【文档说明】中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类三（含答案）.doc，共(11)页，66.663 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-181114.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

一、阅读理解（共5题）1、NewWaytoRecycleWhenShanghaiintroducedanewgarbage﹣sortingpolicyinJulylastyear，thecity'sresidents（居民）tooksometimetogetusedto

it．Theyjokedthateverytimetheytookouttheirgarbage，thestaff（工作人员）standingbythebinswouldask"Whatkindofgarbageareyou？"Start

ingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．Residentsshouldsorttheirgarbageintofo

urgroupskitchen，recyclable，hazardous（有害的）andotherwaste．Thesegroupsarerepresented（代表）byfourdifferentcolorsoftrashbins﹣green，blu

e，redandgrey．Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlymayfacefinesofupto200yuan，Xinhuareported．ThewayBeijingsorts

itstrashsoundsdifferentfromotherslikeShanghaiandQingdao．Thesecitiesusefordifferentgroups：wet，recyclable，harm

fulanddry．Althoughtheirnamesaredifferent，thegroupsareactuallythesame．WetgarbageinShanghaiis，infact，kitchengarbage．And

drygarbageisthesameasotherwaste．ChinaDailyreported．Tohelpresidentssorttheirtrashcorrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlinegu

idelines．Ifpeopledon'tknowhowtothrowawaygarbage，theycansearchforitontheWeChataccountGuanchenglish（管城理事）tofindout．Bysearchingakeywordortakingapho

to，peoplecanimmediatelyfindoutwhichgrouptheirwastebelongsto．（1）Whatdoweknowfromthisstory？A．Garbage﹣sortingstartedinBeijingonMay1．B．

Garbage﹣sortingisbeingcarriedoutnationwide．C．Beijing'sgarbage﹣sortingpolicyisthesameasShanghai's．（2）OtherwasteisthesameasinShangh

ai．A．drygarbageB．recyclablegarbageC．harmfulgarbage（3）Ifpeopledon'tfollowthegarbage﹣sortingpolicy，．A．

theywillbeforcedtolearnthepolicyB．theywon'tbeallowedtothrowtrashawayC．theymayfacefines（4）Thelastparagraphmainl

yexplains．A．thegovernment'ssuggestionsaboutgarbage﹣sortingB．howtohelpresidentssorttheirgarbageC．problemswithBeijing'

sgarbage﹣sortingpolicy（5）Wecanreadthisarticlein．A．astorybookB．aguidebookC．anewspaper2、Animalsareourfriends.Sometimestheymaketrouble,butsomet

imestheycanhelpus.Andtheyhopetoliveahappylife,too.Herearetworealstoriesfromourreaders.ThefirststoryisfromRay."Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPa

dbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim.Oneyear,Ihadafallathomeandwasonthefloorfor16hours.Duringthistime,Iwasunabletomoveandcould

n'tgettothephonetocallforhelp.Tigerstayedbymysideuntilhedisappearedundermybed.'What'shepupto?'Iwondered.Tomysurprise,hest

artedtopushsomethingtowardsme.ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn'trealizehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn'tkn

owwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.ThankstoTiger,Iwasabletocommunicatewithmyfriend,Becky,whothentoldmydoctor."ThesecondstoryisfromColin."Yearsag

o,myfriendJuliussavedabird—awild'Mom'cockatoo（鹦鹉）fromthesideoftheroadandkeptitasapetinabigcage(笼子).Itlo

stoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.Soon,twowildcockatooscamevisitingandone'Dad'birdwantedtofindhiswayintothecage.The'M

om'cockatoointhecagewassoonexpecting.Butasshecouldn'tfly,'Dad'cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree,keepingoffeveryonew

hogotcloseto'Mom'cockatoo.'Baby'cockatoowouldspendhisdaysflyingoffwithhisdad,leavinghismombehind.Shewouldsitandwaituntiltheyreturnedho

meeachafternoon.Thefamilystayedtogetherhappily."Afterreadingthestories,don’tyouthinkweshouldgetalongwellwithanimals?Nomattertheyareourpetsorliveinthe

wild,theyhavetheirfeelings.Weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld.46.____________istheownerofthecat.A.BeckyB.JuliusC.ColinD.Ray

47.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referstothe_____________.A.phoneB.catC.iPadD.bed48."Mon"cockatoodidn'treturnto

thewildbecause____________________.AJuliuscaughtitasapetB.shevasbadlyhurtandcouldn'tflyC.shepreferredthelifeinthecageD

."Dad"cockatoobuiltahomeinthetree49.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____________.A.Ray,BeckyandColinareanima

lloversB.weshouldn'tuseiPadtoomuchC.friendsshouldhelpeachotherD.weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld50.In

whichpartofanewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthepassage?A.Sportsnews.B.Peopleandanimals.C.Health.D.Travel.3、Seventypercentofourplanetiscoveredby

onehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．In2008，theUnitedNationsrecognized（确立）June8asWorldOceansDay．It'sadaytothink

abouttheimportantrolethattheoceansplayinourlives，thedangersthatouroceansarefacingandtheactionwecantaketoprotectthem．Theoceanishometothemostof

plantsandanimalsonEarth．Plantsintheseaprovideuswith70percentofO2webreathe．Theoceancontrolsourclimate（气候

），providingheatinwinterandcoolairinsummer．Italsoprovidesuswithfoodandmedicine．Nomatterwhereyouliveonth

eplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifeisdependentontheocean．Thebiggestproblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．R

educingsingle﹣useplastic，includingplasticbagsandplasticbottles，hasbeenanimportantthemeforWorldOceansDayfo

ranumberofyears．Climatechangeandrisingseatemperaturesarealsoahugeproblem．Risingseatemperatureshaveadirectinfluen

ceonweatherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextreme（极端的）weather．Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofway

s，includingspecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivities，artcontestsandfilmfestivals．Youcanjoinintoremindpeopleabouttheimportan

ceofouroceansandtomakeadifference．（1）Whatpercentofourplanetiscoveredwithseawater？A．30%B．40%C．70%（2）Wha

tisthemainideaofParagraph2？A．Theoceanprovidesuswithheatandcoolair．B．Ourlifeisdependentontheocean．C．Theoceanprovidesuswithfoodandmedicine（3）Wh

atisthebiggestproblemfacingtheocean？A．Plasticpollution．B．Reducingsingle﹣useplastic．C．Airpollution．（4）Whatispartlyrespo

nsibleforanincreaseofextremeweather？A．Climatechange．B．Risingseatemperatures．C．Weatherpatterns．（5）Howd

opeoplecelebrateWorldOceansDay？A．Eatingouttogether．B．Havingameeting．C．Holdingspecialevents．4、【2019•山东东营】What’saspacewalk?Anytimeanastronaut

getsoutofaspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk.Astronautsgoonspacewalksformanyreasons.Forexample,experimentscanbeplaced

ontheoutsideofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影响)differentthings.Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofix

thingsinsteadofbringingthembacktotheearthtofix.Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe

.Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧气)theyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink.Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastrona

utsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor.Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetoth

eirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,connectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft.Theykeepastronautsfromfloating(漂浮)awayintospace.An

otherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywearingaSAFER.SAFERiswornlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace.

Howdoastronautstrainforspacewalks?Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astron

autspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecialswimmingpool.Foreveryonehourtheywillspendonaspacewalk,astronautsneedtotrainseve

nhoursinthepool.Anotherwayastronautspracticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality(虚拟现实).Itlooksandfeelsjustlikeaspacewalk.Today,onlythreecoun

trieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesandChina.Thefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkinthe

worldwasAlexeiLeonovfromRussia.ZhaiZhigangisthefirstChineseastronauttogoonaspacewalk.Theworldrecordofspacewalksish

eldbyRussianastronautAnatolySolovyev.Hehasbeenon16spacewalksandspentmorethan82hoursoutsideinspace.26.Aboutthespacewalk

,wecanknow__________.A.somethingscanbefixedbyastronautsduringspacewalksB.allexperimentsmustbeplacedontheouts

ideofaspacecraftC.anastronautcangetoutofaspacecraftanytimewhileinspaceD.aspacewalkletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffectsdifferen

tthings27.Howmanywaystokeeptheastronautssafeduringspacewalks?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.28.What’sthemeaning

oftheword“tethers”inParagraph2?A.吊篮B.系绳C.笼子D.钩子29.Astronautstrainforspacewalksby__________.A.floatinginspaceB.usingvirtualrealityC.goingonspace

walksoutsideaspacecraftD.traininginwaterinacommonswimmingpool30.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTtrue?A.Chinacanfinishaspacewalkindependently.B.Astro

nautscanbreatheanddrinkinspacesuits.C.AstronautscanmovearoundinspacewiththehelpofSAFER.D.AnatolySolovyevisthefirstpersontogoonaspacew

alkintheworld.5、【2019•浙江宁波模拟】Wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein?Whynottakepartin“Clean

&Greenweekend”?Joinus,andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.ParkLifeDoyoulikehangingo

utintheparkwithyourfriends?Ifso，whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo？Toaddsomefun,thereisagiftfortheperso

nwhocollectsthemostrubbish!MeetusatthesouthentrancetoTaoheParkat9a.m.nextSaturdayifyouwanttojoinin.TheAirYouBreatheAgre

atwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees！Itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter（过滤）alotofpollutantsfro

mtheair.SocomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinFenheParkat2p.m.nextSunday.WaronGraffiti（涂鸦）Somepeoplethinkgraffitiiscool.Well,

itisnot!Thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible.Andthatisexactlywhatwearegoingtodo.Wearer

epaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1p.m.onSaturday.Youdon’thavetobringanytools,justremembertowearsomeoldclothes！根据上面三个倡议的内容，

选择正确答案。12.Themainpurposeof“Clean&GreenWeekend”isto.A.makeourcitymorebeautifulB.offerthechancetohavefunC

.helpstudentsmeetoldfriendsD.haveaniceweekend13.Thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet.A.at1p.m.onSaturdayB.at2p.m.next

SundayC.at9a.m.nextSaturdayD.at3a.m.onSunday14.Ifwe’regoingtorepainttheschoolwalls,weneedto.A.drawpictureswellB.wearsomeoldcloth

esC.bringsometoolswithusD.wearsomenewclothes15.Accordingtothepassage,weknow.A.graffiticanmakethebuildingslookcoolB.thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcang

etagiftC.wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironmentD.wecandrawpicturesonthewall12—15ACBC12.A短文开头“Wanttoknow...tolivein?”

意为“想知道做什么可以让我们的城市更适宜居住吗？”故选A。13.C第一则通知中“Meetusatthe...tojoinin.”意为“如果你想加入请于下周早上9点在陶河公园南入口处集合”。故选C。14.B根据第三则通知可

知“要记得穿上旧衣服”。故选B。15.C根据第三则通知可知“树木可以过滤来自空气中的污染物”。故选C。============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、1.A2.A3.C4.B5.C【分析】文章讲述上海以及北京的垃圾分类政策；垃圾如何分类以及不按照政策实行将受到的惩

罚；政府为了帮助居民正确的垃圾分类而采取的网上指导措施．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．题目问从这个故事中我们知道了什么，根据第二段StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducin

ganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．可知从5月1日开始，北京也进入了垃圾分类城市的行列，A选项意为5月1日北京开始了垃圾分类，与原文相符，故选A．（2）A．细节理解题．题目意为其他垃

圾与上海的____一样，根据第四段Anddrygarbageisthesameasotherwaste．可知干垃圾和其他垃圾是一样的，故选A．（3）C．细节理解题．题目意为如果人类不遵守垃圾分类政策，____，根据第三段Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlyma

yfacefinesofupto200yuan，Xinhuareported．可知如果没有正确分类垃圾可能会被罚款，故选C．（4）B．段落大意题．题目意为最后一段主要解释了____，根据最后一段Tohelpresidents

sorttheirtrashcorrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlineguidelines．可知为了帮助居民正确分类垃圾，北京政府提供在线指导，因此判断本段主要讲了政府如何帮助居民进行垃圾分类，故选B．（5）C．文章来源题．题目意为我们可

以在____里面读到这篇文章，根据第二段StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．可知本文主要讲的是有关垃圾分类的新

闻，因此判断会在报纸上看到．故选C．【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查．2、DCBDB3、1.C2.B3.A4.B5.C【分析】地球的70%被海洋覆盖着，海洋是地球上大多

数动植物的家园，为我们提供了我们呼吸的70%的氧气．然而海洋正面临着塑料污染、气候变化和海水温度上升等问题．联合国确立世界海洋日来提醒人们海洋的重要性．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据第1段中"Seventyp

ercentofourplanetiscoveredbyonehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．"可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆盖．故选C．（2）B．段落大意题．通读第2段内容，尤其是根据第2段内容最后一句"Nomatterwherey

ouliveontheplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifeisdependentontheocean．"可知不管你住在地球上的哪个地方，不管离海有多远，你的生活都离不开海洋．因此可知本段主要讲述的是我们的生活依靠海

洋生存．故选B．（3）A．细节理解题．根据第3段中"Thebiggestproblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．"可知海洋面临的最大问题是塑料污染．故选A．（4）B．细节理解题．根据第4段中"Risingsea

temperatureshaveadirectinfluenceonweatherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextremeweather．"可知不断上升的海

水温度被视为极端天气增加的部分原因．故选B．（5）C．细节理解题．根据最后一段中"Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofways，includingspecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivit

ies，artcontestsandfilmfestivals．"可知人们举办特别活动来庆祝世界海洋日．故选C．【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力．做题时，要根据

不同的题型分情况作答．4、【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步时宇航员的安全保障、宇航员如何训练太空漫步以及人类太空漫步的历史。26.推理判断题

。根据experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft可知，实验可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的实验都必须都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根据Anytimeanastronaut

getsoutofaspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk可知，任何时候宇航员在太空中走出飞船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航员在太空中任何时候都可以从宇宙飞船中出来，偷换概念，排除C；根据Forexampl

e,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影响)differentthings可知，实验可以在航天器的外部这件事可以让科

学家知道太空是如何影响不同的事物的，排除D；根据Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringingthembacktotheearthtofix可知，通

过太空行走，宇航员可以修东西而不用将他们带回地球修，故选A。27.细节理解题。根据Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe、

Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor、Whenonaspacewalk,astronau

tsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft以及AnotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywearingaSAFER可知，宇航员可以穿航天服、通过一个特别的门离开和返回航天器、用安全绳或者

穿舱外活动简便救援装置，共四种，故选C。28.词义猜测题。根据Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,connect

thespacewalkerswiththespacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全拴绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一个绳子，所以是系绳，故选B。29.细节理解题。根

据Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecialsw

immingpool以及Anotherwayastronautspracticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality可知，要么去特别的游泳池漂浮练习太空行走，要么使用

虚拟现实练习太空行走，故选B。30.细节理解题。根据Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStates

andChina可知，中国能独立地完成太空行走，排除A；根据Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧气)theyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink可知，宇航员能够在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根据SAFERiswor

nlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace可知，宇航员可以在里面移动，排除C；根据Thefirstpersontogoonaspacewalk

intheworldwasAlexeiLeonovfromRussia可知，第一个太空行走的人是苏联的阿里克谢列昂诺夫。故选D。5、【2019•浙江杭州】下面文章中有五处（第16﹣20题）需要添加首句．请从以下选项（A、

B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。Whereyousitandhowyoufit16Formorethanseventyyears,researchersandteachershavestu

diedthelinkbetweentheplacewherestudentschoosetositinclassandwhattheyarelikeaspeopleandlearners.Wheredoyouusuallydecidetosit?Haveyoueverreallythought

aboutthereasonsforyourdecision?17Butisthisreallytrue?Well,someresearcherssayitisnot.Infact,shystudentsoftenchoosethebackrowbec

auseitisfarawayfromtheteacherandtheydon’twanttoanswerquestions.Attheback,studentsprobablywon'tspeakmuch,butinb

igclassrooms,itcanbehardtoseetheboardandhearwhattheteacherissaying.Thiscouldbethereasonwhystudentswhosithereoftengetlow

ergradesontestsandexams.Forstudentswithpooreyesightorhearing,aseatatthebackoftheclassroomisnotagoodchoice.18However,the

ylikewatchingandlisteningratherthanjoiningin.Thesestudentsareusuallyalsoverygoodattakingnotes.Nexttimeyoumissaclass,borrownotesfromsomeonewhosits

here.Onthesidesoftheclassroomyouwillgenerallyfindmodestandthoughtfulpeople.Thesepeopleusuallygetgoodgradesinschoolandareinterestedinlearning

.19Thenthestatistics（统计数据）sayyouprobablylikeyourteacher.Youprobablyalsohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourclassmates.Caring

,outgoing,andcheerfulpeopleusuallysitinthemiddle.Theyarenormallyseriousaboutlearningandfeeldisappointedwithlowgradesontestsandexams.20Students

whosithereusuallywanttodiscussthingswiththeteacherandareoftenveryinterestedinthesubject.Theywanttobeinthebestplace

toseeandheareverythingtheteacherdoesandsays.Theonlyproblemwithsittinghereisthatitcanbedifficulttoseeandhearwhatotherstudentsdoandsayincla

ss.So,ifyoureallywanttohearwhateveryonesaysinclass,chooseadifferentplacetosit.A.Youprobablysitrightatth

efrontoftheclassifyou'relongingforknowledge.B.Researchsuggeststhattheseatyouchooseintheclassroomsaysalotaboutyouandyourpersonalit

y.C.Doyousitinthemiddleoftheclassroom?D.Thismeansit'sagoodideatositinadifferentplaceeveryday.E.Peopleoftenthinkthatstudentswhositatthebackarelazy.

F.Studentswhositatthesideoftheclassroomarenormallyinterestedinclass.16.B。由原文researchersandteachershavestudiedthelinkbetweentheplacewherestudents

choosetositinclassandwhattheyarelike可知此处讲的是座位和性格有关系。17.E。由原文shystudentsoftenchoosethebackrow此处讲的是坐后排的学生的性格。18.F。由原文Onthesidesoftheclassroomyouwillgen

erallyfindmodestandthoughtfulpeople可知此处讲的是坐在两边的学生。19.C。由原文Caring,outgoing,andcheerfulpeopleusuallysitinthemiddle可知此处讲的是坐在中

间的学生。20.A。由原文Theonlyproblemwithsittinghereisthatitcanbedifficulttoseeandhearwhatotherstudentsdoandsayinclass可知此处讲的是坐在前排的学生。