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UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionBReadingandThinking•核心词汇•词汇一determinevt.查明；确定；决定•◆教材原句•However，somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheir

dreamtoexplorespace.然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。•◆要点必记•determinetodosth.决定/决心做某事•determineon（doing）sth.决定（做）某事•determine

sb.todosth.使某人下决心做某事题组练·领悟方法•◆词语积累•determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的•bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事•bedeterminedthat...决心……•det

erminationn.决心；决定•withdetermination坚决地•单句语法填空•（1）Ihavedeterminedgoingtothecountrysideaftergraduatingfromcollege.•（2）Heis（determine）totakego

odcareofhisparentsfromnowon.•（3）The（determine）expressiononherfacesuggestedthatshewouldn’tchangehermind.•（4）Helenwasastronggirlandshefinal

lyachievedherdreamwithgreat____________（determine）.ondetermineddetermineddetermination•单句写作•（5）He___________________________

____（下定决心好好利用）thischancetolearnmoreabouttheChineseculture.•（6）PaulwasfondofChineseculture，sohe_________________（决定

定居）inChina.wasdeterminedtomakegooduseofdeterminedtosettle•词汇二succeedindoingsth.成功地做某事•◆教材原句•Aftermanyexperiments，theys

ucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity.经过多次实验后，他们成功地制造出能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。•◆要点必记•succeedsb.as...接替某人担任……•succ

eedtosth.继承（王位等）•◆词语积累•successn.［U］成功；［C］成功的人（戒事）•successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地•单句语法填空•（1）Hesucceededin（pass）thee

ntranceexaminationandwasadmittedtoPekingUniversity.•（2）I’msurethatDavidistosucceedhimchairman.•单句写作•（3）Ineverthoughtsuchalittlech

ildcould（成功地解决）suchadifficultproblem.•（4）LiMingstudiedveryhard，sohe（成功通过）thecollegeentranceexamination.•（5）Whodoyouthinkwill（继承）MrLi’sc

ompany?passingassucceedindealingwithsucceededinsucceedto•词汇三makesure确保；查明，弄清楚•◆教材原句•Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong，accidentscans

tillhappen.尽管科学家们试图确保不出差错，但事故仍有可能发生。•◆要点必记•makesure（that）...确保……；弄清楚……•makesureof（doing）sth.确保……；弄清楚……••单句语法填空•（1）Anovelistshouldma

kesurethedescriptioninanovelwillattractthereaders.•（2）You’dbettermakesuretheexacttimeofthearrivingtrain.•（3）Sheisnotsurehisgetting

hisdiploma.•（4）Besure（design）abeautifulairport.•单句写作•（5）Myassistantwillhelpme（弄清楚）thetimeoftheflight.•（6）He（一定会）getnervousandsaysomethi

ngstupid.thatofoftodesignmakesureofissureto•词汇四disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的•◆教材原句•Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoe

xploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。•◆要点必记•bedisappointedin/withsb.对某人失望•bedisappointedat/aboutsth.对某事失望•bedisappoi

ntedtodosth.对做某事感到失望•◆词语积累•disappointvt.使……失望•disappointingadj.令人失望的•disappointmentn.失望•toone’sdisapp

ointment令某人失望的是•◆一言辨异•Thedisappointingnewsthathefailedtheexammadehimverydisappointed.他没有通过考试，这令人沮丧的消息让他感到非常失望。•单句语法填空•（1）Althou

ghIwas______________Icouldn’tkeepthetoys，Iwassomewhatproudtotakethemback.•（2）Tomy（disappoint），hisbehaviou

rcausesomemisunderstandingbetweenus.•（3）TheteacherisdisappointedTony’sattitudetowardsstudy.•（4）Weweregreatlydisappointed（

know）thatshewasabsent.•（5）Thefansweredisappointedthefilmstarwhentheylearnedsomenegativenewsabouthimonthewebsite.•（6）Thefansl

ookedquite（disappoint）whentheyheardthe_____________（disappoint）result.disappointeddisappointmentat/abouttokno

win/withdisappointeddisappointing•单句写作•（7）Theworkers（失望地发现）thattheycouldn’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthemachine.•（8）We（对……感到失望）yourpreviousb

ehaviourweredisappointedtofindaredisappointedat/about•词汇五desire（1）n.渴望；欲望（2）vt.渴望；期望•◆要点必记•（have）adesiretodo（有）做……

的渴望•（have）adesirefor（有）做……的渴望•desiretodo...渴望做……•◆误区警示•desirethat+主语+（should+）动词原形希望……（desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚

拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）•◆归纳拓展•后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”的动词：•一个“坚持”（insist）；•两道“命令”（order，command）

；•四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise，recommend）；•五点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require，urge）•单句语法填空•（1）Hedesir

es（join）thearmyanddevotehimselftothecountry.•（2）Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire（see）thereport.•（3）［2019·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末］Fashioni

sacompetitiveandhardbusinesswherepeople’sdesirenewideasishardtosatisfy.•（4）Atyesterday’smeeting，themanagerdesiredthattheproject___________

_______（finish）ontime.tojointoseefor(should）befinished•单句写作•（5）I（丌想惹任何麻烦），soIkeepawayfromJackson.•havenodesiretocauseanytrouble•词汇六carryo

n继续做，坚持干•◆教材原句•Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisk

s.这是因为尽管有很大的风险，人们依旧相信继续太空探索的重要性。•◆要点必记•carryonsth.从事某事carryonwithsth.继续某事carryondoingsth.继续做某事•◆归纳拓展•carryout进行；贯彻；执行；

实施carrythrough顺利实现•carryoff赢得；成功地对付carryforward成功地进行•单句语法填空•（1）HavingreadstoriesofLinQiaozhi，thegirlwasdeterminedtocarrywithhergoodwork.•用carry短语的适当形

式填空•（2）Althoughfacedwithsomanydifficulties，theystilltheirresearch.•（3）ThesupportofhermotherJaneGoodalland

shedevotedherselftothestudyofchimps.•（4）Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttothesecrettask.•（5）TheteamwillhavetowithoutProfes

sorSmith.oncarryonwithcarriedthroughcarryoutcarryon•词汇七onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上•◆教材原句•ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard

...它环绕地球运行，空间站里有来自不同国家的宇航员……•◆要点必记•takesth.onboard考虑某事•◆学法点拨•onboard是介词短语，在句中可作表语戒定语。••◆词语辨析•board，broad不abroad•·boardn.板子；布告牌；黑板；委员会•v.登上（船

、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）•·broadadj.宽的；广阔的•·abroadadv.在国外；到国外•atabroad在国外goabroad去国外•单句写作•（1）Someoftheshipsevenhadearth（在船上）sothatthesailorscouldgrowtheirow

ncropsforfood.•（2）Theplanehadmorethan120passengersandcrew（在飞机上）whenitsuddenlydisappeared.onboardonboard•辨析填空（board/broad/abroad）•（3）Manyschoolsthere

havestartedusingwhiteandprojectorsinclasses.•（4）Theywerelookingforanyoneonwhoknewsignlanguage.•（5）WithmanyChinesenowtravelingforSpringFestiv

al，theirchoiceofdestinationshasexpandedalongwiththeirgrowinginterestinforeignculturesandservices.•（6）Howdidthesoldiercrosstheriverlastnight?boar

dsboardabroadbroad•词汇八independentlyadv.独立地；自立地•◆教材原句•Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysend

humansintospacein2003...中国在2003年成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家……•◆要点必记•workindependently独立工作liveindependently独自生活•◆词语

积累•independentadj.独立的；自主的beindependentof丌依赖……；独立于……乊外•independencen.独立independencefrom独立于•dependon依靠；信

赖；取决于bedependenton依赖；取决于•单句语法填空•（1）NotonlymyspokenEnglish，butalsomyabilitytolive_______________（independent）hasbeenimprovedalot.•（2）Alllivingthingsde

pendthesunfortheirgrowth.•（3）Susanwantedtobeindependentherparents.Shetriedlivingalone，butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.•（4）Astudyab

roadprogramcanteachstudents____________（independent）andimportantlifeskills.independentlyonofindependence•

单句写作•（5）Nowthatyouhavegrownup，youshould（丌依赖）yourparents.•（6）Manycountriesleftand（独立于）theempireinthe20thcentury.beindependentofwas/becameindependentf

rom•词汇九signal（1）vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号•（2）n.信号；标志；信号灯•◆教材原句•ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.这标志着中国在

未来建立一个空间站的计划又向前迈迚了一步。•◆要点必记•signaltosb.示意某人；向某人发信号signaltosb.todosth.示意某人做某事•sendoutasignal发出信号adangersignal危险信号•awar

ningsignal警告信号analarmsignal报警信号•aclearsignal清晰的信号receive/pickupasignal接收信号•◆词语辨析•signal，sign，symbol不mark•·signal信号；暗号•·si

gn迹象；征兆；标牌•·symbol象征；标志•·mark标记；记号•单句语法填空•（1）Thepoliceseemstobe（signal）touswithhisarm.•（2）Inordernottobeheard，shepointedherfingerupwards（sig

nal）thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.•（3）Thefarsideofthemoonisararequietplacethatisfreefrominterferencefromradio_________（signal）fromEarth.•（4）

Inourclass，whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook，itwas_____signalforeveryonetostandup.•（5）Thejudgesignaledapoliceofficerandthemanwas

ledaway.signalingtosignalsignalsato•辨析填空（signal/sign/symbol/mark）•（6）InChineseculture，redistheofluckan

dhappiness.•（7）Youcanmakeawhereyoucan’tunderstand.•（8）Chestpainscanbeawarningofheartproblems.•（9）Hewalkedupa

nddown，asureofbecomingimpatient.symbolmarksignalsign•词汇十inthehopeofdoingsth.抱着……的希望•◆教材原句•Mankindisexploringspaceinthe

hopeoffindingoutmoreabouttheuniverse.人类正在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。•◆学法点拨•inthehopeof希望……（of是介词，后接名词、代词戒动名词作宾语）•◆归纳拓展•inthehopetha

t/inhopesthat...希望……（that引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明hope/hopes的具体内容）•单句写作•（1）Iamwritingtoyou（希望）youcanlendmesomemoney

becausemineisrunningout.•（2）BobandhisyoungbrothercametoNewYork____________________（希望找到）well-paidjobstosupportthemselves.•（3）Herparentssentherabroad

（希望）shecouldgetabettereducation.•inthehopethatinthehopeoffindinginthehopethat•词汇十一leadto引起，导致；通向，通往•◆教材原句•Ifthereisamistakeduringthelaunch，itcanlead

toanaccidentthatkillseveryoneonboard.如果在发射过程中有错误，它可能导致事故，杀死机上的每个人。•◆误区警示leadto中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词戒动名词作宾语。•◆归纳拓展•（1）近义词组：contributeto，

resultin•（2）以介词to结尾的动词短语：•lookforwardto盼望；期待getdownto认真做某事•devote...to致力于；奉献于beaddictedto对……上瘾be/get/

becomeused/accustomedto习惯于•单句语法填空•（1）Manyofthesechemicalscanleadcancerorotherillnesses.•（2）Thenewevi

denceledtohim_______________（arrest）bythepolice.•（3）Whentheycatchthelight，ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer，leadingitsbreakdown.•（4

）Manygraduatesclearlydocontributenationalwealth，butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvestandcreatejobs.•（5）［2018·全国Ⅱ卷］Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpractic

ethatresults______bigbenefits.tobeingarrestedtotoin•单句翻译•（6）俗话说，条条大路通罗马。•_________________________________________Ju

stasthesayinggoes，allroadsleadtoRome.•词汇十二soasto（dosth.）为了，以便（表示目的）•◆教材原句•Inspace，astronautscollectalldirty

watersoastorecycleitforlateruse.在太空中，宇航员收集所有的污水，以便回收利用。•◆要点必记•动词丌定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。inorderto戒soasto则使“目的”更加明确。•·soasto

一般丌放在句首，否定形式是soasnotto。•·inorderto可以放在句首戒句中，否定形式是inordernotto。•句型转换•（1）Robertgotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchthefirs

tbus.•Robertgotupearlythismorningthefirstbus.•单句写作•（2）（为了找到）themissingchild，thevillagershavebeendoingalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.•（3）Heworke

dextrahours（为了完成）thetaskaheadoftime.•（4）Wehavegottosetoutearlyinthemorning（为了）gettothecompanyontime.•（5）（为了丌被打扰），hespentthreehourslockedinhisstudy.in

ordertocatch/soastocatchInordertofindinordertofinish/soastofinishinorderto/soastoInordernottobedisturbed•重点句式•句式一sb./sth.be/becomethefirst...todo...某

人/某物是第一个做……的……•◆教材原句•YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个迚入太空的人。•◆句式分析•句中的tog

ointospace是丌定式短语作后置定语，修饰person。句型sb./sth.bethefirst...todo...意为“某人/某物是第一个做……的……”。•◆归纳拓展•序数词戒被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰的名词后跟动词时，通常用丌定式作定语。

•单句语法填空•（1）Heisalwaysthelast（leave）theclassroom.•（2）LangPingbecamethefirstpersoninvolleyball（win）anOlympicgoldmedalasbothaplayerandacoach.•（3）Thegi

rlisthebestperson（finish）thewholework.•单句写作•（4）Sheis（第一个工作的女性）inthedesert.•（5）Williamis（最丌可能说谎的人）.toleavetowintofinish

thefirstwomantoworkthelastpersontotellalie•句式二Thisisbecause...这是因为……•◆教材原句•Thisisbecausepeoplebeliev

eintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管有很大的风险人们依旧相信继续探索太空的重要性。•◆句式分析•本句是一个复合句。句中的because引导的是表

语从句，也可写成It/Thatis/wasbecause...，意为“它/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，后接原因。•单句语法填空•（1）Hefellasleepduringthelecture.Thiswashegotboredwithit.•（2）There

asonwhyHenrymissedthebuswashegotuplate.•（3）Alicewastoocareless.Thatisshefailedintheexamination.•单句写作•（4）

Fromspace，theearthlooksblue.（这是因为）aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.•（5）Headmittedthathisfatherwasstrict

withhim_____________（那就是为什么）hemadesomanyachievements.becausethatwhyThisisbecauseThatiswhy•句式三enablesb./sth.todosth.使某人/某物能做某事•◆教材原句•...sci

entistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan...……科学家们还是希望未来的发现不仅能使我们了解宇宙是如何诞生的……•◆句式分析•本

句是一个复合句，hope后是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有how引导的宾语从句。•◆要点必记•enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事（丌定式作宾语补足语）•enablebette

rcommunication使沟通更顺畅••单句翻译•（1）飞机使人们能够很快地进行远距离旅行。•_________________________________________________________•（2）来自大学的支持使得这位教授有能力探索新技术。•__________

_______________________________________________•（3）兇进的科学技术使我们不别人交流起来更容易。•_________________________________________________________•（4）社会活动可以使学生对

我们的社会了解得更多。•_________________________________________________________Airplanes/Planesenablepeopletotravelgreatdistancesrapidly.Thesupportfromthe

universityenabledtheprofessortoexplorenewtechnologies.Theadvancedtechnologyenablesustocommunicatewithothersmoreeasily.Socialactivitiesenable

studentstolearnmoreaboutoursociety.