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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustrationn．插图；图示；解释→illustrativeadj.解

释的；说明的2．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousnessn．宝贵；可贵3．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriedadj.已婚的4．majoradj.主要的；重要的→majo

rityn．大部分；大多数5．complainvt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn．抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告6．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复7．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决8．ap

pointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；预约；约定9．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选10．scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对„„感到惊慌或恐惧的11．energyn．精力；活动→ener

geticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意①Youshouldfollowthetraditionalmoralstandards.道德的②Youngpeoplehav

enomoralsthesedays.品行；道德③Themoralisthatcrimedoesn'tpay.寓意，教益2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的①Wecouldheartheirvoicesgrowi

ngfainterastheywalkeddowntheroad.微弱的②Thewomaninfrontofmefaintedsuddenly.昏倒3．tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会①

Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.往往会②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.倾向；趋于③Thenurseistendingtheinjured.照顾WordsAndPhrases知识要点1ca

rrysb.throughsth.帮助某人度过难关(教材P16)ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman，andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚

这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。[例1]Hisdeterminationcarriedhimthroughthehardtime.他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。[例2]Itwasyourhelpthatcarriedthem

throughthehardesttimeintheforeigncountry.就是你的帮助帮她们度过了在国外的艰难的日子。[造句]就是对医学的热爱支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。Itwasthelovetomedicinet

hatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.[知识拓展]carrysb.backtosth.使回想起；使回忆carryoff赢得；获得；成功的对付carryon继续移动carryout实施；

执行；落实carrysth.through成功完成；顺利实现[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough．②Theyarecarryingouttheplannow.③Pleasecarryonwith

yourworkwhileI'maway.④Hecarriedoffmostoftheprizes.知识要点2majority大部分；大多数(教材P16)Atage18，insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethem

ajorityofgirls，shechosetostudymedicine.在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之路。[例1]Boysareverymuchintheminoritya

tthedancingclass.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。[例2]Ourcountryisatraditionalagriculturalsociety，withamajorityoffarmingpopulation.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。[例3]Forexampl

e，ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert，themajorityareovertheageoffifty.例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。[造句](2015·浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观

点。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.[知识拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多数„„beinthe/

amajority占大部分/大多数(2)minorityn.少数beintheminority占少数(3)majorn．&v.主修；专业majorin主修„„；以„„为专业[即学即练]单句语法填空①Onlyasmall

numberofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkareinthemajority.②Themajorityofthelandhasbeendestroyed(d

estroy)sofar.③Someoftheplaystoldsadstories，butthemajorityoftheplayswere(be)reallyfunny.[提示](1)themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)themajorityof＋

复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词知识要点3respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说“我

宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。[例1]Cliverespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh.克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。[例2]Thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimisticwhenasked

aboutthecompany'sfuture.问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。[造句]你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。Youcanrelyonhimtorespondtoachallenge.[知识拓展](1)respondtosth.对„„做出反应/回答(2)responsen.回答；

反应inresponseto对„„做出反应make(a)responseto回答/响应„„；对„„做出反应[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thediseasequicklyrespondedtothetreatment.②Inresponsetotheaudience'

sgreatdemand，theplaywill/wouldbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.③Hemadenoresponse(respond)tomysuggestion，

whichmademeverydisappointed.[小片段助记]Hecameupwiththesuggestiononthequestionatthemeetlastnight.Somepeoplequicklyrespondedtothesuggestionwhilethema

jorityofthempresentatthemeetmadenoresponsetoit.Sotheydecidedtohaveanothermeetinresponsetothequestion.知识要点4rejectvt.拒绝接受

；不录用(教材P16)DrLin，however，rejectedtheoffer.然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。[例1]Theprimeministerrejectedanyideaofreformingthesystem.首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。[例2]Seventeenpubl

ishersrejectedthemanuscriptbeforeJenkssawitspotential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。[造句]所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。I'vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIapplie

dto.[知识拓展](1)rejectsth.拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事(2)rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thenewmanager'sproposalmetwithfi

rmrejection(reject)．②Hesaidthathehadbeenrejected(reject)bytheuniversityhehadbeendreamingof.[小片段助记]Johnhasbeendream

ingofworkinginthecompany.Heinsistsonapplyingforajobinthecompanythough，hehasbeenrejected(reject)manytimes.Oncehee

vensaidtheirrejection(reject)madehimmoreeagertowantajobinit.知识要点5appointvt.任命；委派(教材P16)In1941，DrLinbecamethefirs

tChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，...在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，„„[例1]Dotheyappoi

nthimasthesecretary?他们任命他为秘书了吗？[例2]Theyhaveanewheadteacheratmyson'sschool.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。[例3]IhaveanappointmentwithDrSmith，bu

tIneedtochangeit.我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。[造句]他们任命他为英格兰队队长。TheyappointedhimascaptainoftheEnglishteam.[知识拓展](1)

appointsb.toapost派某人任某职appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为„„appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会/预约keep/breakanappointme

nt守/违约[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasappointed(appoint)generalmanagerforhisrichexperience.②TheyappointTomtotake(take)c

hargeofalltheactivitiesonthatday.③Ifyouwanttoseethedoctor，you'dbetterhaveanappointment(appoint)withhiminadvance.知识要

点6electvt.选举；推选(教材P17)In1954，shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand，...1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，„„

[例1]Heiselectedtobetheleadershipoftheparty.他被推举为党的领导人。[例2]Youcanelecttostayheretill5o'clockorleaveatonce.你可以选择在这里待到5

点或者马上离开。[造句]购买者可选择逐月分期付款。Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinstallment.[知识拓展](1)electtodosth.选择做某事electsb.to...选举某人进入„„electsb.(as)...选举某人担任„„electsb

.todosth.选举某人做某事(2)electionn.选举[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.②IfIamluckytobeelected(elect)，Iwillmakeeverye

fforttoserveforthebenefitsofstudentsandourclub.③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthe

citizenstovote.[小片段助记]Hewaselectedasourmonitorintheelectionofourclassyesterday.Asourmonitor，hecanelecttomanageourclas

sbyhimself，andhecanalsoelectsomeclassmatestohelphimtomanageit.知识要点7tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(教材P17)Shewasmoreinterestedintend

ingpatients，...她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，„„[例1]Theoldtendtobecheatedeasily.老年人更容易被欺骗。[例2]Shetended(to)herhusbandcare

fullyduringhisillness.丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。[造句]这就意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheat

mospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.[知识拓展](1)tendtodo...往往会/易于做某事„„tend(to)sb./sth.照顾/护理/看护„„(2)tendencyn.倾向T

hereisatendency(forsb.)todosth.＝(sb.)have/hasatendencytowardssth./todosth.倾向于(做)„„[提示]“照料，护理”的多种表达法：lookafter/takecareof/keepaneyeon/

attend(to)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theboytends(tend)tolikeplayingfootball.②Hetended(tend)mydogwhileIwasaway.[小片段助记]Nowthereisatendencyformoreandmor

eyoungpeopletotakeexerciseinthegym.Becausetherearesometrainerstendingtoyouwhenyouareintroublethere.You'dbetternotgothereatabout6：00，sinceittendstog

etverycrowdedthen.知识要点8scareadj.害怕的；对„„感到惊慌和恐惧的(教材P17)Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforg

othowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。[例1]Sheisscaredofgoingoutalone.她不敢一个人外出。[例2]ItscaredmetothinkIwasaloneinthebuilding.想

到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。[造句]我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！Itoldmyselftheyweren'tdangerousbutthatdidn'tstopmefromfeelingscaredtodeathfo

ramomentscare...away...把„„吓跑(2)bescaredof(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事(3)scaringadj.令人害怕的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Mostofusareeagerforsuccessandscaredoffailure

.②Thepoorgirlwassoscared(scare)thatshenearlyburstintotears.③Hewasscaredtodeath(die)onseeingtheterrifyingscene.④

Thatscaring(scare)moviewassoterrifyingthatMarkfeltfrightenedatthethoughtofit.知识要点9replacevt.接替；取代；更换(教材P17)Thestudentunionwillholdaspe

cialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。[例1]JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtotak

etheplaceof(＝replace)him.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。[例2]Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他们用昂贵的新跑

车取代了心爱的旧车。[造句]有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.[知识拓展](1)replaceAwith/by

B用B取代Areplacesb.as...取代某人成为„„(2)taketheplaceofsb.＝takesb.'splace代替某人inplaceof代替inplace在适当的位置，恰当的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisgenerallybelievedthattea

cherswillneverbereplacedby/withcomputersinclass.②Shecan'tattendthemeeting，soherassistantwilltaketheplaceofher.③Nowthatthesebasicswereinplace，Iwa

sreadytogoallouttocarryouttheplan.SentencePatterns重点句式1否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式(教材P16)Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了„„

句式分析：否定词＋比较级“没有比„„更„„；没有像„„一样„„”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。[例1]Mr.Stevensonisgreatto

workfor—Ireallycouldn'taskforabetterboss.为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned，nothingismoreimportantthanha

rdstudy.就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要的了。[造句]没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。Nothingismorevaluablethantime，butnothingislessvalued.[知识拓展](1)比较级

＋than＋anyother＋单数名词（all）theother＋复数名词anyoneelseanyoftheother＋复数名词therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋形

容词/副词＋enoughtoo＋形容词/副词[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①IenjoyedmyselfatthepartylastnightbecauseIhadneverbeentoamoreexciting(exciting)oneb

efore.②Tomismoreintelligent(intelligent)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.③Remember，nooneisbetter(good)thanyouandnooneissmarter(smar

t)thanyou.(2)完成句子①你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。Yourstoryisperfect；I'veneverheardabetteonebefore．②汤姆是我们班

最高的学生。Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.③过马路时，你越小心越好。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.重点句式2wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事(教材P16)Sheres

ponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”句式分析：句中wouldrather(not)dosth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。[例1]H

ewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。[例2]Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldrathernotliveinbigcities.现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。[造句]为了过低碳生活，

有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。Tolivealowcarbonlife，somepeoplewouldratherrideabikethandriveacartowork.[知识拓展](1)wouldratherdosth.thandosth.woulddos

th.ratherthandosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.宁愿做某事（而）不愿做某事(2)wouldratherthat＋主语＋didsth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟(3)wouldrat

herthat＋主语＋haddonesth.表示对过去的虚拟[提示]①使用wouldrather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。②wouldrather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。[

即学即练](1)一句多译简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。①Janeisaquietgirl，whowouldratherstayinthelibrarythangotoseeamovie.②Janeisaqu

ietgirl，whopreferstostayinthelibraryratherthangotoseeamovie.③Janeisaquietgirl，whoprefersstayinginthel

ibrarytogoingtoseeamovie.(2)单句语法填空①Shewouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrowthantoday.②Iwouldratheryouhadfinished(finish)yourho

meworkyesterday.重点句式3see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法(教材P17)ThenewPeople'sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新生的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键

作用。句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。[例1]NationalDaysawpeoplesinginganddancinghapp

ilyinthestreet.Theywereallverycheerful.国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。[例2]Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevillageinthepa

sttwohundredyears.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。[造句]过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。Thelastfortyyearshaveseenthegreatestchangesinmanyfieldsofourc

ountry.[知识拓展]与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。[即学即练](1)单句语法

填空①Thecitysaw(see)aseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDr.Kingwasshottodeathin1968.②Theyear1949w

itnessed(witness)thefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.③Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，ourcityhaswitnessed(witness)quiteafewcha

ngesinrecentyears.(2)完成句子①过去的三十年里制定了大量保障我们权利的法律。Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.②黄昏时，一个小女孩

在街上哭。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryinginthestreet.1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，andiftheyen

trustmewiththatlife，howcouldIrefusethattrust，sayingI'mcold，hungryortired?[分析]本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。[译

文]对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？2．ShegreatlyimpressedherAmericancolleagues，whoinvitedhertostay，DrLin，

however，rejectedtheoffer.[分析]本句为并列句，由however引导表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。[译文]她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。

然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。教材高考1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...(2015·湖南卷)Asastudent，Icantellyouthatthereis

nothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbeforemyclassmates.2.DrLindidn'tretireuntilthedayshedied.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)...Shehadnoplan

storetirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3.Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysician...(2019·北京卷)Thestud

entswhohe'sdrivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians...Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Asweallknow，nothingismoreprecious(precious

)thanhealth.2．Sheresponded(respond)tomyquestionafterawhile.3．Themajorityofthepeoplewere/are(be)infavourofthesuggestionatthemeeting

.4．Herejected(reject)theofferofstudyinginAmericaandsettleddowntohisworkathome.5．Atlasthewasappointed(

appoint)asmanagerofthecompany.6．Hehasworkedthelandforabout4decades(decade)sincehegraduatedfromthecollege.7．Theoldandtheyoungtendtobecheated(cheat)mor

eeasilythanothers.8．Afterretirement(retire)，IintendtolearncookingandFrench.9．Itgivestheoldmangreatpleasuretomeettheseenerget

ic(energy)youngpeople.10．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplaced(replace)withcomputersinclass.Ⅱ

.语境填空moraldilemma；carrysb.throughsth.；inthemajority；tuitionfees；respondto；inresponseto；residentphysician；tendto；r

eplace...with；bescaredof1．Whenhemetwiththemoraldilemma，hedidn'tknowhowtodealwithit.2．Thelittlegirlwasscaredofstayi

ngathomealoneatnight.3．WedecidedtoreplaceLiLeiwithTomasourmonitor.4．Girlstendtolikeplayingdollswhileboyslikeplayingguns.5．Thegove

rnmentquicklyrespondedtotheaccidentthathappenedintheschool.6．Theytookimmediateactioninresponsetothestudents'

greatdemand.7．TheChinesepeopleareinthemajorityinthesportmeetheldinWuhan.8．Hetookapart-timejobtoaffordthehightuitionfeeswhilestudyinginEng

land.9．Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatcarriedmethroughthehardesttimeofmylife.10．Shewashiredasaresidentphys

icianintheOB-GYNdepartmentaftershegraduatedfromthemedicalcollege.Ⅲ.课文语法填空AsDrLinQiaozhisaid“Toapersonnothingis1.________(preciou

s)thantheirlife.”Thesewordsofhergiveusalookintotheheartoftheamazingwomanand2.________carriedherthroughalifeofhard

choices.Atage18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathof3.________(marry)likethemajorityofgirls.Onceshe4.________(re

spond)toherbrother'scomplaint.“Iwouldrather5.________(stay)singletostudyallmylife.”Atage26，she6.________(hire)asaresidentphysicianin

theOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospitalimmediatelywhenshegraduated.After7.________(work)forafewyears，shewassenttostudyabroad，whe

reshe8.________(reject)theofferfromherforeigncolleagues.Shewantedtoservethewomenandchildrenathome.In1941，she

wasappointeddirectoroftheOB­GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，9.________later，thedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.Soshe10._____

___(open)aprivateclinictohelpthepeopleinneed.[答案]1.moreprecious2.what3.marriage4.responded5.stay6.washired7.working8.reje

cted9.but10.opened