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专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）1.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）Itisoftensaidthat“apictureisworthathousandwords.”Thatiscertainlytrueoftheimagesofbrie

fmomentsnaturesubmittedbyinternationalecologistsandstudentsfortheBritishEcologicalSociety‟s(BES)annualphotographycompetition.H

ereareafewof2019‟swinningentries.“RedNight”byRobertoGarciaRoa“RedNight,”aphotographofasnakecurling(蜷缩)aro

undatreewasdeclaredthisyear‟s“OverallWinner.”TakenbyRobertoGarciaRoainMadagascar,theimagecapturesboththebeautyoftheanimalanditsvulnerab

ility(脆弱)tohumanthreatslikepoaching(偷猎)andfires.Itvividlyreflectstheconditionsthatthesesnakesaresuffering.“FlamesinFl

umes(水沟)”byNilanjanChatterjeeNilanjanChatterjee‟spictureofawaterredstart,waitingtocatchawaterborneinsectnearasmallwate

rfall,wonthejudge‟sapprovalforthebestoverallstudentsubmission.Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwasthephotographer‟sattemptstohighlightthestrugglether

iverbirds,whichcapturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcurrents,arelikelytofacefromtoslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanneddamsinr

iversacrossIndia.“TheRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPennyTheongoingdemandforrhinohorns(犀牛角)hasreducedthepopulationofthemagnificentanimalstojust30,0

00specimensglobally.EcologistsinSouthAfricahavetosawofftheanimals‟horns,whichregrowannually.Cruelasitseems,“T

heRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reducestheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurdered.“ASideofFries”byNigelTaylor“ASideofFries”—animageofalong-tail

edmonkeyatBatuCaves,Malaysia,holdingaboxofMcDonald‟sfries—byNigelTaylorisjustoneexampleofhowcarelesshumanbehaviorisenda

ngeredanimalsinthewild.1．Whatmessagedothefourphotoswanttoconveytoviewers?A．Thenatureisveryattractive.B．Wildanimalscanbelovely.C．Hu

mansmustconserveanimals.D．Picturesspeaklouderthanwords.2．ThedamsinriversacrossIndiaarelikelytomakethewaterredstart________.A．gohungryB．getlo

stC．getcaughtD．settledown3．WhydoecologistsinSouthAfricasawoffrhinohorns?A．Tosellrhinohorns.B．Tosaverhinos.C．Tomakehornsregrow.D．Tofetchhighprice

s.【答案】1．C2．A3．B【解析】本文是说明文。一图胜万言，本文通过四幅图号召大家保护动物。1．细节理解题。根据“RedNight”byRobertoGarciaRoa中的Itvividlyreflectstheconditionsthatthesesnakesa

resuffering.(它生动地反映了这些蛇所遭受的苦难)；“FlamesinFlumes(水沟)”byNilanjanChatterjee中的Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwasthephotograph

er‟sattemptstohighlightthestruggletheriverbirds,whichcapturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcurrents,arelikelytofacefrom

toslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanneddamsinriversacrossIndia.(这张照片的标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水

流减缓的问题)；“TheRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPenny中的TheRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reducestheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurde

red.(“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀害的风险)；“ASideofFries”byNigelTaylor中的“ASideofFries”—animageofalong-tailedmonkeyatBatuCaves,Malaysia,holdingaboxofMcDonald‟

sfries—byNigelTaylorisjustoneexampleofhowcarelesshumanbehaviorisendangeredanimalsinthewild.(“薯条的一面”——马来西亚巴图岩洞的一只长

尾猴，拿着一盒麦当劳薯条——奈杰尔·泰勒的这张照片只是一个例子，说明了人类的粗心行为是如何危害野生动物的)可知，四幅图的共同传递给观众的是人类必须要保护动物。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据“FlamesinFlumes(

水沟)”byNilanjanChatterjee中的Entitled“FlamesinFlumes,”itwasthephotographer‟sattemptstohighlightthestruggletheriverbirds,which

capturetheirpreyfromfast-movingcurrents,arelikelytofacefromtoslowdowninwaterflowduetoplanneddamsinriversacrossIndia.(这张照片的

标题是“火焰中的羽毛”，这是摄影师试图突出河鸟的挣扎，它们从湍急的水流中捕捉猎物，由于计划在印度境内的河流上修建水坝，它们很可能面临水流减缓的问题)可知，印度河上的水坝可能会使红尾水鸲没有食物而饥饿。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“T

heRhino‟sAnnualHaircut”byMollyPenny中的EcologistsinSouthAfricahavetosawofftheanimals‟horns,whichregrowannually.Cruelasitseems,“T

heRhinosAnnualHaircut,”reducestheriskoftheanimalsbeingbrutallymurdered.(南非的生态学家不得不锯掉这些动物每年都会重新长出的角。尽管看起来很残忍，“犀牛的年度发型”降低了动物被残忍杀

害的风险)可知，为了减少犀牛们被人类残忍谋杀，南非的生态学家们不得不锯掉每年会重新生长的犀牛角。故选B。2.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）Thefireofcreativitydoesn‟tnecessarilyburnoutafteryouth

.“Manypeoplebelievethatthecreativityisexclusively(专有地)associatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou‟retalkingabout,”saysth

eleadstudyauthor,BruceWeinbergofOhioStateUniversity.Accordingtothestudy,therearetwotypesofinnovators(创新者):conceptualandexperimental.

WeinbergandfellowresearcherDavidGalensonthinkthatthosewhotendtodotheirbestworkintheirmid-20sareconceptualinnovators,whilethosewhopeakintheir50s

areexperimentalinnovators.WeinbergandGalensonstudiedtheworksof31NobelPrizewinnersofeconomics,placingtheeconomistsonarangeofmostconcept

ualtomostexperimental.Theageatwhichaneconomistcontributedthemostwell-regardedtothefieldwastakenintoaccount,andth

eageatwhichtheworkenteredtheeconomicfieldhelpedtoclassifytheeconomist‟screativepeak(顶峰).Economistswitha

conceptualapproachpeakedintheir20s,whilethosewhotooktheexperimentalapproachpeakedintheirlate50s.Mostofth

ewinnersmadetheirgreatdiscoveriesafteratleast25yearsofhardwork.Theresearcherscorrelated(与……相关联)theirfindingsineconomicachi

evementswiththoseofscientificachievements.Forexample,theymentionAlbertEinsteinasaconceptualinnovator,whoputforwardthefa

mousSpecialTheoryofRelativityattheageof26.TheysuggestscientistCharlesDarwindevelopedhismostgroundbreakingtheorieslateroni

nlife,whichwouldmakehimanexperimentalinnovator.Thismakessensegiventhatthetheoryofevolutionwasdevelopedovermanyyearsthroughalongprocessoftrialander

ror.Noneofthisistosaythateithertypeofinnovativeapproachisexclusivetodifferentagegroups.Itisn‟tunheardofforanolderpersontobeaconceptualinno

vatororforyoungerpeopletoinnovatemoreexperimentally.Theresearchsimplyshowstrends.Anyhow,there'salwaysal

ittleroomforacreativebreakthrough—nomatteryourage8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．CreativityIsTheBestWhenOneIsYou

ngB．ScientistsBecameFamousAtDifferentAgesC．ExperimentalInnovatorsPeakInLate50‟sD．CreativityIsn‟tExclusiveToTheYoung9．Fromthethir

dandfourthparagraph,wecanreachaconclusionthat_______.A．mostwinnersmadecreativediscoveriesintheirlate20‟sB．award-winningeconomis

tstendtouseconceptualapproachesC．themajorityof31winnerswereexperimentalinnovatorsD．researchersinterviewedNobelPrizewinnersofeconomics10．Whatdo

youknowaboutexperimentalinnovators?A．Theyinspiretheircreativeideasbyasuddenspark.B．Theyslowlycultivatecreativeideasoveralongtime.C．Theytendt

ochallengemostbasicscientificconcepts.D．Theyoftenmakeimportantcontributionsinliterature.11．Whatdoesthewriterwanttoexpr

essinParagraph5?A．Thefindingsarealsoappliedtoscientificfield.B．Scientistsmakebreakthroughsbytrialanderror.C．Economictheo

riesarebasedonscientificfacts.D．Scientificdiscoveriescallformanyyearsofwork.【答案】8．D9．C10．B11．A【解析】本文是说明文。多数人认为创造力只与年轻有关。但是俄亥俄州立大学研究表明这

依赖于你在谈论哪种创造力。创造力不专属于年轻人。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Manypeoplebelievethatthecreativityisexclusively(专有地)associatedwithyout

h,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou‟retalkingabout,”saystheleadstudyauthor,BruceWeinbergofOhioStateUniversity.(研究报告的主要撰写人、俄亥俄州立大学的

布鲁斯·温伯格说：“许多人认为创造力只与年轻人有关，但实际上这取决于你所谈论的创造力的类型)及下文对这项研究的介绍可知，“创造力不专属于年轻人”适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的WeinbergandG

alensonstudiedtheworksof31NobelPrizewinnersofeconomics,placingtheeconomistsonarangeofmostconceptualtomostexperimental.(温伯格和盖伦森

研究了31位诺贝尔经济学奖得主的著作，将这些经济学家的研究范围从最具概念化到最具实验性)以及第四段中的Economistswithaconceptualapproachpeakedintheir20s,whilethosewho

tooktheexperimentalapproachpeakedintheirlate50s.(采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家在50多岁时达到顶峰)可知，31位诺贝尔经济学奖获得者中多数是“概念式”创新者。故选C。10．

推理判断题。根据第四段中的Economistswithaconceptualapproachpeakedintheir20s,whilethosewhotooktheexperimentalapproachpea

kedintheirlate50s.Mostofthewinnersmadetheirgreatdiscoveriesafterateast25yearsofhardwork.(采用概念性方法的经济学家在20多岁时达到顶峰，而采用实验性方法的经济学家

在50多岁时达到顶峰。大多数获奖者是在至少25年的辛勤工作后才有了重大发现)可推知，实验性创新者需要很长时间才能有创新性思想。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第五段中的Theresearcherscorrelated(与……相关联)theirfindingsinecono

micachievementswiththoseofscientificachievements.(研究人员将他们在经济成就方面的发现与科学成就联系起来)及列举的爱因斯坦和达尔文的例子说明，这些发现也适用于科学领域。故选A。3.（2

020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）BookingavacationhasneverbeenmoreconvenientthanwithVacationsMadeEasy,whichhaseverythingyouneed

tobookanunforgettablegetaway.Ifyouaren'tsurewheretogo,checkoutourmostpopulardestinations:MyrtleBeachSCIfcoas

talviewsandoceanicadventuresareupyouralley,thenMyrtleBeach,SCistheplaceforyou!Thiscityisknownforitss

tunningbeachesandadventuresthatofferupuniqueopportunitiestocreatethemostunforgettablememories.Setoutonthesparklingwaterstolookfordolphinsont

heMyrtleBeachDolphinSightseeingCruises.TheLegendsinConcertshowissuretobeablastaswell!NashvilleTNItisthecapitalofthestate

aswellasthecapitalofcountrymusic.Affectionatelynicknamed„MusicCity‟,Nashvilleiswheremanyofthemostlegendaryperformersgottheirstart.Thereareman

yamazingactivitiestoenjoyhere.CountrymusicloverscanwitnessashowatthelegendaryGrandOleOpry.PigeonForge

&GatlinburgTNHometotheGreatSmokyMountains,filledwithnaturalwondersandamazingshows,thePigeonForge&GatlinburgTNis

amust-see.CreatenewmemoriesandenjoythebeautyoftheSmokieswhenyouvisitthesecities!Therearealsoplentyoffunopportunitiesforoutdooradventurean

dmoreinthisarea!SanAntonioTXHometorichTexanandAmericanhistory,SanAntonio,TXisagreatplacetovisitforacombinationofhistoryandmodernattractions.Whetheryo

uwanttogetinsomethrillsatSeaWorldorseetheshops,restaurantsandentertainmentoftheRiverwalk,yourtriptoSanAntoniowillbeablast.1．AtMyrtleBeachSC,youc

andoallthefollowingexcept_____________.A．Searchingfordolphins.B．Enjoyingcoastalviews.C．Joiningoceanicadventures.D．Attendingaconcert.2．Whatisspecia

laboutNashvilleTN?A．Ithasdoublestatuseswithanickname.B．Manylegendaryperformerswerebornhere.C．Itwillgiveyouthemostunforgettablememories.D．Therea

remanyamazingsportsactivitieshere.3．WhereshouldyougotoexplorethehistoryofUSA?A．NashvilleTNB．SanAntonioTXC．Pi

geonGorge&GatlinburgTND．MyrtleBeachSC【答案】1．D2．A3．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个最受欢迎的旅行目的地的情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Ifcoastalviewsandoce

anicadventuresareupyouralley,thenMyrtleBeach,SCistheplaceforyou!(如果你对海岸景观和海洋冒险感兴趣，那么默特尔海滩，SC是你的好去处!)可知B选项“欣赏海岸景色”属于MyrtleBeachSC的活动；根

据第二段中Thiscityisknownforitsstunningbeachesandadventuresthatofferupuniqueopportunitiestocreatethemostunforgetta

blememories.SetoutonthesparklingwaterstolookfordolphinsontheMyrtleBeachDolphinSightseeingCruises.(这个城市以其迷人的海滩和冒险闻名，提供了独特的机会来创造最难

忘的记忆。出发在波光粼粼的水域寻找海豚在默特尔海滩海豚观光巡航。)可知A选项“寻找海豚”和C选项“加入海洋探险”属于MyrtleBeachSC的活动。只有D选项“参加音乐会”没有提到，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中Itisthecapi

talofthestateaswellasthecapitalofcountrymusic.Affectionatelynicknamed„MusicCity‟,Nashvilleiswheremanyofthemostlegen

daryperformersgottheirstart.可知它是国家的首都，也是乡村音乐的首都。被亲切地称为“音乐之城”的纳什维尔是许多最具传奇色彩的表演者的发祥地。由此可知，NashvilleTN的特别之处在于有两个重

要身份和一个昵称。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中HometorichTexanandAmericanhistory,SanAntonio,TXisagreatplacetovisitforacombinationofhistoryandm

odernattractions.可知拥有丰富的德州和美国历史，SanAntonioTX是一个伟大的地方访问历史和现代景点的结合。由此可知，你应该去SanAntonioTX探索美国的历史。故选B。4.（2020届湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测）Thecombinationofdayandnigh

textremeheatwillonlygetmorefrequent-andhotter-inthefuture.There‟snothinglikethecoolreliefofnightfallafteraswelteringsummerday.A

stheworldwarms,thisnaturalbalancemaybeshifting.Newresearchsuggeststhatanewtrendisontherise-extremeheatduringthedayfollowedbyextremeh

eatovernight.AstudypublishedthisweekinNatureCommunicationsfindsthattheseday/nightextremeshavebecomebothhotterandmore

frequentsince1960.AcrosstheNorthernHemisphere,they‟veintensified(增强)byabout2½degreesFahrenheit,andthey‟reoccurringa

boutfivedaysmorefrequentlyperyear.Continuedwarmingwillmakeitevenworse,theresearchsuggests.Inascenarioinvolvingaround3degreesCelsiust

hroughouttherestofthecentury(orabout5.5F),thesecompoundextremeswillhappenaboutfourtimesmorefrequentlytha

ntheydotoday(abouteightdayseachsummer).That‟sapproximatelytheamountofwarmingtheworldisontrackfortoday,expertssay,ifgreenh

ousegasemissionsdon‟tstartfallingatafasterpace.Inthefuture,“ahotdayaccompaniedbyahotnightwithoutreli

efforhumansmightbea„newnorm,‟”saidstudyco-authorYangChenoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinanemailtoE&ENews.“

Theserapidincreasesarelargelyoverlookedinpreviousstudies.”Dayandnightextremesaremorethanjustamatterofcomfort,theauthorssay.The

y‟realsoapotentialthreattohumanhealthandnaturallandscapes.Thestudydidn‟tdirectlyexaminehumanhealthimpacts.Butotherresearchhas

suggestedthatprolongedexposuretoextremetemperaturescanworsentheoddsofheatstrokeorotherheat-relatedillnesses,andcanaffectplantgrowth.Withoutth

ereprieveofacoolevening,livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffectsofthedaytimeheat,theauthorssuggest.“Current

knowledgeaboutcombineddaytime-nighttimehotextremesremainstoosparsetoinformdevelopmentoftype-specificadaptationa

ndreliefstrategies,”thestudysays.“Overlookingthiscompoundingeffectmayleadtoseriousunderestimateofheat-inducedconse

quences.”12．Whichstatementofdayandnightextremesistrueaccordingtothestudy?A．They‟veintensifiedbyabout2½℉andoccur5d

aysmorefrequentlyperyearglobally.B．Theirrapidincreaseshavebeenpaidmuchattentiontobymanyresearchersintheirstudies.C．Theywon‟toccuronlyifgr

eenhousegasemissionsstartfallingduringthedaytimeD．Possiblytheywillhappenabout32dayspersummerthroughtherestofthecentury.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedwor

d“reprieve”mean?A．shiftB．reliefC．threatD．adaptation14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Adequateresearcheshavebeendoneintodayandnightextremes.B

．Humanscanadapttoandrelievedayandnighthotextremeseasily.C．Ignoringtheissueonthehotextremesmaycontributetosevereconsequence

s.D．Underestimatingthecompoundingeffectofhotextremeswillcausethreatstoman.15．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thedangersofhotdaysandnightsareonthe

rise.B．Continuedwarmingwillmaketheearthevenworse.C．Withtheworldwarming,thenaturalbalancemaybeshifting.D．Greenhousegasemissionsa

reincreasingatafasterpace.【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。研究表明，持续变暖会使情况

变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中thesecompound

extremeswillhappenaboutfourtimesmorefrequentlythantheydotoday(abouteightdayseachsummer).可知这些复合极端天气发生的频

率是现在的四倍（每年夏天大约8天）。由此可知，D选项“在本世纪余下的时间里，每年夏天大约有32天会发生这种情况”正确。故选D。13．词义猜测题。根据后文livingthingsmayhavelessopportunitytorecoverfromtheeffectsofthedaytim

eheat可知如果没有凉爽的夜晚作为缓解，生物从白天高温中恢复的机会就会减少。由此可知，划线单词意思为“缓解”。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Overlookingthiscompoundingeffectmayleadtoseriousunderestimateofheat-

inducedconsequences.可知忽视这种复合效应可能导致严重低估热诱导的后果。由此可推知，忽视极端天气的问题可能会导致严重的后果。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段中Newresearchsuggeststhatanewtrendisontherise-extremeheatdu

ringthedayfollowedbyextremeheatovernight.可知一项新的研究表明，一种新的趋势正在上升——白天极度炎热，夜晚极度炎热。结合文章还说明了研究表明，持续变暖会使情况变得更糟，白天和晚上的极端天气不仅仅是舒适的问题，它们也是对人类健康和自然景观的潜在威胁

。其他研究表明，长期暴露在极端温度下会使中暑或其他与热有关的疾病的几率增加，并会影响植物的生长。由此可知这篇文章主要讲了炎热的白天和夜晚的危险正在增加。故选A。5.（2020届江西省新余市高考二模）Australianexpertshaveexpressedc

oncernsthattoomanymillennials(千禧一代）arehopingtousetheirsocialmediaaccountstobuildtheircareers.Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein

"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphotosonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalso

good-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpossible.Instagramisfloodedwithsocialmediaprofessionalspaidtopromoteproducts

andservices.However,socialscientistDrLaurenRosewarne,fromtheUniversityofMelbourne,saysthatinreality,therearefarfewerpeop

lemakingmoneyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.ShesaidmanyyoungAustraliansweregettingsuckedinbytheappealofmakingmone

yonplatformslikeInstagram,describingitas"totallyunrealistic"andextremelydifficulttodo."Youngpeopleareh

opingtobefamousinnumbersthatweresimplynotthere20yearsago,"RosewarnetoldtheAustralianBroadcastingCorporation(ABC)onSaturday."Therearesomepeoplewho

canmakefortunesoutofmonetizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm."ShesaiditwasuptoparentsandschoolstodiscouragestudentsfromseekingInsta

-fame,asmanybelieveitisapossiblecareerchoice."There'sthewarningforparents;thisisnotanormalorevencommonoccurrencethatyoucanmonetizeyourInst

agramaccount."MeanwhileToniEagerfromAustralianNationalUniversitysaidsocialproblemscouldarisefromspendingtoomuchtimewithsocialmedia."Whered

otheinsta-celebritiesgo...toseparatethelifepeopleseeonInstagramfromtheiractualnormallife?"Eagersaid."Allofasudden,peopleownyourpri

vatelife."8．Whyisthereasuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"?A．Manyyoungpeoplewanttobephotographers.B．Manypeopleseeitasa

shortcuttomakingmoney.C．Peoplewanttosocializebysharingphotosonline.D．Instagramoffersyoungpeoplemorecareerchoices.9．T

heunderlinedphrase"gettingsuckedin"inParagraph4probablymeans"______".A．benefitingfromsomethingB．becominginvolvedinsometh

ingC．takingadvantageofsomethingD．beingsatisfiedwithsomething10．Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveybyquoti

ngDrLaurenRosewarne?A．Youngpeopletodayaremorebusiness-savvythanever.B．YoungpeoplearebecominglessinterestedinInternetfame.C．Instagramisn

otagoodplatformtopromotenewproducts.D．It'sabadideaforyoungpeopletotryearningmoneyonInstagram.11．WhatproblemdoesToniEagerthinkoveruseofsocia

lmediacouldcause?A．Anover-relianceonInstagram.B．Alossofpersonalprivacy.C．Lessinteractionwithpeoplein

reallife.D．Thedesiretomonetizeone'sInstagramaccount.【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的千禧一代中有很多人想将社交媒体发展成赚钱的手段甚至作为事业，专家

对此表示了担忧。8．推理判断题。从第二段对于insta-celebrities的描述Theirconcernsfollowthesuddenrisein"insta-celebrities"whomakemoneybypostingsponsoredphoto

sonline.Fortheluckyfewwhoarenotonlytalentedphotographersbutalsogood-lookingandbusiness-savvy(有商业头脑的)，makingmoneyoffsocialmediaisn'timpo

ssible.以及第四段中“theappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram”可知，社交媒体上的名人可以通过赞助来挣钱，即使你非专业，如果相貌姣好、有商业头脑也有机会靠社交媒体赚钱。所以判断出为什么“insta-celebriti

es”会突然走红是因为许多人把它看作是赚钱的捷径相当于一条捷径。故选B项。9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“bytheappealofmakingmoneyonplatformslikeInstagram,可知，“受到在一些社交平台上可以赚钱的吸引

，许多澳大利亚年轻人被卷入其中”。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，gettingsuckedin也应该表达的意思是“参与其中、卷入其中”。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段DrLaurenRosewarne所说的话inreality,therearefarfewerpeoplemakingmo

neyofftheplatformsthanonemaythink.可知，她先是表示通过社交媒体赚钱是很难很不现实的，做到的人也很少。再根据倒数第四段“Therearesomepeoplewhocanmakefortunesoutofmon

etizing(使具有货币性质)theirInstagramposts,butthatisnotthenorm.”可知，有些人可以通过在instagram上发帖赚钱，但这不是常态。由此判断出，靠社交平台赚钱并非好主意。故选D项。11．细节理解题。最后一段“

"Allofasudden,peopleownyourprivatelife”可知，突然之间，人们拥有了你的私人生活。所以Tonieager认为过度使用社交媒体会导致个人隐私的损失。故选B项。6.（2

020届江西省新余市高考二模）Ifyoubelievethatscientistsandartistsaremostcreativewhenthey'reyoung,youaremissinganimportantpartofth

estory.AnewstudypublishedinDeEconomistlookedatNobelPrizewinnersinthefieldofeconomics.Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesearlyin

aperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.Theresearchsupportspreviousworkbytheauthorsthatfoundsimilarpatternsinthear

tsandothersciences."Webelievewhatwefoundinthisstudyisn'tlimitedtoeconomics,butcouldapplytocreativitymoregenerally,

"saidBruceWeinberg,leadauthorofthestudyandprofessorofeconomicsatTheOhioStateUniversity."Manypeoplebelievethatcreativityisexclusivelya

ssociatedwithyouth,butitreallydependsonwhatkindofcreativityyou'retalkingabout."Inthestudy,thosewhodidtheirmostgroundbreakingworkearlyinth

eircareerstendedtobe"conceptual"innovators(创新者).Thesetypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycom

ingupwithnewideas.Conceptualinnovatorsarenotyetimmersed(沉浸于)intheacceptedtheoriesoftheirfield,Weinbergsaid.Butthereisanotherkindofcreativ

ity,hesaid,whichisfoundamong"experimental"innovators.Theseinnovatorsaccumulateknowledgethroughtheircareersandfindnewway

stounderstandit.ThelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalinnovationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career."Whetheryouhityourcreative

peakearlyorlateinyourcareerdependsonwhetheryouhaveaconceptualorexperimentalapproach,"Weinbergsaid.Theresearcherstookanovel,empirical(经验主义的)approacht

othestudy,whichinvolved31laureates.Theyarrangedthelaureatesonalistfromthemostexperimentaltomostconceptual.Thisrankingwasbasedonthelaureates

'mostimportantwork,classifyingtheminto"conceptual"or"experimental".Afterclassifyingthelaureates,theresearchersdeterminedtheageatwhicheachla

ureatemadehismostimportantcontributiontoeconomicsandcouldbeconsideredathiscreativepeak.Theyfoundthat

conceptuallaureatespeakedbetweenages25and29.Experimentallaureatespeakedwhentheywereroughlytwiceasold,intheirmid-50s."Ourresearchsug

geststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork."12．WhatdidthestudypublishedinDeEconomistfind?A．Creativitycomes

atanyage,youngorold.B．Creativitytendstodecreaseaspeoplegetolder.C．Economists,artistsandotherscientistshav

emuchincommon.D．Economistsaremorecreativethanartistsandotherscientists.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thinkoutsidethebox"mean?A．Followrulesstrictly.B

．Experimentonboxes.C．Breakoldthoughtpatterns.D．Figureouthowtoescapefromabox.14．Whatdoweknowabout"experimental"innovators?A．Theyus

uallycomeupwithnewideasallofasudden.B．Theymakediscoveriesthroughconstanttrialanderror.C．Themajorityofthemreachtheircreativepeakintheirtwenties.D

．Theymakemorecontributionsthan"conceptual"innovators.15．Whatdotheresearchersbelievedeterminessomeone'screativepeak?A．One'spersonalitytype.B．Whatkind

ofjobonetakes.C．Howonehandlestheirwork.D．One'sattitudetowardtheirwork.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了通过对一些诺贝尔获奖者事业生涯的研究，

发现人的创造力会有两种峰值，这取决于你是哪种类型的创新者。12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itfoundtherearetwodifferentpeaksofcreativity.Onecomesea

rlyinaperson'scareer,whileanothercomeslater.”可知，这项研究表明，创造力的巅峰可能来自与事业早期，也可能是在后期，对应一个人的年轻时与年纪稍大时，A选项符合文意。故选A项。13．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“The

setypeofinnovators"thinkoutsidethebox",challengingconventionalwisdomandsuddenlycomingupwithnewideas.”可知，非谓语动词部分可以看作对

这一短语的解释，意为“挑战传统智慧，提出新的想法”，也就是勇于突破一些旧的模式、框架。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第八段“Thelongperiodsoftrialanderrorforimportantexperimentalin

novationscomelaterinaNobellaureate's(荣誉获得者的)career.”可知，在一位诺贝尔奖得主的职业生涯中，重要的实验性创新经历了漫长的不断的尝试和错误。所以他们通过不断的尝试和错误获得了发现。故选B项。15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ourresearc

hsuggeststhatwhenyou'remostcreativeismoreabouthowyouapproachyourwork.”可知，在这项研究中，决定创造力巅峰的就是你如何处理你的工作。所以研究人员认为是如何处理他

们的工作决定了一个人的创造力峰值。故选C项。7.（2020届江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考）In2019,morethan125,000organs,mostlykidneys,weretransplanted(移植)fromonehumanbeingto

anotherintheUnitedStates.Butalackofsuitabledonorsmeansthesupplyoforgansislimited.Thathasledresearcherstostudythequestionofhowtobuildorgansfromtheve

rybeginning.Onepromisingapproachistoprintthem.Bio-printingoriginatedintheearly2000s,whenitwasdiscoveredthatlivingcellscouldbespr

ayedthroughthenozzles(喷嘴)ofprinterswithoutbeingdamaged.SichuanRevotek,abiotechnologycompanybasedinChengdu,China,hassuccessfullytransplantedaprinte

dsectionofartery(动脉)intoamonkey.Thisisthefirststepintrialsofatechniqueintendedforuseinhumans.Similarly,Organovo,afirminSanDiego,C

alifornia,announcedthatithadtransplantedprintedhuman-livertissueintomiceandthatthistissuehadsurvivedandworked.Bio-printingcanhelpwiththedevelopmentof

othertreatments.Organovoalreadyoffersitsprintedkidneyandlivertissueforuseintestingnewdrugsforeffectivenessandsafety.Thatshouldpleaseanimalrigh

tsactivists,assuchtestscutdownonthenumberofanimaltrials.Itshouldpleasedrugcompanies,too——becausethetissuebeingte

stedishuman,theresultsobtainedshouldbemorereliablethanthosefromtestsonotherspecies.Withsimilarpurposeinmind,L

‟Oreal,aFrenchcosmeticsfirm,togetherwithitsteam,isworkingonprintinghumanskin.Theyintendtouseittotesttheirproductsfor

sideeffects.Comparedwitholderandslowertechnology,bio-printingwillpermitL‟Orealtogrowmuchmore,andalsoallowdifferentskintypestobeprinted.Therealprizeof

allthiseffortwouldbetoprintentireorgans.Forkidneys,RootsAnalysis,amedical-technologyconsultingcompany,thinksthatshouldbepossibleinaboutsixy

ears.Livers,whichhaveanaturaltendencytogrowagain,shouldalsoarrivealittlebitsoon.Hearts,withtheircomplexinnershape,willtakelonger.8．Wh

ydopeoplestarttoconsiderprintingorgans?A．Becauseofpoorqualityoftheorgans.B．Becauseofshortageofdonors.C．Becauseoflackofresearch.D．Becauseofl

imitedtechnology.9．HowdoesRevotekdevelopbio-printingtechnology?A．Bytestingbio-printedorgansonpatients.B．B

ydevelopinglivertissueintoamonkey.C．Bytransplantingasectionofarteryintomice.D．Bytransplantingabio-printedorganintoananimal.10．Whatcanbeinf

erredfromparagraph4?A．Animalrightsactivistshatebio-printing.B．Entireprintedorganswillbeavailablesoon.C．B

io-printingcouldbewellreceivedinsociety.D．L‟Orealprintshumanskintoimprovethebio-technology.11．Whatdoesthepassagewanttotellus?A．Orga

ntransplantationisdifficulttoachieve.B．Medicalprogressimprovespeople‟slifequality.C．Bio-printingtechcontributestobuildin

gorgans.D．Manycountriesarecooperatingtodevelopbio-printing.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了生物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意

义。8．细节理解题。根据“Butalackofsuitabledonorsmeansthesupplyoforgansislimited.Thathasledresearcherstostudythequ

estionofhowtobuildorgansfromtheverybeginning.Onepromisingapproachistoprintthem.”可知，由于缺乏合适的器官捐赠者，导致研究者

开始考虑打印器官。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“SichuanRevotek,abiotechnologycompanybasedinChengdu,China,hassuccessfullytransplantedaprintedsectionofartery(动脉)into

amonkey.”可知Revotek是通过把生物打印的器官移植到动物身上的方式发展生物打印技术的。故选D。10．推理判断题。第四段介绍了生物打印技术能够帮助其他治疗的发展。Organovo使用打印的肾脏和肝脏组织测试新药物的有效性和安全性；L‟Oreal使用打

印的人类皮肤测试他们产品的副作用。可推知，生物打印技术能够被社会接受。故选C。11．主旨大意题。介绍了生物打印技术产生的原因、发展现状、未来发展和生物打印技术对器官移植的重大意义。可知本文主要想告诉我们生物打印技术对建造器官的贡献。故选C。8.（20

20届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.MinorSnow,the20thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearon

Nov.22andendsonDec.6.HerearefivethingsyoushouldknowaboutMinorSnow.LightsnowAnancientChinesebookaboutp

lantsexplainsthat“inMinorSnow,theweatheriscoldanditisgoingtosnow,butthesnowislightandtheearthisnotfrozenenough.”DrinkingsoupDuringMinorSnow,indoorh

eatingbeginstowork,makingmostpeoplemightfindtheirnosesandmouthsfeelabitdry.Thesolutionistodrinkmorehotsoup,suchascabbageandbea

ncurdsoup,muttonandradish(小萝卜)soupandsoon.Eatingglutinous(粘的)ricecakesPeoplehaveglutinousricecakesaroun

dMinorSnow,whichinancienttimes,wereatraditionalfestivalofferingtothebullgod.MakingpreservedporkAfterMinorSn

ow,thetemperaturedeclinessharplyandtheairbecomesdry.Itisthebesttimetostartmakingpreservedporktoeatinthebitt

erwinter,especiallyintheSpringFestival.Inthepast,whenstorageconditionswerepoor,peopledevelopedmanywaystostorefoodandpre

servedporkisonesuchexample.Someevensaypreservedporktastesmoredeliciousthanfreshmeat.AvoidingspicyfoodOncolddays,peoplemaybegreedy

forsomehotandspicyfoodtokeepwarm.Expertssayit‟swisenottoeatoverlyspicyfoodsincethatwillincreaseyourinnerheat.1．Whichoft

hefollowingistrueaboutMinorSnow?A．Itwillcertainlysnowinthisterm.B．Ithasthecoldestdaysoftheyear.C．ItisatermusedinChina‟snorthernareas.D．Itisatermconc

ernedwithweatherinChina.2．WhichfoodisrecommendedtoeatinMinorSnow?A．Cabbageandbeancurdsoup.B．Preservedpork.C．Cakes.D．Spicyfood.3．Whydidp

eoplemakepreservedporkinthepast?A．Becausepeoplefoundithardtostoremeatincoldwinter.B．Becauseitwasmoredelicioustoeatthanfreshmeat.C．Because

peoplecouldn‟taffordtobuyfreshpork.D．Becausenowherecouldpeoplebuyfreshporkinwinter.【答案】1．D2．A3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了谷雨这个节气。在谷雨时，雨水开始频繁，促进作物的生长。北方的人们在谷

雨期间吃香椿，南方的人喝茶。在北方渔村，人们会庆祝谷雨节。1．细节理解题。根据Lightsnow中AnancientChinesebookaboutplantsexplainsthat“inMinorSnow,theweatheriscoldanditisgoingtosn

ow,butthesnowislightandtheearthisnotfrozenenough.”一本关于植物的中国古籍解释说：“小雪天气寒冷，即将下雪，但雪很轻，土地不够冻结。”由此可知，MinorSnow是一个有关中国天气的术语。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据Dri

nkingsoup中Thesolutionistodrinkmorehotsoup,suchascabbageandbeancurdsoup,muttonandradish(小萝卜)soupandsoon.解决办法是多喝热汤，如白菜豆腐汤、羊肉萝卜汤等。由此可知，在

小雪时，建议吃白菜豆腐汤。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据Makingpreservedpork中Inthepast,whenstorageconditionswerepoor,peopledevelopedmanywaystostorefoodandpreservedporkisones

uchexample.在过去，当储存条件很差的时候，人们发明了很多储存食物的方法，腊肉就是一个这样的例子。由此可知，过去人们之所以做腊肉是因为人们发现在寒冷的冬天很难储存肉。故选A。9.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）

Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,a

ccordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.Thescientistsinvited36peopleofdifferentagestothelabandhadthemsitquietlyonafixe

dbicyclefor10minutesor,onaseparatevisit,pedalthebicycleatapacesogentlethatitbarelyraisedtheirheartrates.I

talsowasshort,lastingforonly10minutes.Immediatelyaftereachsessionofthesittingorslowpedaling,thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytes

tduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,atree,followedbyavarietyofotherimagesandthenanewima

geofeitherthesametreeorasimilarone.Thepeoplewouldpressbuttonstoshowwhethertheythoughteachimagewasneworthesameasane

arliershot.Thetestisdifficult,sincemanyoftheimagescloselyresembleoneanother.Itrequiresrapid,skillfulscanningrecentmemoriestodecidewhetherapict

ureisneworknown.Next,thescientistshadeachpersonrepeatthisprocess—ridingorsittingonthebikefor10minutesandthenco

mpletingmemorytesting—butthetestingnowtookplaceinsideanM.R.I.machine(磁共振成像仪)thatscannedthepeople‟sbrainswhilethe

yrespondedtotheimages.Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.Theeffectsoftheexercisewereclear.Thepeoplewerebetteratrememberingimage

saftertheyhadriddenthebike,especiallywhentheimagesmostcloselyresembledoneanother.Inotherwords,theharder

theirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.TheM.R.I.scansshowedthatmemorypartsofeachperson‟sbrainlitupatthesametimewi

thpartsofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,indicatingthatthesephysicallyseparatepartsofthebrainwerebetterco

nnectednowthanwhenthepeoplehadnotfirstexercised.8．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?A．Picture.B．Film.C．Remark.D．Scene.9．Accordi

ngtothepassageweknowthat_________.A．atenminutes‟exerciseisthebestmethodofmemorizingthingsB．thebrainworksbetterwhenapersonf

requentlyexercisesC．exercisecanhelpdifferentpartsofthebodyworktogetherD．memoryfunctioncanbeimprovedaftergentleexercise10．T

hestudyresultwillbemostbeneficialto________.A．aplayercompetinginbicycleridingB．ayoungmancrazyaboutexperi

mentsC．astudentpreparingforanexaminationD．aretiredmantakingexerciseinthepark11．Whydoesthewriterwritethearticle?A．Tourgepeopletoexerci

sebeforelearning.B．Topresentaninspiringnewstudyresult.C．ToshowhowanM.R.I.machineworks.D．Toprovethegoo

deffectsofexercise.【答案】8．A9．D10．C11．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，哪怕是仅仅十分钟的轻柔运动也会提高人的记忆里水平。8．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemo

rytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,atree“这些人完成了一项计算机化的记忆测试，在测试过程中，他们会看到一张简单的图片，比如一棵树。”由此可知，avarietyofotherim

ages中的划线词images的意思是“图片，图像”。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformed

aftertheexercise.“换句话说，他们的记忆越难做到最好，他们在锻炼后的表现就越好。”由此可知，温和锻炼后记忆功能可以改善。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第一段Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimm

ediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunct

ion,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10分钟的温和锻炼可以立即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，研究结果对学生备考最为有利。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第一段Tenminutesofgentlee

xercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingto

anencouragingnewstudy.“一项令人鼓舞的新研究显示，10分钟的温和锻炼可以立即改变大脑某些部分相互沟通和协调的方式，并改善记忆功能。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了提出一个鼓舞人心的新研究结果。故选B。10.（2020届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第一次模拟）Garbages

ortinghasbecomeahotissuearoundChina,especiallyafterShanghaibegancarryingoutaregulationonJuly1.Beijinghasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecurr

entregulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibilitiestogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandothe

rorganizations.Italsogivesrulesforcompanies,outlininghowthey‟reresponsibleforwastecollection,transportationandtreatment.Onlyindividualsarenotsubj

ecttoresponsibilities.Thelong-awaitedrevisionwillsoonchangethesituation.“Takingoutthetrashwithoutsortingitproperlywillbeillegal

,”saidSunXinjun,directoroftheBeijingCommissionofUrbanManagement.InShanghai,violatorsarenowfinedupto200yuanfortras

h-sortingviolations(违背).ThemaximumfineinBeijingwillnotbelessthanthat,hesaid.TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstsetouttopromotegarbag

esortingin2009.Authoritieshavesincecalledoncitizenstosorttheirhouseholdwasteintofourtypes-recyclable

waste,kitchentrash,dangerouswasteandothers—andleaveitinacorresponding(相应的)dustbinortrashcan.Blue-coloreddustbinsind

icateitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitchentrash,redcorrespondstodangerousmaterialsandgreytoother

waste.Topromotetheawarenessofgarbagesortingandexpandthebaseofparticipants,authoritieshaveemployedworkerstohelpresidentso

nthespot.Withintelligentdevices,thosewhothrowinrecyclablewasteatgivensiteswillberewardedwithbonuspoints,whichcanbeusedtobuydailygood

s.Atsomecommunities,therearenocolor-codeddustbins.Instead,ascheduledgarbagecollectionserviceisofferedtohelpi

mprovetheenvironment.Inothercommunities,workersofferadoor-to-doorservicetocollectrecyclablesorkitchenwaste.BeijingEnvironmentalS

anitationEngineeringGrouphasbeenpromotingnewgarbagesortingfacilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkit

chenwastetrashcanssince2016,XinhuaNewsAgencyreported.12．Whichofthefollowingshouldn‟tbethrownintoabluedustbin?A．Cokecans.B．Usedbooks.C．Thrown-awayb

atteries.D．Abandonedironpots.13．It‟sknownfromthepassagethat_______.A．ShanghaicarriedoutgarbagesortinglaterthanBeijingB．Gree

ncolorindicatesrecyclablewastelikedesertedclothesC．peoplesortingrecyclablewastewillberewardedthroughou

tBeijingD．citizensarenotresponsibleforgarbagesortinginBeijingnow14．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．An

ExampleinGarbageSortinginShanghaiB．ActiontoBeTakentoSortGarbageinShanghaiC．PresentGarbageCollectioninBeijingD．NewGarbageSortingRe

gulationinBeijing15．Wherecanyoureadthearticle?A．Afashionmagazine.B．Asciencebook.C．Agovernmentreport.D．Anewspaper

.【答案】12．C13．D14．C15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类在北京的实施情况。12．推理判断题。根据第四段中Blue-coloreddustbinsindicateitemswithinarerecyclable,greenrepresentskitc

hentrash,redcorrespondstodangerousmaterialsandgreytootherwaste.“蓝色的垃圾桶表示里面的物品是可回收的，绿色代表厨房垃圾，红色代表危险物品，灰色代表其他垃圾。”由此可知，废

电池不能再回收，所以不能被扔到蓝色的垃圾桶里。故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中Beijinghasthusbeenexpectedtofollowsuit.Thecurrentregulationgivesgarbagesortingresponsibiliti

estogovernmentdepartments,propertymanagementgroupsandotherorganizations.“因此，外界预计中国政府也会效仿。目前的规定将垃圾分类的责任交给

了政府部门、物业管理集团和其他组织。”由此可知，从文章中可以得知，现在北京市民不需要对垃圾分类负责。故选D。14．主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句TheBeijingcitygovernmentfirstseto

uttopromotegarbagesortingin2009.“北京市政府于2009年开始推广垃圾分类。”和最后一段BeijingEnvironmentalSanitationEngineeringGrouphasbee

npromotingnewgarbagesortingfacilitiessuchasrecyclingcabinetsandsmartkitchenwastetrashcanssince2016“自2016年以来，北京环卫工程

集团一直在推广新的垃圾分类设施，如回收箱和智能厨房垃圾桶”由此可知，C项PresentGarbageCollectioninBeijing.(目前北京的垃圾收集)为最佳主题。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的XinhuaNewsAgenc

yreported(新华社报道)可知，这是一篇关于北京市垃圾分类的新闻报道，所以它不可能出现在一本时尚杂志、一本科学书和一个政府报告上，它最有可能出现在报纸上。故选D。11.（2020届山西省太原市高三模拟）Greati

nventorslikeThomasEdisonhaveimpactedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertai

nlyvaluable,otheramazinginventionswereactuallycreatedbychildren!ThetrampolineTrampolinesaregreatforbothfunandexercise,buttheyareafairly

recentinvention.Inthe1930s,GeorgeNissenwasinspiredtomakeabouncy“net"afterseeingacircusperformance.Hethoughtitmoreentertainingforperformerstoconti

nuebouncinginsteadoflandinginanet.So,attheageof16,hemadeitbystretchingthickclothinametalframe.ThePopsicleColdweatherledtothecreationofad

eliciousinvention-thePopsicle.FrankEppersonwasjust11yearsoldwhenheaccidentallycreatedhisfirstPopsicle.Hewasmakinghimselfasodadrinkan

dlefthisglassoutsideovernight.Whenhefounditinthemorning,ithadfrozensolidwiththestir(搅拌)stickstillintheg

lass.AndthefirstPopsiclewasborn.BrailleThree-year-oldLouisBrailleexperiencedaseriouseyeinjurythatblindedhim

inbotheyes.Hestruggledtoreadbymovinghisfingersacrossraisedletters,butthatprovedverydifficult.Attheageoft

welve,Louislearnedaboutacommunicationsystemwheremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.Hechangedi

tandcreatedBraille.Itsnowusedaroundtheworld!BEACONWhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sTopYoungScientistforinventingadevice

calledBEACON.AfterreceivingaletterfromherEthiopianpenpal,Hannahwasinspiredtocreateadevicethatcouldconverttheener

gyfromoceanwavesintoelectricitywhichshehopeswillhelppeoplewithouteasyaccesstoelectricity.1．Whichoftheinve

ntionsgreatlybenefitstheblind?A．Thetrampoline.B．ThePopsicle.C．Braille.D．BEACON.2．Whowasawardedanationaltitleforhis/herinvention?A．Geo

rgeNissen.B．FrankEpperson.C．LouisBraille.D．HannahHerbst.3．Whatdothechildinventorshaveincommon?A．Theywereallawardedfortheiramazinginventions.B．Th

eyallmadeimprovementsonpreviousinventions.C．Theywereallteenagerswhentheymadetheirinventions.D．Theyallinventedgreatthingsthatinfluencepeople'sl

ives.【答案】1．C2．D3．D【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了蹦床、棒冰、盲文、灯塔等几项小孩子的大发明，影响了世界。1．细节理解题。根据关键词theblind定位到第四段，由Attheageoftwelve,Louislearnedaboutacommunicationsys

temwheremessagescouldbereadsilentlywithfingertips.HechangeditandcreatedBraille.Itsnowusedaroundtheworld!可知，十二岁时，路易斯学会了一种可以用指尖默默读取信息的通讯系统。他

改变了它，创造了盲文。现在全世界都在使用。所以布莱叶盲文使盲人受益匪浅，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句WhenHannahHerbstwasjust14yearsold,shewasnamedAmerica'sT

opYoungScientistforinventingadevicecalledBEACON.可知，当HannahHerbst只有14岁的时候，她因为发明了一种名为BEACON的设备而被提名为美国最顶尖的年轻科学家。可知选D。3．推理判断题。根据首段第二句Greatinven

torslikeThomasEdisonhaveimpactedpeople'sliveswiththeirinventions.Whiletheircontributionsarecertainlyvaluable,othera

mazinginventionswereactuallycreatedbychildren!可知，像托马斯·爱迪生这样伟大的发明家用他们的发明影响了人们的生活。虽然他们的贡献当然是有价值的，但其他令人惊异的发明实际上是由孩子们创造！由此判断出这些儿童发明的共同点是孩子创造的的神奇发明影响

了人们的生活，故选D。12.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）Whatisbodysurfing?Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfromaidtoolssuchasasurfboard.Th

at‟swhyitiscalledthe“purest”formofsurfing.Infact,itisoneofveryfewextremesports—freeclimbingandcliffdi

vingare.others—thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.Howdoyoudoit?Tocatchawave,swimtowherethewavesbreakand,asoneapproaches,startswi

mmingtowardsthebeach.Youmusttrytotravelatthesamespeedasthewaveand,ifyoudoitcorrectly,youwillfeelthewaveliftingyouandpushingyouforwards.Thent

ryandcutalongthesurfaceofthewave.Whatdoyouneed?Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).Thisisbecausetheyen

ableyoutoswimfasterandsurfalongthemmoreeasily.Awetsuitisalsoadvisable.Anotheraidisahandboard,amini-surfboardaboutthesi

zeofaniron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.Ifyouareluckyenoughtobesurfinginwarmwater,makesureyouhaveyourboardsho

rtsattheready.UnofficialworldchampionshipBodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHawaiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachy

ear.LocalbodysurferscompeteagainstathletesfromplacessuchasAustralia,Brazil,JapanorFrance.Famousbodyboa

rderMikeStewarthaswontheeventnofewerthan12times,andKellySlater,thegreatestsurferinhistory,hasalsocompeted.1．Howdoesabodysurfersurfwhileint

hesea?A．Onlyusingthehumanbody.B．Onlyrelyingonasurfboard.C．Onlyfollowingawave.D．Onlyswimmingalongthebeach.2．Whichcanmakeyousurffaster?A．

Flippersandawetsuit.B．Awetsuitandahandboard.C．Ahandboardandboardshorts.D．AhandboardandFlippers.3．Whatcanweknowabout

thePipelineBodysurfingClassic?A．Itisforlocalbodysurfers.B．ItisheldannuallyinHawaii.C．Allfamousbodysurfersfavo

rit.D．MikeStewartattendsiteveryyear.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfingisrelatedtoridingonawavewithnohelpfro

maidtoolssuchasasurfboard.和thatcanbepracticedusingnothingbutthehumanbody.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据

文章第三段Itismoreenjoyableandsaferifyouuseflippers(largeflatrubbershoes).如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Anotheraidisahandboard,amini-su

rfboardaboutthesizeofaniron,heldinonehandtospeedupalongthewave.一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfingisnotaprofessionalsport,butinHaw

aiithereissuchafestivalcalledthePipelineBodysurfingClassiceachyear.在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。13.（2020届陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）Mo

rePeopleAreLeavingtheRatRacefortheSimpleLifeTimeismorepreciousthanmoneyforanincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoarechoosingtolivemor

ewithless—andlikingit.KayandCharlesGiddens,twolawyers,soldtheirhometostartaB&Bhotel.Fouryearslater,thecoupledishesoutbananapa

ncakebreakfast,cleanstoiletsandserveshomemadechocolatechipcookiestoguestsinaB&Bhotelsurroundedbytreesonahillknownforcolorfulsunsets.“DoImissthef

reeways?DoImissthetraffic?DoImissthestress?No,”saysMs.Giddens,“Thisisaphenomenonthat‟sfairlywidespread.Alotofpeoplearereeva

luatingtheirlivesandfiguringoutwhattheywanttodo.Iftheirbaseisbeingdamaged,what‟sthepayoff?”Simpleliving

rangesfromcuttingdownonweeknightactivitiestosharinghousing,livingclosertowork,avoidingshoppingmalls,borrowingbooksfromthelibraryins

teadofbuyingthem,andtakingacutinpaytoworkatamorepleasurablejob.VickiRobin,awriter,livesonabudgetequaltoafifthofwhatsheusedtomake.“Youbecomeconsciousa

boutwhereyourmoneyisgoingandhowvaluableitis,”Ms.Robinsays,“Youtendnottousethingsup.Youcookathomeratherthaneatout…”JanetLuhrs,alawyer,quitherjobafterg

ivingbirthandleavingherdaughterwithanannyfortwoweeks.“ItwasnotthewayIwantedtoraisemykids,”shesays,“Simplicityisnotjustabout

savingmoney;it‟saboutmesittingdowneverynightwithmykidstoacandlelitdinnerwithclassicalmusic.”Mrs.Luhrsnowedits

amagazine,SimpleLiving,whichpublishestipsonhowtobuyrecycledfurnitureandshoes,organizepotluckdinnersinsteadofexpensivereceptions,andgenerallyhowtocons

umeless.“It‟snotaboutpoverty,”Mrs.Luhrsexplains,“It‟saboutconsciouslivingandcreatingthelifeyouwant.Thelessst

uffyoubuy,thelessmoneygoesoutofthedoor,andthelessmoneyyouhavetoearn.”8．KayandCharlesGiddenssoldtheirhometo______.A．pa

yoffthedebtB．startaprivatehotelC．cutdownexpensesD．buylivingnecessities9．Simplelivingincludes______.A．buildingahomelibr

aryB．livinginthecountrysideC．enjoyingacolorfulnightlifeD．sharinghousingwithothers10．ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatnowJanetLuhrs___

___.A．spendsmoretimewithherkidsB．hasaninterestinclassicalmusicC．worksasareporterofamagazineD．helpspeoplebuy

recycledclothes11．Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A．Byusingfigures.B．Byaskingquestions.C．Bygivingexamples

.D．Bymakingcomparisons.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的人摆脱激烈竞争的环境回归简单的生活。他们重新审视生活的价值，希望过上一种自己喜欢的生活。8．

细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的soldtheirhometostartaB&Bhotel可知，他们把房子卖掉是为了经营自己的酒店，故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的Simplelivingrangesfrom

cuttingdownonweeknightactivitiestosharinghousing可知，D选项sharinghousingwithothers包含了simpleliving的内容，故选D。10．推理判

断题。根据文章第六段中的ItwasnotthewayIwantedtoraisemykids,”shesays,“Simplicityisnotjustaboutsavingmoney可知，JanetLuhrs不工作是因为想把更多的时间花在跟

她的小孩子一起，故选A。11．推理判断题。纵观全文，不难看出文章是用了几个人物的例子，如KayandCharlesGiddens夫妇，作家VickiRobin等，来讲述Simpleliving的概念的，故选C。14.（2020届

陕西省铜川市高三第二次模拟）ThenewgarbagesortingregulationhastakeneffectinShanghaistartingfromJuly1.Manycitizensarestillconfusedaboutthecla

ssificationofthefourdifferenttypesoftrash.Thankfully,authoritieshavereleasedanofficialguidelinetoexplainthenewrules.Theguideline,publishedbytheShangh

aiGreeneryandPublicSanitationBureau,providesarathercleardefinitiononthefourkindsofwaste:recyclablewaste,harmfulwaste,ho

useholdfoodwasteandresidual(剩余的)waste.Harmfulwaste,asthenamesuggests,includesvariouspoisonousmaterialslikeusedbatteries,lig

htbulbs,out-of-datemedicines,paintandpesticides.Householdfoodwaste—whichistranslatedto“wettrash”inChinese—refers

tofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherbs(中药)andflowers.Paper,plastic,glass,metalandtextiles(纺织品)arecountedasrecyclab

lewaste.Thedefinitionofresidualwasteisalittleconfusing.Anythingthatisnotlistedabovebelongstothiscategory.Asspecificasthenewguidelineis,resid

entsstillhaveahardtimesortingtrashcorrectlyandarefindingitchallengingtomemorizethemall.Forinstance,bothplasticbottlesandbubbleteaorcoffeecupsa

replasticmaterials.However,theformerfallstothecategoryofrecyclablewasteandthelatterbelongstoresidualwa

ste.Tosavethehassle,somenetizenshavecomeupwiththeirownwaytosorttrash.“Weshoulddothisfromapig‟sangle,”commentedonenetizen

.“Thoseedible(可食用的)forpigsarehouseholdfoodwaste.Thoseevenpigsdon‟twanttoeatareresidualwaste.Ifapigconsume

ssomethinganddiesofit,thensomethingmustbeharmfulwaste.Thosethatcanbesoldandthemoneywegaincanbeusedtopurchasepigsarerecyc

lablewaste.”ThenewregulationcameintoeffectonJuly1.ThosewhodonotsorttheirtrashproperlywillbefinedRMB200.12．Whatdotheol

dcoatsthatyouwanttothrowawaybelongto?A．Harmfulwaste.B．Wettrash.C．Recyclablewaste.D．Residualwaste.13．Whatisthecommonpointof“wettrash”？A．Theyc

anbebrokendowneasily.B．Theyallcomefromplants.C．Theyallhavebadsmells.D．Theyallhavepoisonousmaterials.14．Whatisthetoneofthen

etizenlike?A．Serious.B．Humorous.C．Delightful.D．Uncertain.15．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Thefoursortsofgarbageare

forbiddeninShanghai.B．Shanghaigarbagesortingenforcementbegins.C．Peoplearestillconfusedaboutgarbagesorting.D．ThenetizensinShanghaisupport

thegarbagesortingpolicy.【答案】12．C13．A14．B15．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海的垃圾分类指南以及相关规定出台后，人们对此作出的反应。12．细节理解题。根据第五段Paper,plastic,glass,metalandt

extiles(纺织品)arecountedasrecyclablewaste.可知纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和纺织品都是可回收的废物。纺织品属于可回收垃圾，而旧衣服属于纺织品，故选C。13．推理判断题。根据第四段Househol

dfoodwaste—whichistranslatedto“wettrash”inChinese—referstofoodleftovers,rottenfood,petfood,fruitpeels,remainsofTCMherb

s(中药)andflowers.可知，家庭食物垃圾——在中文里被翻译成“湿垃圾”——指的是剩饭剩菜、腐烂的食物、宠物食品、果皮、中草药和鲜花的残留物。由此可知，“湿垃圾”的共同点是它们很容易分解。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Weshoulddothisfromapig‟s

angle,”commentedonenetizen.可知，一位网友评论道：“我们应该从猪的角度来做这件事。”由此可推知，该网民说从猪的角度来看，可见该网民是以一种幽默的语气来表达自己的观点的。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中Thenewgarbagesortingregul

ationhastakeneffectinShanghaistartingfromJuly1.可知，新的垃圾分类规定已于7月1日起在上海生效。后文又介绍了上海的垃圾分类规定的出台及具体内容，如可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾等的具体内容，以及人们

对此的反应。故选B。15.（2020届陕西宜川中学高三第三次模拟）“Peoplearerudertodaybecausetheyarerushedandmore„timepoor‟thaneverbefore,”saysPatsyRowe,“Mannershavefalle

nofftheradar(雷达).”Duetoourstrongattractiontoelectronicequipmentitisawonderthatmorepeopledon‟twakeupeachmorningandgreetthesingingbirdswithcomplaining

aboutthenoise.Herearesomeexamplesofrudeness.SomepeopleprefertodoalmosteverythingovertheInternet.Tothem,dealingwithanact

ualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackward.Itfeelsveryslowbecausehumansdon‟tworkat4Gspeeds.Whenyouhavedinnerwithfrien

ds,youwilloftennoticesomeonepayingmoreattentiontohismobilephone.Wehaveprogrammedourselvestothinkthateverynewmessagebringslife-changingnews,sota

kingcallsandcheckingourtextsaremoreimportantthantalkingtothepeoplewearewith.Whatisworse,somepeopleeventendtosendanonymous（匿名的）rudemess

agesbyemail.However,rudenessisneveracceptable.Don‟tassumeitisOKtoberudeifthepersonyou‟reintouchwithwon‟trecognizeyou.Ifyouhaves

omethingawfultosay,havethecouragetofacethepersonandsayit,writealetteroremailandsignit,orforgetit.Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessage

siscruelanddisgusting.Weshouldn‟tblametechnologyforourshortcomings.Technologyisheretohelpus,butweshouldnotallowittotakeover

ourlives.Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.Peoplespendalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldb

eevenmorehelpfulifwe‟dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.8．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagrap

h1?A．Peoplecarelittleabouttheirbehavior.B．Peoplecantellgoodfrombadbehavior.C．Radarisabletoobservehumanbehavior.D．Radarcanbeusedtopredicthumanbeh

avior.9．Somepeoplearelesswillingtodealwithhumansbecause__________.A．theyaregrowingtooindependentB．theyhavetohandlemanyimportantmessage

sC．theyarebecominglesspatientD．theyhavetofollowanevolutionarystepbackward.10．Theauthorthinkssendingun

signedawfulmessagesis___________.A．disgustingB．acceptableC．RidiculousD．reasonable11．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Weshouldapplaudgoodbeh

avior.B．Weshouldkeeppointingoutmistakes.C．Technologywilltakeoverlivesoneday.D．Technologycanneverbeblamed【答案】8．A9．C10．A11．A【解析】本文为一篇说明文。随着电子产品和网络

的普及，人们越来越匆忙，从而变得更加粗鲁，越来越不注重礼貌。我们不应该把我们的缺点归咎于技术。我们应该赞扬良好的行为。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Peoplearerudertodaybecausetheyarerushedandmore„timepoor‟thaneverbef

ore…”Herearesomeexamplesofrudness”可知，今天的人们更粗鲁，因为他们很匆忙，而且比以往任何时候都更缺乏时间人们忽视他们的行为以及一些粗鲁的例子。可知，人们对他们的行为举止不在意了。故选A项。9．推

理判断题。根据第二段中Tothem,dealingwithanactualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackward.Itfeelsveryslowbecausehumansdon‟tworkat4Gspeeds

.“对他们来说，与真人打交道就像是进化的倒退。这感觉非常慢，因为人类无法以4G速度工作。”可知，有些人不太愿意和人类打交道，因为他们变得越来越没有耐心。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedm

essagesiscruelanddisgusting.”“用未署名的信息惹恼别人是残忍和令人恶心的。”可知，作者认为发送无签名的糟糕消息是令人厌恶的。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Peoplespendalotoftime

pointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldbeevenmorehelpfulifwe‟dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.“人们花很多时间指出不礼貌的地方，但如果我们在看到他们的时候公开

承认他们有礼貌，那就更有帮助了。”可知，我们应该赞扬良好的行为。故选A。