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SectionⅢGrammar——v.­ing形式作定语和表语v．­ing形式作定语和表语v．­ing形式在句中作定语和表语是本单元的语法内容。下面讲述一下它的具体含义和用法。[观察例句]1．Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets，enjo

yingtherelaxingatmosphere！Theperformanceswerejustamazing.2．AndIgetluckymoneyinredenvelopesfrommyparentsandrelatives，soit'sa

lwaysanexcitingtimeforme.3．PerhapsThanksgiving.Whatcouldbebetter？Familiesgettingtogetherandeatingdelicio

usfood，peoplewatchingsportsgamesonTV，friendslaughingandtalking，etc.4．Ithinkit'sChristmas.Ijustcan'ttakemyeyesofftheshininglightsontheChristmast

reeseverywhere.Lotsofsmilingfaces，andpeoplesingingChristmascarolsandwishingeachother“MerryChristmas！”[归纳用法]一、v.­ing形式作定语1．单个动词的-

ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。buildingmaterials＝materialsforbuil

ding建筑材料areadingroom＝aroomforreading阅览室(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。apuzzlingproblem＝aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody一个困扰人

的问题asurprisingresult＝aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果developingcountries＝countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家2．v.­ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一

个定语从句。(1)Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.＝Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。(2)Themanstandingther

eisPeter'sfather.＝ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。3．v.­ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。(1)Theappletree,swayi

nggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.＝Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。(2

)Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.＝Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher，livesinBeijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个老师。[提

示]有些情况下，动词的-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。作定语的v.­ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。[误]Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywil

lgiveusalecture.[正]Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用作状语，不作定语。[误]Thetemplehavingbeendestroy

edbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.[正]Thetemple(whichhasbeen)destroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。二、v.­ing形式作表语v．­ing形式作表语可分为两种

情况：现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。Myjobisinteresting.我的工作很有趣。Myjobisteaching.我的工作是教书。[提示]现在

分词和动名词作表语时的区别：第一句中的interesting为现在分词，它表示“工作”的特征；第二句中的teaching为动名词，它是对“工作”内容的进一步说明。正因为如此，动名词作表语时可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位

置。误：Interestingismyjob.正：Teachingismyjob.[即学即练]完成句子1．你告诉正在那边玩耍的孩子们别制造噪音了吗？Didyoutellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakean

ynoise?2．山顶上的庙宇是在明朝时建造的。ThetemplestandingonthetopofthehillwasbuiltintheMingDynasty.3．他昨晚看的电影很感人。Themoviehesawl

astnightwasverytouching．4．听到这个让人吃惊的消息，他很紧张。Hearingthesurprisingnews，hewasverynervous.5．当他在机场看到我时，给了我一个欢迎的拥抱。Hegave

meawelcominghugwhenhemetmeattheairport.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Herjobiskeeping(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.2．Cleaning(clean)womeninb

igcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.3．Noonehascomeupwithaconvincing(convince)explanationofwhythiskindofanimalisdyingout.4．Yester

day，ourmanager，representing(represent)ourcompany，madeaspeechatthemeeting.5．Themenworking(work)extrahoursgotanextrapay.6．Theroomisem

ptyexceptforabookshelfstanding(stand)inonecorner.7．Thehousesbeingbuilt(build)arefortheteachers.8．Theselanternshangingalongthestreetareamazing(a

maze)．9．Thenewsissoexciting(excite)thatallthestudentsjumpedwithjoy.10．Theworkers'taskiscollecting(collect)informatio

nfromallthematerial.Ⅱ.语法填空Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirl1.having(have)nofamilyandnoonetolovehe

r.Oneday，2.feeling(feel)verysadandlonely，shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.cau

ght(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadof4.flying(fly)away，thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.“Inret

urnforyourwonderfulkindness，”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl，“Iwillgiveyouanywishthatyouwouldlike5.toget(get).”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthen

replied，“Iwanttobehappy.”6．Leaning(lean)towardher,thefairywhisperedinherearandthendisappeared.Withthelittlegirl7.growing(grow)up，therewasnooneinthe

landhappierthanshewas.Everyonewantedtomakethemselves8.told(tell)thesecretofhappinessbyher.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer，“Thesecretofmyhappinessistha

tIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasdying,theneighborsallgatheredaroundher，9.fearing(fear)t

hatherunbelievablesecretofhappinesswoulddiewithher.Sotheybeggedhertotellthemwhatthegoodfairysaid.Thelovelyoldwomansimpl

ysmiledandsaid，“Shetoldmethateveryone,nomatterhowoldoryoung,howrichorpoor，hadneedofme.”Hearingthe10.interes

ting(interest)story，everyonebecamehappierfromthenon.