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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures过去分词作定语和宾补1．(教材P41)Theyhadcastlesbuilt(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem．2．(

教材P42)Theyusethesameflag,known(know)astheUnionJack，．．．3．(教材P42)JudyandIhadourcarparked(park)inanundergroundcarparknearTrafalg

arSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbatterycharged(charge)．过去分词作定语时的意义1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。

◆Ourteacherwatchedusdoingtheexperimentandgaveusasatisfiedsmileatlast．我们的老师看着我们做实验，最后给了我们一个满意的微笑。◆Theplanputforwardatthemeetingwillbecar

riedoutsoon．会上提出的计划将很快被执行。2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。◆Manylittlekidslikegatheringfallenleavesintheyard．许多小孩子喜

欢在庭院里收集落叶。◆Therisensunisshiningbrightlyinthemorning．早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。【典例1】(2019·北京卷)EarthDay,____________(mark)o

n22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection．解析：句意：地球日在4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的

年度事件。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，EarthDay与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：marked过去分词作定语时的位置1．前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之

前。◆Thepollutedwaterwastoblameforthespreadofcholera．被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。◆Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers．我们需要更多的合格的工人。有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定

语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。◆Therearefewtigersleft．Itistimeforthedepartmentsconcernedtotakemeasurestoprotectthemfro

mdyingout．剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。2．后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。◆Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents．他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。◆Thebookp

ublishedtenyearsagoisstillabest-sellertoday．十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行◆Aswea

llknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry．众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。◆Thevisitorisfromadevelopedcountry．这位游客来自一个发达国家。4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(bein

gdone)与动词不定式的被动语态(tobedone)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成beingdone被动进行tobedone被动尚未发生◆Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding．去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。◆The

buildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding．现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。◆Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroom

building．下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。◆Hepassedaway,leavinghisworksunfinished．他去世了，留下

他的著作还未完成。◆Don’tkeepyourmouthshutwhenIaskyouaquestion．当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。

(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”。◆Hewantstohave/gethiseyesexaminedtomorrow．他明天想去检查眼睛。◆JennyhopesthatMr．Smithwills

uggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishimprovedinashortperiod．珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去

分词表示结果。◆TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish．他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。3．感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后，可用过去

分词作宾语补足语。◆Whenwesawtheroadblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome．当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。◆Thenextmor

ningpeoplefoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged．第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like,want,wish,expect,order等可用过去

分词作宾语补足语。◆Themanagerorderedtheworkfinishedattheendofthisweek．经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中

，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。◆Witheveryproblemsettled,hebegantothinkofajourney．每一个问题解决后，他开始考虑旅行。【典例2】(2018·天津卷)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyph

otograph____________(take)．解析：句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。宾语myphotograph与take之间为被动关系，且表示让他人去做这件事，因

此用过去分词作宾补。答案：taken非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：hear＋宾语＋doings

th.听到„„正在做„„，（主动、进行）dosth.听到„„做了„„（主动、完成）done听到„„被做（被动、完成或无时间性）◆IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomye

sterday．昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。(主动、正在进行)◆IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow．刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)◆TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfi

ndopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible．为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)2．使役动词make,have,get,keep后加复合宾语的比较：(1)make＋宾语＋dosth.让„„做某事（

主动）done让„„被做（被动）◆Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface．这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。◆Hespok

eslowlyandclearlysothathecouldmakehimselfunderstood．他说得又慢又清楚以便使自己被理解。(2)have＋宾语＋dosth.使„„做某事（主动）doingsth.使„„持续做某事（主动、进行）done使„„被做（被动）

◆Motherhadmegototheshopandbuysomesalt．妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。◆Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal．整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。◆Myeldersisterhadherwalletstolenonabuslastm

onth．上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。(3)get＋宾语＋todosth.使„„做某事（主动）doingsth.使„„开始做某事（主动）done使„„被做（被动）◆Hegotmetopo

sttheletterforhim．他让我替他寄信。◆Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest．休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵

们开始朝前线行进。◆I’llgetmycellphonerepairedtomorrow．我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。(4)keep＋宾语＋doingsth.使„„一直做某事（主动、进行）done使„„被做（被动）◆I’msorrytoh

avekeptyouwaitingsolong．对不起，让你久等了。◆Shekepthereyesshutandstayedwhereshewas．她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。【典例3】(2019·陕西期末)Today,youcanfindastatueofJohnHarvard

____________(stand)infrontoftheUniversityHallinHarvardYard，anditisperhapstheUniversity’sbestknownlandmark．解析：句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的JohnHarv

ard的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。astatueofJohnHarvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。答案：standingⅠ单句语法填空1．Weseeanoldmansweepingthe

fallen(fall)leaveseverymorningwhenwepassthepostoffice．2．Ourteacherwasveryworriedbecausetherewasonlyalittletim

eleft(leave)forustofinishthistask．3．Generallyspeaking,thechildrenbrought(bring)upbygrandparentstendtofeellonelysom

etimes．4．Itisamazingthathefellinlovewiththegirldressed(dress)inaredskirtatthefirstsight．5．Asisknowntousall,TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911

,isoneofthetopuniversitiesintheworld．6．Therewasanexcited(excite)lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared．7．Theplayersselected(select)fromthewholecountryar

eexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame．8．Theyspenttwohoursdiscussingtheplandesigned(design)bythefamousengineer．9．Theconfusedexpressiononhisfac

esuggestedthathewasnotabletoworkouttheconfusingproblem．(confuse)10．Theteacherwantedourcompositionshanded(hand)inafterclass．11．I’dapprecia

teitifyoucouldsuggestagoodwaytogetmyEnglishimproved(improve)inashortperiodoftime．12．Withallherbusinessthingsarranged(arrang

e),Dianawentonholiday．13．Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfheard(hear)．14．Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfri

ca,Dr．Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)goodcareofathome．Ⅱ语法与写作1．他们正在开会讨论这个人人都知道的严重问题。They’rehavinga

meetingtodiscusstheseriousproblemknown_to_everybody．2．为了解决这个问题，我们应该满足顾客提出的需求。Tosolvetheproblem,weshouldmeetthedemandmade_b

y_the_customers．3．使他吃惊的是，他没有注意到钱包在公交车上被人偷了。Tohissurprise,hedidn’tnotice_his_wallet_stolenonthebus．4．在所有客人就座之前，你最好不要动所有的菜。You’dbetterleav

e_all_the_dishes_untouchedbeforealltheguestsareseated．5．这位年轻女士发现她珍贵的项链丢了，很恼火。Theyoungladywasquiteannoyedtofind_her_valuable_ne

cklace_lost．6．这对夫妇看到女儿在这家新托儿所受到很好的照顾，感到很满意。Thecouplefeltverysatisfiedtoseetheirdaughtertaken_good_care_ofinthenewnurse

ry．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Mr．Brown’sroom,filled(fill)withallkindsofbooks,looksasifitisasmalllibrary．2．Totellthetruth,youmustmakeeveryeffortto

improveyourspoken(speak)English．3．(2019·四川成都七中高一诊断)Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhissondressed(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve．4．(2

019·山西实验中学高一联考)Ioncefoundmycellphonemissing(miss)duringmystayinthecity．5．Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected(

respect),youareabovealltorespectyourself．6．Thestudentlikesreadingstorieswritten(write)bythefamouswriter．

7．Manyused(use)computerswillbesoldinthismarket．8．Pricesofdailygoodsbought(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices．9．Today,therearemanype

oplevisiting(visit)theparkeveryday．10．Weshouldpayattentiontothephysicalandmentalhealthproblemscaused_(cause)byalackofsleep．11．Myc

ellphonehasbrokendownandIhavetogetitrepaired(repair)soon．12．Iwassurprised(surprise)tofindmyhometownc

hanged(change)somuch．13．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkcompleted(complete),hegladlyacceptedit．14．Don’tleavethewaterrunning(run)wh

ileyouarebrushingyourteeth．15．Theyogaclub,opened(open)lastmonthinourschool,ispopularamongwomenteachers．Ⅱ阅读理解ThefirstpeopleinCanadacrossedth

eBeringStraitfromAsia．InthenorththeInuitlivedbyhuntingseals,walruses(海象)andwhales．Theyalsohuntedcaribou(驯鹿)．Onthewestc

oastpeoplehunteddeer,bearandbeaver．Theyalsofished．Ontheplainspeoplelivedbyhuntingbuffalo．Intheeastpeoplegrewcropsofbeans,squ

ash,maizeandsunflowerseeds．ThefirstEuropeanstoreachCanadaweretheVi-kings．In986aVikingcalledBjarniHerjolfssonwasblownoffcoursebyastormandhespottedan

ewland．Howeverhesailedawaywithoutlanding．In1001amannamedLeifErikssonlandedinthenewland,whichhenamedVinland(itwa

spartofCanada)．HoweverErikssondidnotstaypermanently．LatertheVikingsdidestablishacolonyinNorthAmericabuttheyabandoneditbecauseofconflict

withthenatives．HoweveraftertheVikingsCanadawasforgottenuntiltheendofthe15thcentury．In1497theEnglishkingHenryⅦsentanItaliannamedJohnCabotonanexped

itionacrosstheAtlantictoNewfoundland．CabotdiscoveredrichfishingwatersoffthecoastofCanada．Thenin1534andin1535－1536aFren

chmannamedJacquesCartier(1491－1557)sailedontwoexpeditionstoCanada．On10August1535(StLawrence’sDay)hesailedintotheStLawrenceRiver,whichhe

namedafterthesaint．HowevernopermanentEuropeansettlementsweremadeinCanadauntiltheearly17thcentury．In1603aFrenchmannamedSamueldeChamplain(1567－1

635)saileduptheStLawrenceRiver．In1604hefoundedPortRoyalinAcadia(NovaScotia)．In1608SamueldeChamplainfoundedQuebec．(The

nameQuebecisbelievedtobeanAlgonquinwordmeaninganarrowpartofariver．)In1642theFrenchfoundedMontreal．ThenewcolonyinCanadawascalledNewFrance．By1

685thepopulationofNewFrancewasabout10,000．By1740itwas48,000．【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。1．InwhichpartofCanadadidpe

oplegrowcrops?A．Inthenorth．B．Intheeast．C．Onthewestcoast．D．Ontheplains．B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Intheeastpeoplegrewcropsofbeans,squash,maize

andsunflowerseeds．可知答案。2．WhowasthefirstEuropeantoreachCanada?A．LeifEriksson．B．BjarniHerjolfsson．C．John

Cabot．D．SamueldeChamplain．B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句ThefirstEuropeanstoreachCanada．．．calledBjarniHerjolfssonwasblownoffcoursebyas

tormandhespottedanewland．可知，BjarniHerjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。3．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．EuropeanssetfootonCana

da．B．Europeansstartedexpeditions．C．Europeansfoughtagainstthenatives．D．Europeansbegantomakepermanentsettlements．D解析：段落大意

题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheEarlyHistoryofCanadaB．TheLanguagesofCanadaC．Europe

ansStartedExpeditionsD．TheWarBetweenEuropeansandCanadiansA解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市逐渐形成的过程。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。Ⅲ七选五Rainbows(彩虹)ar

eoneofthemostbeautifulworksthatnaturecreates．1．________Ifyou’veeverseenone,consideryourselflucky．Rainbowscanbeseenwhenlightpassesthroughraindr

ops,saysKristinCalhoun,aresearchscientiststudyingtheconditionsofweather．Whensunlightpassesthroughraindrops,thelightbends,a

sitentersadroplet．Asitleavesthedroplet,thelightseparatesintodifferentwavelengths(波长)．2．________Thesevencolors—red,orange

,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet—bendinsevendifferentdirections．Redlight,forexample,bendsinadiffer

entwaythanvioletlight．3．________Italsoexplainswhyrainbowslooklikeanarc(弧)．Sometimes,however,rainbowscanactuallyformacirclethaty

oucanseeinaplanewiththerightconditions．4．________“Thereisanevenbetterchancewhenthesunisatalowerlevel,earlyorlaterintheday，”Calhounsays．Andanother

keyistofacetherainandhaveyourbacktothesun．5．________“Smallshowersandstormsoftenforminlateafternooninthisarea，”Calhounsays．“Thesetypesofshowersof

tenproduceheavyrain,butremainisolated(孤立的)overthecenteroftheisland．”A．Therearelotsofstoriesrelatingtorainbows．B．Rainbowsarecreatedbylightthroughrai

ndrops．C．Andeachwavelengthappearsasadifferentcolor．D．Withtheconditionsjustright,Hawaiigetslotsofrainbows．E．T

hebesttimetocatcharainbowiswhenit’ssunnyandraining．F．Buttheycanbeseenonlyifyouareintherightplaceattheri

ghttime．G．Thisiswhythepersononthegroundseeseachcoloratadifferentlocation．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。彩虹是大自然最美的作品之一，在什么样的条件下才能欣赏到美丽的彩虹呢？

1．F解析：上文Rainbows(彩虹)areoneofthemostbeautifulworksthatnaturecreates．与F项内容形成转折关系，即彩虹虽然美丽，但人们必须在合适的时间和地点才能看见它。2

．C解析：C项中的wavelength和color分别复现上文中的wavelengths和下文中的colors，起到承上启下的作用。3．G解析：上文中的Thesevencolors．．．bendinsevendifferentdirections．Redlight,forexample,bends

inadifferentwaythanvioletlight．与G项内容形成因果关系。4．E解析：本段涉及彩虹出现的天气条件，E项内容符合该话题；且E项中的sunnyandraining与下文中的thesun

和therain存在词汇复现关系。5．D解析：下文中的thisarea和theisland指代D项中的Hawaii，本段说明夏威夷气象条件合适，因此经常出现彩虹。Ⅳ语法填空WinterinQuebec,Canadaisvery

differentfromthatinEngland．WhenIfirstarrived,Iwas1．____________(slight)worriedaboutthewinter．Icouldn’timagine2．____________itwouldbeliketohave3metres

ofsnowandwhatonearthIwasgoingtodowhentheweatherwassobad．However,here,lifegoesonasusual．Trainsandbusescontinue,

andpeoplesocialiseandevenbetter．3．____________numberofnewsportstakeover．Forme,skiingmeansdownhillskiing,inskiresorts(度假胜地),

withskiliftstakingyouupthemountain．Before4．____________(arrive),Ididnotknowtherewereinfactdifferent5．_____

_______(type)ofskiing．Imagineasunnybutcoldday,andyouhavetakenachairlifttothetopofamountain6．____________(cover)insnow．

Anhourseemslikeafewminutes,asyoucarveyourwaydownaruntothebottom,andthendoitallagain．Itismynewfavouritesport．Icesk

atingonafrozen(结冰的)lakeisanother7．____________(excite)sportforme．OnceIcouldhardlystandonapairoficeskates,butnowIamabletom

akelaps(圈)ofthe3kmrouteonthelake,8．____________isfrozenduringJanuaryandFebruary．Indeedhaving3metresofsnowwasabitfrightening．Sch

ool9．____________(cancel)oncebecauseofabigsnowstorm,butIwas10．____________busyenjoyingallthesecoolsportstha

twinterfinishedtoosoon!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。1．slightly解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍

微”，故填副词slightly。2．what解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。3．A解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许

多新的运动”，故填A。anumberof意为“许多，大量”。4．arriving解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。5．types解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词

，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。6．covered解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。7．exciting解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定

语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。8．which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。9．wascancelled解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还

放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填wascancelled。10．so解析：考查副词。so．．．that．．．意为“如此„„以至于„„

”。