【文档说明】19-20 Unit 4 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——不定式作定语和状语-人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册.doc，共(4)页，91.500 KB，由小喜鸽上传

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SectionⅢGrammar——不定式作定语和状语不定式作定语和状语不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略，其否定形式是“nottodo”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓

语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。[观察例句]1．Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplaneasafighterpilot.2．Asweallknow，anastronautneedstob

ehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3．Firstofall，youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4．Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansre

alisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.5．On12April1961，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.[归纳用法]1．动词不定式的形式形式主动被动一般式todotobedo

ne进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing2.句式功能(1)动词不定式作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。[提示](1)不定式作定语需要后置。(2

)作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的主谓关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑上的动宾关系)或修饰性关系(同位关系)。①动宾关系：Ihavealotofworktodo(要做)．Givemeapieceofpapertowri

teon(写)．②主谓关系：Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat(登上救生艇)．③修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词。need,time,way,right,chance,courag

e,reason,wish,movement...Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.[提示]为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰的词是way或pl

ace，介词可省略。Itisacomfortablesofatositon.Hehasnowaytogo.Thisisthebestplacetowork(2)不定式作状语：不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。①Tol

earnaforeignlanguagewell，youmusttryyourbest.[提示]不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。②Hesearchedthewholeroomonlytofindnothing.他搜遍了整个

房间结果什么也没找到。[提示]不定式作状语与only连用放句尾常表出乎意料的结果。③I'mgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。[提示]在表示“高兴、愉快、生气、遗憾”等表感情的形容词后，常用不定式作原因状语。[即学即练]

完成句子1．Jessie有了一个可以玩的新玩具。Jessiegotanewtoytoplaywith．2．她没有可以依赖的朋友。Shehasnofriendtodependon．3．为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。Topassthecoll

egeentranceexamination，wemustworkhard.4．公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers．5．令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。Wewereasto

nishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.6．我匆忙赶到机场，结果发现John已经走了。Irushedtotheairport，onlytofindthatJohnhadgone.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Helikednothingb

uttowatch(watch)TV.2．Tofind(find)outmoreaboutthecomputercourse，visitthiswebsite.3.Heisalwaysthefirsttocome(

come)toschool.4．Totell(tell)thetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.5．Themeetingtobeheld(hold)tomorrowisimportant.6．Wedidn'te

xpecttheretobe(be)somanypeople.7．Itriedtopersuadehimtoagree(agree)toyourproposal.8．Theydon'tallowthesebookstobetaken(take)outofthereadingroom

.9．Theydidalltheycouldtosave(save)thechild.10．Iamgladtobeworking(work)withyounow.Ⅱ.短文语法填空RecentlyintheUS，morestudentsprefer1.________(leave)thec

ampusandstudyinaforeigncountryforhalf2.________oneyear.Somepeoplemaybe3.________(frighten)：communicatinginaforeignla

nguage，leavingfriendsandadjustingtoanewenvironmentareverydifficultforstudents4.________(study)abroad.H

owever，theexperiencestudentshaveabroadisoftenimpossibletogainattheirhomeuniversities.“Globally，thereissomuch5.________

(do)．I'mhoping6.________(go)somewhereandexperiencesomethingIwouldn'tgetathome，”astudentwhointended7.___

_____(study)abroadsaid.Itwassaidthattheincreasehadsomethingtodowiththeuniversities'promisethattheyencouragestudentstostudyove

rseas.Theuniversitieshavebeen8.________(real)goodaboutsayingthatstudentsneed9.________(go)abroad.FormanyAmericanstudents，someofthemostimportantlesson

sabroadarethose10.________(experience)outsidetheclassroom.Studentscanhavedeepopinions.Evenverysmallculturaldifferencecansurprisethestudents.

[答案]1.toleave2.or3.frightened4.tostudy5.todo6.togo7.tostudy8.really9.togo10.experienced