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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．diverseadj.不同的；多种多样的→diversityn．差异(性

)；不同(点)；多样性2．fortunen．机会；运气→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地3．ethnicadj具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的→ethnicityn．种族渊源；种族特点4．admitvi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)→admi

ssionn．准许进入；入场费；承认5．definiteadj.肯定的；确定的→definitelyadv.肯定；确实6．historyn．历史→historicaladj.(有关)历史的→historicadj.历史上著名的(或重要的)，可名垂青史的7．immigrantn．(外来)

移民；外侨→immigratevi移居；移居→immigrationn．移民(入境)；移民人数8．selectvt.选举；挑选；选拔→selectionn．选择；选拔9．journaln．日志；日记；报纸；刊物→journalistn．新闻记者；新

闻工作者→journalismn．新闻业；新闻工作10．minoradj.较小的；次要的→minorityn．少数民族；少数派；少数人1．chipn．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片①Therearesomechipsofwood

ontheground.碎片②Allthemaincourseareservedwithchipsorbakedpotato.炸土豆条③Everymachinehasasmallchipinit.芯片2．claimvt.&n.夺取(生命)；宣称；断言

①Idon'tclaimtobeanexpert.宣称②Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.夺去(生命)③Thesingerhasdeniedthemagazine'sclaimthatsheisleavingtheb

and.断言3．escapevi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱①Heescapedfromtheprison.逃脱②Theyweregladtoescapethecoldwinterfora

notheryear.避开③Ihadanarrowescape.逃脱④Forhertravelwasanescapefromtheboredomofhereverydaylife.解脱；消遣WordsAndPhrases知识要点1fortunen．机会；运气(教材P26)fortunecooki

e幸运曲奇[例1]Mr.Parkerworkedinasmallcompanyfortwoyearsandthenhewentabroadtoseek/tryhisfortune.帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。[例2]Nowada

ysmanyyoungpeopledreamofmakingafortuneinbigcities.现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。[造句]使他感到高兴的是，他有幸与一些世界顶级的运动员一起训练。Tohisjoy，hehad/hasthefortunetotrainw

ithsomeoftheworld'stopathletes.[知识拓展](1)makeafortune发财seekone'sfortune外出找出路tryone'sfortune碰运气(2)fortunateadj.幸

运的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸运地做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸运地[即学即练]单句语法填空①Nowtherearemanyyoungmeninoursocietydreamingofm

akingafortunewithouthardwork.②Shewasfortunateenoughtofind(find)ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.③Fortunately(fortune)，ayoungmanwh

owasjustpassingbycameuptotheinjured.④Ihavehadthegoodfortune(fortunate)toworkwithsomebrilliantdirectors.⑤Shewasfortunate(fortune)enough

tofindajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.[小片段助记]Fortunately，IwasfortunateenoughtoattendthefilmfestivalinP

aris.IfIhadthefortunetomeetthefamousstar，whosoughthisfortuneinthebigcitywhenhewasyoung.Iwouldaskhimtogiveme

asignature.知识要点2admitvt.&vi.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)(教材P28)Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthec

ityagain.我不得不承认再次回到这座城市感觉真是太好了。[例1]Headmittedstealingsomevegetables.他承认偷了菜。[例2]Theboywasveryhappybecausehewasadmitte

dintoakeyuniversity.这个男孩很高兴，因为他被重点大学录取了。[例3]Thetheateradmits1，000people.这个剧院可容纳一千人。[造句]不得不承认的是，现在人们对残

疾人的态度已经有了很大的改变。Itisadmittedthatnowadayspeople'sattitudetowardsthedisabledhaschangedalot.[知识拓展](1)admit(d

oing/havingdone)sth.承认(做过)某事admit＋n.＋tobe...承认„„是„„admitsb./sth.into/to允许某人/某物进入/加入beadmittedto/into...被录取，被接纳，被允许进入

„„beadmittedas...作为„„被接受(2)admissionn.进入；入场费；承认[即学即练]单句语法填空①Allofmyclassmatesareworkinghardinordertobeadmittedto/intoakeyuniversity.②

Whenthepolicequestionedhim，Georgeadmittedstealing/havingstolen(steal)thecar.③Uptillnowadmission(admit)tocollegeisgainedbyexamonly.知识要点3occurvi.发

生；出现(教材P28)Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.这是一个多么棒的城市啊——一个在1906年发生地震之后能够重新自建的城市。[例1]Agoo

dideaoccurredtomeallatonce.突然我想到了一个好主意。[例2]Ithadneveroccurredtohimthatshemightbeagainsthim.他从没想到她会反对他。[例3]Whendidtheaccidentoccur?事故是什

么时候发生的？[造句]我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。ItoccurredtomethatithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.[知识拓展]sth.occurs

tosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起„„Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事[提示]表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换

；另外occur，happen，takeplace，breakout，comeabout等表示“发生；爆发”的短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccu

rred(occur)．②Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletathome.[小片段助记]Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysinhisoffice.Sohewenttocatchthem.Onhiswaytohisoff

ice，hesawaterribleaccidentoccurredinthemiddleoftheroad.知识要点4seekvt.&vi.寻找；探索；寻求；(向某人)请求(教材P28)Over300，000peoplecamefromalloverthewo

rldtoseektheirfortune，...全球有三十多万人来这里寻求发展之路，„„[例1]Youmustseekpermissionfromthemanager.你需请求经理批准。[例2]Theexplanationisnotfartoseek.这种解释不难理解。[

例3]Theyareseekingtomisleadus.他们竭力误导我们。[造句]我想是时候寻求法律援助了。Ithinkit'stimewesoughtlegalaid.[知识拓展]seek(for/after)sth./sb.寻找某人

/某物seekout挑选/找出seekone'sfortune寻找致富之路；碰运气seektodosth.试图做某事seekhappiness/comfort/wealth/success追求幸福、安逸、财富、成功[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hesoug

ht(seek)forahousenearbybutfoundnonesuitable.②Weseektohelp(help)allstudentsmakegreatprogressintheirEnglish.③Hei

sthemanwhoisalwaysseekingfor/aftertruth.[小片段助记]Toseekhappiness，hesoughttoseekhisfortuneinthebigcity，wherehesoughtfor/afterapartnertohelphimrunacompa

ny.知识要点5earnvt.&vi.赚；挣得；赢得；博得；赚得；使获得(教材P28)Toearnaliving，someopenedupshopsandrestaurantsinChinatown.为了谋生，有些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。[例1]Henowearnshislivi

ngasalorrydriver.他现在靠当卡车司机谋生。[例2]Shedoesn'tearnmuchmoney，butsheenjoysthework.她赚的钱不多，但是她喜欢这份工作。[例3]Everyoneshouldhavethemeanstoearntheirownliving.

每个人都应该有自己谋生的手段。[造句]他的成就赢得了人们的尊重。Hisachievementearnedrespectforhim.[知识拓展](1)earnsb.sth.使某人赚得某物earnmoney＝makemoney赚钱ear

na/one'sliving＝makea/one'sliving谋生；维持生活earnareputation赢得美名(2)earningsn.所得；收入；工资[即学即练]单句语法填空①Heearned(earn)hislivingbysellingfruitwhenyoung.

②Averageweeklyearnings(earn)roseby1.5%inJuly.[小片段助记]Hisrichworkingexperienceearnedhimagoodchanceinthebigcompany，threeyearsago，n

owhenotonlyearnshislivingbyworkingherebutalsohaveearned/earnsareputationinthefieldofhiswork.Besides，hisearningsareri

singyearbyyear.知识要点6selectvt.挑选；选择；选拔(教材P29)IselectedaCantoneserestaurantthatserveditsfoodonbeautifulchinaplates.我选了一家广东餐馆，这家

餐馆用精美的瓷盘呈上食物。[例1]Hehasn'tbeenselectedforthenationalteam.他未能入选进国家队。[例2]Hewasselectedastherepresentativeofthecompanytoattendthemeeting.他被选为公司

代表来参加这个会议。[造句]选出来的琥珀呈现出漂亮的蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellowbrowncolourlikehoney.[知识拓展](1)selectsb.todosth.挑选

某人做某事selectsb./sth.as/tobe...挑选某人/物作„„(2)selectionn.挑选；选择[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weselectedhertorepresent(represent)usatthemeeting.②Thethreeselecti

ons(select)presentedabovearetypicalexamples.③Theplayersselected(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.知识要点7claimn．&vt

.夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言(教材P29)Over3，000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffir

esthatoccurredafterit.在1906年的旧金山地震中有3000多人被夺去生命，并且震后还发生了一系列的火灾。[例1]Weagreetoacceptallyourclaim.我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔。[例2]Wewillseet

hosewhoclaimtobeleadersforthepeace.我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人。[造句]据称有些医生每周工作80小时。Itisclaimedthatsomedoctorsareworking80hoursaweek.[知识拓展](1)clai

mtodo...声称做„„Itisclaimedthat...据称„„(2)makeaclaim声称；断言[即学即练]单句语法填空①Inhealth­foodstores，you'llfinddozensofpr

oductsthatclaimtodo(do)wondersforyourbrain.②Heclaimedhimselftobe(be)theownerofthecar.③Hemadeaclaimthathewouldb

eelectedaspresidentofthecompany.知识要点8apartfrom除了„„外(还)；此外(教材P29)Apartfrombeingthekingdomofflowers，itishometomanyethnicminoritygroups.(云南

)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。[例1]Apartfromtheboringfightbetweenthetwoheroes，itisareallygoodmovie.除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影

还真的不错。[例2]Apartfrombeingapainter，sheisalsoayogacoach.除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练。[造句]除了以上提到的结构，你也学会了下面的词组。Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabov

e，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.[知识拓展](1)apartfrom具有下列三层含义：①相当于aswellas/inadditionto。指“除„„之外(还)；此外；加之

”，强调“另外还有”；②相当于asidefrom。指“除了„„外”；③相当于exceptfor。指“除了„„外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。(2)take...apart将„„拆开tellsb./sth.apart把某人

/某物区分开[即学即练]完成句子①除了自然和文化奇观外，杭州也因为美食烹饪而出名。ApartfromnaturalandculturalwondersHangzhouisalsofamousforitsculinary(烹饪的)delig

hts.②除了结尾以外，这真的是一部好电影。Exceptfortheending，it'sareallygoodfilm.③他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分开。Theyaresoalike，andit'sdifficultto

tellthemapart．知识要点9escapevt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱(教材P29)AftervisitingthesouthernpartofYunnan，Ihavetoadmitthatitisthebes

tdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.参观云南南部之后，我不得不承认它是中国躲避寒冷冬天的最好的地区。[例1]Wherecanwegotoescapethecrowds?我们

到哪里才能躲开这些人群？[例2]Thethiefjumpedintoacarandmadehisescape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。[例3]Hetheescapedfromtheprisonlastyear.Hewa

salmostfoundandshotbythepolice，butluckilyhehadaescapedeath/narrowescape.Hethe去年从那座监狱逃脱了。他差一点被警察发现后击毙，但是幸运的是，他总算死里逃生了。[造句

]据报道一名旅客非常幸运地在空难中逃生。Itwasreportedthatonepassengerwasfortunatetoescapebeingkilledintheplanecrash.[知识拓展](1)escapefrom...从„„逃

脱；逃避escapedoing/beingdonesth.逃避(被)做某事escapedeath死里逃生anarrowescape九死一生(2)escapedadj.逃跑了的[即学即练]单句语法填空①H

ehadanarrowescapeintheexplosion.②Aliceescapedbeingkilled(kill)inthebigfire.③Everypossiblemeanshasbeenused，butthewordsstillescapefromh

ismemory.④Withthecaptureoftheescaped(escape)tiger，everyonefeltrelieved.SentencePatterns重点句式1manysittingo

ntopofbighills独立主格结构(教材P28)Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills，...有太多漂亮的老建筑物——好多都坐落在群山之上，„„句式分析：manysittingontopo

fbighills为独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，即manyofwhichsitontopofbighills.[例1]Helayonhisback，hishandscrossin

gunderhishead.他双手交叉放在头下面，仰面躺着。[例2]Timepermitting，we'llhaveadictationtoday.如果时间允许的话，今天我会听写。[造句]树叶到处飘落，我突然意识到秋

天来临了。Leavesfallinghereandthere，Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawingupon.[知识拓展]独立主格结构小结：(1)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，

独立主格结构在句中作状语。(2)独立主格结构形式归纳：①名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动和进行)②名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)③名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、

特征或所处的状态)⑤with＋名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词[即学即练]单句语法填空①Themeetingbeing(be)over,peoplewentbackhome.②Muchtimespen

t(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.③Shestoodtherechattingwithherfriend,withherchildplaying(pl

ay)besideher.重点句式2can'twait！等不及想做(某事)(教材P29)can'twait！我等不及想(去了)!句式分析：本句是Ican'twaittogotoajazzbarintheRichmondDistrict的省略形式，句意“我迫不及待想去列治文

区的一个爵士乐酒吧”。can'twaittodosth./forsth.某人等不及想做某事。[例1]Wecan'twaittohaveatry.我们等不及想要尝试一下。[例2]Theycan'twaitfo

raviewofthatsinger.他们等不及想要看看那位歌手了。[造句]我们迫不及待地想见到他。Wecanhardlywaittoseehim.[知识拓展]canhardlywaittodosth.canneverwaittodosth.急于想做某事can'thelpdoing

sth.禁不住要干某事[即学即练]完成句子①Thechildrencanhardlywait(迫不及待地)togoswimming.②Whenthetermiscomingtoanend，manystudentscan'twaitfor(迫不及待想)theirva

cation.③Hecan'thelptaking(禁不住要拿出)outofphonefromhisbagassoonashesatdownonthetable.1．(教材P28)Thisdistrictused

tobeapoorareaoftown，butisnowacentreforart，music，andfood.[分析]本句为并列句，but连接两个并列句。usedto意为“过去常常”后跟动词原形。[译文]这个区过去是这个城市的贫

民区，但是现在是艺术、音乐和美食的中心。2．(教材P28)Inthesameyear，goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco，whichstartedagoldrush.[分析]本句为复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句。wh

ich代指前面的goldwasdiscovered...这件事。[译文]同年，在旧金山附近发现了金矿，于是开始了淘金热。3．(教材P28)ThemuseumdidareallygoodjobofshowinghowAmericawasbuiltbyimmigrantsfro

mdifferentcountriesandcultures.[分析]本句为复合句。how引导的从句作showing的宾语。[译文]这家博物馆特别好地向我们展示了来自不同国家和文化的移民是如何建设美国的。教材高考1.Themuseumdidarea

llygoodjobofshowinghowAmericawasbuiltbyimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesandcultures.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Asonofimmigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglis

halittleoverthreeyearsago.2.Over3，000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatocc

urredafterit.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco­authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks

.3.explorethediverseculturesoftheworld(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse

“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.4.AftervisitingthesouthernpartofYunnan，IhavetoadmitthatitisthebestdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.(201

9·全国卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.5.IselectedaCantoneserestaurantthatserveditsfoodonbeauti

fulchinaplates.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswit

h0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．WhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia，youmaynotbesurprisedatthediversity(diverse)ofitscultureandcustoms.2

．OfthefirstpeopletogotoCalifornia，theminority(minor)weresuccessfulinfindinggoldthen.3．Thiswasaterribleprisonfromwhichnoonees

caped(escape)atthattime.4．Ninepersonswereclaimed(claim)theirlivesinthecarcrashandtheothertwoalsodiedonthewaytot

hehospital.5．HewenttoAmericatotryhisfortune(fortunate)whenhewasyoung.6．Headmittedtaking/havingtaken(take)mybookbymistakeinthelibraryyest

erday.7．Theheavystormoccurred(occur)onthedistrictdoinggreatdamagetothelocalhouses.8．Heselected(select)apairofsh

oesfromtheshopandleft.9．Youcanrefertothesediagrams(diagram)whenyoudoyourhomework.10．Mr.Smithmadeajourney(journal)fromParistoNew

York.Ⅱ.语境填空headto；seekone'sfortune；earnaliving；seriesof；apartfrom；usedto；infact；walkaround；can'twaittodo；itoccurstosb.1．Itoccuredtohi

mthathehadlefthiskeysonthedesk.2．HewantedtoseekhisfortuneinBeijing，sohelefthishometown.3．TheteacherheadedtoMark'sdeskandaskedhimtoanswerthequestion

.4．Toearnaliving，theyoungmanhadtoworkinthedayandnight.5．Heboughtseriesofbookswrittenbythefamousnovelist，Rolin.6．ApartfromEnglishandmaths，heals

olearnsChineseandhistoryintheschool.7．Heusedtoswimintheriverwhenhewasyoung.8．Infact，hedoesn'tlikeplayingfootballinhissparetime.9

．Hewalkedaroundinthesupermarketlookingforsomethingheneededtobuy.10．Ican'twaittoseethefamousscientist，wh

ohasbeendevotedtotheEducationcauseofChina.Ⅲ.课文语法填空SanFranciscoisagreatcity，whichwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethat1.occurred(occur)in190

6.Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings－many2.sitting(sit)ontopofbighills，offeringgreatviewsofthecity，theocean，andtheGoldenGateBridge.Mis

sionDistrictistheoldestpartofthecity，3.whichusedtobeapoorarea，butnowisacentreofart，music，andfood.Infact，anartmovementcalledthe“MissionScho

ol”startedhere.It4.isinfluenced(influence)bygraffitiartandcomicart.In1848，AmericagotCalifornia5.fromMexico，andgoldwasdiscoveredn

earSanFrancisco.Thedreamof6.seeking(seek)theirfortunequicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld，soSanFranciscoquick

lybecameabigcity.Infact，fewachievedtheirdreamof7.becoming(become)rich.8.Toearn(earn)aliving，someopened9.upsho

psandrestaurants，somefoundjobsonfarms，andotherswenttobuildtherailway.Itisthoseimmigrantsfromdifferentcountrie

sandcultures10.thatbuiltAmerica.