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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．illustratevt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→illustrationn．插图；图示；解释→illustrativeadj.解释的；说

明的2．preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的→preciousnessn．宝贵；可贵3．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriedadj.已婚的4．majoradj.主要的；

重要的→majorityn．大部分；大多数5．complainvt.&vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn．抱怨；埋怨；投诉；控告6．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复7．reje

ctvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决8．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；预约；约定9．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选10．scarevt.惊

吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对„„感到惊慌或恐惧的11．energyn．精力；活动→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的1．moraladj.道德的；道义上的n.品行；道德；寓意①Youshouldfo

llowthetraditionalmoralstandards.道德的②Youngpeoplehavenomoralsthesedays.品行；道德③Themoralisthatcrimedoesn'tpay.寓意，教益2．faintvi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微

弱的①Wecouldheartheirvoicesgrowingfainterastheywalkeddowntheroad.微弱的②Thewomaninfrontofmefaintedsuddenly.昏倒3．tendvt.

照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于；常常就；往往会①Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.往往会②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.倾向；趋于③Thenurseistendingtheinjured.照顾W

ordsAndPhrases知识要点1carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人度过难关(教材P16)ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman，andwhatcarried

herthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。[例1]Hisdeterminationcarr

iedhimthroughthehardtime.他靠坚强的信心度过了这段艰难的岁月。[例2]Itwasyourhelpthatcarriedthemthroughthehardesttimeintheforeigncountry.就是你的帮助帮她们度过了在国外的艰难的日子。[造句]就是

对医学的热爱支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。Itwasthelovetomedicinethatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.[知识拓展]carrysb.backt

osth.使回想起；使回忆carryoff赢得；获得；成功的对付carryon继续移动carryout实施；执行；落实carrysth.through成功完成；顺利实现[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontoc

arryitthrough．②Theyarecarryingouttheplannow.③PleasecarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.④Hecarriedoffmostoftheprizes.知识要点2majority大部分；大多数(教材P1

6)Atage18，insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls，shechosetostudymedicine.在十八岁时她选择了学医而不是像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻之

路。[例1]Boysareverymuchintheminorityatthedancingclass.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。[例2]Ourcountryisatraditionalagriculturalsociety，withamajorityoffarmingpopulation

.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。[例3]Forexample，ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert，themajorityareovertheageoffifty.例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是

五十岁以上的。[造句](2015·浙江卷)当我有不同的观点时，我可能会选择放弃并尊重大多数人的观点。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespe

cttheopinionofthemajority.[知识拓展](1)a/themajorityof...大多数„„beinthe/amajority占大部分/大多数(2)minorityn.少数beintheminority

占少数(3)majorn．&v.主修；专业majorin主修„„；以„„为专业[即学即练]单句语法填空①Onlyasmallnumberofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletaking

subwaytoworkareinthemajority.②Themajorityofthelandhasbeendestroyed(destroy)sofar.③Someoftheplaystoldsadstories，butthe

majorityoftheplayswere(be)reallyfunny.[提示](1)themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。(2)themajorityof＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词知识要点3respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；

回应(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说“我宁愿为终身学习而保持单身”。[例1]Cliverespondedtomysuggestionwithalaugh.克利夫对我提的

建议报以一笑。[例2]Thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimisticwhenaskedaboutthecompany'sfuture.问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依

然乐观。[造句]你可以相信他迎接挑战的能力。Youcanrelyonhimtorespondtoachallenge.[知识拓展](1)respondtosth.对„„做出反应/回答(2)responsen.回答；反应inresp

onseto对„„做出反应make(a)responseto回答/响应„„；对„„做出反应[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thediseasequicklyrespondedtothetreatment.②

Inresponsetotheaudience'sgreatdemand，theplaywill/wouldbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.③Hemadenoresponse(respond)tomysug

gestion，whichmademeverydisappointed.[小片段助记]Hecameupwiththesuggestiononthequestionatthemeetlastnight.Somepeoplequickly

respondedtothesuggestionwhilethemajorityofthempresentatthemeetmadenoresponsetoit.Sotheydecidedtohaveanothermeetinresponsetothequestion.知识要点4rej

ectvt.拒绝接受；不录用(教材P16)DrLin，however，rejectedtheoffer.然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。[例1]Theprimeministerrejectedanyideaofreformingthesystem.首相对

任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。[例2]SeventeenpublishersrejectedthemanuscriptbeforeJenkssawitspotential.17家出版社回绝了这部手稿，直到詹克斯看到了它的潜在价值。[造句]所有我申请

的大学都没有录取我。I'vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.[知识拓展](1)rejectsth.拒绝接受某事；不予考虑某事(2)rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决[即学即练]单句语法填空①Thenewman

ager'sproposalmetwithfirmrejection(reject)．②Hesaidthathehadbeenrejected(reject)bytheuniversityhehadbeendreamingof.[小

片段助记]Johnhasbeendreamingofworkinginthecompany.Heinsistsonapplyingforajobinthecompanythough，hehasbeenrejected(reject)manytimes.Onceheevensaidtheirr

ejection(reject)madehimmoreeagertowantajobinit.知识要点5appointvt.任命；委派(教材P16)In1941，DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappo

inteddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，...在1941年，林博士成为第一位曾被任命为协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性，„„[例1]Dotheya

ppointhimasthesecretary?他们任命他为秘书了吗？[例2]Theyhaveanewheadteacheratmyson'sschool.我儿子读书的学校任命了一位新校长。[例3]IhaveanappointmentwithDrSmith，bu

tIneedtochangeit.我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改约。[造句]他们任命他为英格兰队队长。TheyappointedhimascaptainoftheEnglishteam.[知识拓展](1)appointsb.toapost派某

人任某职appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人为„„appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会/预约keep/break

anappointment守/违约[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasappointed(appoint)generalmanagerforhisrichexperience.②TheyappointTomtotake(take)chargeof

alltheactivitiesonthatday.③Ifyouwanttoseethedoctor，you'dbetterhaveanappointment(appoint)withhiminadvance.知识要点6electvt.选举；推选(教材P17)In1954，shewase

lectedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand，...1954年，她第一次被选为人大代表，„„[例1]Heiselectedtobetheleadershipofthep

arty.他被推举为党的领导人。[例2]Youcanelecttostayheretill5o'clockorleaveatonce.你可以选择在这里待到5点或者马上离开。[造句]购买者可选择逐月分期付款。Purchaserscanelecttopayinmonthlyinsta

llment.[知识拓展](1)electtodosth.选择做某事electsb.to...选举某人进入„„electsb.(as)...选举某人担任„„electsb.todosth.选举某人做某事(2)electionn.选举[即学即练]单句语法填空

①Hewaselectedasourmonitoratthebeginningoftheterm.②IfIamluckytobeelected(elect)，Iwillmakeeveryefforttoserveforthebene

fitsofstudentsandourclub.③Thelowlevelofinterestintheelection(elect)hasbeenreflectedintheunwillingnessofthecitizenstovote.[小片段助记]Hewaselectedas

ourmonitorintheelectionofourclassyesterday.Asourmonitor，hecanelecttomanageourclassbyhimself，andhecanalsoelectsomeclassmatestohelphimtomanageit.知

识要点7tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于(教材P17)Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients，...她更感兴趣的是照顾病人，„„[例1]Theoldtendto

becheatedeasily.老年人更容易被欺骗。[例2]Shetended(to)herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.丈夫生病期间，她无微不至地照顾他。[造句]这就意味着更多的热量

被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.[知识拓展](1)t

endtodo...往往会/易于做某事„„tend(to)sb./sth.照顾/护理/看护„„(2)tendencyn.倾向Thereisatendency(forsb.)todosth.＝(sb.)have/hasatende

ncytowardssth./todosth.倾向于(做)„„[提示]“照料，护理”的多种表达法：lookafter/takecareof/keepaneyeon/attend(to)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theboytends(te

nd)tolikeplayingfootball.②Hetended(tend)mydogwhileIwasaway.[小片段助记]Nowthereisatendencyformoreandmoreyoungpeopletotakeexercis

einthegym.Becausetherearesometrainerstendingtoyouwhenyouareintroublethere.You'dbetternotgothereatabout6：00，sinceittendstogetverycrowdedthen.知识

要点8scareadj.害怕的；对„„感到惊慌和恐惧的(教材P17)Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforgothowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.在面试时，她太害怕了以至完全忘了如何回答问题。[例1

]Sheisscaredofgoingoutalone.她不敢一个人外出。[例2]ItscaredmetothinkIwasaloneinthebuilding.想到楼里只有我一个人我挺害怕的。[造句]我告诉自己它们并不危险，但是这样一点儿也不能抑制我那怕的要死的心情！Itoldmys

elftheyweren'tdangerousbutthatdidn'tstopmefromfeelingscaredtodeathforamomentscare...away...把„„吓跑(2)bescare

dof(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事(3)scaringadj.令人害怕的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Mostofusareeagerforsuccessandscaredoffailure.②Thepoorgirlwassoscared(scare)thatshenearlyburstin

totears.③Hewasscaredtodeath(die)onseeingtheterrifyingscene.④Thatscaring(scare)moviewassoterrifyingthatMarkfeltfrightenedatth

ethoughtofit.知识要点9replacevt.接替；取代；更换(教材P17)ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetorep

lacethesecretary.学生会将在一月召开一个特别会议，来选举一个人接替这位秘书。[例1]JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtotaketheplaceof(＝replace)him.约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。[例2

]Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。[造句]有一类密码用符号来代替单词、短语或句子。Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phra

ses，orsentences.[知识拓展](1)replaceAwith/byB用B取代Areplacesb.as...取代某人成为„„(2)taketheplaceofsb.＝takesb.'spla

ce代替某人inplaceof代替inplace在适当的位置，恰当的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplacedby/withcomputersincl

ass.②Shecan'tattendthemeeting，soherassistantwilltaketheplaceofher.③Nowthatthesebasicswereinplace，Iwasreadytogoallouttoc

arryouttheplan.SentencePatterns重点句式1否定词与比较级连用表示最高级句式(教材P16)Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了„„句式分析：否定词

＋比较级“没有比„„更„„；没有像„„一样„„”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。[例1]Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn'taskforabetterboss.为史蒂文森

先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。[例2]AsfarasI'mconcerned，nothingismoreimportantthanhardstudy.就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要

的了。[造句]没有比时间更贵重的东西，但其他东西也同样宝贵。Nothingismorevaluablethantime，butnothingislessvalued.[知识拓展](1)比较级＋than＋anyother＋单数名词（all）theother＋复数名词anyoneels

eanyoftheother＋复数名词therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词(2)can/could＋never/not＋be＋形容词/副词＋enoughtoo＋形容词/副词[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Ienjoyedmyselfatthepartylastnightbec

auseIhadneverbeentoamoreexciting(exciting)onebefore.②Tomismoreintelligent(intelligent)thananyotherstudentinhis

class.③Remember，nooneisbetter(good)thanyouandnooneissmarter(smart)thanyou.(2)完成句子①你的故事太完美了；我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。Yourstoryispe

rfect；I'veneverheardabetteonebefore．②汤姆是我们班最高的学生。Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.③过马路时，你越小心越好。Youcanneve

rbetoocarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.重点句式2wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事(教材P16)Sheresponded，“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：

“我宁愿为终生学习而保持单身！”句式分析：句中wouldrather(not)dosth.意为“宁愿(不)做某事”。[例1]Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他更愿意把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。[例2]Nowadaysmoreandmo

repeoplewouldrathernotliveinbigcities.现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。[造句]为了过低碳生活，有些人宁愿骑车而不是开车去上班。Tolivealowcarbonlife，somepeoplewouldratherrideabike

thandriveacartowork.[知识拓展](1)wouldratherdosth.thandosth.woulddosth.ratherthandosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.tod

oingsth.宁愿做某事（而）不愿做某事(2)wouldratherthat＋主语＋didsth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟(3)wouldratherthat＋主语＋haddonesth.表示对过去的虚拟[提示]①使用wouldrather...than...句型时要注意平

行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。②wouldrather后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。[即学即练](1)一句多译简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。①Janeisaquietgirl，whow

ouldratherstayinthelibrarythangotoseeamovie.②Janeisaquietgirl，whopreferstostayinthelibraryratherthangotoseeamovie.③Janeisaquietgirl，whopr

efersstayinginthelibrarytogoingtoseeamovie.(2)单句语法填空①Shewouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrowthantoday.②Iwouldrat

heryouhadfinished(finish)yourhomeworkyesterday.重点句式3see表“见证；目睹；经历”时的用法(教材P17)ThenewPeople'sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayinga

keyrole.新生的中华人民共和国见证了林巧稚博士所起的关键作用。句式分析：see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。[例1]NationalDaysawpeoplesinginganddancin

ghappilyinthestreet.Theywereallverycheerful.国庆节人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。他们都兴高采烈。[例2]Theoldtemplehasseengreatchangesofthevilla

geinthepasttwohundredyears.这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。[造句]过去40年来见证了我国各个领域的巨大变化。Thelastfortyyearshaveseenthegreatestchangesinmany

fieldsofourcountry.[知识拓展]与see用法相同的动词有find，witness，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①T

hecitysaw(see)aseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthe1960sandDr.Kingwasshottodeathin1968.②Theyear1949witnessed(witness)thefo

undingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.③Witheconomydevelopingatgreatspeed，ourcityhaswitnessed(witness)quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.(2)完成句子①过去的三十年里制定了大量保

障我们权利的法律。Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingusourrights.②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。Theduskfoundalittlegirlcryin

ginthestreet.1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife，andiftheyentrustmewiththatlife，howcouldIrefusethattrust，sayingI'mcold，hungryortired?[

分析]本句为并列句，由and连接，在后一个句子中，有if引导的条件状语从句，并且saying在后一句中作伴随状语。[译文]对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，如果他们把生命托付给我，我怎么能拒绝他们的信任，说我冷、饿或累呢？2．

ShegreatlyimpressedherAmericancolleagues，whoinvitedhertostay，DrLin，however，rejectedtheoffer.[分析]本句为并列句，由howe

ver引导表示转折。在前一个句子中有一个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰colleagues。[译文]她给她的美国同事留下了深刻印象，他们邀请她留在美国。然而，林博士拒绝了他们的邀请。教材高考1.Toapersonnothingismoreprec

iousthantheirlife...(2015·湖南卷)Asastudent，Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbymyteacherbe

foremyclassmates.2.DrLindidn'tretireuntilthedayshedied.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)...Shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3.Sh

eimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysician...(2019·北京卷)Thestudentswhohe'sdrivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians...Ⅰ.单句语法

填空1．Asweallknow，nothingismoreprecious(precious)thanhealth.2．Sheresponded(respond)tomyquestionafterawhile.3．Themajorityofthepeoplewere/

are(be)infavourofthesuggestionatthemeeting.4．Herejected(reject)theofferofstudyinginAmericaandsettleddowntohisworkathome.5．Atlasthew

asappointed(appoint)asmanagerofthecompany.6．Hehasworkedthelandforabout4decades(decade)sincehegraduatedfrom

thecollege.7．Theoldandtheyoungtendtobecheated(cheat)moreeasilythanothers.8．Afterretirement(retire)，IintendtolearncookingandFrench.9．Itgivestheoldmang

reatpleasuretomeettheseenergetic(energy)youngpeople.10．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbereplaced(replace)withcomputersinclass.Ⅱ.语境

填空moraldilemma；carrysb.throughsth.；inthemajority；tuitionfees；respondto；inresponseto；residentphysician；tendto；replace...with；bescaredof1．Whenh

emetwiththemoraldilemma，hedidn'tknowhowtodealwithit.2．Thelittlegirlwasscaredofstayingathomealoneatnight.3．Wedecid

edtoreplaceLiLeiwithTomasourmonitor.4．Girlstendtolikeplayingdollswhileboyslikeplayingguns.5．Thegovernmentquicklyrespondedtotheaccidentthathapp

enedintheschool.6．Theytookimmediateactioninresponsetothestudents'greatdemand.7．TheChinesepeopleareinthemajori

tyinthesportmeetheldinWuhan.8．Hetookapart-timejobtoaffordthehightuitionfeeswhilestudyinginEngland.9．Itwasyourgeneroushelpthatcarriedmethrought

hehardesttimeofmylife.10．ShewashiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentaftershegraduatedfromthemedicalcollege.Ⅲ.课文语法填空AsDrLinQiaozhi

said“Toapersonnothingis1.________(precious)thantheirlife.”Thesewordsofhergiveusalookintotheheartoftheamazingwomanand2.________carriedh

erthroughalifeofhardchoices.Atage18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathof3.________(marry)likethemajo

rityofgirls.Onceshe4.________(respond)toherbrother'scomplaint.“Iwouldrather5.________(stay)singletostudyallmylife.”Atage2

6，she6.________(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospitalimmediatelywhenshegraduated.After7.________(work)forafewyears

，shewassenttostudyabroad，whereshe8.________(reject)theofferfromherforeigncolleagues.Shewantedtoservethewomenandchildrenath

ome.In1941，shewasappointeddirectoroftheOB­GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital，9.________later，thedepartmentwasclosedbecau

seofthewar.Soshe10.________(open)aprivateclinictohelpthepeopleinneed.[答案]1.moreprecious2.what3.marriage4.responded5.stay6.washired

7.working8.rejected9.but10.opened