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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures过去分词作定语和宾补1．(教材P41)Theyhadcastlesbuilt(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangesto

thelegalsystem．2．(教材P42)Theyusethesameflag,known(know)astheUnionJack，．．．3．(教材P42)JudyandIhadourcarparked(park)inanundergroundcarparkne

arTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged(charge)．过去分词作定语时的意义1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。◆Ourteacherwatchedus

doingtheexperimentandgaveusasatisfiedsmileatlast．我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。◆Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecarriedout

soon．会上提出的计划将很快被执行。2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。◆Manylittlekidslikegatheringfallenleavesintheyard．许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收

集落叶。◆Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning．早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。【典例1】(2019·北京卷)EarthDay,____________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingt

oraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection．解析：句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，EarthDa

y与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：marked过去分词作定语时的位置1．前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。◆Thepolluted

waterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera．被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。◆Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers．我们需要更多的合格的工人。有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的

名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。◆Therearefewtigersleft．Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasur

estoprotectthemfromdyingout．剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。2．后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。◆Heisateacherlovedbyhisstu

dents．他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。◆Thebookpublishedtenyearsagoisstillabest-sellertoday．十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词

被动完成现在分词主动进行◆Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry．众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。◆Thevisitorisfromadevelopedcountry．这位游客来自一个发达国家。4．过去分词(done)、

现在分词的被动语态(beingdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生◆Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding．

去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。◆Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding．现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。◆Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding．下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们

的教学楼。常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。◆Hepassedaway,leavinghisworksunfinished．他去世了，留下他的著作还未完成。◆Don’tkee

pyourmouthshutwhenIaskyouaquestion．当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。◆Hewantstohave/

gethiseyesexaminedtomorrow．他明天想去检查眼睛。◆JennyhopesthatMr．SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishimprovedinashortperiod．珍妮希望史密斯先生会建

议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。◆TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish．他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。

3．感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。◆Whenwesawtheroadblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome．当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我

们决定在家过假期。◆Thenextmorningpeoplefoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged．第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like,want

,wish,expect,order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。◆Themanagerorderedtheworkfinishedattheendofthisweek．经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。◆Wi

theveryproblemsettled,hebegantothinkofajourney．每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。【典例2】(2018·天津卷)IneedanewpassportsoIwill

havetohavemyphotograph____________(take)．解析：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语myphotograph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因此用过去分词作宾补。答案：taken非谓语动词作宾语补足语

的区别1．感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：hear＋宾语＋doingsth.听到„„正在做„„，（主动、进行）dosth.听到„„

做了„„（主动、完成）done听到„„被做（被动、完成或无时间性）◆IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday．昨天经过她房间时，我

听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)◆IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow．刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)◆TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportuni

tiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible．为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)2．使役动词make,have,get,keep后加复合宾语的比较：(1)make＋宾语＋dosth.让

„„做某事（主动）done让„„被做（被动）◆Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface．这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。◆Hespokeslowlyandclearlysot

hathecouldmakehimselfunderstood．他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。(2)have＋宾语＋dosth.使„„做某事（主动）doingsth.使„„持续做某事（主动、进行）done使„„被做（被动）◆Motherhadmegototheshopandbuys

omesalt．妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。◆Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal．整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。◆Myeldersisterhadherwalletstolenona

buslastmonth．上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(3)get＋宾语＋todosth.使„„做某事（主动）doingsth.使„„开始做某事（主动）done使„„被做（被动）◆Hegotmetopo

sttheletterforhim．他让我替他寄信。◆Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest．休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。◆I’llgetmycellphonerepairedtomorrow．我明天

要(请人)修一下我的手机。(4)keep＋宾语＋doingsth.使„„一直做某事（主动、进行）done使„„被做（被动）◆I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong．对不起，让你久等了。◆Shekepthereyesshutands

tayedwhereshewas．她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。【典例3】(2019·陕西期末)Today,youcanfindastatueofJohnHarvard____________(stand)infrontoftheUnivers

ityHallinHarvardYard，anditisperhapstheUniversity’sbestknownlandmark．解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的JohnHarvard的雕

像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。astatueofJohnHarvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。答案：standingⅠ单句语法填空1．Weseeanoldmansweepingthefallen(fall)lea

veseverymorningwhenwepassthepostoffice．2．Ourteacherwasveryworriedbecausetherewasonlyalittletimeleft(leave)forustofinishthist

ask．3．Generallyspeaking,thechildrenbrought(bring)upbygrandparentstendtofeellonelysometimes．4．Itisamazi

ngthathefellinlovewiththegirldressed(dress)inaredskirtatthefirstsight．5．Asisknowntousall,TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ison

eofthetopuniversitiesintheworld．6．Therewasanexcited(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared．7．Theplayersselected(

select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame．8．Theyspenttwohoursdiscussingtheplandesigned(design)bythefamousengineer．9．Thec

onfusedexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasnotabletoworkouttheconfusingproblem．(confuse)10．Theteacherw

antedourcompositionshanded(hand)inafterclass．11．I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsuggestagoodwaytogetmyEnglishimproved(improve)inashor

tperiodoftime．12．Withallherbusinessthingsarranged(arrange),Dianawentonholiday．13．Thespeakerraisedhisvo

icebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfheard(hear)．14．Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr．Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)g

oodcareofathome．Ⅱ语法与写作1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。They’rehavingameetingtodiscusstheseriousproblemknown_to_everybody．2．为了解决

这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。Tosolvetheproblem,weshouldmeetthedemandmade_by_the_customers．3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。Tohiss

urprise,hedidn’tnotice_his_wallet_stolenonthebus．4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。You’dbetterleave_all_the_dishes_untouchedbeforealltheguests

areseated．5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。Theyoungladywasquiteannoyedtofind_her_valuable_necklace_lost．6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。Thecouplefeltverysat

isfiedtoseetheirdaughtertaken_good_care_ofinthenewnursery．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Mr．Brown’sroom,filled(fill)withallkindsofbooks,looksasifitisasmalllibrary．2．Totell

thetruth,youmustmakeeveryefforttoimproveyourspoken(speak)English．3．(2019·四川成都七中高一诊断)Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhissondressed(dress)asSantaClauson

ChristmasEve．4．(2019·山西实验中学高一联考)Ioncefoundmycellphonemissing(miss)duringmystayinthecity．5．Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected(respect),youareabov

ealltorespectyourself．6．Thestudentlikesreadingstorieswritten(write)bythefamouswriter．7．Manyused(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket．8．Pricesofdailyg

oodsbought(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices．9．Today,therearemanypeoplevisiting(visit)theparkeve

ryday．10．Weshouldpayattentiontothephysicalandmentalhealthproblemscaused_(cause)byalackofsleep．11．Mycellph

onehasbrokendownandIhavetogetitrepaired(repair)soon．12．Iwassurprised(surprise)tofindmyhometownchanged(change)somuch．13．Johnr

eceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkcompleted(complete),hegladlyacceptedit．14．Don’tleavethewaterrunning(r

un)whileyouarebrushingyourteeth．15．Theyogaclub,opened(open)lastmonthinourschool,ispopularamongwomentea

chers．Ⅱ阅读理解ThefirstpeopleinCanadacrossedtheBeringStraitfromAsia．InthenorththeInuitlivedbyhuntingseals,walruses(海象)andwhales．Theyalsohuntedcaribou(驯鹿)

．Onthewestcoastpeoplehunteddeer,bearandbeaver．Theyalsofished．Ontheplainspeoplelivedbyhuntingbuffalo．Intheeastpeoplegrewcropsofbeans,squash,maizea

ndsunflowerseeds．ThefirstEuropeanstoreachCanadaweretheVi-kings．In986aVikingcalledBjarniHerjolfssonwasblownoffcoursebyastormandhespottedanewland．H

oweverhesailedawaywithoutlanding．In1001amannamedLeifErikssonlandedinthenewland,whichhenamedVinland(itwaspartofC

anada)．HoweverErikssondidnotstaypermanently．LatertheVikingsdidestablishacolonyinNorthAmericabuttheyabandoneditbe

causeofconflictwiththenatives．HoweveraftertheVikingsCanadawasforgottenuntiltheendofthe15thcentury．In1497theEnglishkingHenryⅦsenta

nItaliannamedJohnCabotonanexpeditionacrosstheAtlantictoNewfoundland．CabotdiscoveredrichfishingwatersoffthecoastofCanada

．Thenin1534andin1535－1536aFrenchmannamedJacquesCartier(1491－1557)sailedontwoexpeditionstoCanada．On10August1535(StLawrence’sDay)hesailedintotheS

tLawrenceRiver,whichhenamedafterthesaint．HowevernopermanentEuropeansettlementsweremadeinCanadauntiltheearly17thcent

ury．In1603aFrenchmannamedSamueldeChamplain(1567－1635)saileduptheStLawrenceRiver．In1604hefoundedPortRoyalinA

cadia(NovaScotia)．In1608SamueldeChamplainfoundedQuebec．(ThenameQuebecisbelievedtobeanAlgonquinwordmeaninganarrowpartofariver．)In1642th

eFrenchfoundedMontreal．ThenewcolonyinCanadawascalledNewFrance．By1685thepopulationofNewFrancewasabout10,00

0．By1740itwas48,000．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。1．InwhichpartofCanadadidpeoplegrowcrops?A．Inthe

north．B．Intheeast．C．Onthewestcoast．D．Ontheplains．B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Intheeastpeoplegrewcropsofbeans,squash,maizeandsu

nflowerseeds．可知答案。2．WhowasthefirstEuropeantoreachCanada?A．LeifEriksson．B．BjarniHerjolfsson．C．JohnCabot

．D．SamueldeChamplain．B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句ThefirstEuropeanstoreachCanada．．．calledBjarniHerjolfssonwasblownoffcoursebyas

tormandhespottedanewland．可知，BjarniHerjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。3．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．EuropeanssetfootonCanada．B．European

sstartedexpeditions．C．Europeansfoughtagainstthenatives．D．Europeansbegantomakepermanentsettlements．D解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。4．Whatis

thebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEarlyHistoryofCanadaB．TheLanguagesofCanadaC．EuropeansStartedExpeditionsD．TheWarBetweenEurope

ansandCanadiansA解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。Ⅲ七选五Rainbows(彩虹)areoneofthemos

tbeautifulworksthatnaturecreates．1．________Ifyou’veeverseenone,consideryourselflucky．Rainbowscanbeseenwhenlightpassesthro

ughraindrops,saysKristinCalhoun,aresearchscientiststudyingtheconditionsofweather．Whensunlightpassesthroughr

aindrops,thelightbends,asitentersadroplet．Asitleavesthedroplet,thelightseparatesintodifferentwaveleng

ths(波长)．2．________Thesevencolors—red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet—bendinsevendifferentdirections．Redli

ght,forexample,bendsinadifferentwaythanvioletlight．3．________Italsoexplainswhyrainbowslooklikeanarc(弧)．Sometimes,however,rainbowscanactual

lyformacirclethatyoucanseeinaplanewiththerightconditions．4．________“Thereisanevenbetterchancewhenthesunisatalowerlevel,earlyorlaterintheday，

”Calhounsays．Andanotherkeyistofacetherainandhaveyourbacktothesun．5．________“Smallshowersandstormsoftenfor

minlateafternooninthisarea，”Calhounsays．“Thesetypesofshowersoftenproduceheavyrain,butremainisolated(孤立的)

overthecenteroftheisland．”A．Therearelotsofstoriesrelatingtorainbows．B．Rainbowsarecreatedbylightthroughraindro

ps．C．Andeachwavelengthappearsasadifferentcolor．D．Withtheconditionsjustright,Hawaiigetslotsofrainbows．E．Thebesttimetocatcharainbowiswhenit’ssunnyandra

ining．F．Buttheycanbeseenonlyifyouareintherightplaceattherighttime．G．Thisiswhythepersononthegroundseeseachcoloratadifferentlocation

．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？1．F解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹)areoneofthemostbeautifulworksthatnaturecreates．与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美

丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。2．C解析：C项中的wavelength和color分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上启下的作用。3．G解析：上文中的Thesevencolors．．．bend

insevendifferentdirections．Redlight,forexample,bendsinadifferentwaythanvioletlight．与G项内容形成因果关系。4．E解析：本段涉及彩虹出现的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题

；且E项中的sunnyandraining与下文中的thesun和therain存在词汇复现关系。5．D解析：下文中的thisarea和theisland指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因

此经常出现彩虹。Ⅳ语法填空WinterinQuebec,CanadaisverydifferentfromthatinEngland．WhenIfirstarrived,Iwas1．____________(slight)worriedaboutthewinter．Icouldn’timagi

ne2．____________itwouldbeliketohave3metresofsnowandwhatonearthIwasgoingtodowhentheweatherwassobad．However,h

ere,lifegoesonasusual．Trainsandbusescontinue,andpeoplesocialiseandevenbetter．3．____________numberofnew

sportstakeover．Forme,skiingmeansdownhillskiing,inskiresorts(度假胜地),withskiliftstakingyouupthemountain．B

efore4．____________(arrive),Ididnotknowtherewereinfactdifferent5．____________(type)ofskiing．Imagineasunnybutcoldday,andyouhavetakenachairliftt

othetopofamountain6．____________(cover)insnow．Anhourseemslikeafewminutes,asyoucarveyourwaydownaruntothebottom,andthendoitallagain．Itismyne

wfavouritesport．Iceskatingonafrozen(结冰的)lakeisanother7．____________(excite)sportforme．OnceIcouldhardlystandonapairoficeskates,bu

tnowIamabletomakelaps(圈)ofthe3kmrouteonthelake,8．____________isfrozenduringJanuaryandFebruary．Indeedhaving3metresofsnowwasabitfrightening．School9．__

__________(cancel)oncebecauseofabigsnowstorm,butIwas10．____________busyenjoyingallthesecoolsportsthatwinterfinishedt

oosoon!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。1．slightly解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。2．what解析

：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。3．A解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。anumberof意为“许多，大量”。4．arriving解

析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。5．types解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。6．covered解析：

考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。7．exciting解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。8．which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制

性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。9．wascancelled解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过

去时，故填wascancelled。10．so解析：考查副词。so．．．that．．．意为“如此„„以至于„„”。