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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时的被动语态1．(教材P28)Much_has_been_written(write)aboutthewondersoft

heWorldWideWeb．2．(教材P28)ButtheInternethas_done(do)muchmoreforpeoplethansimplymakelifemoreconvenient．3．(教材P28)Man

ypeoplehave_been_helped(help)bytheclub．4．(教材P28)Shenolongerfeelslonely,andhercompany_has_become(become)quitesuccessful．5．(教材P32)TodayI

thoughtI’dblogaboutaquestionthathas_been_asked(ask)manytimes—howdoyoustaysafeonlineandavoidbadexperiencesontheInternet?一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构肯定式主语＋have/

hasbeendone．．．否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone．．．一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋beendone．．．？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone．．．？◆Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeetin

g．他已被挑选出来参加运动会。◆Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat．墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。◆Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?

下次会议的日期已确定了吗？◆Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？【即时演练1】——句型转换Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldtheg

oodnews．①将上面的句子变为否定句。The_children_haven’t_been_told_the_good_news_yet．②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?③对上面句子中

的Thechildren进行提问。Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或

结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。◆Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与f

or或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong．．．？”句型中。◆Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours．公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。◆Howlon

ghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。◆Youshouldn’tleaveschoolb

eforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished．在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来eve

r曾经sofar迄今为止bynow到现在为止foralongtime很长一段时间inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里【即时演练2】(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子①Jack’sbosshasalwayspra

isedhimforhisdevotiontowork．→Jackhas_always_been_praisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontowork．②Theyhavefoundagood

placetobuildatempleinthevillage．→Agoodplacehas_been_foundtobuildatempleinthevillage．③Wehaven’tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem．

→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemhasn’t_been_decidedyet．(2)完成句子④当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhas_been_finished．⑤纸币

已被使用了1000多年了。Papermoneyhas_been_usedforoveronethousandyears．(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。◆Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim．→Hehasalreadybee

npunished(byhisboss)．(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将

间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。◆Hegavethelittlegirlanapple．→Thelittlegirlwasgivenanapple(byhim)．→Anapplewasgiventothelittlegirl(byhim)．

【即时演练3】——将下面句子变为被动语态①Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou．→She_has_been_asked_to_help_you．②Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5y

ears．→Many_trees_have__been_planted_on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years．③Hehassentmeane-mail．→I_have_been_sent_an_

e-mail．→An_e-mail_has_been_sent_to_me．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Agreatmanymachineshave_been_produced(produce)bythefacto

rysincethetechnologicalrevolution．2．Greatchangeshave_taken(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactorieshave_been_set(set)upinthepastteny

ears．3．Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilmshave_been_produced(produce)allovertheworld．4．Uptonow,alotofhigh-risebuildi

ngshave_been_built(build)inourcity．5．Overthepastthreeyears,morethan$10millionhas_been_spent(spend)carryingouttheproje

ct．6．Therobotshave_been_used(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate1990s．7．TheEnglishsonghas_been_sung(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit

．8．ProfessorYanghas_been_invited(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar．9．OvertimeIhave_been_changed(change)quit

ealot．10．Ithas_been_used(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s．Ⅱ句型转换1．Wehavesentsomerocketstospacetoexplorethe

MoonandMars．Somerocketshave_been_senttospacebyustoexploretheMoonandMars．2．RoberthasboughtaniPhoneusinghisownm

oney．AniPhonehas_been_boughtbyRobertusinghisownmoney．3．Thefamouscompanyhasgiventhecomputersawaytothosehighschools．Thecomputershave_been_given_away

tothosehighschoolsbythefamouscompany．4．Thelocalgovernmenthaschosentheuniversitytoorganisethetrainingcourse．Theuniversityhas_been_chosenbythelo

calgovernmenttoorganisethetrainingcourse．5．Theyhaven’ttoldmethatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday．Ihaven’

t_been_toldthatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday．6．Peopleusebambooinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears．Bamboohas_been

_usedinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Morethan50，000yuanhas_been_raised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfoun

ded．2．China’sspaceprogramhas_been_developed(develop)greatlysinceitsentitsfirstastronauttospacein2003．3．Computerscie

nce,withwhichrapidprogresshas_been_made(make)inrecentyears,playsaveryimportantpartinourdailylife．4．Uptonow,morethanfivenewspecieshave_been_found(

find)onthisislandbyresearchers．5．BlackFridayhas_been_regarded(regard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseasonfo

ryears．6．Sincetheearly1990s,alotofclinicshave_been_founded(found)inthiscountrytotreatpoorpeopleforfree．7．Thebalancebetweenthecityandthecountryh

as_been_broken(break)bytheindustrialdevelopmentoverthepasttwocenturies．8．Someeffortswere_made(make)toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter．9．Ov

erthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshave_been_taken(take)tomorethan20museumsintheworld．10．Forcenturies,theancientlanguagehas_been_pa

ssed(pass)onfromonegenerationtoanother．Ⅱ阅读理解Smartphones,tabletsandsmartwatchesarebanned(禁止)atschoolforallc

hildrenunder15inFrance．Underthebanstudentsarenotabletousetheirphonesatallduringschoolhours,includingmealbreaks．“Ithinkit’s

agoodthing．Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone，”ParismumMarie-CarolineMadeleinetoldAFP．“It’shardwithkids．Youcan’tcontrolwhattheyseeandthat’so

neofthethingsthatworriesmeasaparent．”ThereisnolawlikethisinAustralia,butsomeAustralianschoolshavebannedphones．McKinnonSec

ondarySchoolinVictoriaintroducedatotalbaninFebruaryandPrincipalPitsaBinnionsaidthishasbeenasuccess．McKinnonstudentsstillhaveaChromebooktouseine

veryclassforday-to-daylearningbutthey’renotallowedtousesocialmedia(媒体)．MsBinnionsaidatfirst“teacherscheeredandstudentsmoaned(抱怨)，”but

nowthey’reseeingthepositives(优势)．“Theycometoschoolandthey’renotallowedtousephonesatallduringtheschoolday,includinglunchbreaks，”shesaid．“It’sbeen

wonderfulintermsofstudentscommunicatingwitheachotheratlunchtimeandnotlookingattheirscreen，”shesaid．MsBinnionalsole

adsbyexampleanddoesn’tusehermobilephoneinschool．“Ithinkanyonecandoitifwe’vedoneit．”Noteveryoneagreeswiththebans．West

ernSydneyUniversitytechnologyresearcherDr．JoanneOrlandowroteinonlinemagazineTheConversationearlierthisyearthatAus

traliashouldnotbanphonesinschoolsbecauseit’simportanttoeducatekidstoliveintheagetheyareraisedin．“Agoodeducati

onforstudentstodayisknowinghowtousetechnologytolearn,communicateandworkwithideas，”shewrote．“Banningstu

dentsfromusingsmartphonesisa1950sresponsetoa2018state-of-play．”【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了澳大利亚学校是否该禁止学生使用手机。1．WhydidMadeleinewelcometheb

an?A．Schoolisforstudying．B．Kidsbehavebadlynowadays．C．Teachersfindithardtocontrolkids．D．Herkidsdependtoomuchonphones

．A解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone可知，Madeleine认为学校不是玩手机的地方，言外之意就是学校是学习的地方。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutt

hebaninMcKinnonSecondarySchool?A．Someteacherswereagainstitatfirst．B．Studentscannowseethegoodoftheban．C．Studentscanusetheirphonesatlunchbreaks．

D．Teachershavestoppedusingphonesatschoolaswell．B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的thishasbeenasuccess和第五段中的nowthey’reseeingthepositives可知，学生

们起初抱怨，但现在都看到了这一禁令的好处。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Chromebook”inParagraph5probablyreferto?A．Abook．B．An

otebook．C．Alearningwebsite．D．Akindofcomputer．D解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的Smartphones,tabletsandsmartwatches和第五段中的forday-to-daylearningbutth

ey’renotallowedtousesocialmedia(媒体)可知，画线词应该指的是一种电脑。学生们学习可以用，但是不允许使用社交网络。4．WhatdoesDr．JoanneOrlandothinkofbanningphonesinschools?A．Itwilldi

sconnectparentsandkids．B．Itwillcausekidstocommunicateless．C．Itwillpreventkidsbeingtech-minded．D．Itwillmakeeducationgoback60years．C解析：推理判断题。由倒数第一

、二段可知，Dr．JoanneOrlando认为现在是科技时代，就应该让学生与时代接轨，禁止学生使用手机不符合这个时代的特征。Ⅲ七选五Studieshaveshownthatabout30%ofthechildreninAmericaaged6to19areeitheroverw

eightorobese(肥胖的)．1．________Besides,thesituationinthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnionissimilar．Ifyouaregainingweight,itdoesn

otalwaysmeanthatyouarebecomingobese．Afterall,childrenandyoungadultsneednutrientstogrow．2．________However,ifyoubeginput

tingontoomuchweight,youmaybeontheroadtoobesity．3．________Genesareoneofthefactorsthatcanleadtoit．Genesdetermin

ehowyourbodystoresfoodandhowwellitturnsfoodintoenergy．Yourgenescomefromyourparents,sooverweightparentsaremorelikelytohaveove

rweightchildren．Althoughyoumayhavegoodgenes,youcanstillbecomeobese．Infact,thelackofphysicalexercisecanalsocau

seobesity．4．________Forexample,comparedwithgoingoutsideanddoingsomephysicalactivities,childrennowprefertositstillforhoursinfron

tofcomputersorTVs．Manyofuseatuptofourmealsadaythankstoexcessive(过度的)snacking．Andwhenwehaveasnack,wemaydon’tconsidereatingfruits．Butthi

sisnotalwaysthechildren’sfault．5．________A．Fastfoodisanotherreasonforobesity．B．Butwhatmaycausechildhoodobesity?C．Thatisalmostoneoutofthreey

oungAmericans．D．Thisincreasestheirchancesofbecomingoverweight．E．Soitisnormalforthemtogainweightastimegoeson．F．Nowadays,

ourfreetimeactivitieshavegreatlychanged．G．Afterall,therearemanystoresofferingallkindsofsnacksnearsch

ools．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了造成青少年肥胖的几点因素。1．C解析：此空设于段中，与前文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前文中提到的数据30%ofthechildren。2．

E解析：此空设于段中，与前文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文陈述：毕竟，孩子和青少年需要营养来成长，此句进一步论述，所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的。3．B解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面

都是围绕此句展开说明基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。4．F解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。此句说如今，人们的自由活动已经在很大程度上改变了，后面就这一点举例说明。5．G解析：此空设于段尾，对前一句进行解释。前一句说孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错，此句

进一步解释说明：毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。Ⅳ语法填空Itookashortflighttheotherday．Thepassengersontheplane1．____________(offer)anin-flightsnack—asandwichwhichconta

ineddairyandmeat．SinceI2．____________(feel)totallyfullatthattimeoftheday,Iputitinmybag．Ihopedlaterthatd

ay,Imaycomeacrossahomelessperson,to3．____________thissandwichmaymeanhisonlymeal．Well,Ididcomeacrossa

homelessmanlaterthatday．Thatmanwaswith4．____________(he)dogBella．WhenIgavehim5．____________sandwich,Inoticedhissmileashewas

openingthesandwich．Hesharedit6．____________Bella．Theystartedtoeatquickly．7．____________(see)howhungryhewas,Iemp

tiedmybagofalltreatsandfoodIhad．Ialsowentandboughtalargecoffeeforhim．He8．____________(sincere)thanked

meandcontinuedtohavehis“big”meal．Kindnessissuchasimplethingforustodo．However,for9．____________(receive),itcanbelife-ch

anging．Asasayinggoes,“Tenmenbanded(聚集)togetherinlovecandowhattenthousandseparatelywouldfailin．”Ifeac

hofusdoesonekindthingatatime,thestrength10．____________(build)upwillbesurprising．【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲

述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起做善事。1．wereoffered解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故

用一般过去时的被动语态。2．felt解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。3．whom解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指代人，故用whom。4．his解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词

dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。5．the解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用定冠词the。6．with解析：考查介词。sharesth．withsb．意为：与某人分享某物

，故填with。7．Seeing解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做状语。8．sincerely解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。9．receivers解析：考查名

词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填receivers。10．built解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。