【文档说明】中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类三（含答案）.doc，共(11)页，66.663 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-181114.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

一、阅读理解（共5题）1、NewWaytoRecycleWhenShanghaiintroducedanewgarbage﹣sortingpolicyinJulylastyear，thecity'sresidents（居民）tooksometimetogetus

edtoit．Theyjokedthateverytimetheytookouttheirgarbage，thestaff（工作人员）standingbythebinswouldask"Whatkindofgarbageareyou？

"StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．Residentsshouldsort

theirgarbageintofourgroupskitchen，recyclable，hazardous（有害的）andotherwaste．Thesegroupsarerepresented（代表）byfourdifferentcolorsoft

rashbins﹣green，blue，redandgrey．Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlymayfacefinesofupto200yuan，Xinhuareported．ThewayBeijingsortsitstrashsoundsdiffere

ntfromotherslikeShanghaiandQingdao．Thesecitiesusefordifferentgroups：wet，recyclable，harmfulanddry．Althoug

htheirnamesaredifferent，thegroupsareactuallythesame．WetgarbageinShanghaiis，infact，kitchengarbage．Anddrygar

bageisthesameasotherwaste．ChinaDailyreported．Tohelpresidentssorttheirtrashcorrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlineguidelines．Ifpeopl

edon'tknowhowtothrowawaygarbage，theycansearchforitontheWeChataccountGuanchenglish（管城理事）tofindout．Bysearchingakeywordortakin

gaphoto，peoplecanimmediatelyfindoutwhichgrouptheirwastebelongsto．（1）Whatdoweknowfromthisstory？A．Garbage﹣sortin

gstartedinBeijingonMay1．B．Garbage﹣sortingisbeingcarriedoutnationwide．C．Beijing'sgarbage﹣sortingpolicyist

hesameasShanghai's．（2）OtherwasteisthesameasinShanghai．A．drygarbageB．recyclablegarbageC．harmfulgarbage（3）Ifpeopledon'tfollowthegarbage﹣s

ortingpolicy，．A．theywillbeforcedtolearnthepolicyB．theywon'tbeallowedtothrowtrashawayC．theymayfacefines（

4）Thelastparagraphmainlyexplains．A．thegovernment'ssuggestionsaboutgarbage﹣sortingB．howtohelpresident

ssorttheirgarbageC．problemswithBeijing'sgarbage﹣sortingpolicy（5）Wecanreadthisarticlein．A．astorybookB．aguidebookC．anewspaper2、Animalsareourfrien

ds.Sometimestheymaketrouble,butsometimestheycanhelpus.Andtheyhopetoliveahappylife,too.Herearetworealstoriesfromourread

ers.ThefirststoryisfromRay."Mycat,Tiger,hatesitwhenIusemyiPadbecauseittakesmyattentionawayfromhim.Oneyear,

Ihadafallathomeandwasonthefloorfor16hours.Duringthistime,Iwasunabletomoveandcouldn'tgettothephonetocallforhelp.Tigerstayedby

mysideuntilhedisappearedundermybed.'What'shepupto?'Iwondered.Tomysurprise,hestartedtopushsomethingtowardsme.ItwasmyiPad,whichIdidn'treal

izehadfallenoffthebedandontothefloor.Heprobablydidn'tknowwhatitwas,butheknewthatitmademehappy.ThankstoT

iger,Iwasabletocommunicatewithmyfriend,Becky,whothentoldmydoctor."ThesecondstoryisfromColin."Yearsago,myfriendJuliussavedabird—awild'Mom'c

ockatoo（鹦鹉）fromthesideoftheroadandkeptitasapetinabigcage(笼子).Itlostoneofherwings,soshewasunabletoreturntothewild.Soon,twowildcockatooscamevisitingan

done'Dad'birdwantedtofindhiswayintothecage.The'Mom'cockatoointhecagewassoonexpecting.Butasshecouldn'tfly,'Dad'cocka

toobuiltahomeinthetree,keepingoffeveryonewhogotcloseto'Mom'cockatoo.'Baby'cockatoowouldspendhisdaysflyingoffwith

hisdad,leavinghismombehind.Shewouldsitandwaituntiltheyreturnedhomeeachafternoon.Thefamilystayedtogetherha

ppily."Afterreadingthestories,don’tyouthinkweshouldgetalongwellwithanimals?Nomattertheyareourpetsorliveinthew

ild,theyhavetheirfeelings.Weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld.46.____________istheownerofthecat.A.BeckyB.JuliusC.ColinD.Ray47.Th

eunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referstothe_____________.A.phoneB.catC.iPadD.bed48."Mon"cockatoodidn'treturntothewildbecause__

__________________.AJuliuscaughtitasapetB.shevasbadlyhurtandcouldn'tflyC.shepreferredthelifeinthecageD."Dad"coc

katoobuiltahomeinthetree49.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____________.A.Ray,BeckyandColinareanimalloversB.weshouldn'tuseiPadtoomuchC.frie

ndsshouldhelpeachotherD.weshouldrespecteverylifeintheworld50.Inwhichpartofanewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthepassage?A.Sportsnews.B.Peoplean

danimals.C.Health.D.Travel.3、Seventypercentofourplanetiscoveredbyonehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．In2008，theUnitedNationsrecogniz

ed（确立）June8asWorldOceansDay．It'sadaytothinkabouttheimportantrolethattheoceansplayinourlives，thedangersthatouroceansarefacin

gandtheactionwecantaketoprotectthem．TheoceanishometothemostofplantsandanimalsonEarth．Plantsintheseaprovideuswith70perc

entofO2webreathe．Theoceancontrolsourclimate（气候），providingheatinwinterandcoolairinsummer．Italsoprovidesuswithfoodandmed

icine．Nomatterwhereyouliveontheplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifeisdependentontheocean．Thebigges

tproblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．Reducingsingle﹣useplastic，includingplasticbagsandplasticbottles，hasbeenanimportantthemeforWor

ldOceansDayforanumberofyears．Climatechangeandrisingseatemperaturesarealsoahugeproblem．Risingseatemperatureshaveadirectinfluenceonwe

atherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextreme（极端的）weather．Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofways，includings

pecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivities，artcontestsandfilmfestivals．Youcanjoinintoremind

peopleabouttheimportanceofouroceansandtomakeadifference．（1）Whatpercentofourplanetiscoveredwithseawater？A．30%B．40%C．70%（2）Whatisthemainideao

fParagraph2？A．Theoceanprovidesuswithheatandcoolair．B．Ourlifeisdependentontheocean．C．Theoceanprovidesuswithfoodandmedicine（3）Whatisthebiggestp

roblemfacingtheocean？A．Plasticpollution．B．Reducingsingle﹣useplastic．C．Airpollution．（4）Whatispartlyresponsibleforanincreaseofextremeweather？A．Clim

atechange．B．Risingseatemperatures．C．Weatherpatterns．（5）HowdopeoplecelebrateWorldOceansDay？A．Eatingouttogeth

er．B．Havingameeting．C．Holdingspecialevents．4、【2019•山东东营】What’saspacewalk?Anytimeanastronautgetsoutof

aspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk.Astronautsgoonspacewalksformanyreasons.Forexample,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutside

ofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影响)differentthings.Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringing

thembacktotheearthtofix.Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧气)th

eyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink.Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftth

roughaspecialdoor.Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,

connectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft.Theykeepastronautsfromfloating(漂浮)awayintospace.Anotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywea

ringaSAFER.SAFERiswornlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace.Howdoastronautstrainforspacewalks

?Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecial

swimmingpool.Foreveryonehourtheywillspendonaspacewalk,astronautsneedtotrainsevenhoursinthepool.Anotherwayastronautspra

cticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality(虚拟现实).Itlooksandfeelsjustlikeaspacewalk.Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinish

edspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesandChina.ThefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworldwasAlexeiLeonovf

romRussia.ZhaiZhigangisthefirstChineseastronauttogoonaspacewalk.TheworldrecordofspacewalksisheldbyRussianastronautAnatolySolovyev.Hehasbee

non16spacewalksandspentmorethan82hoursoutsideinspace.26.Aboutthespacewalk,wecanknow__________.A.somethingscanbe

fixedbyastronautsduringspacewalksB.allexperimentsmustbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraftC.anastronautcangetoutofaspacec

raftanytimewhileinspaceD.aspacewalkletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffectsdifferentthings27.Howmanywaystokeeptheastronautssafedur

ingspacewalks?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.28.What’sthemeaningoftheword“tethers”inParagraph2?A.吊篮B.系绳C.笼子D.钩子29.Astronautstrainforspace

walksby__________.A.floatinginspaceB.usingvirtualrealityC.goingonspacewalksoutsideaspacecraftD.traininginwaterinacommonswimmingpool30.Accor

dingtothepassage,whichisNOTtrue?A.Chinacanfinishaspacewalkindependently.B.Astronautscanbreatheanddrinkinspaces

uits.C.AstronautscanmovearoundinspacewiththehelpofSAFER.D.AnatolySolovyevisthefirstpersontogoonaspacewalki

ntheworld.5、【2019•浙江宁波模拟】Wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein?Whynottakepartin“Clean&

Greenweekend”?Joinus,andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.ParkLifeDoyoulikehang

ingoutintheparkwithyourfriends?Ifso，whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo？Toaddsomefun,thereisagiftforthepersonwhocollectsthemo

strubbish!MeetusatthesouthentrancetoTaoheParkat9a.m.nextSaturdayifyouwanttojoinin.TheAirYouBreatheAgre

atwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees！Itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter（过滤）alotofpoll

utantsfromtheair.SocomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinFenheParkat2p.m.nextSunday.WaronGraffiti（涂鸦）Somepeoplethin

kgraffitiiscool.Well,itisnot!Thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible.Andthatisexactlywhatw

earegoingtodo.Wearerepaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1p.m.onSaturday.Youdon’thavetobringanytools,justremembertowearsomeoldclot

hes！根据上面三个倡议的内容，选择正确答案。12.Themainpurposeof“Clean&GreenWeekend”isto.A.makeourcitymorebeautifulB.offerthechancetohavefun

C.helpstudentsmeetoldfriendsD.haveaniceweekend13.Thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet.A.at1p.m.onSat

urdayB.at2p.m.nextSundayC.at9a.m.nextSaturdayD.at3a.m.onSunday14.Ifwe’regoingtorepainttheschoolwalls,weneedto.A.drawpictureswellB.wea

rsomeoldclothesC.bringsometoolswithusD.wearsomenewclothes15.Accordingtothepassage,weknow.A.graffiticanmake

thebuildingslookcoolB.thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcangetagiftC.wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironmentD.wecandrawpicturesonthewall12—15

ACBC12.A短文开头“Wanttoknow...tolivein?”意为“想知道做什么可以让我们的城市更适宜居住吗？”故选A。13.C第一则通知中“Meetusatthe...tojoinin.”

意为“如果你想加入请于下周早上9点在陶河公园南入口处集合”。故选C。14.B根据第三则通知可知“要记得穿上旧衣服”。故选B。15.C根据第三则通知可知“树木可以过滤来自空气中的污染物”。故选C。============参考答案============一、

阅读理解1、1.A2.A3.C4.B5.C【分析】文章讲述上海以及北京的垃圾分类政策；垃圾如何分类以及不按照政策实行将受到的惩罚；政府为了帮助居民正确的垃圾分类而采取的网上指导措施．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．题目问从这个故事中我们知道了什么，根据第二段StartingonMay1

，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sDailyreported．可知从5月1日开始，北京也

进入了垃圾分类城市的行列，A选项意为5月1日北京开始了垃圾分类，与原文相符，故选A．（2）A．细节理解题．题目意为其他垃圾与上海的____一样，根据第四段Anddrygarbageisthesameasotherwaste．可知干垃圾

和其他垃圾是一样的，故选A．（3）C．细节理解题．题目意为如果人类不遵守垃圾分类政策，____，根据第三段Thosewhofailtosorttheirtrashcorrectlymayfacefinesofup

to200yuan，Xinhuareported．可知如果没有正确分类垃圾可能会被罚款，故选C．（4）B．段落大意题．题目意为最后一段主要解释了____，根据最后一段Tohelpresidentssorttheirtrashc

orrectly，theBeijinggovernmentisofferingonlineguidelines．可知为了帮助居民正确分类垃圾，北京政府提供在线指导，因此判断本段主要讲了政府如何帮助居民进行垃圾分类，故选B

．（5）C．文章来源题．题目意为我们可以在____里面读到这篇文章，根据第二段StartingonMay1，BeijingjoinedmanyChinesecitiesbyintroducinganewgarbage﹣sortingpolicy，People'sD

ailyreported．可知本文主要讲的是有关垃圾分类的新闻，因此判断会在报纸上看到．故选C．【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查．2、DCBDB3、1.C2.B3.A4.B5.C【分析

】地球的70%被海洋覆盖着，海洋是地球上大多数动植物的家园，为我们提供了我们呼吸的70%的氧气．然而海洋正面临着塑料污染、气候变化和海水温度上升等问题．联合国确立世界海洋日来提醒人们海洋的重要性．【解

答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据第1段中"Seventypercentofourplanetiscoveredbyonehugebodyofseawater﹣theocean．"可知地球上的百分之七十被海水覆

盖．故选C．（2）B．段落大意题．通读第2段内容，尤其是根据第2段内容最后一句"Nomatterwhereyouliveontheplanet，nomatterhowfarfromthesea，yourlifei

sdependentontheocean．"可知不管你住在地球上的哪个地方，不管离海有多远，你的生活都离不开海洋．因此可知本段主要讲述的是我们的生活依靠海洋生存．故选B．（3）A．细节理解题．根据第3段中"Thebiggestpr

oblemfacingtheoceanatthemomentisplasticpollution．"可知海洋面临的最大问题是塑料污染．故选A．（4）B．细节理解题．根据第4段中"Risingseatemperatureshaveadirectinfluenceonw

eatherpatternsandareseenaspartlyresponsibleforanincreaseinextremeweather．"可知不断上升的海水温度被视为极端天气增加的部分原因．故选B．（5）C．细节理

解题．根据最后一段中"Thedayiscelebratedinallkindsofways，includingspecialeventsonthebeach，riverclean﹣ups，schoolactivities，artconte

stsandfilmfestivals．"可知人们举办特别活动来庆祝世界海洋日．故选C．【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力．做题时，要

根据不同的题型分情况作答．4、【短文大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述太空漫步。包括什么是太空漫步、太空漫步的原因、太空漫步时宇航员的安全保障、宇航员如何训练太空漫步以及人类太空漫步的历史。26.推理判断题。根据experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideo

faspacecraft可知，实验可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的实验都必须都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根据Anytimeanastronautgetsoutofaspacecraft(航天器)whileinspace,it

iscalledaspacewalk可知，任何时候宇航员在太空中走出飞船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航员在太空中任何时候都可以从宇宙飞船中出来，偷换概念，排除C；根据Forexample,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideof

aspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffects(影响)differentthings可知，实验可以在航天器的外部这件事可以让科学家知道太空是如何影响不同的事物的，排除D；根据Bygoingonspacewal

ks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringingthembacktotheearthtofix可知，通过太空行走，宇航员可以修东西而不用将他们带回地球修，故选A。27.细节理解题。根据Whenast

ronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe、Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktot

hespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor、Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft以及Anotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspace

walksisbywearingaSAFER可知，宇航员可以穿航天服、通过一个特别的门离开和返回航天器、用安全绳或者穿舱外活动简便救援装置，共四种，故选C。28.词义猜测题。根据Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytether

stostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,connectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全拴绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tet

her像一个绳子，所以是系绳，故选B。29.细节理解题。根据Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspracticespacewalksunderwaterinahuge

specialswimmingpool以及Anotherwayastronautspracticeforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality可知，要么去特别的游泳池漂浮练习太空行走，要

么使用虚拟现实练习太空行走，故选B。30.细节理解题。根据Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesand

China可知，中国能独立地完成太空行走，排除A；根据Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygen(氧气)theyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink可知，宇航员能够在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根据SAFERiswornli

keabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace可知，宇航员可以在里面移动，排除C；根据ThefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworldwasAlexeiLeonovfromR

ussia可知，第一个太空行走的人是苏联的阿里克谢列昂诺夫。故选D。5、【2019•浙江杭州】下面文章中有五处（第16﹣20题）需要添加首句．请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。Whereyousitandhowyoufit16Formore

thanseventyyears,researchersandteachershavestudiedthelinkbetweentheplacewherestudentschoosetositinclassandwhattheyarelikeaspeopleandlearners.Wher

edoyouusuallydecidetosit?Haveyoueverreallythoughtaboutthereasonsforyourdecision?17Butisthisreallytrue?Well,someresearcherssayitisnot

.Infact,shystudentsoftenchoosethebackrowbecauseitisfarawayfromtheteacherandtheydon’twanttoanswerquestions.Attheback,studentsprobab

lywon'tspeakmuch,butinbigclassrooms,itcanbehardtoseetheboardandhearwhattheteacherissaying.Thiscouldbethereasonwhystudentsw

hosithereoftengetlowergradesontestsandexams.Forstudentswithpooreyesightorhearing,aseatatthebackoftheclassroomisnotagoodcho

ice.18However,theylikewatchingandlisteningratherthanjoiningin.Thesestudentsareusuallyalsoverygoodattakingnotes.Nexttim

eyoumissaclass,borrownotesfromsomeonewhositshere.Onthesidesoftheclassroomyouwillgenerallyfindmodestandthoughtfulpeop

le.Thesepeopleusuallygetgoodgradesinschoolandareinterestedinlearning.19Thenthestatistics（统计数据）sayyouprobablylikeyourteacher.Youprob

ablyalsohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourclassmates.Caring,outgoing,andcheerfulpeopleusuallysitinthemiddle.Theyarenormallyseriousabout

learningandfeeldisappointedwithlowgradesontestsandexams.20Studentswhosithereusuallywanttodiscussthingswiththeteacherandareoftenveryinterestedinthesub

ject.Theywanttobeinthebestplacetoseeandheareverythingtheteacherdoesandsays.Theonlyproblemwithsittinghereisthatitcanbedifficulttose

eandhearwhatotherstudentsdoandsayinclass.So,ifyoureallywanttohearwhateveryonesaysinclass,chooseadifferentplacetosit.A.Youprobablysitrig

htatthefrontoftheclassifyou'relongingforknowledge.B.Researchsuggeststhattheseatyouchooseintheclassroomsaysalotaboutyouandyourpersonality.C

.Doyousitinthemiddleoftheclassroom?D.Thismeansit'sagoodideatositinadifferentplaceeveryday.E.Peopleoftenthinkthatstudentswhositattheb

ackarelazy.F.Studentswhositatthesideoftheclassroomarenormallyinterestedinclass.16.B。由原文researchersandteachershavestudiedthelinkbetw

eentheplacewherestudentschoosetositinclassandwhattheyarelike可知此处讲的是座位和性格有关系。17.E。由原文shystudentsoftenchoosethebackrow此处讲的是坐后排的学生的性格。18.F。由

原文Onthesidesoftheclassroomyouwillgenerallyfindmodestandthoughtfulpeople可知此处讲的是坐在两边的学生。19.C。由原文Caring,outgoing,andcheerful

peopleusuallysitinthemiddle可知此处讲的是坐在中间的学生。20.A。由原文Theonlyproblemwithsittinghereisthatitcanbedifficulttosee

andhearwhatotherstudentsdoandsayinclass可知此处讲的是坐在前排的学生。