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SectionⅣListeningandTalking&ReadingforWriting阅读Reading2中的材料，选出最佳选项1．Whyaresomepeopleagainstspaceexplorationaccordingtothepassa

ge？Becausetheythink．A．itcosttoomuchtimeandmoneyB．itmightfeedtheworld'spoorC．itmayresultinpollutionandfataldiseasesD．itfailstorealiseth

eimportanceofspaceexploration2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofexploringspace?A．Fightingagainstworldh

unger.B．Helpingfarmingtogrowmorefood.C．Changingthedataonlandandweatherpatterns.D．Promotingtechnologicalimprovementsarou

ndtheworld.3．WhatdidthepictureofEarthfromspacemakepeoplerealise?A．Wearelivingonaisland.B．Ourearth'sresourcesarelimited.C．Wecanfindway

sintheblacksea.D．Marsisthebestplanettoliveon.[答案]1－3ACBWordsAndPhrases知识要点1lackn．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(教材P42)Astronau

ts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity，sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday，whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因

此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。[例1]Sheshowedalackofhumour.她缺乏幽默感。[例2]Thecropsalldiedforlackofwater.庄稼因为缺水都死了

。[例3]Hedidn'tgotherebecausehelackedcourage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。[造句]他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际的能力。Theylackphysicalexerciseandtheskill

tocommunicatewiththeirfriendsfacetoface.[知识拓展](1)lacksth.缺少某物(2)alackof...„„的缺乏forlackof...因缺乏„„haveno

lackof...不缺乏„„(3)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺乏；缺少[提示]lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词la

cking常与in连用。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Moreandmorehigh­risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.②Thoughlacking(lack)money，hesenthissont

ocollege.知识要点2arguevi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论(教材P44)Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人主张我们应该停止浪费时间和钱财来探索太空。[例1]Shehasarguedtha

twildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。[

例2]HearguedwithMaryaboutthebestplaceforaholiday.他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。[例3]Theworkersarguedfortheirrighttostrike.工人们

为他们罢工的权力而辩护。[造句]我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。Iarguethateveryoneofus(should)tryourbesttohelpthoseinneed.[知识拓展](1)arguefor..

.为„„而争论；为„„而辩护argueagainst争辩(反对„„)arguethat...(should)dosth.主张„„arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argument

n.争论；争辩；论点[拓展延伸]表示“说服„„做„„”的其他表达：①persuadesb.todosth.②persuadesb.intodoingsth.③convincesb.todosth.④talksb.intodoingsth.[即学即练]单句语法填空①HowIreg

rettedarguingwithherabouttheimportantquestion,whichmadeusallunhappy.②Wetriedmanywaystoarguehimintofol

lowingouradvice,butinvain.③Itisbeyondargument(argue)thatDiaoyuIslandsbelongtoChina.知识要点3resultin导致；造成(教材P44)Ithasdirectlyresultedinthemanys

atellitesthatnoworbitEarth.它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。[例1]Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxi

de.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。[例2]Ithadrainedheavilyforweeks，whichresultedinseverefloodinthisarea.大雨已下了几周，造

成了这个地区的严重水灾。[造句]她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。Hereffortsresultedinhersuccesswhileherbrother'sfailureresultedfromhi

slaziness.[知识拓展](1)resultin为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bringabout(引起；导致；致使)；leadto(导致)；contributeto(有助于；向„„投稿)等。(2)resultf

rom由„„产生asaresultof由于„„的原因asaresult结果withoutresult毫无结果[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Asweallknow，hishardworkresultedinhissuccess.②Asweallknow，hissuccessre

sultedfromhishardwork.(2)完成句子①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。Shesucceededasaresultofherhardwork.②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。Hemadeabigmistake，andasaresult，helosthisjob.知识

要点4runout用完；耗尽(教材P45)Itisnecessarytofindanewhomeforpeopleinspace，astheresourcesonEarthwillrunout.在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是

很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。[例1]Foodsupplieshadrunouttowardstheendofthetrip.在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。[例2]Ourtimeisrunningout.我们的时间快没了。[造句]

汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。Thepetrolhasrunout；thecarcan'tmove.[知识拓展](1)runoutof用完；用光；用尽giveout耗尽；筋疲力尽useup用完；耗尽(2)runfo

r竞选；匆匆去取runacross偶然遇到runinto撞上；遇到；邂逅runthrough浏览；跑着穿过[明辨异同]runoutof/runout/giveout/useuprunoutof是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于useup，表示“用完；用尽”r

unout是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于giveoutgiveout可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等useup是及物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于runoutof[即学即练]单句语法填空

①Foodsuppliesintheflood­strickenareaarerunningout．Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft.②Thetaxiranintothebikeandth

emanonthebikewasthrownoff.③Sheranacrossanoldfriendofhersonthewaytothestation.[小片段助记]Worseluck！First,foodanddrinkingwaterhadb

eenusedupbeforewereachedthedestination.Then,myhusbandwasspeedingupthecarwhenitsuddenlybrokedown.Itturned

outthatthegashadrunout.Sowehadtowalkaheadalongtheroaduntilmystrengthgiveout.Wefinallymadeourwaytoasmallhotelbuttoourdespair,wefoundwehadused

up/runoutofourmoney.知识要点5attachvt.系；绑；贴(教材P46)Whilesleeping，theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround

.在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。[例1]Pleaseattachlabelstotheluggage.请把行李贴上标签。[例2]Thatmiddleschoolisattachedtoauniversity.这所中学附属于一所大学

。[例3]Inthenewcentury，westillshouldattachimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。[造句]很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。Manyteenag

ersattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirphonesthantotheirfriends.[知识拓展](1)attach...to...把„„固定/附在„„上attachg

reatimportance/significancetosth.认为„„非常/很有意义(2)attachedadj.依恋；附属于beattachedto附属于；依恋[即学即练]单句语法填空①Myparen

tsalwaysattachimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.②Thishospitalattached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.③Thishospitalis

attached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearby.记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先

后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线是解题的关键。[高考典例]2017·浙江卷·A篇(节选)[时间线→读文助手][情节线→解题关键]开端：时间1↓[1

]BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage．Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitorto

ldhimheneededone.Inthosedays，abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldwor

kinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush．情节1：初见端倪本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋:用猫毛自制画笔作画。承接：时间2↓[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminnee

dedmorefur.Beforelong，thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱)．Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.情节

2：新荷初见本段承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。发展：时间3↓[3]Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear，oneofBenjamin'scousins，Mr.Pennington，cametovisit.Hewasimpressedwit

hBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome，hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)bya

nartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.情节3——艺术启蒙本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Pennington的注意，并得到帮助。(可解第2

2题)发展：时间4↓[4]In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBe

njamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.情节4——技艺提高本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Pennington带到了费城。高潮：地[5]Inthecity，Mr.Penningtong

ave情节5——技惊名人点转换↓结局Benjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams，a

well­knownpainter，cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotake

home.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle，havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Tho

setwobooksweremycompanionsbyday，andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpai

ntings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.在费城，本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。(可解第23、24题)[定区间·细比对]22．Whatdoestheunderlinedsent

enceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverea

lbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent？A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingma

terials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto．A．mas

tertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[答案]22－24DBD22．由题眼――→定位第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。23

．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。24．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。