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SectionⅡListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking——LanguagePoints1．diverseadj.不同的；多种多样的→diversityn．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样性2．fortunen．机会；运气→fortu

nateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地3．ethnicadj具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的→ethnicityn．种族渊源；种族特点4．admitvi.&vt.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)→admissionn．准许进入；入场费；承认5．

definiteadj.肯定的；确定的→definitelyadv.肯定；确实6．historyn．历史→historicaladj.(有关)历史的→historicadj.历史上著名的(或重要的)，可名垂青史的7．immigrantn．(外来)移民；外侨→immigratev

i移居；移居→immigrationn．移民(入境)；移民人数8．selectvt.选举；挑选；选拔→selectionn．选择；选拔9．journaln．日志；日记；报纸；刊物→journalistn．新闻记者；新闻工作者→journalismn．新闻业；新闻

工作10．minoradj.较小的；次要的→minorityn．少数民族；少数派；少数人1．chipn．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片①Therearesomechipsofwoodontheground

.碎片②Allthemaincourseareservedwithchipsorbakedpotato.炸土豆条③Everymachinehasasmallchipinit.芯片2．claimvt.&n.夺取(

生命)；宣称；断言①Idon'tclaimtobeanexpert.宣称②Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.夺去(生命)③Thesingerhasdeniedthemagazine's

claimthatsheisleavingtheband.断言3．escapevi.&vt.逃走；逃脱；避开n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱①Heescapedfromtheprison.逃脱②Theyweregladtoescapethe

coldwinterforanotheryear.避开③Ihadanarrowescape.逃脱④Forhertravelwasanescapefromtheboredomofhereverydaylife.解脱；消遣WordsAndPhrases知识要点1fortunen．机会；运气

(教材P26)fortunecookie幸运曲奇[例1]Mr.Parkerworkedinasmallcompanyfortwoyearsandthenhewentabroadtoseek/tryhisfort

une.帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。[例2]Nowadaysmanyyoungpeopledreamofmakingafortuneinbigcities.现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。[造句]使他感到高兴的是，他有幸与一些世界顶级的运动员一

起训练。Tohisjoy，hehad/hasthefortunetotrainwithsomeoftheworld'stopathletes.[知识拓展](1)makeafortune发财seekone'sfortune外出找出路tryone'sfortune碰运气(2)fortunatea

dj.幸运的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.幸运地做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸运地[即学即练]单句语法填空①Nowtherearemanyyoungmeninoursocietydreamingofmakingafortunewithouth

ardwork.②Shewasfortunateenoughtofind(find)ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.③Fortunately(fortune)，ayoungm

anwhowasjustpassingbycameuptotheinjured.④Ihavehadthegoodfortune(fortunate)toworkwithsomebrilliantdirectors.⑤Shewasfortunate(fortun

e)enoughtofindajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.[小片段助记]Fortunately，IwasfortunateenoughtoattendthefilmfestivalinParis.IfIhadthefortunetomee

tthefamousstar，whosoughthisfortuneinthebigcitywhenhewasyoung.Iwouldaskhimtogivemeasignature.知识要点2admitvt.&vi.承认vt.准许进入(或加入)(教材P28)I

havetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.我不得不承认再次回到这座城市感觉真是太好了。[例1]Headmittedstealingsomevegeta

bles.他承认偷了菜。[例2]Theboywasveryhappybecausehewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.这个男孩很高兴，因为他被重点大学录取了。[例3]Thetheateradmits1，000pe

ople.这个剧院可容纳一千人。[造句]不得不承认的是，现在人们对残疾人的态度已经有了很大的改变。Itisadmittedthatnowadayspeople'sattitudetowardsthedisabledhaschangedalot.[知

识拓展](1)admit(doing/havingdone)sth.承认(做过)某事admit＋n.＋tobe...承认„„是„„admitsb./sth.into/to允许某人/某物进入/加入beadmittedto/into...被录取，被接纳，被

允许进入„„beadmittedas...作为„„被接受(2)admissionn.进入；入场费；承认[即学即练]单句语法填空①Allofmyclassmatesareworkinghardinordertobeadmittedto/into

akeyuniversity.②Whenthepolicequestionedhim，Georgeadmittedstealing/havingstolen(steal)thecar.③Uptillnowadm

ission(admit)tocollegeisgainedbyexamonly.知识要点3occurvi.发生；出现(教材P28)Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthq

uakethatoccurredin1906.这是一个多么棒的城市啊——一个在1906年发生地震之后能够重新自建的城市。[例1]Agoodideaoccurredtomeallatonce.突然我想到了一个好主

意。[例2]Ithadneveroccurredtohimthatshemightbeagainsthim.他从没想到她会反对他。[例3]Whendidtheaccidentoccur?事故是什么时候发生的？[造句]我突然想到，自上

封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。ItoccurredtomethatithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromWallace.[知识拓展]sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/

strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起„„Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事[提示]表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换；另外occur，happen，takeplace，

breakout，comeabout等表示“发生；爆发”的短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhenthea

ccidentoccurred(occur)．②Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiswalletathome.[小片段助记]Itoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysinhisoffice.Sohewenttoc

atchthem.Onhiswaytohisoffice，hesawaterribleaccidentoccurredinthemiddleoftheroad.知识要点4seekvt.&vi.寻找；探索；寻求；(向某人)请求(教材P28)Over300，000peoplecame

fromallovertheworldtoseektheirfortune，...全球有三十多万人来这里寻求发展之路，„„[例1]Youmustseekpermissionfromthemanager.你需请求经理批准。[例2]Theexplanationisnotfart

oseek.这种解释不难理解。[例3]Theyareseekingtomisleadus.他们竭力误导我们。[造句]我想是时候寻求法律援助了。Ithinkit'stimewesoughtlegalaid.[知识拓展]seek(for/after)sth./sb.寻找某人/

某物seekout挑选/找出seekone'sfortune寻找致富之路；碰运气seektodosth.试图做某事seekhappiness/comfort/wealth/success追求幸福、安逸、

财富、成功[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hesought(seek)forahousenearbybutfoundnonesuitable.②Weseektohelp(help)allstudentsmakegreatp

rogressintheirEnglish.③Heisthemanwhoisalwaysseekingfor/aftertruth.[小片段助记]Toseekhappiness，hesoughttoseekhisfortuneinthebigcity，wherehesoughtfor/afte

rapartnertohelphimrunacompany.知识要点5earnvt.&vi.赚；挣得；赢得；博得；赚得；使获得(教材P28)Toearnaliving，someopenedupshopsandrestaurantsinChinatown.为

了谋生，有些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。[例1]Henowearnshislivingasalorrydriver.他现在靠当卡车司机谋生。[例2]Shedoesn'tearnmuchmoney，butsheenjoysthework.她赚的钱不多，但是她喜欢这份工作。[例3]Everyon

eshouldhavethemeanstoearntheirownliving.每个人都应该有自己谋生的手段。[造句]他的成就赢得了人们的尊重。Hisachievementearnedrespectforhim.[

知识拓展](1)earnsb.sth.使某人赚得某物earnmoney＝makemoney赚钱earna/one'sliving＝makea/one'sliving谋生；维持生活earnareputation赢得美名(2)e

arningsn.所得；收入；工资[即学即练]单句语法填空①Heearned(earn)hislivingbysellingfruitwhenyoung.②Averageweeklyearnings(earn)roseby1.5

%inJuly.[小片段助记]Hisrichworkingexperienceearnedhimagoodchanceinthebigcompany，threeyearsago，nowhenotonlyearnshislivingbyworkingherebutalsohave

earned/earnsareputationinthefieldofhiswork.Besides，hisearningsarerisingyearbyyear.知识要点6selectvt.挑选；选择；选拔(教材P29)Isel

ectedaCantoneserestaurantthatserveditsfoodonbeautifulchinaplates.我选了一家广东餐馆，这家餐馆用精美的瓷盘呈上食物。[例1]Hehasn'tbeenselectedforthenationalteam.他未能入选进

国家队。[例2]Hewasselectedastherepresentativeofthecompanytoattendthemeeting.他被选为公司代表来参加这个会议。[造句]选出来的琥珀呈现出漂亮的蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。Theamberwhichwasselected

hadabeautifulyellowbrowncolourlikehoney.[知识拓展](1)selectsb.todosth.挑选某人做某事selectsb./sth.as/tobe...挑选某人/物作„„(2)selec

tionn.挑选；选择[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weselectedhertorepresent(represent)usatthemeeting.②Thethreeselections(select)presentedabovearetypic

alexamples.③Theplayersselected(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.知识要点

7claimn．&vt.夺取(生命)；主张；宣称；认领；索取；夺去；断言(教材P29)Over3，000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.在1906

年的旧金山地震中有3000多人被夺去生命，并且震后还发生了一系列的火灾。[例1]Weagreetoacceptallyourclaim.我方同意接受贵方的所有索赔。[例2]Wewillseethosewhoclaimt

obeleadersforthepeace.我们将看到那些声称自己带来和平的领导人。[造句]据称有些医生每周工作80小时。Itisclaimedthatsomedoctorsareworking80h

oursaweek.[知识拓展](1)claimtodo...声称做„„Itisclaimedthat...据称„„(2)makeaclaim声称；断言[即学即练]单句语法填空①Inhealth­foodstore

s，you'llfinddozensofproductsthatclaimtodo(do)wondersforyourbrain.②Heclaimedhimselftobe(be)theownerofthecar.③Hemadea

claimthathewouldbeelectedaspresidentofthecompany.知识要点8apartfrom除了„„外(还)；此外(教材P29)Apartfrombeingthekingdomofflowers，

itishometomanyethnicminoritygroups.(云南)除了是花的王国以外，还是许多少数民族的居住地。[例1]Apartfromtheboringfightbetweenthetwoheroes，itis

areallygoodmovie.除了两个主人公之间乏味的打斗以外，这部电影还真的不错。[例2]Apartfrombeingapainter，sheisalsoayogacoach.除了是位画家，她还是个瑜伽教练。[造句]除了以上提到的结构，你也学会了下面的词组。Apartf

romtheconstructionmentionedabove，youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.[知识拓展](1)apartfrom具有下列三层含义：①相当于aswellas/inadditiont

o。指“除„„之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；②相当于asidefrom。指“除了„„外”；③相当于exceptfor。指“除了„„外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或某物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。(2)take...apa

rt将„„拆开tellsb./sth.apart把某人/某物区分开[即学即练]完成句子①除了自然和文化奇观外，杭州也因为美食烹饪而出名。ApartfromnaturalandculturalwondersHangzhouisal

sofamousforitsculinary(烹饪的)delights.②除了结尾以外，这真的是一部好电影。Exceptfortheending，it'sareallygoodfilm.③他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分

开。Theyaresoalike，andit'sdifficulttotellthemapart．知识要点9escapevt.&vi.逃脱；逃走；避开n．逃脱；逃跑；解脱(教材P29)Aftervisitingthe

southernpartofYunnan，IhavetoadmitthatitisthebestdistrictofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.参观云南南部之后，我不得不承认它是中国躲避寒冷冬天的最好的地

区。[例1]Wherecanwegotoescapethecrowds?我们到哪里才能躲开这些人群？[例2]Thethiefjumpedintoacarandmadehisescape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。[例3]H

etheescapedfromtheprisonlastyear.Hewasalmostfoundandshotbythepolice，butluckilyhehadaescapedeath/narrowescape.Hethe去年从那座监狱逃脱了。他差一点被

警察发现后击毙，但是幸运的是，他总算死里逃生了。[造句]据报道一名旅客非常幸运地在空难中逃生。Itwasreportedthatonepassengerwasfortunatetoescapebeingkilled

intheplanecrash.[知识拓展](1)escapefrom...从„„逃脱；逃避escapedoing/beingdonesth.逃避(被)做某事escapedeath死里逃生anarrowescape九死一生(2)escapedadj.逃跑了的[即学即练]单句语法

填空①Hehadanarrowescapeintheexplosion.②Aliceescapedbeingkilled(kill)inthebigfire.③Everypossiblemeanshas

beenused，butthewordsstillescapefromhismemory.④Withthecaptureoftheescaped(escape)tiger，everyonefeltrelieved.SentencePat

terns重点句式1manysittingontopofbighills独立主格结构(教材P28)Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills，...有太多漂亮的老建筑物——好多都坐

落在群山之上，„„句式分析：manysittingontopofbighills为独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，即manyofwhichsitontopofbighills.[例1]

Helayonhisback，hishandscrossingunderhishead.他双手交叉放在头下面，仰面躺着。[例2]Timepermitting，we'llhaveadictationtoday.如果时间允许的

话，今天我会听写。[造句]树叶到处飘落，我突然意识到秋天来临了。Leavesfallinghereandthere，Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawingupon.[知识拓展]独立主格结构小结：(1)分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；但有时分词(短语)有自己

的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，独立主格结构在句中作状语。(2)独立主格结构形式归纳：①名词/代词＋现在分词(表示主动和进行)②名词/代词＋过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)③名词/代词＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)④名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处

的状态)⑤with＋名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/形容词/介词短语/副词[即学即练]单句语法填空①Themeetingbeing(be)over,peoplewentbackhome.②Muchtimespent(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersa

regenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.③Shestoodtherechattingwithherfriend,withherchildplaying(play)besideher.重点句式2can'twait！等不及想做(某事)(教材

P29)can'twait！我等不及想(去了)!句式分析：本句是Ican'twaittogotoajazzbarintheRichmondDistrict的省略形式，句意“我迫不及待想去列治文区的一个爵士乐酒吧”。can'twaittodosth./forsth.某人等不及想做某事。[例1

]Wecan'twaittohaveatry.我们等不及想要尝试一下。[例2]Theycan'twaitforaviewofthatsinger.他们等不及想要看看那位歌手了。[造句]我们迫不及待地想见到他。Wecanhardlywaittoseehi

m.[知识拓展]canhardlywaittodosth.canneverwaittodosth.急于想做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住要干某事[即学即练]完成句子①Thechildrencanhardlywait

(迫不及待地)togoswimming.②Whenthetermiscomingtoanend，manystudentscan'twaitfor(迫不及待想)theirvacation.③Hecan'thelptaking(禁不住要拿出)outofphonefromhi

sbagassoonashesatdownonthetable.1．(教材P28)Thisdistrictusedtobeapoorareaoftown，butisnowacentreforart，music，andfood.[分析]本句为并列句，but连

接两个并列句。usedto意为“过去常常”后跟动词原形。[译文]这个区过去是这个城市的贫民区，但是现在是艺术、音乐和美食的中心。2．(教材P28)Inthesameyear，goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco，whichstartedagoldr

ush.[分析]本句为复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句。which代指前面的goldwasdiscovered...这件事。[译文]同年，在旧金山附近发现了金矿，于是开始了淘金热。3．(教材P28)ThemuseumdidareallygoodjobofshowinghowA

mericawasbuiltbyimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesandcultures.[分析]本句为复合句。how引导的从句作showing的宾语。[译文]这家博物馆特别好地向我们展示了来自不同国家和文化的移民是如何建设美国的。教材高考1.Themuse

umdidareallygoodjobofshowinghowAmericawasbuiltbyimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesandcultures.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Asonof

immigrants，ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.2.Over3，000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearth

quakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco­authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestyl

ebooks.3.explorethediverseculturesoftheworld(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddis

coversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.4.AftervisitingthesouthernpartofYunnan，IhavetoadmitthatitisthebestdistrictofChi

natoescapethecoldwinter.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.5.IselectedaC

antoneserestaurantthatserveditsfoodonbeautifulchinaplates.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassocia

te26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0－25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．WhenyouknowthehistoryofCa

lifornia，youmaynotbesurprisedatthediversity(diverse)ofitscultureandcustoms.2．OfthefirstpeopletogotoCalifornia，theminority(minor)weresuccessfulinf

indinggoldthen.3．Thiswasaterribleprisonfromwhichnooneescaped(escape)atthattime.4．Ninepersonswereclaimed(claim)theirlivesinthecarcras

handtheothertwoalsodiedonthewaytothehospital.5．HewenttoAmericatotryhisfortune(fortunate)whenhewasyoung.6．Headmitte

dtaking/havingtaken(take)mybookbymistakeinthelibraryyesterday.7．Theheavystormoccurred(occur)onthedistrictdoinggreatdamag

etothelocalhouses.8．Heselected(select)apairofshoesfromtheshopandleft.9．Youcanrefertothesediagrams(diagram)whenyoudoyourhomework.10．Mr.Smithmade

ajourney(journal)fromParistoNewYork.Ⅱ.语境填空headto；seekone'sfortune；earnaliving；seriesof；apartfrom；usedto；infact；walkaround；can'twaittodo；i

toccurstosb.1．Itoccuredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysonthedesk.2．HewantedtoseekhisfortuneinBeijing，sohele

fthishometown.3．TheteacherheadedtoMark'sdeskandaskedhimtoanswerthequestion.4．Toearnaliving，theyoungmanhadtoworkinthedayandnight.5．Heboughtseries

ofbookswrittenbythefamousnovelist，Rolin.6．ApartfromEnglishandmaths，healsolearnsChineseandhistoryintheschool

.7．Heusedtoswimintheriverwhenhewasyoung.8．Infact，hedoesn'tlikeplayingfootballinhissparetime.9．Hewalkedaroundinthesupermarketlookingforsomething

heneededtobuy.10．Ican'twaittoseethefamousscientist，whohasbeendevotedtotheEducationcauseofChina.Ⅲ.课文语法填空SanFranciscoisagreatcity，whichwasable

torebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethat1.occurred(occur)in1906.Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings－many2.sitting(sit)ont

opofbighills，offeringgreatviewsofthecity，theocean，andtheGoldenGateBridge.MissionDistrictistheoldestpartofthecity，3.whichusedtobeapoorarea，bu

tnowisacentreofart，music，andfood.Infact，anartmovementcalledthe“MissionSchool”startedhere.It4.isinfluenced(influence)bygraffitiartandcomicart

.In1848，AmericagotCalifornia5.fromMexico，andgoldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco.Thedreamof6.seeking(seek)theirfortunequicklyattractedpeoplefro

mallovertheworld，soSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.Infact，fewachievedtheirdreamof7.becoming(become)rich.8.Toearn(earn)aliving，someopened9.ups

hopsandrestaurants，somefoundjobsonfarms，andotherswenttobuildtherailway.Itisthoseimmigrantsfromdifferen

tcountriesandcultures10.thatbuiltAmerica.