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Unit4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionⅣListeningandTalking&ReadingforWriting栏目导航栏目导航2泛读能初养成技栏目导航栏目导航3阅读Reading

2中的材料，选出最佳选项1．Whyaresomepeopleagainstspaceexplorationaccordingtothepassage？Becausetheythink________．A．itcost

toomuchtimeandmoneyB．itmightfeedtheworld'spoorC．itmayresultinpollutionandfataldiseasesD．itfailstorealisetheimportanceofs

paceexploration栏目导航栏目导航42．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofexploringspace?A．Fightingagainstworldhunger.B．Helpingfarmin

gtogrowmorefood.C．Changingthedataonlandandweatherpatterns.D．Promotingtechnologicalimprovementsaroundtheworld.栏目导航栏目导航53．Whatdidthepictureo

fEarthfromspacemakepeoplerealise?A．Wearelivingonaisland.B．Ourearth'sresourcesarelimited.C．Wecanfindwaysintheblacksea.D．Mar

sisthebestplanettoliveon.[答案]1－3ACB栏目导航栏目导航6WordsAndPhrases知识要点1lackn．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(教材P42)Astronauts'bonesa

ndmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity，sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday，whichwillhelpthemsta

yhealthy.在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。栏目导航栏目导航7[例1]Sheshowedalackofhumour.她缺乏幽默感。[例2]

Thecropsalldiedforlackofwater.庄稼因为缺水都死了。[例3]Hedidn'tgotherebecausehelackedcourage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。[造句]他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际

的能力。_________________________________________________________________________________________Theylackphysicalexerci

seandtheskilltocommunicatewiththeirfriendsfacetoface.栏目导航栏目导航8[知识拓展](1)lacksth.缺少某物(2)alackof...„„的缺乏forlackof

...因缺乏„„havenolackof...不缺乏„„(3)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺乏；缺少栏目导航栏目导航9[提示]lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用

作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。栏目导航栏目导航10[即学即练]单句语法填空①Moreandmorehigh­risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcities___lackofspace.②Though_______(lack)money，

hesenthissontocollege.forlacking栏目导航栏目导航11知识要点2arguevi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论(教材P44)Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmone

yexploringspace.有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。[例1]Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertain

mentoradvertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。栏目导航栏目导航12[例2]HearguedwithMaryaboutthebestplaceforaholiday.他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争

吵。[例3]Theworkersarguedfortheirrighttostrike.工人们为他们罢工的权力而辩护。[造句]我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。______________________________

___________________________________________Iarguethateveryoneofus(should)tryourbesttohelpthoseinneed.栏目导航栏目导航

13[知识拓展](1)arguefor...为„„而争论；为„„而辩护argueagainst争辩(反对„„)arguethat...(should)dosth.主张„„arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩

某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argumentn.争论；争辩；论点栏目导航栏目导航14[拓展延伸]表示“说服„„做„„”的其他表达：①persuadesb.todosth.②persuadesb

.intodoingsth.③convincesb.todosth.④talksb.intodoingsth.栏目导航栏目导航15[即学即练]单句语法填空①HowIregrettedarguing____heraboutt

heimportantquestion,whichmadeusallunhappy.②Wetriedmanywaystoarguehim____followingouradvice,butinvain.③Itisbeyond________(argue)thatDiaoyuIslan

dsbelongtoChina.withintoargument栏目导航栏目导航16知识要点3resultin导致；造成(教材P44)Ithasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesth

atnoworbitEarth.它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。[例1]Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinth

isincreaseincarbondioxide.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。栏目导航栏目导航17[例2]Ithadrainedheavilyforweeks，whichresu

ltedinseverefloodinthisarea.大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。[造句]她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。______________________________________________

_____________________________________________Hereffortsresultedinhersuccesswhileherbrother'sfailureresultedfromhislaziness.栏目导航栏目导航

18[知识拓展](1)resultin为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bringabout(引起；导致；致使)；leadto(导致)；contributeto(有助于；向„„投稿)等。(2)resultfrom由„„产生asaresultof由于„„的原因asa

result结果withoutresult毫无结果栏目导航栏目导航19[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Asweallknow，hishardworkresulted__hissuccess.②Asweallknow，hissuccessresulted____hishardwork.infro

m栏目导航栏目导航20(2)完成句子①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。Shesucceeded______________herhardwork.②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。Hemadeabigmistake，and___________，helosthisjob.asaresul

tofasaresult栏目导航栏目导航21知识要点4runout用完；耗尽(教材P45)Itisnecessarytofindanewhomeforpeopleinspace，astheresourceson

Earthwillrunout.在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。栏目导航栏目导航22[例1]Foodsupplieshadrunouttowardstheendofthetrip

.在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。[例2]Ourtimeisrunningout.我们的时间快没了。[造句]汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。__________________________________________Thepetrolhasrunou

t；thecarcan'tmove.栏目导航栏目导航23[知识拓展](1)runoutof用完；用光；用尽giveout耗尽；筋疲力尽useup用完；耗尽(2)runfor竞选；匆匆去取runacross偶然遇到runinto撞上；遇到；邂逅runthrough浏览；跑着穿过

栏目导航栏目导航24[明辨异同]runoutof/runout/giveout/useuprunoutof是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于useup，表示“用完；用尽”runout是不及物动词短语，通常以物

作主语，相当于giveoutgiveout可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等useup是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于runoutof栏目导航栏目导航25[即学即练]单句语法填空①Foodsuppliesintheflood­stricke

nareaarerunning___．Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.②Thetaxiran____thebikeandthemanonthebikewasth

rownoff.③Sheran______anoldfriendofhersonthewaytothestation.outintoacross栏目导航栏目导航26[小片段助记]Worseluck！First,foodanddri

nkingwaterhadbeenusedupbeforewereachedthedestination.Then,myhusbandwasspeedingupthecarwhenitsuddenlybrokedown.Itturnedoutthatthegashadr

unout.Sowehadtowalkaheadalongtheroaduntilmystrengthgiveout.Wefinallymadeourwaytoasmallhotelbuttoourdespair,wefoundwehadusedup/runoutofourmo

ney.栏目导航栏目导航27知识要点5attachvt.系；绑；贴(教材P46)Whilesleeping，theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastoprevent

floatingaround.在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。[例1]Pleaseattachlabelstotheluggage.请把行李贴上标签。栏目导航栏目导航28[例2]Thatmiddleschoolisattachedtoauniversity.这所中学附属

于一所大学。[例3]Inthenewcentury，westillshouldattachimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。[造句]很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。_____________________________

____________________________________________________Manyteenagersattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirphonesthantotheirfriends.栏目导航栏目导航29[

知识拓展](1)attach...to...把„„固定/附在„„上attachgreatimportance/significancetosth.认为„„非常/很有意义(2)attachedadj.依恋；附属于beattachedto附属于；依恋栏目导航栏目导航30[即学

即练]单句语法填空①Myparentsalwaysattachimportance__mygettingagoodeducation.②Thishospital________(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.③T

hishospital___________(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearby.toattachedisattached栏目导航栏目导航31记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关

键以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。栏目导航栏目导航32[高考典例]2017·浙

江卷·A篇(节选)[时间线→读文助手][情节线→解题关键]开端：时间1↓[1]BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage．Buthedidnotkn

owaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays，abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocame

lsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush．情节1：初见端倪

本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋：用猫毛自制画笔作画。栏目导航栏目导航33承接：时间2↓[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong，thecatbega

ntolookragged(蓬乱)．Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.情节2：新荷初见本段

承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。栏目导航栏目导航34发展：时间3↓[3]________________________________Thatyear，oneofBenjamin

'scousins，Mr.Pennington，cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome，hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.He

alsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadevers

een.情节3——艺术启蒙本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Pennington的注意，并得到帮助。(可解第22题)Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.栏目导航栏目导航35发展：时间4↓[4

]In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparen

tsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.情节4——技艺提高本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Pennington带到了费城。栏目导航栏目导航36高潮：地点[5]Inthecity，Mr.PenningtongaveBenja

minmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams，awell­knownpainte

r，cametoseehimwork.Williamswas情节5——技惊名人在费城，本杰明开始叩栏目导航栏目导航37转换↓结局impressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Theb

ookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle，havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday，andunderm

ypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedth

enthathewouldbeanartist.响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。(可解第23、24题)栏目导航栏目导航38[定区间·细比对]22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsente

nceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.栏目导航栏目导航3923．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent？A．Hetookhimtos

eepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.栏目导航栏目导航4024．Willia

ms'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________．A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeap

ainter[答案]22－24DBD栏目导航栏目导航4122．由题眼――→定位第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。23．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。24．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。Thank

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