblacksurfaceswithnolifeorwater.Perhapsthat’swhyagardenonaroofbecomessuchaperfectchoiceformoreandmo

repeople.Greenroofsarenotjustpretty.Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.Thehightemperaturesoncommonroofsinthesummercanm

aketopfloorflatsuncomfortablyhot.Whatismore,theyplayapartinmakingthecitieshotterthanthecountrysidearoundthe

m,causingthe“urbanheat-islandeffect”.Onagreenroof,however,withitsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle,asthey

doinapark.Thiscangreatlycutthecostsofheatingandcoolinginthebuildingbelow.Also,agreenrooftakesinrainwater,andprotectsthecitydrainage(排水)system.___23__

_Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.Thankstothis,thecitymaybecomepartofnature,ratherthansomethingcompletelyseparatefromit.

Whilethecostofbuildingsucharoofcanstillbehigher,itcanbecheaperinthelongtermasaresultofenergysavings.Andwouldn'titbewonderfultobeabletowalk

outintoagardenhighabovethecity’snoiseandtraffic,whetheryou'reatschoolorinanofficeorjustathomeinaten-floorblock.8.Withtheexampl

eofAugustenborgBotanicalGarden,thewriterwantstoexplain____.A.howwildlifeisprotectedB.whatagreenroofislikeC.howtoorganizeagoodparkD.whattodowitha

spareroof9.Theunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph3istheclosestinmeaningto“____”.A.raiseB.checkC.recordD.control10.Whic

hofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph4?A.Agreenroofisalive.B.Agreenroofstopspo

llution.C.Acommonroofisnoisy.D.Acommonroofincreasesthecost.11.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.A.discovertheproblemswithgreenroofsB.introd

ucethechangeofgreenroofsC.showtheamazingbeautyofgreenroofsD.describetheadvantagesofgreenroofs4、Inthefut

ure,peoplemaytraveltoMars(火星)bywater-poweredspaceship!Today'sspaceshipsarefineforgettingthingsintospace,buttheyarenotsogoodattravellinglongdistance

s.Thesespaceshipsburnchemicalfuels(燃料)andtheyareveryexpensive.Scientistssaythatawater-poweredspaceshipcouldmakethetript

oMarsmuchcheaper.Theideaisjustintheplanningstagesnow,butscientiststhinksuchaspaceshipcouldbedevelopedsoon.Thekeytothewater-p

oweredspaceshipistheengine(发动机)Regularenginespushspaceshipsbyburningfuel.Thewaterenginewillusesteam,createdbysolarpanels(太阳能板)thatheatwate

rtoahightemperature.Ofcourse,thespaceshipwillhavetocarryalotofwaterforthelongtriptoMars.Today'sspace

shipscouldnotcaythatmuchwaterButscientiststhinkthataspaceshipblownuplikeaballoonwillbeabletoOneUScompanyhasalreadydevelope

daspaceshiplikethis.Thesespaceshipsaremadeofastrongmaterial.Twoofthemhavealreadybeensentupintospace,usingrocketsandthenlaterfilledwithair."

Balloon"spaceshipscouldbeverylargeandcarryenoughwaterforalongtrip.Withthe"Balloon"spaceships,enoughwatercouldbecarriedtopo

wertheenginesandgrowfoodduringthetrip.Andthepeopleonthespaceshipmightevengettotakeahotbath!Scientistssaytheb

iggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.The"Balloon"spaceshipuseswatertopushitthroughspaceandcostsaboutonethirtiethofa

normalspaceship.Suchsavingsnaturallyencouragecontinuedresearchintoballoonspaceshipsandwaterengines.Ifthesescientistsare

correct,wemaysoonbeonourwaytoMarsinaspaceshippoweredbywater.32.Whichsentencebestdescribesthemainideaofthepassageabove?

A.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine.B.Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMarsbywater-poweredspaceship.C.OneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedas

paceshiplikethis.DScientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.33Whatdoyouthinkisomitted(省

略)attheendoftheunderlinedsentence?A.usesteamB.pushspaceshipsC.heatwaterD.carrythatmuchwater34.Besidesgrowingfood,whatelsemightastronautsdowit

htherestofthewater?A.Takeahotbath.B.Freezedangerousthings.C.Blowupaballoon.D.ChangethesurfaceofMars.35.Onwhichwebsit

ecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.www.freedictionary.com/powerB.www.mooc.cn/musicC.www.chinadaily.com.cn/cultureD.www.spac

e.com/spaceflight5、InChina,eachyearweproduceabout150milliontonsofcitywasteaccordingtoareport.Wheredoest

hewastego?Peopleusuallyburnorbury(埋)it.Ontheotherhand,wereceivewastefromsomedevelopedcountries.Wegetusefulmat

erialsfromit.Whatabouttheuselesspart?Stillburnedorburied.Butisitaproperway?Wastepollutestheenvironment,harm

speople'shealthandcausesanimalstodie.Italsogetsinthewayofgreenandsustainabledevelopment.Wecan'tmakemoneyatthecostofthee

nvironment.Weshouldleavecleanwaterandgreenmountainstoournextgenerations(一代人).Chinaisgettingreallyseriousaboutwastenow.Wearetakinglessw

astefromdevelopedcountries.FromJanuary2018,Chinastartedtostop24kindsofwastecomingintoourcountry.Andmorelawsandrulesaboutdeali

ngwithwastehavebeenmade.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Chinaalsotriestoputwasteintogooduse.Oneexampleisthewasteelectric

ityfactories.Theyburnwastetomakeelectricityinagreenway.Noharmfulgasesorwaterwillgetintotheenvironment.TheChinese

governmentisencouragingpeopletodowastesorting(分类).CitieslikeShanghai,ChongqingandBeijinghavetheirownsortingsystem

s.Morewilljointhemsoon.AsPresidentXiJinpingsaidduringavisittoShanghai,wastesortingisanewfashion(时尚).Moreandmorepeoplearefor

mingthehabitofseparatingtheirwaste.52.Thewriterstartsthepassageby_______________.A.tellingstoriesB.comparingnumbersC.rais

ingquestionsD.givingsuggestions53.Theunderlinedword"sustainable"inParagraph2means"__________"inChinese.A.可享受的B.可持

续的C.可借鉴的D.可复活的54.Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A.wastedoesharmonlytotheenvironmentB.thosewhobreak

thelawmaynotbepunishedC.ChinastopsgettingwastefromdevelopedcountriesD.wastesortingstartstobecomepopularinChina55.Thestructureofthepas

sagemaybe.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5⑥=Paragraph6)============参考答案============一、阅读

理解1、8.A9.C10.B11.C【解析】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的

行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。【8题详解】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知“鸟类死亡是因

为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖”；故选A。【9题详解】题意：第2段中下画线单词“endangers”可能意思是_______。考查词义猜测。A.brings带来；B.loses失去；C.harms伤害；D.saves拯救。根据上文Whalesgetcaughtin

plasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知“此句Iten

dangersoceanlife.句意是：它危害海洋生物。”根据句意可知“endangers”可能意思是“harms”；选C。【10题详解】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述

了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。【11题详解】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题_________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Thoughitishardwork，itisstillasolvablepr

oblem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。2、8—11ABDC【考点】科普环保类，说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过生活中零消费人物法国人BeaJohnson和北京人YuYuan的实例来倡导零消

费的生活方式，包括零消费的6R原则。8.细节理解题。根据Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;过一种生活，不要制造垃圾。可知她的建议是在生活中尽量不产生

垃圾，故选A。9.细节理解题。根据OverAugust-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedonlytwocansofrubbis

h.当余遵循零浪费的6R规则时，她和她的男朋友乔·哈维都只生产了两罐垃圾。可知她是个被6R原则影响的人，故选B。10.推理判断题。根据Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics.Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips.零浪费生活方式不适

合做苦行家。它就在我们的身边，可知零消费的生活方式并不难，故选D。11.标题判断题。本文介绍零消费的生活方式就是在生活中尽量不产生垃圾，也就是保护我们的环境。选项C做符合文章的大意，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找

答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。3、8--11BDAD【解析】本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外，绿色屋

顶吸收雨水，保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机，使这座城市成为自然的一部分。【8题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的描述“新鲜的青草。数百朵五颜六色的野花水流入小水池。鸟在盒子里安家。这座面积为9500平方米的奥古斯登堡植物园看起

来可能和其他组织良好的公园一样，但也有不同之处。它位于瑞典马尔默市工业和办公楼的屋顶上。”可知“以奥古斯登堡植物园为例，作者想解释一下绿色屋顶是什么样的。”故选B。【9题详解】考查词义猜测。A.raise升高，筹集；B.check检查；C.record记录D.control控制，调节。根据下文

的描述可知“夏天普通屋顶上的高温会使顶层的公寓变得异常炎热。更重要的是，它们使城市比周围的乡村更热，造成了“城市热岛效应”。然而，在有植物和水的绿色屋顶上，气温变化很小，就像在公园里一样。这可以大大降低下面建筑的供暖和制冷成本。”可知此句Theyalsohelptomoderateth

ecitytemperature.句意是：它们也有助于调节城市温度。根据句意可知moderate意思是控制，调节；故选D。【10题详解】考查细节理解。根据下文Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.（小动物和小鸟可以在上面安家。）可

知此句是：绿色屋顶充满生机。故选A。【11题详解】考查主旨理解。本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外，绿色屋顶吸收雨水，保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机，使这座城市成为自然的一部分。根据本文主要内

容可知这篇文章的目的是描述绿色屋顶的优点；故选D。4、32.B33.D34.A35.D5、52~55CBDA