【文档说明】中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类一（含答案）.doc，共(8)页，54.913 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-181113.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

一、阅读理解（共5题）1、TheWorld’sWaterShortageTheworldisnotonlyhungry,butitisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstr

angetoyou,sincenearly70percent（百分比）oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97percentofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwa

ter.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3percent－thefreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources（资源）.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,because

someofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers（冰川）.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwa

terisstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasing（增加）rapidly－almostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoid（避免）

asevere（严重的）worldwidewatershortagelateron.Weallhavetolearnhowtostopwastingourvaluablewater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopways

ofreusingit.Todayinmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem（下水道）.Fromthereitreturnstoth

eseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifying（净化）plant.Thereitcanbetreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain,jus

tasifitwerefreshfromaspring.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe’dhavetodotomakeuseofth

evastreserves（贮备）ofseawaterintheworldistoremovethesalt.Ifwetakethesestepswe’llbeinnodangerofdryingup.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecaus

ewecanonlyuse_________percentofthewatercoveringthesurfaceoftheearth.A.3B.morethan3C.lessthan3D.972.Whichofthefollowingst

atementsisNottrue?A.Asthingsremainunchanging,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.B.Ourneedforwaterisbecominglargerandlarger.C.The

rewillbenowatershortageinthefuture.D.Weshouldtakestepstodealwiththewatershortageproblem.3.Toreusewater,weshould__________.A.treat

itwithchemicalsB.useitonlyonceC.senditoutintoasewersystemD.makeitflowintoundergroundtanks4.Inordertohaveenoughwater,weshouldalsomakeuseof___

______.A.icebergsandglaciersB.seawaterC.riversandlakeD.undergroundwater5.Inthepassage,thewritertellsus________.A.tomakeenoughwaterB.t

opaymoreattentiontothewatershortageproblemC.topipeusedwatertoapurifyingplantD.toreusethewater2、PollutionHundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharder

thanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewasnomodernmedicine,either.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollutio

n（污染）.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkillsourfishandpollutedourdrinkingwater.Noisepol

lutionmakesustalklouderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollution.It’sbadtoalllivin

gthingsintheworld.Cars,planesandfactoriesallpolluteouraireveryday.Sometimesthepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.T

hiskindofquiltiscalledsmog（烟雾）.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofightpollution.Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway,theymustn’tblowdirt

ysmokeintotheair.Weneedtodomanyotherthings.Wecanputwastethingsinthedustbinandnotthrowitontheground.Wecangotowor

kbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewillbelesspollution.Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollutio

n.1.Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistodaybecause_______.A.therewerenotanymodernmachinesB.therewasnomodernmedicineC.bothAandBD.therewer

enotmanypeople2.Whatisthebiggestproblemintoday’slife?A.WaterpollutionB.AirpollutionC.NoiseD.Pollution3.Themostseriouskindofpollutionis________.A.n

oisepollutionB.airpollutionC.waterpollutionD.A,BandC4.Factoriesmustcleantheirwater________.A.beforetheyarethrownawayB.whentheyaret

hrownawayC.afteritisthrownawayD.beforeitisthrownaway5.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A.afewyearsago,therewasnosmogatallB.t

odaypeopledon’thavetotalktoeachotherinaloudvoiceC.wecandrinkwaterfromthepollutedriversandlakes’D.peoplearemakingrulesinordertof

ightpollution3、Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryim

portanttoday-thewheel.Thisinventionmadeiteasiertocarryheavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Intheearly1800stheworldsta

rtedtochange.Therewaslittleunknownlandintheworld.Peoplebegantoworktomakelifebetter.Inthe19thcentury,manygreatinventionsweremade.Amongthemweretheca

merasandthelightbulbs.Thereweremoregreatinventionsintheearly20thcentury,suchasthehelicoptersin1907,movieswithsoundin1910andjetpla

nesinthe1930s.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Byt

histimemostpeoplehavehadaverygoodlife.Manhasadesiretoexploremore.Theworldwasknowntomanbutthestarswerenot.Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace.Rus

siamadethefirststep.Sincethenothercountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandChina,havemadetheirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststep.

AnAmericanfirstwalkedonthemoon.Thisiscertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneverdreamedof.1.Thispassagemainlytalksab

out________.A.whycarswereveryimportantB.whenthelightbulbwasinventedC.whichcountrymadethefirststepintospaceD.thepr

ocess(进程)ofinventions2.Nyloncameoutnearlyatthesametimeas_______.A.thehelicopterB.thecameraC.jetplanesD.movies3._______madethefirststepintospace.A

.RussiaB.ChinaC.AmericaD.Japan4.Whatdoes"adesire"meaninParagraph4?A.agoodwayB.anewinventionC.astrongwishD.awonderfulidea5.Whi

chofthefollowingsisNOTtrue?A.Thewheelwasthefirstgreatinvention,butitisnotveryimportanttoday.B.AnAmericanfirststeppedonthe

moon.C.Intheearly1800stherewaslittleunknownland.D.Newinventionswillchangeourlivesgreatlyinthefuture.4、Manyofusb

elievethataperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDrJarvik,professorofpsychiatryattheUniv

ersityofCalifornia.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pai

rsoftwins(双胞胎),whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwins

intotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydecline(衰弱)aswasexpected.However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatitto

okthemlongertofinishmentaltasksthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectual(智力的

)abilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,DrJarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlywiththose

intheir30sand40s,butwiththoseintheir60sand70saswell.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthattheirmemoryisnotasgoodasitoncew

as.However,muchofwhatwecall“lossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshad

troublehearing,orpoorvision,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastaspeed.Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstog

etworse,itisnotnecessarilyasignofdeclineduetooldage.Oftenitissimplyasignofasademotionalstate.小题1:Thispassageismainlyabout_______.A．whatc

ausedmentaldeclineB．anewdiscoveryaboutmentaldeclineC．thedifferencebetweenmiddle-agedandolderpersonsD．howDrJarvikstudiedmentalfunctioni

ngofthetwins小题2:Theword“psychiatry”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans_______.A．thestudyofdiseasesofthemindB．thestudy

ofphysicaldiseasesC．thestudyoftwins’growthD．thestudyofhumanbehavior小题3:Moreoftenthannot,whatwecallmentaldeclineisactuallyasignof_______.A．awors

eningstateofhealthB．oldageC．nervoustensionD．astateofunhappiness5、Everymorning,thenewspaperchiefeditor(主编)holdsameetingwiththereporters

.Theydiscussthemainevents(事件)oftheday.Reportersarethensenttocovertheevents.Assoonasthereportersknowwh

attowriteabout,theygetdowntowork.Theytelephonepeopleandfixatimeforaface-to-faceinterviewwiththem.Sometimesthey

dotelephoneinterviews.Checkinginformationisveryimportant.Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyinformationthattheyneed.Thisiscalled“doingone’

shomework”.Atthesametime,thepictureeditordecideswhichphotographswillbeusedforthenextday’spaper.Allthepeoplewhoworkonanewspapermustbeabletowo

rkfast.Reportershavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingatonceontheimportantnewone.Theymustfindoutthenewinformationasquicklyaspossibl

e.Laterintheday,everythingisputtogetheratthenewsdesk.Reportersreturn,typetheirstoriesintothecomputerandhandthemtotheeditor.Thechiefeditor

decideswhichwillbethemostimportantstoryonthefrontpage.Sometimesthiswillhavetobechangedifsomethingmoreimportanthappenslateintheday.Othereditorsrea

dthestorieswhichthereportershavewrittenandmakeanynecessarychanges.Finally,thereisnomoretimeleftforaddingnewstories,andthetime

forprinting(印刷)thenewspaperhascome.Thisisdoneonfast-movingprintingmachines.Thenewspapersarethendelivered(发送)bytruck,planeorrail.Speedi

simportant.Peoplewanttobuythelatestnewspaper;nobodywantstobuyyesterday’s.小题1:Whatistheworkinanewspaperofficelike?A．InterestingandconfusingB．Importan

tandpatient.C．Particularandnecessary.D．Fastandbusy.小题2:Accordingtothepassage,therightorderforareporter’swor

kis____________.a.writingstoriesb.doinginterviewsc.joininginadiscussiond.doinghomeworke.handingstoriestotheeditorA

．cbadeB．cdeabC．cbdaeD．cadbe小题3:Thefrontpagecontents(内容)aredecidedby___________.A．theimportanceoftheeventsB．howwellthestoriesarewrittenC．theknowledgeo

fthechiefeditorD．whethertheyarethelatest小题4:Wordeditors’workisto____________.A．helpthechiefeditorwiththemorningdiscussionB．decidewhenan

dhowthepaperscanbeprintedC．readthestoriesandmakenecessarychangesD．gettogetherinformationfromreportersandphoto

graphers小题5:Thebesttitleforthispassageis“____________”.A．HowanewspaperisproducedB．HownewspapersaredeliveredC．Whatkindofpapers

readerslikeD．Whoseworkismoreimportant============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、CCABB2、CDBDD3、答案：DCACA解析：科普类的阅读：科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短

文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。4、小题1:B小题2:A小题3:D试题分析：人们往往认为随着年龄的增长，人的智力有所下降，而且大脑功能也变得不再活跃。然而加利福尼亚大学的DrJarvik却

通过研究发现人大脑的知识和推理能力不会随着人的年龄而减弱，只不过在思考问题的速度上有所减缓，而且表面上记忆力的衰退也不过是因为他们对事情没有全面了解而已。小题1:B主旨大意题。在文章开头作者提出人们对大脑的错误认识，然后介绍了

大学的DrJarvik的研究结果，随后两段均围绕这一话题展开行文，由此可知文章中心内容是介绍一项关于大脑智力下降的研究报告，所以B选项正确。小题2:A词意猜测题。根据下文可知DrJarvik是从事大脑方面疾病研究的，由此推断psychiatry意

思为“精神病学”所以A选项正确。小题3:D细节理解题。根据文章末句Oftenitissimplyasignofasademotionalstate.可知人们往往认为metaldecline只是一种不快乐状态的征兆、表现。所以D选项

正确。5、答案:小题1:D小题1:C小题1:A小题1:C小题1:A解析:小题1:通过短文描述，可知报社的工作是忙碌的，故选D，紧急忙碌的。小题1:通过阅读短文，可知下列事件的顺序是cbdae，故选C。小题1:根据Th

echiefeditordecideswhichwillbethemostimportantstoryonthefrontpage.描述，可知首页内容有事件的重要性决定。故选A。小题1:根据Othereditorsreadthestorieswhichthereporter

shavewrittenandmakeanynecessarychanges.描述，可知这属于文字编辑的工作，故选C。小题1:这篇短文主要描述了一家报社的工作人员一天的工作，故选A，报纸是怎样产生的。