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一、阅读理解（共5题）1、TheWorld’sWaterShortageTheworldisnotonlyhungry,butitisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly

70percent（百分比）oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97percentofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3percent－

thefreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources（资源）.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers（冰川）.Eve

nworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasing（增加）rapidly－a

lmostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoid（避免）asevere（严重的）worldwidewatershortagelateron.Weallhavetole

arnhowtostopwastingourvaluablewater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Todayinmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonce

andthensentoutintoasewersystem（下水道）.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifying（净化）pl

ant.Thereitcanbetreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain,justasifitwerefreshfromaspring.Butevenifeverylargecityp

urifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe’dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreserves（贮备）ofseawaterintheworldisto

removethesalt.Ifwetakethesestepswe’llbeinnodangerofdryingup.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecausewecanonlyuse_________percentofthewatercoveringthes

urfaceoftheearth.A.3B.morethan3C.lessthan3D.972.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?A.Asthingsremainunchanging,thissmallamountoffreshwateriss

tillenoughforus.B.Ourneedforwaterisbecominglargerandlarger.C.Therewillbenowatershortageinthefuture.D

.Weshouldtakestepstodealwiththewatershortageproblem.3.Toreusewater,weshould__________.A.treatitwithchemi

calsB.useitonlyonceC.senditoutintoasewersystemD.makeitflowintoundergroundtanks4.Inordertohaveenoughwater,weshou

ldalsomakeuseof_________.A.icebergsandglaciersB.seawaterC.riversandlakeD.undergroundwater5.Inthepassage,thewritertel

lsus________.A.tomakeenoughwaterB.topaymoreattentiontothewatershortageproblemC.topipeusedwatertoapuri

fyingplantD.toreusethewater2、PollutionHundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistoday.Peopledidn’thavemodernmachines.Therewas

nomodernmedicine,either.Lifetodayhasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthebiggestispollution（污染）.Waterpollutionhasmadeourriversandlakesdirty.Itkill

sourfishandpollutedourdrinkingwater.Noisepollutionmakesustalklouderandbecomeangrymoreeasily.Airpollutionisthe

mostseriouskindofpollution.It’sbadtoalllivingthingsintheworld.Cars,planesandfactoriesallpolluteouraireveryday.Sometimes

thepollutedairissothickthatitislikeaquiltoveracity.Thiskindofquiltiscalledsmog（烟雾）.Manycountriesaremakingrulestofight

pollution.Factoriesmustnowcleantheirwaterbeforeitisthrownaway,theymustn’tblowdirtysmokeintotheair.Weneedtodomanyotherthings.We

canputwastethingsinthedustbinandnotthrowitontheground.Wecangotoworkbybusorwithourfriendsinthesamecar.Iftherearefewerpeopledriving,therewill

belesspollution.Rulesarenotenough.Everypersonmusthelptofightpollution.1.Hundredsofyearsago,lifewasmuchharderthanitistodaybecause___

____.A.therewerenotanymodernmachinesB.therewasnomodernmedicineC.bothAandBD.therewerenotmanypeople2.Whatisthebiggestproble

mintoday’slife?A.WaterpollutionB.AirpollutionC.NoiseD.Pollution3.Themostseriouskindofpollutionis________.A.noisepollutionB.airpollutionC.waterp

ollutionD.A,BandC4.Factoriesmustcleantheirwater________.A.beforetheyarethrownawayB.whentheyarethrownawayC.afteritisthrowna

wayD.beforeitisthrownaway5.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A.afewyearsago,therewasnosmogatallB.todaypeopledon’thavet

otalktoeachotherinaloudvoiceC.wecandrinkwaterfromthepollutedriversandlakes’D.peoplearemakingrulesinordertofightpollution3、Therehavebeenmanygreatinv

entionsthatchangedthewaywelive.Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday-thewheel.Thisinventionmadeiteasiertocarryhe

avythingsandtotravellongdistances.Intheearly1800stheworldstartedtochange.Therewaslittleunknownlandintheworld

.Peoplebegantoworktomakelifebetter.Inthe19thcentury,manygreatinventionsweremade.Amongthemwerethecamerasandthelightbulbs.Thereweremoregreati

nventionsintheearly20thcentury,suchasthehelicoptersin1907,movieswithsoundin1910andjetplanesinthe1930s.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanewmaterialwas

firstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Bythistimemostpeoplehavehadaverygoodlife.M

anhasadesiretoexploremore.Theworldwasknowntomanbutthestarswerenot.Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.Sincethenot

hercountries,includingtheUnitedStatesandChina,havemadetheirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststep.AnAmericanfirstwalkedonthemoon.Thi

siscertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneverdreamedof.1.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whycarswerev

eryimportantB.whenthelightbulbwasinventedC.whichcountrymadethefirststepintospaceD.theprocess(进程)ofinventions2.Nylonc

ameoutnearlyatthesametimeas_______.A.thehelicopterB.thecameraC.jetplanesD.movies3._______madethefirststepinto

space.A.RussiaB.ChinaC.AmericaD.Japan4.Whatdoes"adesire"meaninParagraph4?A.agoodwayB.anewinventionC.astrongwishD.awonderfulidea5

.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTtrue?A.Thewheelwasthefirstgreatinvention,butitisnotveryimportanttoday.B.AnAmericanfirststeppedonthemoon.C.Intheearly1800

stherewaslittleunknownland.D.Newinventionswillchangeourlivesgreatlyinthefuture.4、Manyofusbelievethataperson’smindbecomesles

sactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDrJarvik,professorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia.Sh

ehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsoftwins(双胞胎),whowerefirstexaminedwhen

theywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgen

erallydecline(衰弱)aswasexpected.However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertofinishment

altasksthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectual(智力的)abilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,DrJarvik’sstudieshavesho

wnthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlywiththoseintheir30sand40s,butwiththoseintheir60sand70sasw

ell.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthattheirmemoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“lossofmemory”

isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision

,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastaspeed.Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstogetworse,itisnotnecessarilyasignofdeclineduetooldage.O

ftenitissimplyasignofasademotionalstate.小题1:Thispassageismainlyabout_______.A．whatcausedmentaldeclineB．anewdiscoveryaboutmentaldeclineC

．thedifferencebetweenmiddle-agedandolderpersonsD．howDrJarvikstudiedmentalfunctioningofthetwins小题2:Theword“psychiatry”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans

_______.A．thestudyofdiseasesofthemindB．thestudyofphysicaldiseasesC．thestudyoftwins’growthD．thestudyofhumanbehavior小题3:Moreoftenthannot

,whatwecallmentaldeclineisactuallyasignof_______.A．aworseningstateofhealthB．oldageC．nervoustensionD．astateofunhappines

s5、Everymorning,thenewspaperchiefeditor(主编)holdsameetingwiththereporters.Theydiscussthemainevents(事件)oftheday.Reportersarethensenttocoverthe

events.Assoonasthereportersknowwhattowriteabout,theygetdowntowork.Theytelephonepeopleandfixatimeforaface-to-facei

nterviewwiththem.Sometimestheydotelephoneinterviews.Checkinginformationisveryimportant.Theygotothenewspaper’sownlibrarytolookupanyin

formationthattheyneed.Thisiscalled“doingone’shomework”.Atthesametime,thepictureeditordecideswhichphotograph

swillbeusedforthenextday’spaper.Allthepeoplewhoworkonanewspapermustbeabletoworkfast.Reportershavetostopworkin

gononestoryandstartworkingatonceontheimportantnewone.Theymustfindoutthenewinformationasquicklyaspossible.Laterintheday,everything

isputtogetheratthenewsdesk.Reportersreturn,typetheirstoriesintothecomputerandhandthemtotheeditor.Thechiefeditordecideswhichwi

llbethemostimportantstoryonthefrontpage.Sometimesthiswillhavetobechangedifsomethingmoreimportanthappenslateintheday.Othereditorsreadt

hestorieswhichthereportershavewrittenandmakeanynecessarychanges.Finally,thereisnomoretimeleftforaddingnewsto

ries,andthetimeforprinting(印刷)thenewspaperhascome.Thisisdoneonfast-movingprintingmachines.Thenewspapersaret

hendelivered(发送)bytruck,planeorrail.Speedisimportant.Peoplewanttobuythelatestnewspaper;nobodywantstobuyye

sterday’s.小题1:Whatistheworkinanewspaperofficelike?A．InterestingandconfusingB．Importantandpatient.C．Particularandnecessary.D．Fastand

busy.小题2:Accordingtothepassage,therightorderforareporter’sworkis____________.a.writingstoriesb.doinginterviewsc

.joininginadiscussiond.doinghomeworke.handingstoriestotheeditorA．cbadeB．cdeabC．cbdaeD．cadbe小题3:Thefrontpage

contents(内容)aredecidedby___________.A．theimportanceoftheeventsB．howwellthestoriesarewrittenC．theknowledgeofthechiefeditorD．whetherthey

arethelatest小题4:Wordeditors’workisto____________.A．helpthechiefeditorwiththemorningdiscussionB．decidewhenandhowthepaper

scanbeprintedC．readthestoriesandmakenecessarychangesD．gettogetherinformationfromreportersandphotograph

ers小题5:Thebesttitleforthispassageis“____________”.A．HowanewspaperisproducedB．HownewspapersaredeliveredC．Whatkindofpapersr

eaderslikeD．Whoseworkismoreimportant============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、CCABB2、CDBDD3、答案：DCACA解析：科普类的阅读：科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识

的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。4、小题1:B小题2:A小题3:D试题分析：人们往往认为随着年龄的增长，人的智力有所下降，而且大脑功能也变得不再活跃。然而加利福尼亚大学的DrJ

arvik却通过研究发现人大脑的知识和推理能力不会随着人的年龄而减弱，只不过在思考问题的速度上有所减缓，而且表面上记忆力的衰退也不过是因为他们对事情没有全面了解而已。小题1:B主旨大意题。在文章开头作者提出人们对大脑的错误认识，然后介绍了大学的DrJarvik的研究结果，随后两段

均围绕这一话题展开行文，由此可知文章中心内容是介绍一项关于大脑智力下降的研究报告，所以B选项正确。小题2:A词意猜测题。根据下文可知DrJarvik是从事大脑方面疾病研究的，由此推断psychiatry意思为“精神病学”所以A选项正确。小题3:D细节理解题。根据文章末句

Oftenitissimplyasignofasademotionalstate.可知人们往往认为metaldecline只是一种不快乐状态的征兆、表现。所以D选项正确。5、答案:小题1:D小题1:C小题1:A小题1:C小题1:A解析:小题1

:通过短文描述，可知报社的工作是忙碌的，故选D，紧急忙碌的。小题1:通过阅读短文，可知下列事件的顺序是cbdae，故选C。小题1:根据Thechiefeditordecideswhichwillbethemostimportantstor

yonthefrontpage.描述，可知首页内容有事件的重要性决定。故选A。小题1:根据Othereditorsreadthestorieswhichthereportershavewrittenandmakeanynecessarychanges.描述，可知这属于文字编辑的工作，故选C。小

题1:这篇短文主要描述了一家报社的工作人员一天的工作，故选A，报纸是怎样产生的。