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SectionⅣListeningandTalking&ReadingforWriting阅读Reading2中的材料，选出最佳选项1．Whyaresomepeopleagainstspaceexplora

tionaccordingtothepassage？Becausetheythink．A．itcosttoomuchtimeandmoneyB．itmightfeedtheworld'spoorC．itmayresultinpollutionandfataldisea

sesD．itfailstorealisetheimportanceofspaceexploration2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofexploringspace?A．F

ightingagainstworldhunger.B．Helpingfarmingtogrowmorefood.C．Changingthedataonlandandweatherpatterns.D．Promotingte

chnologicalimprovementsaroundtheworld.3．WhatdidthepictureofEarthfromspacemakepeoplerealise?A．Wearelivingonaisland.B．Ourearth'sresourcesar

elimited.C．Wecanfindwaysintheblacksea.D．Marsisthebestplanettoliveon.[答案]1－3ACBWordsAndPhrases知识要点1lackn．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏(教材P42)Astronauts'bonesan

dmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity，sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday，whichwillhelpthemstayhe

althy.在太空中由于缺乏引力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉可能会变得很弱，因此他们需要每天进行锻炼，这有助于他们保持健康。[例1]Sheshowedalackofhumour.她缺乏幽默感。[例2]Thecropsalldiedf

orlackofwater.庄稼因为缺水都死了。[例3]Hedidn'tgotherebecausehelackedcourage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。[造句]他们缺乏身体锻炼，也没有面对面与朋友交际的

能力。Theylackphysicalexerciseandtheskilltocommunicatewiththeirfriendsfacetoface.[知识拓展](1)lacksth.缺少某物(2)alackof...„„的缺乏for

lackof...因缺乏„„havenolackof...不缺乏„„(3)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺乏；缺少[提示]lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。[即

学即练]单句语法填空①Moreandmorehigh­risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesforlackofspace.②Thoughlacking(lack)money，hesenthi

ssontocollege.知识要点2arguevi.&vt.论证；争辩；争论(教材P44)Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人主张我们应该停止浪

费时间和钱财来探索太空。[例1]Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertis

ements.她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。[例2]HearguedwithMaryaboutthebestplaceforaholiday.他和玛丽为最好的度假地点而争吵。[例3]Theworkersarguedfortheirrighttostrike.工人们为他

们罢工的权力而辩护。[造句]我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助需要帮助的人。Iarguethateveryoneofus(should)tryourbesttohelpthoseinneed.[知识拓展](1)arguefor..

.为„„而争论；为„„而辩护argueagainst争辩(反对„„)arguethat...(should)dosth.主张„„arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩某事arguesb.into/ou

tofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事(2)argumentn.争论；争辩；论点[拓展延伸]表示“说服„„做„„”的其他表达：①persuadesb.todosth.②persuadesb.intodoingsth.③convinc

esb.todosth.④talksb.intodoingsth.[即学即练]单句语法填空①HowIregrettedarguingwithherabouttheimportantquestion,whichmadeusallunhappy.②Wet

riedmanywaystoarguehimintofollowingouradvice,butinvain.③Itisbeyondargument(argue)thatDiaoyuIslandsbelongtoC

hina.知识要点3resultin导致；造成(教材P44)IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth.它已经直接制造了很多现在绕地球运行的卫星。[例1]Theyalsoagreethatitistheburn

ingofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。[例2]Ithadrainedheavilyforweeks，whichresult

edinseverefloodinthisarea.大雨已下了几周，造成了这个地区的严重水灾。[造句]她努力的结果是成功了，而她弟弟的失败源自他的懒惰。Hereffortsresultedinhersuccesswhilehe

rbrother'sfailureresultedfromhislaziness.[知识拓展](1)resultin为及物动词短语，表示“导致”的意思，其同义词有cause(引起)，bringabout(引起；导致；致使)；

leadto(导致)；contributeto(有助于；向„„投稿)等。(2)resultfrom由„„产生asaresultof由于„„的原因asaresult结果withoutresult毫无结果[即学即练](1)单句语法填空①Asweallknow，hishardwork

resultedinhissuccess.②Asweallknow，hissuccessresultedfromhishardwork.(2)完成句子①由于辛勤的工作，她成功了。Shesucceededasa

resultofherhardwork.②他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。Hemadeabigmistake，andasaresult，helosthisjob.知识要点4runout用完；耗尽(教材P45)Itisnecessarytofindanewhomeforpeopleinspace，as

theresourcesonEarthwillrunout.在太空中找到新家园对人类来说是很有必要的，因为地球的资源会耗尽。[例1]Foodsupplieshadrunouttowardstheendofthetrip

.在旅行快结束时，食物已经吃完了。[例2]Ourtimeisrunningout.我们的时间快没了。[造句]汽油用光了，汽车动不了了。Thepetrolhasrunout；thecarcan'tmove.[知识拓展](1)runoutof用完；用光；

用尽giveout耗尽；筋疲力尽useup用完；耗尽(2)runfor竞选；匆匆去取runacross偶然遇到runinto撞上；遇到；邂逅runthrough浏览；跑着穿过[明辨异同]runoutof/runout/giveout/useuprunoutof

是及物动词短语，通常以人作主语，相当于useup，表示“用完；用尽”runout是不及物动词短语，通常以物作主语，相当于giveoutgiveout可表示物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”；还表示“发出；分发；宣布”等useup是及

物动词短语，表示“用完；用尽”，相当于runoutof[即学即练]单句语法填空①Foodsuppliesintheflood­strickenareaarerunningout．Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere'snoneleft

.②Thetaxiranintothebikeandthemanonthebikewasthrownoff.③Sheranacrossanoldfriendofhersonthewaytothestation.[小片段助记]Worseluck！

First,foodanddrinkingwaterhadbeenusedupbeforewereachedthedestination.Then,myhusbandwasspeedingupthecarwhenitsudde

nlybrokedown.Itturnedoutthatthegashadrunout.Sowehadtowalkaheadalongtheroaduntilmystrengthgiveout.Wefinallymadeourwayto

asmallhotelbuttoourdespair,wefoundwehadusedup/runoutofourmoney.知识要点5attachvt.系；绑；贴(教材P46)Whilesleeping，theymustattachthe

mselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.在睡觉的时候，他们必须把自己系在某个东西上以防止到处飘浮。[例1]Pleaseattachlabelstoth

eluggage.请把行李贴上标签。[例2]Thatmiddleschoolisattachedtoauniversity.这所中学附属于一所大学。[例3]Inthenewcentury，westillshouldattach

importancetothedevelopmentofeconomy.在新世纪，我们仍然要重视经济发展。[造句]很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。Manyteenagersattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirphonesthantothe

irfriends.[知识拓展](1)attach...to...把„„固定/附在„„上attachgreatimportance/significancetosth.认为„„非常/很有意义(2)atta

chedadj.依恋；附属于beattachedto附属于；依恋[即学即练]单句语法填空①Myparentsalwaysattachimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.②Thishospitalattached(attach)t

othemedicalcollegenearbywasdestroyedintheflood.③Thishospitalisattached(attach)tothemedicalcollegenearby.记叙文之时间顺序——情节线是关键以时间为顺序的记叙文是高考

试题中较为简单的一种文体。在该类文体中往往含有两条重要线索：一个是时间的先后关联；另一个是在时间变化中的情节变化。高考试题往往以这些情节变化作为命题点。因此，在解答此类文体时要注意时间线是理解文章的助手，而情节线

是解题的关键。[高考典例]2017·浙江卷·A篇(节选)[时间线→读文助手][情节线→解题关键]开端：时间1↓[1]BenjaminWest，thefatherofAmericanpainting，showedhistalentforartwhenhe

wasonlysixyearsofage．Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays，abrushwas

madefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabr

ush．情节1：初见端倪本杰明在6岁时就展现出艺术天赋:用猫毛自制画笔作画。承接：时间2↓[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong，thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱)．H

isfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.情节2：新荷初见本段承接上文，讲述了本杰明用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。发展：时间3↓[3]Theca

t'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear，oneofBenjamin'scousins，Mr.Pennington，cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome，

hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.Thesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstre

alpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.情节3——艺术启蒙本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Mr.Pennington的注意，并得到帮助。(可解第22题)发展：时间4↓[4]In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyear

sold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttakethe

boybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.情节4——技艺提高本杰明9岁时被堂兄Mr.Pennington带到了费城。高潮：地[5]Inthecity，Mr.Penningtongave情节5——技惊名人点转换↓结局

Benjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams，awell­knownpainter，ca

metoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddu

ll.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle，havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday，andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislik

elythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.在费城，本杰明

开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。(可解第23、24题)[定区间·细比对]22．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywa

tched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23．WhatdidPenningtondoto

helpBenjamindevelophistalent？A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．Hesenthim

toaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.24．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto．A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．appreciatelandscapepainti

ngsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[答案]22－24DBD22．由题眼――→定位第3段，由“情节1＋情节3”得出答案。23．由题眼――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合此段首句得出答案。24．由题眼

――→定位第5段，由“情节5”并结合结局可推知答案。