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一、阅读理解(共5题)1、Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管),toothbrushes,toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billio
ntonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientists
say165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanfor
ever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendange
rsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughit
ishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.Scotlandandse
veralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionpl
asticstrawsaday.That'senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.“Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference,”DanaL
offlinwhostartedwww.strawfree.orgsaid.“Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?”Peoplehavefoundsometas
tywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomp
oses(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards,ascientistatHarvardUniversity,designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectt
hefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.8.Accordingtothewrite,birdsdiebecausethey
_______.A.eatbottlecapsandstrawsB.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimalsD.havethespoonsinIndia9.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2prob
ablymeans_______.A.bringsB.losesC.harmsD.saves10.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto_______.A.introduces
omewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution
D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste11.Fromthepassage,wecantellthattheplasticsproblem_______.A.istoobigf
orpeopletosolveB.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved,butitwon’tbeeasyD.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists2、【2019•浙江绍
兴】阅读材料,然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.So,azero-wastestoreisaboutprovidingakindofeverydayandpl
easant-lookingzero-wasteproductstohelppeoplestartonazero-wastelifejourney."Zerowaste"or"danshari"wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Heri
deais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;usedifferentkindsofwaystosavetheenvironmentsuchasstoppingtheuseofone-offobjects;giving
unwantedthingstoothersorgivingthemawaytoorganizationsliketheRedCross.YuYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendhavelivedinBeijingf
ormanyyears.Andearliersheusedtobuythingswithoutthinkingaboutthemcarefullyuntilshesawavideoabout"zero
waste",inwhichafamilyoffourplacedtherubbishtheyproducedeveryyearinajar(罐).Afterwatchingthevideo,Yuwantedtoexperiencethiszero-wastelifestylewithher
boyfriend.Azero-wastelifefollowsthe6Rrule-RefuseReduce,Reuse,Repair,RecycleandRot.OverAugust-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,
sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.Now,thecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproduct
stotaketheplaceofplasticonesandclothbagsprintedwithenvironmentallyfriendlylogos.Mostproductssoldinthestorecanbereused.
Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDs/DVDswith,ideastomakethebestoftheusedthings."Thosewhoonceexperiencedthenon-wastelifestylehav
eslowlychangedtheirideas,"saysYa,"Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips."Yuexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinhe
rontheroadtozerowaste.8.BeaJohnsonsuggeststhatpeopleshould________.A.trytoproducenorubbishinlifeB.shareobjectswithother
sC.helptheirfriendslivecomfortablyD.workhardfortheRedCross9.WecanseefromthepassagethatYuYuan________.
A.offersplasticbagsinherstoreB.isinfluencedbythe6RruleC.oftenbuysthingsshedoesn'tneedD.likeslisteningtoCDsverymuch10.WhatYuYuansaysint
helastparagraphprobablymeansthat________.A.lotsofpeopledoubtthezero-wastelifestyleB.shefeelsithardtocontinueherlife
styleC.herfriendshavefollowedherlifestyleD.thezero-wastelifestyleisnotdifficulttolive11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassa
ge?A.Openingupasecond-handstoreB.RecyclingwasteC.SavingtheenvironmentD.Joiningthecouple3、【2019•浙江嘉兴】Fr
eshgreengrass.Hundredsofcolorfulwildflowers.Waterrunningintolittlepools.Birdsmakingtheirhomesinboxes.The9,500-square-metreAugustenborgBotanical
Gardenmaylookjustlikeanyotherwell-organizedparkbutthere’sadifference.Itliesontheroofs(屋顶)ofindustrialandofficebuildingsinthecityof
MalmoinSweden.Greenroofsarenotanewinvention.Andnowtheyaregettingpopularagain.Thecommonroofsofamodemci
tyhaveendlessblacksurfaceswithnolifeorwater.Perhapsthat’swhyagardenonaroofbecomessuchaperfectchoiceformoreandmorepeople.Greenroofsarenotj
ustpretty.Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.Thehightemperaturesoncommonroofsinthesummercanmaketopfloorflatsuncomfortablyhot.Wha
tismore,theyplayapartinmakingthecitieshotterthanthecountrysidearoundthem,causingthe“urbanheat-islandeffect”
.Onagreenroof,however,withitsplantsandwater,temperatureschangeonlyalittle,astheydoinapark.Thiscangreatlycutthecostsofheatingandcoolin
ginthebuildingbelow.Also,agreenrooftakesinrainwater,andprotectsthecitydrainage(排水)system.___23___Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomeson
it.Thankstothis,thecitymaybecomepartofnature,ratherthansomethingcompletelyseparatefromit.Whilethecostofbuildingsucharoofcanstillb
ehigher,itcanbecheaperinthelongtermasaresultofenergysavings.Andwouldn'titbewonderfultobeabletowalkoutintoagardenhighabo
vethecity’snoiseandtraffic,whetheryou'reatschoolorinanofficeorjustathomeinaten-floorblock.8.WiththeexampleofAugustenborgBotanicalGarden,the
writerwantstoexplain____.A.howwildlifeisprotectedB.whatagreenroofislikeC.howtoorganizeagoodparkD.whattodowi
thaspareroof9.Theunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph3istheclosestinmeaningto“____”.A.raiseB.checkC.recordD.control10.W
hichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph4?A.Agreenroofisalive.B.Agreenroofstopspollution.C.Acommonroofisnoisy.D
.Acommonroofincreasesthecost.11.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.A.discovertheproblemswithgreenroofsB.introducethechangeofgreenroofsC.showtheamazingb
eautyofgreenroofsD.describetheadvantagesofgreenroofs4、Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMars(火星)bywater-poweredspaceship!Today'sspace
shipsarefineforgettingthingsintospace,buttheyarenotsogoodattravellinglongdistances.Thesespaceshipsburnchemicalfuels(燃料)andtheyarever
yexpensive.Scientistssaythatawater-poweredspaceshipcouldmakethetriptoMarsmuchcheaper.Theideaisjustintheplanningstagesnow,butscientiststhinksuch
aspaceshipcouldbedevelopedsoon.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine(发动机)Regularenginespushspaceshipsbyburningfue
l.Thewaterenginewillusesteam,createdbysolarpanels(太阳能板)thatheatwatertoahightemperature.Ofcourse,thespaceshipwillhavet
ocarryalotofwaterforthelongtriptoMars.Today'sspaceshipscouldnotcaythatmuchwaterButscientiststhinkthataspaceshipblownuplikeaballoo
nwillbeabletoOneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.Thesespaceshipsaremadeofastrongmaterial.Tw
oofthemhavealreadybeensentupintospace,usingrocketsandthenlaterfilledwithair."Balloon"spaceshipscouldbeverylargeandcarryenoughwaterf
oralongtrip.Withthe"Balloon"spaceships,enoughwatercouldbecarriedtopowertheenginesandgrowfoodduringthetrip.An
dthepeopleonthespaceshipmightevengettotakeahotbath!Scientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.The"Balloon"spaceshipuseswater
topushitthroughspaceandcostsaboutonethirtiethofanormalspaceship.Suchsavingsnaturallyencouragecontinuedre
searchintoballoonspaceshipsandwaterengines.Ifthesescientistsarecorrect,wemaysoonbeonourwaytoMarsinaspaceshippoweredbywater.32.Whichsentencebe
stdescribesthemainideaofthepassageabove?A.Thekeytothewater-poweredspaceshipistheengine.B.Inthefuture,peoplemaytraveltoMarsbywa
ter-poweredspaceship.C.OneUScompanyhasalreadydevelopedaspaceshiplikethis.DScientistssaythebiggestadvantageofsuchaspaceshipwouldbecost.33Whatdo
youthinkisomitted(省略)attheendoftheunderlinedsentence?A.usesteamB.pushspaceshipsC.heatwaterD.carrythatmu
chwater34.Besidesgrowingfood,whatelsemightastronautsdowiththerestofthewater?A.Takeahotbath.B.Freezedangerousthings.C.Blowupaballoo
n.D.ChangethesurfaceofMars.35.Onwhichwebsitecanweprobablyreadthispassage?A.www.freedictionary.com/powerB.www.mooc.
cn/musicC.www.chinadaily.com.cn/cultureD.www.space.com/spaceflight5、InChina,eachyearweproduceabout150milliontonsofcitywasteaccordingtoar
eport.Wheredoesthewastego?Peopleusuallyburnorbury(埋)it.Ontheotherhand,wereceivewastefromsomedevelopedcountries.Wegetusef
ulmaterialsfromit.Whatabouttheuselesspart?Stillburnedorburied.Butisitaproperway?Wastepollutestheenvironment,harmspeople'shealthandcausesanimalstod
ie.Italsogetsinthewayofgreenandsustainabledevelopment.Wecan'tmakemoneyatthecostoftheenvironment.Weshouldleavecleanwaterandgreenmountainstoou
rnextgenerations(一代人).Chinaisgettingreallyseriousaboutwastenow.Wearetakinglesswastefromdevelopedcountrie
s.FromJanuary2018,Chinastartedtostop24kindsofwastecomingintoourcountry.Andmorelawsandrulesaboutdealingwithwastehavebeenmade.Anyonewhobreakst
helawwillbepunished.Chinaalsotriestoputwasteintogooduse.Oneexampleisthewasteelectricityfactories.Theyburnwastetom
akeelectricityinagreenway.Noharmfulgasesorwaterwillgetintotheenvironment.TheChinesegovernmentisencouragingpe
opletodowastesorting(分类).CitieslikeShanghai,ChongqingandBeijinghavetheirownsortingsystems.Morewilljointhemsoon.AsPresiden
tXiJinpingsaidduringavisittoShanghai,wastesortingisanewfashion(时尚).Moreandmorepeopleareformingthehabitofseparatingtheirwaste.52.
Thewriterstartsthepassageby_______________.A.tellingstoriesB.comparingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.givingsuggestions53.Theunde
rlinedword"sustainable"inParagraph2means"__________"inChinese.A.可享受的B.可持续的C.可借鉴的D.可复活的54.Fromthepassage,weknowthat____________________.A.w
astedoesharmonlytotheenvironmentB.thosewhobreakthelawmaynotbepunishedC.Chinastopsgettingwastefromdevelope
dcountriesD.wastesortingstartstobecomepopularinChina55.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④
=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5⑥=Paragraph6)============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、8.A9.C10.B11.C【解析】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到
2050年,他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决,但不容易。【8题详解】题意:据报道,鸟类死亡是因为_
_________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.(鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。)可知“鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖”;故选A。【
9题详解】题意:第2段中下画线单词“endangers”可能意思是_______。考查词义猜测。A.brings带来;B.loses失去;C.harms伤害;D.saves拯救。根据上文Whalesget
caughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.(鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。)描述可知“
此句Itendangersoceanlife.句意是:它危害海洋生物。”根据句意可知“endangers”可能意思是“harms”;选C。【10题详解】题意:这篇文章的目的主要是________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文
主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题;故选B。【11题详解】题意:从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题_________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Thoughitishardwork,itisstilla
solvableproblem.(虽然工作很辛苦,但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。)可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决,但不容易;故选C。2、8—11ABDC【考点】科普环保类,说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意:本文主要通过生活中零消费人物法国人BeaJohnson和北京人YuYuan的
实例来倡导零消费的生活方式,包括零消费的6R原则。8.细节理解题。根据Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;过一种生活,不要制造垃圾。可知她的建议是在生活中尽量不产生垃圾,故选A。9.细节理解题。根据Over
August-OctoberwhenYufollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendJoeHarveybothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.当余遵
循零浪费的6R规则时,她和她的男朋友乔·哈维都只生产了两罐垃圾。可知她是个被6R原则影响的人,故选B。10.推理判断题。根据Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics.Itisjustaroundusatourfinger-tips.零浪费生活方式不适合
做苦行家。它就在我们的身边,可知零消费的生活方式并不难,故选D。11.标题判断题。本文介绍零消费的生活方式就是在生活中尽量不产生垃圾,也就是保护我们的环境。选项C做符合文章的大意,故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和两种常考题型,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断题需要联系上下文,
推断出需要的信息。3、8--11BDAD【解析】本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外,绿色屋顶吸收雨水,保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机,使这座城市成为自然的一部分。【8
题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的描述“新鲜的青草。数百朵五颜六色的野花水流入小水池。鸟在盒子里安家。这座面积为9500平方米的奥古斯登堡植物园看起来可能和其他组织良好的公园一样,但也有不同之处。它位于瑞典马尔默市工业和办公楼的屋顶上。”可知“以奥
古斯登堡植物园为例,作者想解释一下绿色屋顶是什么样的。”故选B。【9题详解】考查词义猜测。A.raise升高,筹集;B.check检查;C.record记录D.control控制,调节。根据下文的描述可知“夏天普通屋顶上的高温会使顶层的公寓变得异常炎热。更重要的是,它们使城市比周围的乡村更热,造成
了“城市热岛效应”。然而,在有植物和水的绿色屋顶上,气温变化很小,就像在公园里一样。这可以大大降低下面建筑的供暖和制冷成本。”可知此句Theyalsohelptomoderatethecitytemperature.句意是:它们也
有助于调节城市温度。根据句意可知moderate意思是控制,调节;故选D。【10题详解】考查细节理解。根据下文Andsmallanimalsandbirdscanmaketheirhomesonit.(小动物和小鸟可以在上面安家。)可知此句是:绿色屋顶充满
生机。故选A。【11题详解】考查主旨理解。本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外,绿色屋顶吸收雨水,保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机,使这
座城市成为自然的一部分。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的是描述绿色屋顶的优点;故选D。4、32.B33.D34.A35.D5、52~55CBDA