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SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时的被动语态1．(教材P28)Much_has_been_written(write)aboutthewondersofth

eWorldWideWeb．2．(教材P28)ButtheInternethas_done(do)muchmoreforpeoplethansimplymakelifemoreconvenient．3．(教材P28)Ma

nypeoplehave_been_helped(help)bytheclub．4．(教材P28)Shenolongerfeelslonely,andhercompany_has_become(become)quitesu

ccessful．5．(教材P32)TodayIthoughtI’dblogaboutaquestionthathas_been_asked(ask)manytimes—howdoyoustaysafeonlineandavoidbade

xperiencesontheInternet?一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构肯定式主语＋have/hasbeendone．．．否定式主语＋have/hasnotbeendone．．．一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋been

done．．．？特殊疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone．．．？◆Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting．他已被挑选出来参加运动会。◆Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisoverco

at．墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。◆Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次会议的日期已确定了吗？◆Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了？【即时演练1】——句型转

换Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews．①将上面的句子变为否定句。The_children_haven’t_been_told_the_good_news_yet．②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。Have_th

e_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?③对上面句子中的Thechildren进行提问。Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．现在完成时的

被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。◆Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired．机器已经修好了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续

到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong．．．？”句型中。◆Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours．公司的财务问题

已被讨论了近两个小时了。◆Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。◆Youshouldn’tlea

veschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished．在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already已经yet已经recently/lately

最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止bynow到现在为止foralongtime很长一段时间inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthep

ast/lastyears在过去的几年里【即时演练2】(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子①Jack’sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork．→Jackhas_always_been_praised

byhisbossforhisdevotiontowork．②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage．→Agoodplacehas_been_fo

undtobuildatempleinthevillage．③Wehaven’tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem．→Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnolo

gicalproblemhasn’t_been_decidedyet．(2)完成句子④当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhas_been_finished．⑤纸币已被使用了1000多年了。Papermoneyhas_be

en_usedforoveronethousandyears．(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。◆Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim．→Hehasalrea

dybeenpunished(byhisboss)．(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,bu

y,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。◆Hegavethelittlegirlanapple．→Thelit

tlegirlwasgivenanapple(byhim)．→Anapplewasgiventothelittlegirl(byhim)．【即时演练3】——将下面句子变为被动语态①Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou．→She_has_been_asked_to_help_you．②We

haveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years．→Many_trees_have__been_planted_on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years．③Hehassentmeane-mail．→I_have_

been_sent_an_e-mail．→An_e-mail_has_been_sent_to_me．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Agreatmanymachineshave_been_produced(produce)bythefactorysincethetechno

logicalrevolution．2．Greatchangeshave_taken(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactorieshave_been_set(set)upint

hepasttenyears．3．Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilmshave_been_produced(produce)allovertheworld．4．Uptono

w,alotofhigh-risebuildingshave_been_built(build)inourcity．5．Overthepastthreeyears,morethan$10millionhas_been_spent(spend)carryingouttheproje

ct．6．Therobotshave_been_used(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate1990s．7．TheEnglishsonghas_been_s

ung(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit．8．ProfessorYanghas_been_invited(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar．9．Overti

meIhave_been_changed(change)quitealot．10．Ithas_been_used(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s．Ⅱ句型转换1．Wehavesentsomerocketstosp

acetoexploretheMoonandMars．Somerocketshave_been_senttospacebyustoexploretheMoonandMars．2．RoberthasboughtaniPhoneusinghisownmoney．AniPhonehas_be

en_boughtbyRobertusinghisownmoney．3．Thefamouscompanyhasgiventhecomputersawaytothosehighschools．Thecomputershave_been_given_awaytothosehighschoolsby

thefamouscompany．4．Thelocalgovernmenthaschosentheuniversitytoorganisethetrainingcourse．Theuniversityhas_been_chosenbythelocalgovernmen

ttoorganisethetrainingcourse．5．Theyhaven’ttoldmethatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday．Ihaven’t_been_toldthatthemeetingwillbeputoffu

ntilnextFriday．6．Peopleusebambooinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears．Bamboohas_been_usedinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．

Morethan50，000yuanhas_been_raised(raise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwasfounded．2．China’sspaceprogramhas_been_developed(develop)greatlysi

nceitsentitsfirstastronauttospacein2003．3．Computerscience,withwhichrapidprogresshas_been_made(make)inrecentyears,playsaveryimportantpartin

ourdailylife．4．Uptonow,morethanfivenewspecieshave_been_found(find)onthisislandbyresearchers．5．BlackFridayhas_been_regarded(regard)asthebeginningo

ftheholidayshoppingseasonforyears．6．Sincetheearly1990s,alotofclinicshave_been_founded(found)inthiscountrytotreatpoorpeopleforfree．7．Th

ebalancebetweenthecityandthecountryhas_been_broken(break)bytheindustrialdevelopmentoverthepasttwocenturies．8．Someeffortswere_made(make)toimprove

theairqualityinthecitylastwinter．9．Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshave_been_taken(take)tomorethan20muse

umsintheworld．10．Forcenturies,theancientlanguagehas_been_passed(pass)onfromonegenerationtoanother．Ⅱ阅读理解Smartpho

nes,tabletsandsmartwatchesarebanned(禁止)atschoolforallchildrenunder15inFrance．Underthebanstudentsarenotabl

etousetheirphonesatallduringschoolhours,includingmealbreaks．“Ithinkit’sagoodthing．Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone，”Parismu

mMarie-CarolineMadeleinetoldAFP．“It’shardwithkids．Youcan’tcontrolwhattheyseeandthat’soneofthethingsthatworriesmeasaparent．”ThereisnolawlikethisinAus

tralia,butsomeAustralianschoolshavebannedphones．McKinnonSecondarySchoolinVictoriaintroducedatotalbaninFebruaryandPrin

cipalPitsaBinnionsaidthishasbeenasuccess．McKinnonstudentsstillhaveaChromebooktouseineveryclassforday-to-daylearningbutthey’re

notallowedtousesocialmedia(媒体)．MsBinnionsaidatfirst“teacherscheeredandstudentsmoaned(抱怨)，”butnowthey’reseeingthepositives(优势)．“Theycometoschool

andthey’renotallowedtousephonesatallduringtheschoolday,includinglunchbreaks，”shesaid．“It’sbeenwonderfu

lintermsofstudentscommunicatingwitheachotheratlunchtimeandnotlookingattheirscreen，”shesaid．MsBinnionalsoleadsbyexampleanddoesn’tuseherm

obilephoneinschool．“Ithinkanyonecandoitifwe’vedoneit．”Noteveryoneagreeswiththebans．WesternSydneyUniversitytechnolog

yresearcherDr．JoanneOrlandowroteinonlinemagazineTheConversationearlierthisyearthatAustraliashouldnotbanphonesinschoolsbecauseit’simportantt

oeducatekidstoliveintheagetheyareraisedin．“Agoodeducationforstudentstodayisknowinghowtousetechnologytolearn,communicateandworkwit

hideas，”shewrote．“Banningstudentsfromusingsmartphonesisa1950sresponsetoa2018state-of-play．”【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了澳大利亚学

校是否该禁止学生使用手机。1．WhydidMadeleinewelcometheban?A．Schoolisforstudying．B．Kidsbehavebadlynowadays．C．Teachersfindithardtocontrolkids．D．Herkidsdependtoomu

chonphones．A解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone可知，Madeleine认为学校不是玩手机的地方，言外之意就是学校是学习的地方。2．Whatcanwel

earnaboutthebaninMcKinnonSecondarySchool?A．Someteacherswereagainstitatfirst．B．Studentscannowseethegoodoftheban．C．

Studentscanusetheirphonesatlunchbreaks．D．Teachershavestoppedusingphonesatschoolaswell．B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的thishasbeenasuccess和第五段中的n

owthey’reseeingthepositives可知，学生们起初抱怨，但现在都看到了这一禁令的好处。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Chromebook”inParagraph5probablyreferto?A．A

book．B．Anotebook．C．Alearningwebsite．D．Akindofcomputer．D解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的Smartphones,tabletsandsmartwatches和第五段中的forday-to-daylearningbutthey’renotallo

wedtousesocialmedia(媒体)可知，画线词应该指的是一种电脑。学生们学习可以用，但是不允许使用社交网络。4．WhatdoesDr．JoanneOrlandothinkofbanningphone

sinschools?A．Itwilldisconnectparentsandkids．B．Itwillcausekidstocommunicateless．C．Itwillpreventkidsbeingtech-mi

nded．D．Itwillmakeeducationgoback60years．C解析：推理判断题。由倒数第一、二段可知，Dr．JoanneOrlando认为现在是科技时代，就应该让学生与时代接轨，禁止学生使用手机不符合

这个时代的特征。Ⅲ七选五Studieshaveshownthatabout30%ofthechildreninAmericaaged6to19areeitheroverweightorobese(肥胖的)．1．________Besides,thesituationint

hecountriesoftheEuropeanUnionissimilar．Ifyouaregainingweight,itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatyouarebecomingobese．Afterall,childrenandyoung

adultsneednutrientstogrow．2．________However,ifyoubeginputtingontoomuchweight,youmaybeontheroadtoobesity．3．________G

enesareoneofthefactorsthatcanleadtoit．Genesdeterminehowyourbodystoresfoodandhowwellitturnsfoodintoenergy．Your

genescomefromyourparents,sooverweightparentsaremorelikelytohaveoverweightchildren．Althoughyoumayhavegoodgen

es,youcanstillbecomeobese．Infact,thelackofphysicalexercisecanalsocauseobesity．4．________Forexample,comparedwithgo

ingoutsideanddoingsomephysicalactivities,childrennowprefertositstillforhoursinfrontofcomputersorTVs．Manyofuseatuptofourmealsadaythanks

toexcessive(过度的)snacking．Andwhenwehaveasnack,wemaydon’tconsidereatingfruits．Butthisisnotalwaysthechildren’sfault．5．________A．Fastfoodisanotherreaso

nforobesity．B．Butwhatmaycausechildhoodobesity?C．ThatisalmostoneoutofthreeyoungAmericans．D．Thisincreasestheirchancesofbecomingoverwei

ght．E．Soitisnormalforthemtogainweightastimegoeson．F．Nowadays,ourfreetimeactivitieshavegreatlychanged．G．Afterall,therearemanystores

offeringallkindsofsnacksnearschools．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了造成青少年肥胖的几点因素。1．C解析：此空设于段中，与前文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前文中提到的数据30

%ofthechildren。2．E解析：此空设于段中，与前文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文陈述：毕竟，孩子和青少年需要营养来成长，此句进一步论述，所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的。3．B解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句展开说明基

因是导致肥胖的一个原因。4．F解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。此句说如今，人们的自由活动已经在很大程度上改变了，后面就这一点举例说明。5．G解析：此空设于段尾，对前一句进行解释。前一句说孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错，此句进一步解释说明：毕竟，在学校周围有

很多提供各种各样零食的商店。Ⅳ语法填空Itookashortflighttheotherday．Thepassengersontheplane1．____________(offer)anin-flightsnack—asandwichwhichcon

taineddairyandmeat．SinceI2．____________(feel)totallyfullatthattimeoftheday,Iputitinmybag．Ihopedlaterthatday,Imaycomeacrossaho

melessperson,to3．____________thissandwichmaymeanhisonlymeal．Well,Ididcomeacrossahomelessmanlaterthatday．Thatmanwaswit

h4．____________(he)dogBella．WhenIgavehim5．____________sandwich,Inoticedhissmileashewasopeningthesandwich．Hesharedit6．____________Bella．Th

eystartedtoeatquickly．7．____________(see)howhungryhewas,IemptiedmybagofalltreatsandfoodIhad．Ialsowentandboughtalargecoffeeforhim．He8．___________

_(sincere)thankedmeandcontinuedtohavehis“big”meal．Kindnessissuchasimplethingforustodo．However,for9．____________(receive),itcanbelife-changi

ng．Asasayinggoes,“Tenmenbanded(聚集)togetherinlovecandowhattenthousandseparatelywouldfailin．”Ifeachofusdoesonekindthin

gatatime,thestrength10．____________(build)upwillbesurprising．【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起

做善事。1．wereoffered解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2．felt解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。3．whom解析：考查关

系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指代人，故用whom。4．his解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。5．the解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用

定冠词the。6．with解析：考查介词。sharesth．withsb．意为：与某人分享某物，故填with。7．Seeing解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做状语。8．sinc

erely解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。9．receivers解析：考查名词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填

receivers。10．built解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。