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专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）1.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）Itisoftensaidthat“apictureisworthathousandwords.”Thatiscertainlytr

ueoftheimagesofbriefmomentsnaturesubmittedbyinternationalecologistsandstudentsfortheBritishEcologicalSociety‟

s(BES)annualphotographycompetition.Hereareafewof2019‟swinningentries.“RedNight”byRobertoGarciaRoa“RedNight,”aphotographo

fasnakecurling(蜷缩)aroundatreewasdeclaredthisyear‟s“OverallWinner.”TakenbyRobertoGarciaRoainMadagascar,theimagecapturesbothth

ebeautyoftheanimalanditsvulnerability(脆弱)tohumanthreatslikepoaching(偷猎)andfires.Itvividlyreflectstheconditionsthatthe

sesnakesaresuffering.“FlamesinFlumes(水沟)”byNilanjanChatterjeeNilanjanChatterjee‟spictureofawaterredstart,w

aitingtocatchawaterborneinsectnearasmallwaterfall,wonthejudge‟sapprovalforthebestoverallstudentsubmission.Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwast

hephotographer‟sattemptstohighlightthestruggletheriverbirds,whichcapturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcurrents,arelikely

tofacefromtoslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanneddamsinriversacrossIndia.“TheRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPennyTheongo

ingdemandforrhinohorns(犀牛角)hasreducedthepopulationofthemagnificentanimalstojust30,000specimensglobally.EcologistsinSouthAfricahavetosa

wofftheanimals‟horns,whichregrowannually.Cruelasitseems,“TheRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reducestheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurdered.“ASideofFries”byNi

gelTaylor“ASideofFries”—animageofalong-tailedmonkeyatBatuCaves,Malaysia,holdingaboxofMcDonald‟sfries—byNigelTaylorisjustoneexampleofhowcareless

humanbehaviorisendangeredanimalsinthewild.1．Whatmessagedothefourphotoswanttoconveytoviewers?A．Thenatureisveryattractive

.B．Wildanimalscanbelovely.C．Humansmustconserveanimals.D．Picturesspeaklouderthanwords.2．ThedamsinriversacrossIndiaarelikelytomakethewaterredstart____

____.A．gohungryB．getlostC．getcaughtD．settledown3．WhydoecologistsinSouthAfricasawoffrhinohorns?A．Tosellrhinohorns.B．

Tosaverhinos.C．Tomakehornsregrow.D．Tofetchhighprices.【答案】1．C2．A3．B【解析】本文是说明文。一图胜万言，本文通过四幅图号召大家保护动物。1．细节理解题。根据

“RedNight”byRobertoGarciaRoa中的Itvividlyreflectstheconditionsthatthesesnakesaresuffering.(它生动地反映了这些蛇所遭受的苦难)；“FlamesinFlumes(水沟)”byNilanjanChatterj

ee中的Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwasthephotographer‟sattemptstohighlightthestruggletheriverbirds,whichcapturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcur

rents,arelikelytofacefromtoslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanneddamsinriversacrossIndia.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄

影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)；“TheRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPenny中的TheRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reduc

estheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurdered.(“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)；“ASideofFries”byNigelTaylor中的“ASideofF

ries”—animageofalong-tailedmonkeyatBatuCaves,Malaysia,holdingaboxofMcDonald‟sfries—byNigelTaylorisjustoneexampleofhowcarelesshumanbehavi

orisendangeredanimalsinthewild.(“薯条的一面”——马来西亚巴图岩洞的一只长尾猴，拿着一盒麦当劳薯条——奈杰尔·泰勒的这张照片只是一个例子，说明了人类的粗心行为是如何危害野生动物的)可知，四幅图

的共同传递给观众的是人类必须要保护动物。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据“FlamesinFlumes(水沟)”byNilanjanChatterjee中的Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwasthephotographer‟sattemptstohigh

lightthestruggletheriverbirds,whichcapturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcurrents,arelikelytofacefromtoslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanne

ddamsinriversacrossIndia.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)可知，印

度河上的水坝可能会使红尾水鸲没有食物而饥饿。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“TheRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPenny中的EcologistsinSouthAfricahavetosawofftheanimals‟horns,whic

hregrowannually.Cruelasitseems,“TheRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reducestheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurdered.(南非的生态学家不得不锯掉这

些动物每年都会重新长出的角。尽管看起来很残忍，“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)可知，为了减少犀牛们被人类残忍谋杀，南非的生态学家们不得不锯掉每年会重新生长的犀牛角。故选B。2.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）Thefireofcreativitydoesn‟tn

ecessarilyburnoutafteryouth.“Manypeoplebelievethatthecreativityisexclusively(专有地)associatedwithyouth,butitreal

lydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou‟retalkingabout,”saystheleadstudyauthor,BruceWeinbergofOhioStateUniversity.Accordingtothestudy,thereare

twotypesofinnovators(创新者):conceptualandexperimental.WeinbergandfellowresearcherDavidGalensonthinkthatthosewhotendtodotheirbestworkinthe

irmid-20sareconceptualinnovators,whilethosewhopeakintheir50sareexperimentalinnovators.WeinbergandGal

ensonstudiedtheworksof31NobelPrizewinnersofeconomics,placingtheeconomistsonarangeofmostconceptualtomostexperime

ntal.Theageatwhichaneconomistcontributedthemostwell-regardedtothefieldwastakenintoaccount,andtheageatwhicht

heworkenteredtheeconomicfieldhelpedtoclassifytheeconomist‟screativepeak(顶峰).Economistswithaconceptualapproachpeakedinth

eir20s,whilethosewhotooktheexperimentalapproachpeakedintheirlate50s.Mostofthewinnersmadetheirgreatdiscoveriesafterat

least25yearsofhardwork.Theresearcherscorrelated(与……相关联)theirfindingsineconomicachievementswiththoseofsci

entificachievements.Forexample,theymentionAlbertEinsteinasaconceptualinnovator,whoputforwardthefamousSpecialTheoryofRelativityatthea

geof26.TheysuggestscientistCharlesDarwindevelopedhismostgroundbreakingtheorieslateroninlife,whichwouldmakehimanexperimentalinnovator.Thismakessens

egiventhatthetheoryofevolutionwasdevelopedovermanyyearsthroughalongprocessoftrialanderror.Noneofthisistosaythateithertypeofinnovativeappr

oachisexclusivetodifferentagegroups.Itisn‟tunheardofforanolderpersontobeaconceptualinnovatororforyoungerpeopletoinnovatemoreexperim

entally.Theresearchsimplyshowstrends.Anyhow,there'salwaysalittleroomforacreativebreakthrough—nomatteryourage8．Which

ofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．CreativityIsTheBestWhenOneIsYoungB．ScientistsBecameFamousAtDifferentAgesC．

ExperimentalInnovatorsPeakInLate50‟sD．CreativityIsn‟tExclusiveToTheYoung9．Fromthethirdandfourthparagraph,wecanr

eachaconclusionthat_______.A．mostwinnersmadecreativediscoveriesintheirlate20‟sB．award-winningeconomiststendtouseconceptualappro

achesC．themajorityof31winnerswereexperimentalinnovatorsD．researchersinterviewedNobelPrizewinnersofecon

omics10．Whatdoyouknowaboutexperimentalinnovators?A．Theyinspiretheircreativeideasbyasuddenspark.B．Theyslowlycultivatecreativeideasoveralo

ngtime.C．Theytendtochallengemostbasicscientificconcepts.D．Theyoftenmakeimportantcontributionsinliterature.11．Whatdoesthewriterwanttoexpressin

Paragraph5?A．Thefindingsarealsoappliedtoscientificfield.B．Scientistsmakebreakthroughsbytrialanderror.C．Economictheoriesarebasedonscientif

icfacts.D．Scientificdiscoveriescallformanyyearsofwork.【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A【解析】本文是说明文。多数人认为创造力只与年轻有关。但是俄亥俄州立大学研究表明这依赖于你在谈论哪种创造力。创造力不专属于年轻人。8．主旨大意题

。根据第一段中的“Manypeoplebelievethatthecreativityisexclusively(专有地)associatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou‟retalkingabout,

”saystheleadstudyauthor,BruceWeinbergofOhioStateUniversity.(研究报告的主要撰写人、俄亥俄州立大学的布鲁斯·温伯格说：“许多人认为创造力只与年轻人有关，但实际上这取决于你所谈论的创造力的类型)及下文对这项研究的介绍可

知，“创造力不专属于年轻人”适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的WeinbergandGalensonstudiedtheworksof31NobelPrizewinnersofeco

nomics,placingtheeconomistsonarangeofmostconceptualtomostexperimental.(温伯格和盖伦森研究了31位诺贝尔经济学奖得主的著作，将这些经济学家的研究范围从最具概念化到最具实验性)以及第四段中的Economi

stswithaconceptualapproachpeakedintheir20s,whilethosewhotooktheexperimentalapproachpeakedintheirlate50s.(采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法

的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰)可知，31位诺贝尔经济学奖获得者中多数是“概念式”创新者。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Economistswithaconceptualapproachpeakedintheir20s,whilethosewhotookthe

experimentalapproachpeakedintheirlate50s.Mostofthewinnersmadetheirgreatdiscoveriesafterateast25yearsofhardwork.(采用概念性方法的经济

学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰。大多数获奖者是在至少25年的辛勤工作后才有了重大发现)可推知，实验性创新者需要很长时间才能有创新性思想。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第五段

中的Theresearcherscorrelated(与……相关联)theirfindingsineconomicachievementswiththoseofscientificachievements.(研究人员将他

们在经济成就方面的发现与科学成就联系起来)及列举的爱因斯坦和达尔文的例子说明，这些发现也适用于科学领域。故选A。3.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）Bookingavacationhasneverbeenmoreconvenienttha

nwithVacationsMadeEasy,whichhaseverythingyouneedtobookanunforgettablegetaway.Ifyouaren'tsurewheretogo,checkoutourmostpopulardestinations:MyrtleBeachS

CIfcoastalviewsandoceanicadventuresareupyouralley,thenMyrtleBeach,SCistheplaceforyou!Thiscityisknownforitsstunn

ingbeachesandadventuresthatofferupuniqueopportunitiestocreatethemostunforgettablememories.Setoutonthesparklingwaterstolookfordolphinson

theMyrtleBeachDolphinSightseeingCruises.TheLegendsinConcertshowissuretobeablastaswell!NashvilleTNItisthecapitalofthestateas

wellasthecapitalofcountrymusic.Affectionatelynicknamed„MusicCity‟,Nashvilleiswheremanyofthemostlegendaryperformersgottheirstart.Therearemanya

mazingactivitiestoenjoyhere.CountrymusicloverscanwitnessashowatthelegendaryGrandOleOpry.PigeonForge&Gatlin

burgTNHometotheGreatSmokyMountains,filledwithnaturalwondersandamazingshows,thePigeonForge&GatlinburgTNisamust-see.Createnewmemoriesandenjoyt

hebeautyoftheSmokieswhenyouvisitthesecities!Therearealsoplentyoffunopportunitiesforoutdooradventureandmoreinthisarea!SanAntoni

oTXHometorichTexanandAmericanhistory,SanAntonio,TXisagreatplacetovisitforacombinationofhistoryandmodernattractions.Whethe

ryouwanttogetinsomethrillsatSeaWorldorseetheshops,restaurantsandentertainmentoftheRiverwalk,yourtriptoSanAnton

iowillbeablast.1．AtMyrtleBeachSC,youcandoallthefollowingexcept_____________.A．Searchingfordolphins.B．Enjoyingcoastalviews.C．Joiningoceanicadven

tures.D．Attendingaconcert.2．WhatisspecialaboutNashvilleTN?A．Ithasdoublestatuseswithanickname.B．Manylegendaryperformerswerebornhere.C

．Itwillgiveyouthemostunforgettablememories.D．Therearemanyamazingsportsactivitieshere.3．WhereshouldyougotoexplorethehistoryofUSA?A．Nashville

TNB．SanAntonioTXC．PigeonGorge&GatlinburgTND．MyrtleBeachSC【答案】1．D2．A3．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个最受欢迎的旅行目的地的情况。1．

细节理解题。根据第二段中Ifcoastalviewsandoceanicadventuresareupyouralley,thenMyrtleBeach,SCistheplaceforyou!(如果你对海岸景观和海洋冒险感兴趣，那么默特尔海滩，SC是你的好

去处!)可知B选项“欣赏海岸景色”属于MyrtleBeachSC的活动；根据第二段中Thiscityisknownforitsstunningbeachesandadventuresthatofferupuniqueopportunit

iestocreatethemostunforgettablememories.SetoutonthesparklingwaterstolookfordolphinsontheMyrtleBeachDolphinSightseeingCruises.(这

个城市以其迷人的海滩和冒险闻名，提供了独特的机会来创造最难忘的记忆。出发在波光粼粼的水域寻找海豚在默特尔海滩海豚观光巡航。)可知A选项“寻找海豚”和C选项“加入海洋探险”属于MyrtleBeachSC的活动。只有D选项“参

加音乐会”没有提到，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Itisthecapitalofthestateaswellasthecapitalofcountrymusic.Affectionatelynicknamed„MusicCity‟,Nash

villeiswheremanyofthemostlegendaryperformersgottheirstart.可知它是国家的首都，也是乡村音乐的首都。被亲切地称为“音乐之城”的纳什维尔是许多最具传奇色彩的表演者的发祥地。由此可知，NashvilleT

N的特别之处在于有两个重要身份和一个昵称。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中HometorichTexanandAmericanhistory,SanAntonio,TXisagreatplacetovisitforacombinationofhistoryandmoder

nattractions.可知拥有丰富的德州和美国历史，SanAntonioTX是一个伟大的地方访问历史和现代景点的结合。由此可知，你应该去SanAntonioTX探索美国的历史。故选B。4.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教

学质量检测）Thecombinationofdayandnightextremeheatwillonlygetmorefrequent-andhotter-inthefuture.There‟snothinglikethecoolreliefofni

ghtfallafteraswelteringsummerday.Astheworldwarms,thisnaturalbalancemaybeshifting.Newresearchsuggeststhatanewtrendisontherise-extr

emeheatduringthedayfollowedbyextremeheatovernight.AstudypublishedthisweekinNatureCommunicationsfindsthattheseday/nighte

xtremeshavebecomebothhotterandmorefrequentsince1960.AcrosstheNorthernHemisphere,they‟veintensified(增强)byabout2½degreesFahrenheit,andthey‟reoccur

ringaboutfivedaysmorefrequentlyperyear.Continuedwarmingwillmakeitevenworse,theresearchsuggests.Inascenarioinvolvingar

ound3degreesCelsiusthroughouttherestofthecentury(orabout5.5F),thesecompoundextremeswillhappenaboutfo

urtimesmorefrequentlythantheydotoday(abouteightdayseachsummer).That‟sapproximatelytheamountofwarmingtheworldisontrackforto

day,expertssay,ifgreenhousegasemissionsdon‟tstartfallingatafasterpace.Inthefuture,“ahotdayaccompaniedbyaho

tnightwithoutreliefforhumansmightbea„newnorm,‟”saidstudyco-authorYangChenoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinanemail

toE&ENews.“Theserapidincreasesarelargelyoverlookedinpreviousstudies.”Dayandnightextremesaremorethanjustamatterofcomfort,theauthorssay.Th

ey‟realsoapotentialthreattohumanhealthandnaturallandscapes.Thestudydidn‟tdirectlyexaminehumanhealthimpacts.Butothe

rresearchhassuggestedthatprolongedexposuretoextremetemperaturescanworsentheoddsofheatstrokeorotherheat-r

elatedillnesses,andcanaffectplantgrowth.Withoutthereprieveofacoolevening,livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffect

softhedaytimeheat,theauthorssuggest.“Currentknowledgeaboutcombineddaytime-nighttimehotextremesremainsto

osparsetoinformdevelopmentoftype-specificadaptationandreliefstrategies,”thestudysays.“Overlookingthiscompoundingeffectmayleadtoseriou

sunderestimateofheat-inducedconsequences.”12．Whichstatementofdayandnightextremesistrueaccordingtothestudy?A．They‟veintensifiedbyabout2½℉andoccur5day

smorefrequentlyperyearglobally.B．Theirrapidincreaseshavebeenpaidmuchattentiontobymanyresearchersinth

eirstudies.C．Theywon‟toccuronlyifgreenhousegasemissionsstartfallingduringthedaytimeD．Possiblytheywillhappenabout32dayspersummerthroughther

estofthecentury.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reprieve”mean?A．shiftB．reliefC．threatD．adaptation14．Whatcanweinferfromth

elastparagraph?A．Adequateresearcheshavebeendoneintodayandnightextremes.B．Humanscanadapttoandrelievedayand

nighthotextremeseasily.C．Ignoringtheissueonthehotextremesmaycontributetosevereconsequences.D．Underes

timatingthecompoundingeffectofhotextremeswillcausethreatstoman.15．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thedangersofhotdaysandnightsareontherise.B．C

ontinuedwarmingwillmaketheearthevenworse.C．Withtheworldwarming,thenaturalbalancemaybeshifting.D．Greenhousegasemissionsareincreasingatafasterpace.【答案】

12．D13．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极

端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中thesecompoundextremeswillhappenaboutfourtimesmorefrequentlythan

theydotoday(abouteightdayseachsummer).可知这些复合极端天气发生的频率是现在的四倍（每年夏天大约8天）。由此可知，D选项“在本世纪余下的时间里，每年夏天大约有32天会发

生这种情况”正确。故选D。13．词义猜测题。根据后文livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffectsofthedaytimeheat可知如果没

有凉爽的夜晚作为缓解，生物从白天高温中恢复的机会就会减少。由此可知，划线单词意思为“缓解”。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Overlookingthiscompoundingeffectmayleadtoserio

usunderestimateofheat-inducedconsequences.可知忽视这种复合效应可能导致严重低估热诱导的后果。由此可推知，忽视极端天气的问题可能会导致严重的后果。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中Newresearchsuggests

thatanewtrendisontherise-extremeheatduringthedayfollowedbyextremeheatovernight.可知一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。结合文章还说明了研究表明，

持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。由此可知这篇文章主要讲了炎热的白天和夜晚的危险正在增加。故选A。5.（2020届江西省新余市高考二

模）Australianexpertshaveexpressedconcernsthattoomanymillennials(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstob

uildtheircareers.Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredp

hotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，

makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithsocialmediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproductsandservices.Howev

er,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromtheUniversityofMelbourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemayth

ink.ShesaidmanyyoungAustraliansweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,desc

ribingitas"totallyunrealistic"andextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeoplearehopingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere

20yearsago,"RosewarnetoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(

使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm."Shesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseek

ingInsta-fame,asmanybelieveitisapossiblecareerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencethatyoucanmonetizeyourI

nstagramaccount."MeanwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromsp

endingtoomuchtimewithsocialmedia."Wheredotheinsta-celebritiesgo...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractual

normallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife."8．Whyisthereasuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A．Ma

nyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B．Manypeopleseeitasashortcuttomakingmoney.C．Peoplewanttosocializebysharingphotosonline.D．Instagramoffersyo

ungpeoplemorecareerchoices.9．Theunderlinedphrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4probablymeans"______".A．benefitingfromsom

ethingB．becominginvolvedinsomethingC．takingadvantageofsomethingD．beingsatisfiedwithsomething10．WhatmessagedoestheauthorconveybyquotingDrLaurenR

osewarne?A．Youngpeopletodayaremorebusiness-savvythanever.B．YoungpeoplearebecominglessinterestedinInternetfame.C．

Instagramisnotagoodplatformtopromotenewproducts.D．It'sabadideaforyoungpeopletotryearningmoneyonInstagram.1

1．WhatproblemdoesToniEagerthinkoveruseofsocialmediacouldcause?A．Anover-relianceonInstagram.B．Alossofperso

nalprivacy.C．Lessinteractionwithpeopleinreallife.D．Thedesiretomonetizeone'sInstagramaccount.【答案】8．B9．B10．

D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家对此表示了担忧。8．推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的描述Theirconcernsfollowthesud

denrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalente

dphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.以及第四段中“theappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeIns

tagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebrities”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappe

alofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,可知，“受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其

中”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚

钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,but

thatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意。故选D项。11．细节理解题。最后一段“"Allofasudde

n,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。6.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Ifyou

believethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofthestory.Anewstudypubl

ishedinDeEconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.One

comesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsintheartsando

thersciences."Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally,"saidBruceWe

inberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity."Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelyassoci

atedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout."Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkea

rlyintheircareerstendedtobe"conceptual"innovators(创新者).Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventio

nalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Wein

bergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong"experimental"innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersan

dfindnewwaystounderstandit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)

career."Whetheryouhityourcreativepeakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimenta

lapproach,"Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approachtothestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarran

gedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto"conce

ptual"or"experimental".Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachlaureatemadehism

ostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthatconceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experim

entallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid-50s."Ourresearchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourw

ork."12．WhatdidthestudypublishedinDeEconomistfind?A．Creativitycomesatanyage,youngorold.B．Creativitytendstodecreaseasp

eoplegetolder.C．Economists,artistsandotherscientistshavemuchincommon.D．Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.13．Whatdo

estheunderlinedphrase"thinkoutsidethebox"mean?A．Followrulesstrictly.B．Experimentonboxes.C．Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D．Figur

eouthowtoescapefromabox.14．Whatdoweknowabout"experimental"innovators?A．Theyusuallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B．Theymakediscoveriesthroughconsta

nttrialanderror.C．Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D．Theymakemorecontributionsthan"conceptual"innovators.15．Whatdotheresearc

hersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A．One'spersonalitytype.B．Whatkindofjobonetakes.C．Howonehandlestheir

work.D．One'sattitudetowardtheirwork.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获奖者事业生涯的研究，发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型

的创新者。12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothe

rcomeslater.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。13．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsi

dethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对这一短语的解释，意为“挑战传统智慧，提出新的想法”，也就

是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第八段“ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的

)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ourresea

rchsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员

认为是如何处理他们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。故选C项。7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）In2019,morethan125,000organs,mostlykidneys,weretransplanted(移

植)fromonehumanbeingtoanotherintheUnitedStates.Butalackofsuitabledonorsmeansthesupplyoforgansislimited

.Thathasledresearcherstostudythequestionofhowtobuildorgansfromtheverybeginning.Onepromisingapproachistopr

intthem.Bio-printingoriginatedintheearly2000s,whenitwasdiscoveredthatlivingcellscouldbesprayedthroughthenozzles(喷嘴)ofprinterswithoutbeingdam

aged.SichuanRevotek,abiotechnologycompanybasedinChengdu,China,hassuccessfullytransplantedaprintedsectionofartery(动脉)intoamonkey.Thisisthefirstst

epintrialsofatechniqueintendedforuseinhumans.Similarly,Organovo,afirminSanDiego,California,announcedthatithadtransplantedpr

intedhuman-livertissueintomiceandthatthistissuehadsurvivedandworked.Bio-printingcanhelpwiththedevelopmentofothertreatments.Organovoalreadyo

ffersitsprintedkidneyandlivertissueforuseintestingnewdrugsforeffectivenessandsafety.Thatshouldpleasea

nimalrightsactivists,assuchtestscutdownonthenumberofanimaltrials.Itshouldpleasedrugcompanies,too——becau

sethetissuebeingtestedishuman,theresultsobtainedshouldbemorereliablethanthosefromtestsonotherspecies.Withsimilarpurposeinmind,L‟Oreal,

aFrenchcosmeticsfirm,togetherwithitsteam,isworkingonprintinghumanskin.Theyintendtouseittotesttheirproductsforsideeffects.Comparedwitholder

andslowertechnology,bio-printingwillpermitL‟Orealtogrowmuchmore,andalsoallowdifferentskintypestobeprinted.Therealprizeofallth

iseffortwouldbetoprintentireorgans.Forkidneys,RootsAnalysis,amedical-technologyconsultingcompany,thinksthatshouldbepossibleinaboutsixyea

rs.Livers,whichhaveanaturaltendencytogrowagain,shouldalsoarrivealittlebitsoon.Hearts,withtheircomplexinnershape,willtakelonger.

8．Whydopeoplestarttoconsiderprintingorgans?A．Becauseofpoorqualityoftheorgans.B．Becauseofshortageofdonors.C．Becauseoflackofresearch.D．Beca

useoflimitedtechnology.9．HowdoesRevotekdevelopbio-printingtechnology?A．Bytestingbio-printedorgansonpatients.B．Bydevelopinglivertissueintoamo

nkey.C．Bytransplantingasectionofarteryintomice.D．Bytransplantingabio-printedorganintoananimal.10．Whatcanbeinf

erredfromparagraph4?A．Animalrightsactivistshatebio-printing.B．Entireprintedorganswillbeavailablesoon.C．Bio-printingcould

bewellreceivedinsociety.D．L‟Orealprintshumanskintoimprovethebio-technology.11．Whatdoesthepassagewanttotellus?A．Organtransplantation

isdifficulttoachieve.B．Medicalprogressimprovespeople‟slifequality.C．Bio-printingtechcontributestobuildingorgans.D．Manycountries

arecooperatingtodevelopbio-printing.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了生物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意义。8．细节理解题。根据“Butal

ackofsuitabledonorsmeansthesupplyoforgansislimited.Thathasledresearcherstostudythequestionofhowtobuildorgansfromtheverybeginning.Onepromisingapproac

histoprintthem.”可知，由于缺乏合适的器官捐赠者，导致研究者开始考虑打印器官。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“SichuanRevotek,abiotechnologycompanybasedinChe

ngdu,China,hassuccessfullytransplantedaprintedsectionofartery(动脉)intoamonkey.”可知Revotek是通过把生物打印的器官移植到动物身上的方式发展生物打印技

术的。故选D。10．推理判断题。第四段介绍了生物打印技术能够帮助其他治疗的发展。Organovo使用打印的肾脏和肝脏组织测试新药物的有效性和安全性；L‟Oreal使用打印的人类皮肤测试他们产品的副作用。可推知，生物打印技术能够被社会接受。故选C。11．主旨大意题。介绍了生

物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意义。可知本文主要想告诉我们生物打印技术对建造器官的贡献。故选C。8.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）Thetraditi

onalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.MinorSnow,the20thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthis

yearonNov.22andendsonDec.6.HerearefivethingsyoushouldknowaboutMinorSnow.LightsnowAnancientChinesebookaboutplantsexplainsthat“inMinorSnow,the

weatheriscoldanditisgoingtosnow,butthesnowislightandtheearthisnotfrozenenough.”DrinkingsoupDuringMinorSnow,indoorheatingbeginstowork,makingmo

stpeoplemightfindtheirnosesandmouthsfeelabitdry.Thesolutionistodrinkmorehotsoup,suchascabbageandbeancurdsoup

,muttonandradish(小萝卜)soupandsoon.Eatingglutinous(粘的)ricecakesPeoplehaveglutinousricecakesaroundMinorSnow,whichinancienttimes,wereatraditionalfestiv

alofferingtothebullgod.MakingpreservedporkAfterMinorSnow,thetemperaturedeclinessharplyandtheairbecomesdry.Itisthebesttimetostartmakingpreservedpork

toeatinthebitterwinter,especiallyintheSpringFestival.Inthepast,whenstorageconditionswerepoor,peopledev

elopedmanywaystostorefoodandpreservedporkisonesuchexample.Someevensaypreservedporktastesmoredeliciousthanfreshmeat.AvoidingspicyfoodOncolddays,peop

lemaybegreedyforsomehotandspicyfoodtokeepwarm.Expertssayit‟swisenottoeatoverlyspicyfoodsincethatwillincreaseyourinnerheat.1．Whi

chofthefollowingistrueaboutMinorSnow?A．Itwillcertainlysnowinthisterm.B．Ithasthecoldestdaysoftheyear.C．Itisater

musedinChina‟snorthernareas.D．ItisatermconcernedwithweatherinChina.2．WhichfoodisrecommendedtoeatinMinorSnow?A．Cabbageandbeancurdsoup.B．Preservedp

ork.C．Cakes.D．Spicyfood.3．Whydidpeoplemakepreservedporkinthepast?A．Becausepeoplefoundithardtostoremeatincoldwinter

.B．Becauseitwasmoredelicioustoeatthanfreshmeat.C．Becausepeoplecouldn‟taffordtobuyfreshpork.D．Becausenowherecouldpeoplebuyfreshporkinwinter.【答案】

1．D2．A3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了谷雨这个节气。在谷雨时，雨水开始频繁，促进作物的生长。北方的人们在谷雨期间吃香椿，南方的人喝茶。在北方渔村，人们会庆祝谷雨节。1．细节理解题。根据Lightsnow中AnancientChinesebookaboutpla

ntsexplainsthat“inMinorSnow,theweatheriscoldanditisgoingtosnow,butthesnowislightandtheearthisnotfrozenenough.”一本关于植物的中国古籍解释说：“小雪天气寒冷，即将下雪，但雪很轻，

土地不够冻结。”由此可知，MinorSnow是一个有关中国天气的术语。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据Drinkingsoup中Thesolutionistodrinkmorehotsoup,suchascabbageandbeancurdsoup,muttonandrad

ish(小萝卜)soupandsoon.解决办法是多喝热汤，如白菜豆腐汤、羊肉萝卜汤等。由此可知，在小雪时，建议吃白菜豆腐汤。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据Makingpreservedpork中Inthepast,whenstorageconditions

werepoor,peopledevelopedmanywaystostorefoodandpreservedporkisonesuchexample.在过去，当储存条件很差的时候，人们发明了很多储存食物的方法，腊肉就是一个这样的例子。由

此可知，过去人们之所以做腊肉是因为人们发现在寒冷的冬天很难储存肉。故选A。9.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpar

tsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.

Thescientistsinvited36peopleofdifferentagestothelabandhadthemsitquietlyonafixedbicyclefor10minutesor,onaseparatevisit,pedalthebicycleata

pacesogentlethatitbarelyraisedtheirheartrates.Italsowasshort,lastingforonly10minutes.Immediatelyaftereachse

ssionofthesittingorslowpedaling,thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,at

ree,followedbyavarietyofotherimagesandthenanewimageofeitherthesametreeorasimilarone.Thepeoplewouldpressbuttonstoshowwhethertheythoughteachima

gewasneworthesameasanearliershot.Thetestisdifficult,sincemanyoftheimagescloselyresembleoneanother.Itrequire

srapid,skillfulscanningrecentmemoriestodecidewhetherapictureisneworknown.Next,thescientistshadeachperson

repeatthisprocess—ridingorsittingonthebikefor10minutesandthencompletingmemorytesting—butthetestingnowtookplaceinsideanM.R.I.machine(磁共振成像仪)that

scannedthepeople‟sbrainswhiletheyrespondedtotheimages.Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.Theeffectsoftheexercisewereclear.Thepeoplewe

rebetteratrememberingimagesaftertheyhadriddenthebike,especiallywhentheimagesmostcloselyresembledoneanother.Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemor

ieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.TheM.R.I.scansshowedthatmemorypartsofeachperson‟sbrainlitupatthesametimewithpa

rtsofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,indicatingthatthesephysicallyseparatepartsofthebrainwerebetterconnectednowthanwhen

thepeoplehadnotfirstexercised.8．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?A．Picture.B．Film.C．Remark.D．Scene.9．Accordingto

thepassageweknowthat_________.A．atenminutes‟exerciseisthebestmethodofmemorizingthingsB．thebrainworksbetterwhenapersonfrequentlyexerci

sesC．exercisecanhelpdifferentpartsofthebodyworktogetherD．memoryfunctioncanbeimprovedaftergentleexercise10．Thestudyresultwi

llbemostbeneficialto________.A．aplayercompetinginbicycleridingB．ayoungmancrazyaboutexperimentsC．astudentpreparingforanexaminationD

．aretiredmantakingexerciseinthepark11．Whydoesthewriterwritethearticle?A．Tourgepeopletoexercisebeforelearning.B．Topresentaninspiringne

wstudyresult.C．ToshowhowanM.R.I.machineworks.D．Toprovethegoodeffectsofexercise.【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十

分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。8．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,

atree“这些人完成了一项计算机化的记忆测试，在测试过程中，他们会看到一张简单的图片，比如一棵树。”由此可知，avarietyofotherimages中的划线词images的意思是“图片，图像”。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中Inotherwords,theha

rdertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.“换句话说，他们的记忆越难做到最好，他们在锻炼后的表现就越好。”由此可知，温和锻炼后记忆功能

可以改善。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第一段Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoord

inate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10分钟的温和锻炼可以立

即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，研究结果对学生备考最为有利。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第一段Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowce

rtainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10

分钟的温和锻炼可以立即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了提出一个鼓舞人心的新研究结果。故选B。10.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）Garbages

ortinghasbecomeahotissuearoundChina,especiallyafterShanghaibegancarryingoutaregulationonJuly1.Beijinghasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecurrentreg

ulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.Italsogivesrulesforco

mpanies,outlininghowthey‟reresponsibleforwastecollection,transportationandtreatment.Onlyindividualsarenotsubjecttoresponsibilities.The

long-awaitedrevisionwillsoonchangethesituation.“Takingoutthetrashwithoutsortingitproperlywillbeillegal,”saidSunXinjun,dir

ectoroftheBeijingCommissionofUrbanManagement.InShanghai,violatorsarenowfinedupto200yuanfortrash-sortingviolations

(违背).ThemaximumfineinBeijingwillnotbelessthanthat,hesaid.TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbagesortingin2009.Authoritieshavesincecalle

doncitizenstosorttheirhouseholdwasteintofourtypes-recyclablewaste,kitchentrash,dangerouswasteandothers—andleaveitinacorresponding(相

应的)dustbinortrashcan.Blue-coloreddustbinsindicateitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitchentrash,redcorrespondstodangerousmaterial

sandgreytootherwaste.Topromotetheawarenessofgarbagesortingandexpandthebaseofparticipants,authoritieshaveemployedworkerstohelpresidentsonthespot.

Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrowinrecyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints,whichcanbeu

sedtobuydailygoods.Atsomecommunities,therearenocolor-codeddustbins.Instead,ascheduledgarbagecollectionserviceisof

feredtohelpimprovetheenvironment.Inothercommunities,workersofferadoor-to-doorservicetocollectrecyclablesorkitchenwaste.BeijingEnvironmentalSan

itationEngineeringGrouphasbeenpromotingnewgarbagesortingfacilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkitchenwastetrashcanssince2016,XinhuaNewsAgen

cyreported.12．Whichofthefollowingshouldn‟tbethrownintoabluedustbin?A．Cokecans.B．Usedbooks.C．Thrown-awaybatteries.D．Abandonedironpots.13．It‟skno

wnfromthepassagethat_______.A．ShanghaicarriedoutgarbagesortinglaterthanBeijingB．Greencolorindicatesrecyclablewastelikedese

rtedclothesC．peoplesortingrecyclablewastewillberewardedthroughoutBeijingD．citizensarenotresponsibleforgarbagesortinginBeijingnow14．Whatisthebesttitle

forthetext?A．AnExampleinGarbageSortinginShanghaiB．ActiontoBeTakentoSortGarbageinShanghaiC．PresentGarbageCollectioninBeijingD．NewGarbageSortingRe

gulationinBeijing15．Wherecanyoureadthearticle?A．Afashionmagazine.B．Asciencebook.C．Agovernmentreport.

D．Anewspaper.【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。12．推理判断题。根据第四段中Blue-coloreddustbinsindic

ateitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitchentrash,redcorrespondstodangerousmaterialsandgreytootherwaste.“蓝色的垃圾桶表示里面的物品是可回收的，绿色代表厨房垃圾，红色代表危险物品，灰

色代表其他垃圾。”由此可知，废电池不能再回收，所以不能被扔到蓝色的垃圾桶里。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中Beijinghasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecurrentreg

ulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.“因此，外界预

计中国政府也会效仿。目前的规定将垃圾分类的责任交给了政府部门、物业管理集团和其他组织。”由此可知，从文章中可以得知，现在北京市民不需要对垃圾分类负责。故选D。14．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbages

ortingin2009.“北京市政府于2009年开始推广垃圾分类。”和最后一段BeijingEnvironmentalSanitationEngineeringGrouphasbeenpromotingnewgarbageso

rtingfacilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkitchenwastetrashcanssince2016“自2016年以来，北京环卫工程集团一直在推广新的垃圾分类设施，如回收箱和智能厨房垃圾桶”由此可

知，C项PresentGarbageCollectioninBeijing.(目前北京的垃圾收集)为最佳主题。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的XinhuaNewsAgencyreported(新华社报道)

可知，这是一篇关于北京市垃圾分类的新闻报道，所以它不可能出现在一本时尚杂志、一本科学书和一个政府报告上，它最有可能出现在报纸上。故选D。11.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟）GreatinventorslikeThomasEdis

onhaveimpactedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertainlyvaluable,otheramazinginventionswereactuallycreatedby

children!ThetrampolineTrampolinesaregreatforbothfunandexercise,buttheyareafairlyrecentinvention.Inthe1930s,GeorgeNissenwasinspiredtomake

abouncy“net"afterseeingacircusperformance.Hethoughtitmoreentertainingforperformerstocontinuebouncinginsteadoflandinginanet.So,atth

eageof16,hemadeitbystretchingthickclothinametalframe.ThePopsicleColdweatherledtothecreationofadeliciousinvention-thePopsicle.FrankEppersonwasj

ust11yearsoldwhenheaccidentallycreatedhisfirstPopsicle.Hewasmakinghimselfasodadrinkandlefthisglassoutsideovernight

.Whenhefounditinthemorning,ithadfrozensolidwiththestir(搅拌)stickstillintheglass.AndthefirstPopsiclewasborn.BrailleThree-ye

ar-oldLouisBrailleexperiencedaseriouseyeinjurythatblindedhiminbotheyes.Hestruggledtoreadbymovinghisfingersacrossraisedletters,butthatprovedveryd

ifficult.Attheageoftwelve,Louislearnedaboutacommunicationsystemwheremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.HechangeditandcreatedBraille

.Itsnowusedaroundtheworld!BEACONWhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalle

dBEACON.AfterreceivingaletterfromherEthiopianpenpal,Hannahwasinspiredtocreateadevicethatcouldconverttheenergyfromoceanwavesintoelectricitywhi

chshehopeswillhelppeoplewithouteasyaccesstoelectricity.1．Whichoftheinventionsgreatlybenefitstheblind?A．The

trampoline.B．ThePopsicle.C．Braille.D．BEACON.2．Whowasawardedanationaltitleforhis/herinvention?A．GeorgeNissen.B．FrankEpperson.C．LouisB

raille.D．HannahHerbst.3．Whatdothechildinventorshaveincommon?A．Theywereallawardedfortheiramazinginventions.B．Theyallmadeimproveme

ntsonpreviousinventions.C．Theywereallteenagerswhentheymadetheirinventions.D．Theyallinventedgreatthingsthatinfluencepeople'slives.【答案】1．C2．D3

．D【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了蹦床、棒冰、盲文、灯塔等几项小孩子的大发明，影响了世界。1．细节理解题。根据关键词theblind定位到第四段，由Attheageoftwelve,Louislearnedaboutacommunicationsystemwh

eremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.HechangeditandcreatedBraille.Itsnowusedaroundtheworld!可知，十二岁时，路易斯学会了一种可以用指尖默默读取信息的通讯系统

。他改变了它，创造了盲文。现在全世界都在使用。所以布莱叶盲文使盲人受益匪浅，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句WhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistfo

rinventingadevicecalledBEACON.可知，当HannahHerbst只有14岁的时候，她因为发明了一种名为BEACON的设备而被提名为美国最顶尖的年轻科学家。可知选D。3．推理判断题。根据首段第二句GreatinventorslikeThom

asEdisonhaveimpactedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertainlyvaluable,otheramazinginventionswereactuallycreatedby

children!可知，像托马斯·爱迪生这样伟大的发明家用他们的发明影响了人们的生活。虽然他们的贡献当然是有价值的，但其他令人惊异的发明实际上是由孩子们创造！由此判断出这些儿童发明的共同点是孩子创造的的神奇发明影响了人们的生活，

故选D。12.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）Whatisbodysurfing?Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuc

hasasurfboard.That‟swhyitiscalledthe“purest”formofsurfing.Infact,itisoneofveryfewextremesports—freeclimbingandcliffdivingare.others—thatcanbepractic

edusingnothingbutthehumanbody.Howdoyoudoit?Tocatchawave,swimtowherethewavesbreakand,asoneapproaches,startswimmingtowardsthebeach.Youmusttrytotr

avelatthesamespeedasthewaveand,ifyoudoitcorrectly,youwillfeelthewaveliftingyouandpushingyouforwards.Thentryan

dcutalongthesurfaceofthewave.Whatdoyouneed?Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).Thisisbecausetheyenableyoutoswimfasterand

surfalongthemmoreeasily.Awetsuitisalsoadvisable.Anotheraidisahandboard,amini-surfboardaboutthesizeofa

niron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.Ifyouareluckyenoughtobesurfinginwarmwater,makesureyouhaveyourboardshortsattheready.Unofficialworldcha

mpionshipBodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachyear.Localbodysurfersco

mpeteagainstathletesfromplacessuchasAustralia,Brazil,JapanorFrance.FamousbodyboarderMikeStewarthaswonthe

eventnofewerthan12times,andKellySlater,thegreatestsurferinhistory,hasalsocompeted.1．Howdoesabodysurfersurfwhileinthesea?

A．Onlyusingthehumanbody.B．Onlyrelyingonasurfboard.C．Onlyfollowingawave.D．Onlyswimmingalongthebeach.2．Whichcanmakeyo

usurffaster?A．Flippersandawetsuit.B．Awetsuitandahandboard.C．Ahandboardandboardshorts.D．AhandboardandFlippers.

3．WhatcanweknowaboutthePipelineBodysurfingClassic?A．Itisforlocalbodysurfers.B．ItisheldannuallyinHawaii.C．Allfamousb

odysurfersfavorit.D．MikeStewartattendsiteveryyear.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bod

ysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuchasasurfboard.和thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪

上冲浪。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Anotheraidisahan

dboard,amini-surfboardaboutthesizeofaniron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。3．细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段Bodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClas

siceachyear.在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。13.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）MorePeopleAreLeavingtheRatRacefortheSimpleLifeTimeismorepreciousthanmoneyfo

ranincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoarechoosingtolivemorewithless—andlikingit.KayandCharlesGiddens,twolawyers,soldthe

irhometostartaB&Bhotel.Fouryearslater,thecoupledishesoutbananapancakebreakfast,cleanstoiletsandserveshomemadec

hocolatechipcookiestoguestsinaB&Bhotelsurroundedbytreesonahillknownforcolorfulsunsets.“DoImissthefreeways?DoImissthetraf

fic?DoImissthestress?No,”saysMs.Giddens,“Thisisaphenomenonthat‟sfairlywidespread.Alotofpeoplearereevaluatingtheirlivesan

dfiguringoutwhattheywanttodo.Iftheirbaseisbeingdamaged,what‟sthepayoff?”Simplelivingrangesfromcuttin

gdownonweeknightactivitiestosharinghousing,livingclosertowork,avoidingshoppingmalls,borrowingbooksfromthel

ibraryinsteadofbuyingthem,andtakingacutinpaytoworkatamorepleasurablejob.VickiRobin,awriter,livesonabudgetequaltoafifthofwhatsh

eusedtomake.“Youbecomeconsciousaboutwhereyourmoneyisgoingandhowvaluableitis,”Ms.Robinsays,“Youtendnottousethingsup.Youcookatho

meratherthaneatout…”JanetLuhrs,alawyer,quitherjobaftergivingbirthandleavingherdaughterwithanannyfortwoweeks.

“ItwasnotthewayIwantedtoraisemykids,”shesays,“Simplicityisnotjustaboutsavingmoney;it‟saboutmesittingdowneverynightwithmykidstoa

candlelitdinnerwithclassicalmusic.”Mrs.Luhrsnoweditsamagazine,SimpleLiving,whichpublishestipsonhowtobuyrecycledfurnitureandshoes,organizepotlu

ckdinnersinsteadofexpensivereceptions,andgenerallyhowtoconsumeless.“It‟snotaboutpoverty,”Mrs.Luhrsexplains

,“It‟saboutconsciouslivingandcreatingthelifeyouwant.Thelessstuffyoubuy,thelessmoneygoesoutofthedoor,andthelessmoneyyouhavetoearn.”8．KayandCharles

Giddenssoldtheirhometo______.A．payoffthedebtB．startaprivatehotelC．cutdownexpensesD．buylivingnecessit

ies9．Simplelivingincludes______.A．buildingahomelibraryB．livinginthecountrysideC．enjoyingacolorfulnightlifeD．sharinghousingwithothers10．Itcanbelearned

fromthepassagethatnowJanetLuhrs______.A．spendsmoretimewithherkidsB．hasaninterestinclassicalmusicC．worksasarepo

rterofamagazineD．helpspeoplebuyrecycledclothes11．Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Byusingfigures.B．Byaskingquestion

s.C．Bygivingexamples.D．Bymakingcomparisons.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人摆脱激烈竞争的环境回归简单的生活。他们重新审视生活的价值，希望过上一种自己喜欢的生活。8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段

中的soldtheirhometostartaB&Bhotel可知，他们把房子卖掉是为了经营自己的酒店，故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的Simplelivingrangesfromcuttingdownonweeknightac

tivitiestosharinghousing可知，D选项sharinghousingwithothers包含了simpleliving的内容，故选D。10．推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的ItwasnotthewayIwantedt

oraisemykids,”shesays,“Simplicityisnotjustaboutsavingmoney可知，JanetLuhrs不工作是因为想把更多的时间花在跟她的小孩子一起，故选A。11．推理判断题。纵观全文，不难

看出文章是用了几个人物的例子，如KayandCharlesGiddens夫妇，作家VickiRobin等，来讲述Simpleliving的概念的，故选C。14.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）ThenewgarbagesortingregulationhastakeneffectinS

hanghaistartingfromJuly1.Manycitizensarestillconfusedabouttheclassificationofthefourdifferenttypesoftrash.Thankf

ully,authoritieshavereleasedanofficialguidelinetoexplainthenewrules.Theguideline,publishedbytheShanghaiGreeneryandPublicSanitationBureau

,providesarathercleardefinitiononthefourkindsofwaste:recyclablewaste,harmfulwaste,householdfoodwasteandresidual(剩余的)waste.Ha

rmfulwaste,asthenamesuggests,includesvariouspoisonousmaterialslikeusedbatteries,lightbulbs,out-of-datemedicines,paintandpesticides.Householdfood

waste—whichistranslatedto“wettrash”inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs(中药)and

flowers.Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles(纺织品)arecountedasrecyclablewaste.Thedefinitionofresidualw

asteisalittleconfusing.Anythingthatisnotlistedabovebelongstothiscategory.Asspecificasthenewguidelineis,residentsstillhaveahard

timesortingtrashcorrectlyandarefindingitchallengingtomemorizethemall.Forinstance,bothplasticbottlesan

dbubbleteaorcoffeecupsareplasticmaterials.However,theformerfallstothecategoryofrecyclablewasteandthelatterbelongstoresidualwaste.Tosavethe

hassle,somenetizenshavecomeupwiththeirownwaytosorttrash.“Weshoulddothisfromapig‟sangle,”commentedonenetizen.“Thoseedible(可食用

的)forpigsarehouseholdfoodwaste.Thoseevenpigsdon‟twanttoeatareresidualwaste.Ifapigconsumessomethinganddiesofit,thensomet

hingmustbeharmfulwaste.Thosethatcanbesoldandthemoneywegaincanbeusedtopurchasepigsarerecyclablewaste.”ThenewregulationcameintoeffectonJuly1.Th

osewhodonotsorttheirtrashproperlywillbefinedRMB200.12．Whatdotheoldcoatsthatyouwanttothrowawaybelongto?A．Harmfulwaste.B．Wettrash.C．Recy

clablewaste.D．Residualwaste.13．Whatisthecommonpointof“wettrash”？A．Theycanbebrokendowneasily.B．Theyallcomefromplants.C．Theyallhavebadsm

ells.D．Theyallhavepoisonousmaterials.14．Whatisthetoneofthenetizenlike?A．Serious.B．Humorous.C．Delightful.D．Uncertain.15．Whatdoesthepassagemainly

talkabout?A．ThefoursortsofgarbageareforbiddeninShanghai.B．Shanghaigarbagesortingenforcementbegins.C．Peoplearest

illconfusedaboutgarbagesorting.D．ThenetizensinShanghaisupportthegarbagesortingpolicy.【答案】12．C13．A14．B15

．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类指南以及相关规定出台后，人们对此作出的反应。12．细节理解题。根据第五段Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles(纺织品)are

countedasrecyclablewaste.可知纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和纺织品都是可回收的废物。纺织品属于可回收垃圾，而旧衣服属于纺织品，故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第四段Householdfoodwaste—whichistran

slatedto“wettrash”inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs(中药)andflowers.可知，家

庭食物垃圾——在中文里被翻译成“湿垃圾”——指的是剩饭剩菜、腐烂的食物、宠物食品、果皮、中草药和鲜花的残留物。由此可知，“湿垃圾”的共同点是它们很容易分解。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Wesh

oulddothisfromapig‟sangle,”commentedonenetizen.可知，一位网友评论道：“我们应该从猪的角度来做这件事。”由此可推知，该网民说从猪的角度来看，可见该网民是以一种

幽默的语气来表达自己的观点的。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中ThenewgarbagesortingregulationhastakeneffectinShanghaistartingfromJuly1.可知，新的垃圾分类规定已

于7月1日起在上海生效。后文又介绍了上海的垃圾分类规定的出台及具体内容，如可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾等的具体内容，以及人们对此的反应。故选B。15.（2020届陕西宜川中学高三第三次模拟）“Peoplearerudertodaybec

ausetheyarerushedandmore„timepoor‟thaneverbefore,”saysPatsyRowe,“Mannershavefallenofftheradar(雷达).”Duetoourstrongattractiontoelectronicequipment

itisawonderthatmorepeopledon‟twakeupeachmorningandgreetthesingingbirdswithcomplainingaboutthenoise.Herearesomeexamplesofrudeness.Somepeople

prefertodoalmosteverythingovertheInternet.Tothem,dealingwithanactualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackward.Itfeelsveryslo

wbecausehumansdon‟tworkat4Gspeeds.Whenyouhavedinnerwithfriends,youwilloftennoticesomeonepayingmoreattentiontohismobil

ephone.Wehaveprogrammedourselvestothinkthateverynewmessagebringslife-changingnews,sotakingcallsandcheckingourtextsaremoreimportanttha

ntalkingtothepeoplewearewith.Whatisworse,somepeopleeventendtosendanonymous（匿名的）rudemessagesbyemail.However,rudenessisneveracceptable.Don‟tassumei

tisOKtoberudeifthepersonyou‟reintouchwithwon‟trecognizeyou.Ifyouhavesomethingawfultosay,havethecouragetofacethepersonandsayit,writealettero

remailandsignit,orforgetit.Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessagesiscruelanddisgusting.Weshouldn‟tblametechnologyforourshortcomings.Techn

ologyisheretohelpus,butweshouldnotallowittotakeoverourlives.Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.Peoplespe

ndalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldbeevenmorehelpfulifwe‟dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthe

underlinedsentenceinParagraph1?A．Peoplecarelittleabouttheirbehavior.B．Peoplecantellgoodfrombadbehavior.C．Radarisabletoobserve

humanbehavior.D．Radarcanbeusedtopredicthumanbehavior.9．Somepeoplearelesswillingtodealwithhumansbecause__________.A．

theyaregrowingtooindependentB．theyhavetohandlemanyimportantmessagesC．theyarebecominglesspatientD．theyhavetofo

llowanevolutionarystepbackward.10．Theauthorthinkssendingunsignedawfulmessagesis___________.A．disgustingB．acceptableC．RidiculousD．reasonable1

1．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Weshouldapplaudgoodbehavior.B．Weshouldkeeppointingoutmistakes.C．Technologywilltakeoverlivesoneday.D．Technol

ogycanneverbeblamed【答案】8．A9．C10．A11．A【解析】本文为一篇说明文。随着电子产品和网络的普及，人们越来越匆忙，从而变得更加粗鲁，越来越不注重礼貌。我们不应该把我们的缺点归咎于技术。我们应该赞扬良好的行为。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“People

arerudertodaybecausetheyarerushedandmore„timepoor‟thaneverbefore…”Herearesomeexamplesofrudness”可知，今天的人们更粗鲁，因为他们很匆忙，

而且比以往任何时候都更缺乏时间人们忽视他们的行为以及一些粗鲁的例子。可知，人们对他们的行为举止不在意了。故选A项。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中Tothem,dealingwithanactualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackwar

d.Itfeelsveryslowbecausehumansdon‟tworkat4Gspeeds.“对他们来说，与真人打交道就像是进化的倒退。这感觉非常慢，因为人类无法以4G速度工作。”可知，有些人不太愿意和人类打交道，因为他们变得越来越没有耐心。故选C。10．推

理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessagesiscruelanddisgusting.”“用未署名的信息惹恼别人是残忍和令人恶心的。”可知，作者认为发送无签名的糟糕消息是令人厌恶的。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Peo

plespendalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldbeevenmorehelpfulifwe‟dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenwese

ethem.“人们花很多时间指出不礼貌的地方，但如果我们在看到他们的时候公开承认他们有礼貌，那就更有帮助了。”可知，我们应该赞扬良好的行为。故选A。